TWI582217B - Solid soil ph conditioner and method therefor - Google Patents

Description

Solid soil pH value conditioning agent and preparation method thereof

The invention relates to a solid soil pH-based conditioning agent and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a food-grade raw material formula, and a base value of at least 11 is released in the soil in a short period of time to quickly and effectively adjust the acidified soil.

The water in the soil dissolves some substances and constitutes a soil solution. The soil solution contains hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ) and hydroxyl ions (OH ^- ), which are different in the ratio of the two, but have different acid-base reactions. An important property, usually expressed in terms of pH, which is mathematically defined as the negative logarithm of Hydrogen Ion Concentration (H ⁺ ), ie pH=-log[H ⁺ ], with a high H ⁺ concentration ( OH ^- low concentration), pH value is small, the soil is acidic; H ⁺ concentration is small (OH ^- concentration is high), pH is high, soil is alkaline reaction; when H ⁺ and OH ^- are equal, pH is 7, That is, the soil is neutral.

Different crop types have different adaptability to soil acidity and alkalinity. Planting plants should choose the soil environment suitable for growth, so as to obtain good productivity and increase the resistance of adverse external conditions, so choose the appropriate soil pH. Or adjusting the pH of the soil to suit the needs of planting crops is an indispensable requirement for planting crops; in addition, the pH value of the soil is closely related to the presence and presence of plant nutrient elements in the soil, among which In particular, the effectiveness of nutrients is greatly affected by pH.

According to the investigation, about 85 percent of the farmland's soil pH value is biased towards 5.5 strong acid or more acid, mainly because the island has abundant rainfall (leaching effect), and the farmers are allowed to make crops per unit area on limited land. The highest yield is achieved, and the soil is heavily burdened. Soil acidification will weaken the activity of organisms in the soil, change the form of nutrients in the soil, reduce the availability of nutrients, and produce toxic effects on crops; in general, nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in fertilizers below pH 7.0 The effectiveness will decrease with the decrease of soil pH, and when the pH is lower than 5.5, the microorganisms in the soil will reduce their activity and population number due to the toxicity of aluminum and manganese and the lack of nutrient availability.

Generally, when adjusting the acidity of the soil, calcium carbonate (lime), quicklime, or bitter lime is mostly used for improvement, and the standard of the improved material is selected, mainly depending on the neutralization ability. Usually, if the neutralization capacity of calcium carbonate is 100, the neutralization capacity of bituminous lime is 150-160, and the neutralization capacity of quicklime is 170-180. However, since the soil has pH buffering capacity, after applying lime and other materials, The pH of the soil is not immediately raised to the target pH that we expect, but gradually increases, and sometimes it may take more than a year to reach the target pH.

Over the years, the market has been filled with a variety of soil conditioners, water-soluble and emulsifiers, and more or less stabilized soil aggregates. It also caused a large soil amendment in the twentieth century. The trend is not the same as the actual effect, so the grand occasion has not been reproduced for a long time. In recent years, China has been in the shadow of the food safety storm. The people are more cautious about picking up materials in the body, making organic ingredients a daily necessity. Together with the global warming effect, the seasons are often suddenly disordered. Abnormal, so the importance of soil conditioning for planting organic crops is clearly visible. China's invention patents 333941, 358399 and 508931, etc., provide soil amendments for new strains and fertilizers, and another method No. 201529809 discloses a method for regulating soil pH value; in addition, mainland No. 104447122A and The description of the composition for improving soil pH has also been made in the case of No. 104072314A.

The main object of the present invention is to provide a solid soil pH value conditioning agent, which comprises 5~10% sea shell, 5~10% high plant nutrient element oil, 2~3% citric acid, 5~10% emulsified tackifier. , sodium citrate 15%~20%, sodium bicarbonate 15~20%, diatomaceous earth 10~15%, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 2~3%, high content plant nutrient element powder 10~15%, pure water 3~5 % and food-grade raw material components in a weight ratio of 15 to 20% of the molding powder.

A secondary object of the present invention is to provide a solid soil pH control agent, wherein the sea shell is preferably a shellfish powder rich in chitin and rapidly releases at least 11 alkali values in the soil to improve the acidified soil. .

One object of the present invention is to provide a solid soil pH-based conditioning agent, wherein the high-content plant nutrient element oil and the high-content plant nutrient element powder are preferably rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid soil pH control agent wherein the high level of plant nutrient element oil is preferably coconut oil or palm oil.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid soil pH control agent wherein the high level of plant nutrient element powder is preferably coconut powder or palm powder.

One object of the present invention is to provide a solid soil pH control agent wherein the emulsified tackifier is preferably Carboxymethyl Cellucose (CMC).

It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid soil pH control agent wherein the forming powder is preferably edible starch.

One object of the present invention is to provide a solid soil pH control agent which is in the form of granules and preferably has a size of from 2 to 5.5 mm.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a solid soil pH adjusting agent, comprising the steps of: (S1) pouring a high content of plant nutrient element oil into a bucket for stirring; (S2) adding a weight ratio of about 2 : 3 citric acid and emulsified tackifier, evenly stirred, until the high content of plant nutrient element oil produces an emulsification reaction and is a creamy foaming aqueous solution; (S3) the foaming of the aqueous solution is stable and stable. After that, add equal amounts of sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate and a small amount of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and uniformly stir to form a uniformly dissolved dough; (S4) add diatomaceous earth, high content of plant nutrient element powder, sea shell powder After stirring with pure water, the dough is made into a paste; and (S5) adding the molding powder and stirring to make the paste into a soft and easy-to-form dough, and then forming and drying the device. The program.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a solid soil pH adjusting agent, comprising the steps of: (S1) pouring a high content of plant nutrient element oil into a bucket for stirring; (S2) adding a weight ratio of about 2 : 3 citric acid and emulsified tackifier, evenly stirred, until the high content of plant nutrient element oil produces an emulsification reaction and is a creamy foaming aqueous solution; (S3) the foaming of the aqueous solution is stable and stable. Thereafter, adding equal amounts of sodium citrate and sodium hydrogencarbonate and a small amount of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, uniformly stirring to form a uniformly dissolved dough; (S4') adding diatomaceous earth, high content of plant nutrient element powder and pure water After stirring, the dough is made into a paste; and (S5') is added to the forming powder and the granular sea shell particles and stirred to make the paste into a soft and easy-to-form dough-like object, and then the device is carried out. Forming and drying procedures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the preparation of a solid soil pH-based conditioning agent of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a flow chart showing another method for preparing a solid soil pH-based conditioning agent of the present invention. In the figure, the sea shell raw material is formed into a granular shape and is not added at the step 4 (S4) in Fig. 1 .

Figure 3 is an illustration of the use of the solid soil pH agent of the present invention, which reveals a plot of pH versus time after use of the conditioner of the present invention.

Figure 4 is another example of the use of the solid soil pH agent of the present invention, which reveals a plot of pH versus time after use of the conditioner of the present invention.

Figure 5 is another example of the use of the solid soil pH agent of the present invention, which reveals a plot of pH versus time after use of the conditioner of the present invention.

The solid soil pH value conditioning agent of the invention comprises sea shell, high content plant nutrient element oil, citric acid, emulsified tackifier, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, diatomaceous earth, high content plant nutrient element powder, ethylenediamine Food grade raw materials such as tetraacetic acid, pure water and forming powder, wherein the sea shell is strictly selected from the shellfish shell of the North Sea rich in chitin, so it contains calcium carbonate component, and is sintered at a high temperature of 1,200 degrees and ground. The high-content plant nutrient element oil and the high-content plant nutrient element powder are rich in plant nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the present invention suggests the use of coconut or palm genus. The emulsification and viscosity enhancement is recommended to be carboxymethylcellulose (Carboxymethyl Cellucose/CMC). Sodium Silicate is a quinone element. Although it is not a necessary nutrient for crops or plant growth, it has been scientifically proven to have quality and yield enhancement effects on crops and plants, especially in green leaf crops or When the content in the tissue of the plant is high, the content of the chloroplast can be increased, the leaf surface has a luster and the green color is beneficial, and the aging phenomenon of the crop and the plant can be delayed. In addition, the sodium bicarbonate (Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate) and the sputum (矽) algae soil are examined by the Commission for the Protection of Plant Protection Materials. The former has the effect of controlling the pathogens of agricultural and forestry crops, while the latter has the efficacy of controlling pests of agricultural and forestry crops. Can not only promote the growth and improvement of crops Good soil and mixed fertilizer can increase the fertilizer efficiency time, and it is a natural environmentally friendly product with great crop soil improvement effect. To the use of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), many research reports have shown that it has certain effects on soil remediation.

As shown in Fig. 1, a flow chart of a process for preparing a solid soil pH-based conditioning agent of the present invention. First, in step 1 (S1), first pour 10-20 liters of coconut oil into a 200 liter capacity mixing tank and stir; then, in step 2 (S2), add 4-6 liters of citric acid crystal powder. The body and the equivalent amount of 10-20 liters of carboxymethyl cellulose are uniformly stirred by a commercial automatic mixer. After about 5 to 10 minutes, the coconut oil will undergo an emulsification reaction. At this time, the stirring is stopped for about 10 to 15 minutes. Soon into a creamy foaming aqueous solution; in step 3 (S3), after the frosting of the aqueous solution is stabilized, add 30-40 kg of the same amount of sodium citrate and sodium bicarbonate powder, and stir evenly. , about 15 to 20 minutes, into a uniformly dissolved dough; in step 4 (S4), add 10 to 15 kg of diatomaceous earth, 20 to 30 kg of coconut powder, 4 to 6 kg of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 10 to 20 After stirring the kg of sea shell powder and 3~5 liters of pure water, make the dough a sticky paste; at the end of step 5 (S5), add 30~40 kg of edible starch and stir evenly for 10~15 minutes. After the viscous material becomes a soft and easy-to-form dough-like object, it is produced by a conventional particle forming machine by extrusion to form 2 to 5.5 mm. After the granular material, use any commercially available drying machine to warm the machine to 35~45°C, and dry it with hot air of 55~65°C at a processing capacity of about 70~80 kg/hr. Work to remove moisture and complete the process of shaping the particulate matter.

The method for preparing a solid soil pH value conditioning agent of the present invention as disclosed in the first embodiment is suitable for use in the case where the selected sea shell is a powder; however, those skilled in the art are aware of the soil acid and alkali disclosed herein by using the present invention. Value conditioner ingredients, alternatively using sea shell granules Work. In view of this, slightly different from step 4 (S4) and step 5 (S5) of Fig. 1, it is necessary to add the sea shell granules selected therein, as shown in Fig. 2, to step 5 (S5' In the middle, in other words, after step 1 (S1) to step 3 (S3), only 10 to 15 kg of diatomaceous earth, 20 to 30 kg of coconut powder, 4 to 6 kg of ethylene are added in step 4 (S4'). After stirring with amine tetraacetic acid and 3~5 liters of pure water, the dough is made into a paste, and in step 5 (S5'), 10-20 kg of sea shell granules and 30-40 kg of edible starch are added. After uniformly stirring for 10 to 15 minutes to make the paste into a soft and easy-to-form dough, a pelletized material of 2 to 5.5 mm is produced by extrusion using a conventional pellet molding machine. Use any commercially available drying machine to warm the machine to 35~45°C, and use a hot air of 55~65°C to dry the water with a processing capacity of about 70~80kg/hr to remove moisture. Complete the procedure for shaping the granular material.

According to the method disclosed in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, the obtained solid soil pH-based conditioning agent of the present invention comprises 5-10% of sea shells, 5-10% of coconut oil, and 2~3% of citric acid. , carboxymethyl cellulose 5~10%, sodium citrate 15%~20%, sodium bicarbonate 15~20%, diatomaceous earth 10~15%, coconut powder 10~15%, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 2~3% , food-grade raw materials such as pure water 3~5% and edible starch 15~20%, to release at least 11 alkali values in the soil, and quickly and effectively improve the acidified soil, and promote the root development and increase of crops Absorptive capacity allows crops to germinate and grow rapidly, shortening harvest time and increasing yield.

In order to demonstrate the significant advancement characteristics of the solid-state soil pH-based conditioning agent of the present invention in industrial utilization, the following will exemplify the conditioning agent obtained by the inventor according to the method of Figure 1, which is actually applied to planting osmanthus trees, tea trees and small plants separately. After the extremely strong acidity (pH 4.5-5.0) of three different kinds of crops such as Chinese cabbage, the pH value of each day was measured after one week.

Example 1 (EX.#1) is a sweet-scented osmanthus tree of about 70 cm each of three trees. The soil was planted in a soil area of 3.3 m 2 and the pH of the soil was measured to be 4.6 using a pH-707 model of the commercially available TECPEL brand name. Generally speaking, sweet-scented osmanthus trees are usually suitable for planting in soils with a pH of 5.5-6.5.

On the first day (1 ^st Day), 15 grams of the solid soil pH-based conditioning agent of the present invention was first uniformly stirred in the soil, and the water was sufficiently poured to the soil to be wet; then, the soil was measured at the pH-707 amount. The pH was 5.0, and the three sweet-scented osmanthus trees were planted separately in the soil. On the second day (2 ^nd Day), the pH of the soil was measured to be 5.5. The soil conditioner was still in the form of granules, and was not completely dissolved in the soil, and was watered with appropriate amount; at this time, the three osmanthus flowers There is no major change in the appearance of the tree, and the tree remains at the same height. On the third day (3 ^rd Day), the pH of the soil measured by pH-707 was 6.1. It was observed that the soil conditioner had been decomposed into powder and still watered with an appropriate amount of water; the leaves of the three osmanthus trees no longer drooped. And the phenomenon of upward straightness, the tree height has grown to 70.5, 70.6 and 70.5 cm respectively. Day 4 (4 ^th Day), the pH-707 measured quantity of soil pH of 6.8, which was observed already decomposed soil conditioner, and encroaching the soil, watering and then appropriate amount of water; osmanthus leaf-section of the three Oil green, with small sprouts growing, the tree height has grown to 71.2, 71.4 and 71.0 cm respectively. On the 5th day (5 ^th Day), the pH of the soil was measured at pH 7.0, and the soil conditioner was observed to have decomposed and gradually infiltrated into the soil, and then watered with an appropriate amount of water; the leaves of the three osmanthus leaves were Oil green, the growing sprouts began to grow, small sprouts still grow, and the number of flowering of the trees increased, the tree height was 72.3, 72.5 and 72.3 cm respectively. On the 6th day (6 ^th Day), the pH of the soil was measured to be 7.2. The soil conditioner was decomposed and infiltrated into the soil, and then water was poured into the soil; the leaves of the three sweet-scented osmanthus leaves were still green. The sprouts that grew before continued to grow, the small sprouts grew, and the number of flowers in the trees was also high, with tree heights of 72.8, 73.3, and 73.9 cm, respectively. On the 7th day (7 ^th Day), the pH of the soil was measured to be 7.2. The soil conditioner was completely decomposed into the soil and then watered with an appropriate amount of water; the leaves of the three osmanthus leaves were still oil green. The sprouts that grew before continued to grow, the small sprouts grew, and the number of flowers in the trees increased. The height of the trees was 73.5, 74.2 and 74.6 cm respectively.

This example demonstrates that the extremely strong acidic soil after using the solid soil pH-based conditioning agent of the present invention can make plants absorb more nutrients, increase chlorophyll production, control defoliation, increase growth rate, and increase flowering. Quantity and shortening of flowering period.

Example 2 (EX.#2) Five tea trees have been planted in a soil area of 4.32 square meters (1.2 m x 3.6 m), and the pH of the soil is still measured by the pH-707 type soil type pH meter. It is 4.5, but the current status of each tea tree is rusted and there are erythema on the leaves, which will easily lead to poor quality of the tea and reduce the harvest. Generally speaking, tea trees are usually suitable for planting in soils with a pH of 4.5-5.5.

On the first day (1 ^st Day), about 20 grams of the solid soil pH-based conditioning agent of the present invention was first applied to each tea tree, and the application method was at the root of each tea tree, and two excavations were about 5 For wells of ~10 cm, add 10-15 g of conditioning agent to each well, cover the well with soil, and adequately water the soil until the soil is wet; then, the pH of the soil is 5.0 as measured by the pH-707. On the second day (2 ^nd Day), the pH of the soil was measured to be 6.0, and the soil conditioner was still granulated, and was not completely dissolved in the soil, and was watered with appropriate amount; at this time, the five tea trees were There has been no major change in appearance. On the third day (3 ^rd Day), the pH of the soil measured by pH-707 was 6.5. It was observed that the soil conditioner had been decomposed into powder and still watered with an appropriate amount of water; the leaves of the five tea trees no longer drooped. And it shows a straight upward trend. Day 4 (4 ^th Day), the pH-707 measured quantity of soil pH of 6.7, which was observed already decomposed soil conditioner, and encroaching the soil, watering and then appropriate amount of water; the five-section tea leaves Oil green, small sprouts grow, and the surface of the rust has fallen a lot, and the leaf erythema of the tea tree begins to decrease. Day 5 (5 ^th Day), pH of the pH-707 measured quantity of soil is 7.0, which was observed already decomposed soil conditioner, and encroaching the soil, watering and then appropriate amount of water; the five green leaf tea tree Oil As the surface becomes larger, the sprouts that grow out begin to grow, and small sprouts still grow, and the phenomenon of leaf erythema on the trees has been reduced, and the leaf surface of the rust continues to fall. On the 6th day (6 ^th Day), the pH of the soil was measured to be 7.2. The soil conditioner was decomposed and infiltrated into the soil, and then watered with an appropriate amount of water; the five tea tree oils were greenish When it grows bigger, the sprouts that grow in the past continue to grow, the small sprouts grow, and the number of leaves of the tea increases, and the erythema phenomenon hardly reappears. On the 7th day (7 ^th Day), the pH of the soil measured by pH-707 was 7.2. It was observed that the soil conditioner had been completely decomposed into the soil and then watered with an appropriate amount of water; the leaves of the five tea leaves were still oil green. The sprouts that grow in the past continue to grow, and the small sprouts grow, and the number of leaves grows about 5-10%, and almost no erythema and rust leaves are visible.

This embodiment demonstrates that the extremely strong acidic soil after using the solid soil pH-based conditioning agent of the present invention can make the leaf oil green and healthy, and can effectively prevent the occurrence of leaf rust, and at the same time, promote the rapid germination and growth of the crop. The harvest time can be shortened and the yield can be increased.

Example 3 (EX.#3) Chinese cabbage has been planted in a soil area of 6 square meters (2 meters x 3 meters) for 14 days, and the soil is measured by the pH-707 type soil type pH meter. The pH is 4.7. Generally speaking, Chinese cabbage is usually suitable for planting in soil with a pH of 5.6-6.5.

On the first day (1 ^st Day), 73 grams of the solid soil pH conditioning agent of the present invention was uniformly sprinkled on the soil, and the water was sufficiently poured to the soil to be wet; after that, the soil was measured by the pH-707 amount. The pH is 5.2. On the second day (2 ^nd Day), the pH of the soil was measured to be 5.8. The soil conditioner was still in the form of granules, and was not completely dissolved in the soil, and was watered in an appropriate amount; at this time, the cabbage was visually observed. There has been no major change. On the third day (3 ^rd Day), the pH of the soil measured by the pH-707 was 6.2. It was observed that most of the soil conditioner had been decomposed into powder, but there were still a few particles present, and the appropriate amount of water was still re-irrigated; the cabbage The leaves are straight and have sprouts growing. Day 4 (4 ^th Day), the amount of pH-707 pH 6.8 as measured by the soil, the soil conditioner observed already decomposed and encroaching the soil, watering and then appropriate amount of water; leaving it glossy dark green leaves of the cabbage, Continue to increase growth. Day 5 (5 ^th Day), pH of the pH-707 measured quantity of soil is 7.0, which was observed already decomposed soil conditioner, and encroaching the soil, watering and then appropriate amount of water; glossy dark green foliage of the cabbage It is quite tall and tall. On the 6th day (6 ^th Day), the pH of the soil was measured to be 7.2. The soil conditioner was decomposed and infiltrated into the soil, and then water was poured into the soil; the cabbage oil was greened and changed. Large, and the number of leaves increased. On the 7th day (7 ^th Day), the pH of the soil was measured to be 7.3. The soil conditioner was completely decomposed into the soil and then watered with an appropriate amount of water; the cabbage leaves were still oil green, each Cabbage is rich and the number is increased, and the number of leaves is about 10-15%, and there are almost no visible pests and leaves.

This embodiment demonstrates that the extremely strong acidic soil after using the solid soil pH-based conditioning agent of the present invention can promote the development of the roots of crops in a short period of time, increase the absorption capacity, and the stems become thick and strong, increasing the support of the crops. Therefore, the harvest time is shorter and the output is increased.

In summary, the solid soil pH value adjusting agent of the present invention and the preparation method thereof are an organic soil optimizing material, and have an alkaline value of at least 11.0 released in the soil, which can effectively and rapidly improve the acidification phenomenon of the soil and promote The roots of crops are developed, and the absorption capacity is increased, so that rapid germination and growth, shortening the harvest time, and increasing the yield can be applied to flowers, fruit trees, crops and potted plants. , is a new invention with high industrial utilization.

Claims (10)

The utility model relates to a solid soil pH value adjusting agent, which comprises: 5~10% sea shell, 5~10% high plant nutrient element oil, 2~3% citric acid, 5~10% emulsified tackifier, 矽Sodium 15%~20%, sodium bicarbonate 15~20%, diatomaceous earth 10~15%, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 2~3%, high content plant nutrient element powder 10~15%, pure water 3~5% and A food-grade raw material component having a weight ratio of 15 to 20% of the powder for molding. For example, the solid soil pH-based conditioning agent of claim 1 wherein the sea shell is a chitin-rich shell powder and rapidly releases at least 11 base values in the soil. For example, the solid soil pH-based conditioning agent of the first application of the patent scope, wherein the high content of plant nutrient element oil and the high content of plant nutrient element powder are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. For example, the solid soil pH agent of claim 3, wherein the high content of the plant nutrient element oil is coconut oil or palm oil. For example, the solid soil pH value conditioner of claim 3, wherein the high content of the plant nutrient element powder is coconut powder or palm powder. For example, the solid soil pH-based conditioning agent of claim 1 wherein the emulsified tackifier is carboxymethylcellulose. The solid soil pH adjusting agent according to claim 1, wherein the forming powder is edible starch. The solid soil pH adjusting agent of claim 1 is in the form of granules and has a size of 2 to 5.5 mm. The invention relates to a method for preparing a solid soil pH value conditioning agent, comprising the following steps: (S1) pouring a high content of plant nutrient element oil into a bucket for stirring; (S2) adding citric acid and an emulsified tackifier having a weight ratio of 2:3, uniformly stirring, until the high content of the plant nutrient element oil is emulsified and is a creamy foaming aqueous solution; (S3) in the aqueous solution After the frosty foaming condition is stabilized, the same amount of sodium citrate and sodium hydrogencarbonate and a small amount of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid are added, and the mixture is uniformly stirred to form a uniformly dissolved dough; (S4) is added to the diatomaceous earth, and the content is high. The vegetable nutrient element powder, the sea shell powder and the pure water are stirred, and the dough is made into a paste; and (S5) the forming powder is added and stirred to make the paste into a soft and easy-to-form dough. , the process of forming and drying the device. The invention relates to a method for preparing a solid soil pH adjusting agent, comprising the steps of: (S1) pouring a high content of plant nutrient element oil into a barrel for stirring; (S2) adding a weight ratio of 2:3 citric acid and emulsifying increasing The adhesive is evenly stirred until the high content of the plant nutrient element oil is emulsified and is in the form of a creamy foaming aqueous solution; (S3) after the frosty condition of the aqueous solution is stabilized, the same amount of sodium citrate is added. And sodium bicarbonate and a small amount of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, uniformly stirred to form a uniformly dissolved dough; (S4') is added to diatomaceous earth, high content of plant nutrient element powder and pure water, and then stirred to make the dough And a process in which the molding powder and the granular sea shell particles are added to the paste (S5') and stirred to make the paste into a soft and easily formed dough-like object, and then formed and dried by a device.