TWI583376B - Compounds isolated from Antelroxicus and their use - Google Patents

Compounds isolated from Antelroxicus and their use Download PDF

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TWI583376B
TWI583376B TW102109826A TW102109826A TWI583376B TW I583376 B TWI583376 B TW I583376B TW 102109826 A TW102109826 A TW 102109826A TW 102109826 A TW102109826 A TW 102109826A TW I583376 B TWI583376 B TW I583376B
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antrodia camphorata
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wen-liang Zhang
Yi-Zhao Yan
Hui-Ling Zeng
Wan-Ping Zeng
Tai-Lin Zeng
Ying-Yu Guo
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Description

分離自牛樟芝的化合物及其用途
本發明係關於一種分離自牛樟芝的化合物、萃取物及其用途,特別是關於將該化合物及萃取物應用於抑制腫瘤生長之用途。
牛樟芝(Antrodia camphorata),又稱樟芝、牛樟菇或紅樟芝等,屬於非褶菌目(Aphyllophorales)、多孔菌科(Polyporaceae)之多年生蕈菌類,為台灣特有種真菌,僅生長於台灣保育類樹種-牛樟樹(Cinnamoum kanehirai Hay)之中空腐朽心材內壁上。由於牛樟樹分布數量極為稀少,加上人為的盜伐,使得寄生於其中方能生長之野生牛樟芝數量更形稀少,且由於其子實體生長相當緩慢,生長期亦僅在六月至十月之間,因此價格非常昂貴。
牛樟芝之子實體為多年生,無柄,呈木栓質至木質,其具強烈之樟樹香氣,且形態多變化,有板狀、鐘狀、馬蹄狀或塔狀。初生時為扁平型並呈鮮紅色,之後其周邊會呈現放射反捲狀,並向四周擴展生長,顏色亦轉變為淡紅褐色或淡黃褐色,並有許多細孔,且其係為牛樟芝之藥用價值最豐富的部位。
在台灣民俗醫學上,牛樟芝具有解毒、減輕腹瀉症狀、消炎、治療肝臟相關疾病及抗癌等功用。牛樟芝如同一般食藥用之蕈菇類,具有許多複雜的成分,已知的生理活性成分中,包括:三萜類化合物(triterpenoids)、多醣體(polysaccharides,如β-D-葡聚醣)、腺苷(adenosine)、維生素(如維生素B、菸鹼酸)、蛋白質(含免疫球蛋白)、超氧歧化酵素(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、微量元素(如:鈣、磷、鍺)、核酸、固醇類以及血壓穩定物質(如antodia acid)等,此些生理活性成分被認為具有抗腫 瘤、增加免疫能力、抗過敏、抗病菌、抗高血壓、降血糖及降膽固醇等多種功效。
牛樟芝眾多成分中以三萜類化合物被研究的最多,三萜類化合物是由三十個碳元素結合成六角形或五角形天然化合物之總稱,牛樟芝所具之苦味即主要來自三萜類此成分。1995年時,Cherng等人發現牛樟芝子實體萃取物中含有三種新的以麥角甾烷(ergostane)為骨架的三萜類化合物:antcin A、antcin B與antcin C(Cherng,I.H.,and Chiang,H.C.1995.Three new triterpenoids from Antrodia cinnamomea.J.Nat.Prod.58:365-371)。Chen等人以乙醇萃取樟芝子實體後發現zhankuic acid A、zhankuic acid B及zhankuic acid C等三種三萜類化合物(Chen,C.H.,and Yang,S.W.1995.New steroid acids from Antrodia cinnamomea,-a fungus parasitic on Cinnamomum micranthum.J.Nat.Prod.58:1655-1661)。此外,Chiang等人於1995年也由子實體萃取物中發現另外三種分別為倍半萜內酯(sesquiterpene lactone)與兩種雙酚類衍生物的新三萜類化合物,此即antrocin,4,7-二甲氧基-5-甲基-1,3-苯並二氧環(4,7-dimethoxy-5-methy-1,3-benzodioxole)與2,2',5,5'-四甲氧基-3,4,3',4'-雙-亞甲二氧基-6,6'-二甲基聯苯(2,2',5,5'-teramethoxy-3,4,3',4'-bi-methylenedioxy-6,6'-dimethylbiphenyl)(Chiang,H.C.,Wu,D.P.,Cherng,I.W.,and Ueng,C.H.1995.A sesquiterpene lactone,phenyl and biphenyl compounds from Antrodia cinnamomea.Phytochemistry.39:613-616)。到了1996年,Cherng等人以同樣分析方法再度發現四種新的三萜類化合物:antcin E、antcin F、methyl antcinate G、methyl antcinate H(Cherng,I.H.,Wu,D.P.,and Chiang,H.C.1996.Triteroenoids from Antrodia cinnamomea.Phytochemistry.41:263-267);而Yang等人則發現了二種以麥角甾烷為骨架的新化合物zhankuic acid D、zhankuic acid E,和三種以羊毛甾烷 (lanostane)為骨架的新化合物:15 α-乙醯-去氫硫色多孔菌酸(15 α-acetyl-dehydrosulphurenic acid)、去氫齒孔酸(dehydroeburicoic acid)與去水硫色多孔菌酸(dehydrasulphurenic acid)(Yang,S.W.,Shen,Y.C.,and Chen,C.H.1996.Steroids and triterpenoids of Antrodia cinnamomea-a fungus parasitic on Cinnamomum micranthum.Phytochemistry.41:1389-1392)。其中,某些成分陸續被發現可能對於AMPK及TOR訊息傳遞路徑扮演重要角色,透過AMPK的活化及對mTOR轉譯路徑的抑制,達到對癌細胞周期中G1期的良好控制,完全阻斷癌細胞周期的進展,造成一連串的癌細胞雕亡。
雖然由目前諸多之實驗可得知牛樟芝萃取物具有前述功效,且其所含成分亦陸續被分析出,但牛樟芝萃取物中是否仍有其他具抗癌活性或其他醫療用途的化合物未被找出來,仍有待進一步實驗研究來釐清。
據此,本發明之一目的在提供一種分離自牛樟芝的化合物,係以式I表示:
其中R1為氫或乙醯基。
較佳地,該化合物之R1為氫,係以式(II)表示:
較佳地,其中該化合物之R1為乙醯基,係以式(III)表示:
本發明之又一目的在於提供一種將上述化合物用於製備抑制腫瘤生長藥物的用途,其中該腫瘤係為肺腺癌、結腸癌、前列腺癌、及肝癌其中之一。
本發明之另一目的在於提供一種萃取自牛樟芝的萃取物,該萃取物係以下列步驟進行萃取而得:取牛樟芝菌絲體、子實體或二者之混合物以10倍量的酒精抽取2次後合併濃縮得到一粗抽物,將該粗抽物以二氯甲烷/水(1:1)進行分配萃取法3次,以分為一二氯甲烷層及一水層,取該二氯甲烷層以矽膠柱層析法經過正己烷/二氯甲烷(1:4)、二氯甲烷、甲醇/二氯甲烷(5:95)的溶媒分離得到該萃取物。
牛樟芝成分之萃取
取牛樟芝(Antrodia camphorata)菌絲體、子實體或二者之混合物(1.0 kg)以10倍量的酒精抽取2次後,合併濃縮可得粗抽物約230 g(LT-E),粗抽物以二氯甲烷/水(1:1)進行分配萃取法3次,分為二氯甲烷層約102.6 g(LT-E-D)及水層約127.4 g(LT-E-W),取二氯甲烷層6.0 g以 矽膠柱層析法經過正己烷/二氯甲烷(1:4)、二氯甲烷、甲醇/二氯甲烷(5:95)的溶媒分離,分為ANCA-E-D-1、ANCA-E-D-2、ANCA-E-D-3、ANCA-E-D-4等四層。
牛樟芝萃取物之抗癌活性
分別針對A549细胞株(肺腺癌)、CT26细胞株(結腸癌)、DU145細胞株(前列腺癌)、HepG2細胞株(肝癌)、MDCK細胞株(腎癌)、PC3細胞株(前列腺癌)進行細胞存活檢測(MTT cell viability assay),結果參閱如下列表1~6。
將上述細胞株分別於適當的培養液中培養24小時。將增生後之細胞以PBS清洗一次,並以1倍之胰蛋白酶-EDTA處理細胞,隨後於1,200rpm下離心5分鐘,將細胞沈澱並丟棄上清液。之後加入10ml的新培養液,輕微搖晃使細胞再次懸浮,再將細胞分置於96孔微量盤內。測試時,分別於每一孔內加入0.01~200μg/ml的牛樟芝萃取物,於37℃、5% CO2下培養48小時。其後,於避光的環境下於每一孔內加入2.5mg/ml的MTT,反應4小時後再於每一孔內加入100μl的lysis buffer終止反應。最後以酵素免疫分析儀在570nm吸光波長下測定其吸光值,藉以計算細胞的存活率,並推算出其生長半抑制率所需濃度(即IC50值)所有實驗資料均以平均值±標準誤差表示。實驗資料以配對t考驗(paired-t test)進行統計分析。以p值小於0.05視為具有統計學上差異。
在表1~6中,0~25%細胞存活:+/-,25~50%細胞存活:+,50~75%細胞存活:++,75~100%細胞存活:+++,>100%細胞存活:++++。溶劑為DMSO,其IC50為2.34%,意謂當藥物稀釋至DMSO含量為2.34%時,會造成細胞50%死亡,此處當藥物稀釋至100μg/ml之DMSO含量為0.5%。ANCA-E、ANCA-E-D、ANCA-E-W、ANCA-E-D-1、ANCA-E-D-2、ANCA-E-D-3、ANCA-E-D-4、LT-80及LT-C80分別為不同的牛樟芝萃取物。
依據上列各表結果顯示,其中的ANCA-E-D-2、ANCA-E-D-3、ANCA-E-D-4對於各種不同的癌細胞生長具有較佳的抑制效果。例如,其中的ANCA-E-D-2及ANCA-E-D-3對於A549细胞株(肺腺癌)、CT26细胞株(結腸癌)、DU145細胞株(前列腺癌)、HepG2細胞 株(肝癌)、MDCK細胞株(腎癌)、PC3細胞株(前列腺癌),相比於相對其他組別而言,具有相對較佳的抑制效果。而ANCA-E-D-4雖然略低於ANCA-E-D-2及ANCA-E-D-3,但對於各種腫瘤細胞亦有一定的抑制效果。據此,可將該等萃取物用於製備抑制腫瘤生長藥物的用途,包括肺腺癌、結腸癌、前列腺癌、及肝癌其中之一,並可進一步純化其中的有效單一成分。
自牛樟芝萃取製備Antrocamol LT1及Antrocamol LT2
依據上述結果,將ANCA-E-D-2及ANCA-E-D-3進一步進行純化,將ANCA-E-D-3層經製備型逆相柱層析法(C-18逆相層析管柱)以80%MeOH/H20在18.75分鐘附近可得一新化合物Antrocamol LT1約150mg,而LT-E-D-2層經製備型逆相柱層析法(C-18逆相層析管柱)以80%MeOH/H20在25.10分鐘附近可得另一新化合物Antrocamol LT2約170mg。Antrocamol LT1的結構鑑定結果如下:
Antrocamol LT1為無色之液體產物,經分析該化合物之分子式為C24H38O5,分子量為406,完整中文英名稱為4-羥基-2,3-二甲氧基-6-甲基-5-(9-羥基-3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二碳三烯)-2-環己烯酮、4-hydroxy-5-[9-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl]-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-cyclohex-2-enone。
LT1結構鑑定資料(參閱附件1):1H-NMR(500MHz,CDCl3):δ 1.12(3H,d,J=7.2Hz,),1.61(3H,s),1.64(3H,s),1.66(3H,s),1.68(3H,s),1.72(1H,m),1.98-2.30(8H),2.51(1H,dq,J=11.6,7.2Hz),3.62(3H,s),4.02(3H,s),4.33(1H,d,J=2.8Hz),4.35(1H,dt,J=9.2,4.0Hz),5.09(1H,d,J=8.4Hz),5.14(1H,t,J=7.2Hz),5.15(1H,t,J=7.2Hz);13C-NMR(125MHz,CDCl3):δ 12.17(q),15.95(q),16.19(q),18.13(q),25.72(q),25.93(t),26.78(t),39.41(t),39.98(d),43.29(d),47.94(t),58.81(q),60.48(q),65.35(d),67.24(d),121.64(d),127.64(d),128.42(d),132.03(s),134.99(s),135.97(s),137.42(s),160.82(s),197.15(s)。
Antrocamol LT2(參閱附件2):為無色之液體產物,經分析該 化合物之分子式為C26H40O6;分子量為448,完整中文英名稱為4-乙醯羧基-2,3-二甲氧基-6-甲基-5-(9-羥基-3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二碳三烯)-2-環己烯酮、4-acetoxy-5-[9-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-trienyl]-2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-cyclohex-2-enone。
LT2結構鑑定資料:1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3):δ 1.18(3H,d,J=7.2 Hz,),1.54(3H,s),1.64(3H,s),1.67(3H,s),1.69(3H,s),1.72(1H,m),1.80-2.40(8H),2.50(1H,dq,J=11.6,7.2 Hz),3.65(3H,s),3.98(3H,s),4.36(1H,m),5.10(1H,t,J=6.8 Hz),5.12(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz),5.20(1H,t,J=6.4 Hz),5.72(1H,t,J=3.2 Hz);13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3):δ 12.80(q),15.96(q),16.09(q),18.14(q),20.93(q),25.72(q),26.19(t),26.76(t),39.47(t),41.25(d),42.98(d),48.12(t),59.65(q),60.67(q),65.53(d),68.98(d),120.74(d),127.42(d),128.25(d),131.74(s),134.70(s),137.31(s),137.56(s),158.21(s),169.73(s),196.84(s)。
依前述實驗方法進行MTT assay(在此不再重複),利用分析儀在570nm吸光波長下測定其吸光值,藉以計算細胞的存活率,並推算出其生長半抑制率所需濃度(即IC 50值),測試Antrocamol LT1及Antrocamol LT2之抗癌活性,並與ANCA-E、ANCA-E-D及ANCA-E-D-3作比較。所有實驗資料均以平均值±標準誤差表示。實驗資料以配對t考驗(paired-t test)進行統計分析。以p值小於0.05視為具有統計學上差異。並將其半抑制濃度(IC50)整理為下表(表7)。
IC50是指被抑制一半時抑制劑的濃度。IC50值通常用來衡量藥物誘導細胞凋亡的能力,即誘導能力越强,數值越低。由表中結果可看出,新化合物Antrocamol LT1及Antrocamol LT2與ANCA-E、ANCA-E-D及ANCA-E-D-3等萃取物,均具有頗佳的抗癌活性。據此,可將該等化合物化合物用於製備抑制腫瘤生長藥物的用途,包括肺腺癌、結腸癌、前列腺癌、及肝癌其中之一,並可進一步發展為抗癌藥物。
本發明所提供之分離自牛樟芝的化合物、萃取物及其用途確具產業上之利用價值,惟以上之敘述僅為本發明之較佳實施例說明,凡精於此項技藝者當可依據上述之說明而作其它種種之改良,惟這些改變仍屬於本發明之精神及以下所界定之專利範圍中。

Claims (4)

  1. 一種分離自牛樟芝的化合物,係以式I表示: 其中R1為氫或乙醯基。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化合物,其中該化合物之R1為氫,係以式(II)表示:
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化合物,其中該化合物之R1為乙醯基,係以式(III)表示:
  4. 一種將如申請專利範圍第1項所述之化合物用於製備抑制腫瘤生長藥物的用途,其中該腫瘤係為肺腺癌、結腸癌、前列腺癌、及肝癌其中之一。
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