TWI548734B - Pellet fuel made of biomass and sludge and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

Derived granular fuel of biomass mixed biological sludge and preparation method thereof

The present invention relates to a derivative particulate fuel and a preparation method thereof, and more particularly to a derivative particulate fuel of a biomass mixed biological sludge and a preparation method thereof.

With the advancement of technology, the demand and consumption of energy is increasing. However, the accumulation of fossil fuels is limited and its cost is increasing year by year. Therefore, the development and utilization of renewable energy has become the subject of research and development in various countries.

The particulate fuel is a new type of fuel that is a solid fuel for renewable energy. In general, the main raw material of the particulate fuel is a raw material (such as a plant or its waste). After the steps of crushing, drying and granulating, the fluffy raw material is made into a dense granular shape, and the volume of the raw material is greatly reduced, under the same volume. It can store more heat energy, improve the combustion efficiency of raw materials, facilitate transportation and storage, and has the advantage of low pollution. At present, particulate fuel has been widely used in heating systems of various industrial equipment or public facilities, such as boilers, as an alternative fuel. Due to the high energy return on fuel pellets, it is expected that the future market demand for pellet fuel will increase significantly.

Environmental technology is also one of the areas where countries are now focusing on development. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) is a technology that uses waste to be fueled by different treatment processes. It can not only reduce waste, but also can be used as an alternative fuel. To achieve the purpose of energy saving and carbon reduction.

On the other hand, as the sewage sewer penetration rate gradually increases, the biological sludge generated by the sewage treatment plant also increases. The biological sludge is the main waste of the sewage treatment plant. It is the waste generated by the various waste water in the sewage sewer that is deposited on the bottom and processed after the artificial purification of water. However, as production has increased year by year, the subsequent treatment of biological sludge has become an increasingly important issue. At present, the treatment methods of biological sludge are mainly landfill method and composting method. Among them, the buried method requires the problem of landfill site and subsequent site utilization. The composting law is less decontamination. As for other advanced methods, it is too expensive to process. practical.

Therefore, how to reduce the amount of biological sludge at a lower cost and to make solid-state derivative fuels with higher calorific value and convenient storage and transportation is a problem that has yet to be solved.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a derivative particulate fuel of biomass mixed biological sludge and a preparation method thereof, which can greatly reduce and decompose biological sludge in a lower cost manner, and fuel waste to achieve effective resource reuse.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a derivative particulate fuel of biomass mixed biological sludge and a method for preparing the same, which can be used as a substitute fuel for various heating devices, and can be made into a solid derivative fuel with high unit heat energy and convenient for storage and transportation. And can achieve the purpose of energy saving and carbon reduction.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a derivative particulate fuel of biomass mixed biological sludge and a preparation method thereof, which can be used to produce various derivative fuels with higher calorific value and lower ash according to the use requirement, and the manufacturing cost thereof is low. The energy consumption of the manufacturing process is low, easy In mass production.

In order to achieve the above purposes, one of the broader aspects of the present invention provides a method for preparing a biomass fuel-derived biomass sludge, which comprises the steps of: (a) providing biological sludge, wherein the dry heat value of the biological sludge The system is between 2400 calories per gram to 3900 calories per gram; (b) providing biomass and crushing the biomass; (c) mixing the biological sludge with the biomass to form a mixture; and (d) mixing the mixture The material is pressed into a plurality of derivative particulate fuels.

In order to achieve the above object, another broad aspect of the present invention provides a derivative particulate fuel of biomass mixed biological sludge, which comprises a biomass and a biological sludge having a calorific value of from 2400 calories to 3900 calories per gram. Wherein the biological sludge and the biomass are mixed into a mixture, and the mixture is compressed into a plurality of derivative particulate fuels.

S11~S14‧‧‧Prototypes of biological sludge mixed biological fuels

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a flow chart of a process for producing a granulated fuel of bio-mixed biological sludge of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a flow chart showing the preparation of the derivative particulate fuel of the biomass mixed biological sludge according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Some exemplary embodiments embodying the features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in the following description. It is to be understood that the present invention is capable of various modifications in the various aspects of the present invention, and the description and drawings are intended to be illustrative and not limiting.

Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a flow chart of a method for preparing a derivative particulate fuel of bio-mixed biological sludge according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Derivation of bio-mixed biological sludge in this case The method for preparing the particulate fuel comprises the following steps: First, as shown in step S11, the biological sludge is supplied, and the biological sludge is subjected to dehydration treatment. In this embodiment, the biological sludge is a raw biological sludge produced by a sewage treatment plant, and there is no need to carry out a pretreatment step of increasing the calorific value thereof, wherein the dry heat value of the biological sludge is between 2400 calories/ Gram to 3900 calories / gram (10.1 仟 joule / gram to 16.3 仟 joule / gram). The water content of the biological sludge after dehydration is preferably from 30% to 40%. Thereafter, as shown in step S12, a biomass is supplied, and the biomass is subjected to a crushing treatment. In the present embodiment, the biomass comprises woody biomass and herbaceous biomass, wherein the woody biomass is preferably cedar and Chinese fir, but not limited thereto, and the herbaceous material is Miscanthus, rice straw, and cultivated land. Mao, pennisetum, cornstalks are preferred, and not limited to this. The size of the green matter to be crushed is preferably a pore diameter of a pressing die which can pass through a granulator, for example, a length of between 0.8 cm and 4.0 cm, but not limited thereto. Then, as shown in step S13, the biological sludge and the biomass are stirred to uniformly mix the biological sludge and the biomass into a mixture. In the present embodiment, the moisture content of the mixture is preferably between 10% and 25%. The biological sludge is mixed with the biomass at a specific weight percentage, wherein the weight percentage of the biological sludge is [the weight of the biological sludge / (the weight of the biological sludge + the weight of the biomass)] X 100 %, and the specific weight percentage is preferably between 20% and 80%. In other words, the weight percentage of the biological sludge to the biomass is preferably between 20:80 and 80:20. Finally, as shown in step S14, the mixture is placed in a granulator for pressing to form a plurality of derivatized particulate fuels. In the present embodiment, the particle size of the derivatized particulate fuel is preferably from 6 mm to 8 mm, but not limited thereto.

Please refer to the second figure, which is a flow chart of a method for preparing a derivative particulate fuel of bio-mixed biological sludge according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the raw material mixture is manufactured. The main steps of the bio-sludge-derived granule fuel are similar to the embodiment shown in the first figure, and will not be further described herein. However, in step S11 and step S12, the calorific value of the biological sludge and the biomass can be detected. step. In another embodiment, the step of detecting the ash and moisture content of the biological sludge and the biomass is further included in steps S11 and S12. In this embodiment, after step S11 and step S12, step S125 of extracting the derived particulate fuel having the desired target heating value may be further included by detecting the calorific value of the biological sludge and the biomass. For example, if the target calorific value of the derivative pellet fuel suitable for an industrial boiler demand is set to about 3800 cal/g, and the calorific value of the raw material biological sludge is found to be 3230 cal/g, the calorific value of the raw biomass is At 4,350 calories per gram, it can be estimated that the weight percentage of biological sludge to raw material needs to be about 50:50, so that the estimated weight percentage of the biological sludge can be used to carry out the subsequent mixture and the derivative into a derivative. The step of pellet fuel. In some embodiments, in step S125, the calorific value, the ash content, and the moisture content of the biological sludge and the biomass obtained by the detection may be further included, and the derivative particulate fuel or the ash having the desired target calorific value and ash is produced. The step of deriving the particulate fuel of the desired characteristics.

In the present embodiment, the calorific value is obtained by the NIEA R 214.01C method using a thermal bomb calorimeter. The ash is obtained by the method of NIEA R205.01C, wherein the ash represents the ratio of the residue of the test object to the original weight after heating and ashing in the high temperature furnace. The water content can be operated by the CNS452 wood moisture test method, which is to dry the test piece to a constant amount and calculate the percentage loss of the sample after drying. Since these properties and their detection methods are familiar to those skilled in the art, they will not be described again.

In one embodiment, the biomass is cedar, which is a woody plant, and the biological sludge is taken from a sewage treatment plant to produce a derivative particulate fuel of the biological biomass mixed biological sludge of the present invention. Please refer to Table 1, which is based on the difference between biomass and biological sludge. The characteristic table of the derivative granular fuel produced by the ratio, wherein S3W7 represents that the biological sludge accounts for 30% of the total weight, the cedar accounts for 70%; the S5W5 represents that the biological sludge accounts for 50% of the total weight, and the cedar accounts for 50%; S7W3 It means that the biological sludge accounts for 70% of the total weight, and the cedar accounts for 30%. It can be seen from Table 1 that the derivative particulate fuel produced according to the method of the present invention has a better overall density, thereby reducing the cost of storage and transportation. In addition, increasing the weight ratio of biological sludge will reduce the calorific value and increase the ash content. Increasing the weight ratio of cedar will increase the calorific value and reduce the ash. In other words, the characteristics of the biological sludge are low calorific value and high ash, and the cedar is high fever. The value is low ash, and the calorific value and ash content of the biological sludge and the cedar are approximately linear, and the calorific value and ash of the mixture can be derived according to the mixing ratio. Therefore, by the method of the present invention, a derivative particulate fuel having the desired calorific value and ash content can be produced to be applied to a desired heating system such as an industrial boiler. For example, if the ash content of the particulate fuel is too high, the combustion efficiency of the heating system will be lowered, and the subsequent dust discharge treatment problem will be derived, because the desired heating value and ash content can be produced by the method of the present invention. Derivatized particulate fuel to suit the heating system required.

In this embodiment, the biomass-derived biological sludge-derived particulate fuel of the present invention has Preferred Pellet Durability Index (PDI), wherein the particle fastness is tested by the method of ASAE S269.5, which means that the granulated particles retain the integrity of the granules when subjected to external forces to squeeze or tumble. The water content is one of the factors affecting the fastness of the particles. The moisture content of the raw biological sludge is relatively high. In order to make the derived granular fuel have better particle fastness, the primary biological sludge can be preliminarily dehydrated to make the moisture content of the mixture. Between 10% and 25%, the granulated derived particulate fuel will have better particle fastness.

In some embodiments, increasing the temperature of the granulation environment of the blend material helps to increase the fastness of the derivatized particulate fuel. In the present embodiment, the mixture is pressed to form a pelletized fuel at a preferred ambient temperature of 80 degrees Celsius or more, and a plurality of derivative particulate fuels are produced by continuous compression. In the present embodiment, the increase in the ambient temperature during the granulation process melts the protein contained in the biological sludge and the lignin contained in the raw material, and solidifies after cooling to form a cemented state, and has an adhesive effect. In order to make the derived particulate fuel denser and have better particle fastness, the mixture can be pelletized without additional adhesive. Of course, in other embodiments, some adhesives may be added during the granulation process to aid in the formation of the granules and to increase the particle fastness.

In other embodiments, the biomass may be a herbaceous plant, such as rice straw, pennisetum, medusa, corn stalk or miscanthus, and the biological sludge is taken from a sewage treatment plant to produce a hybrid organism of the present invention. Sludge derived pellet fuel. Since the herbaceous biomass has a high calorific value and a low ash property as compared with the biological sludge, the calorific value of the produced derivative pellet fuel can be improved by mixing the biomass into the biological sludge, and the proportion of the ash can be reduced.

According to the concept of this case, the case also provides a derivative of bio-mixed biological sludge. a granular fuel comprising a biomass and a biological sludge having a calorific value of from 2400 calories to 3900 calories per gram, wherein the biological sludge and the biomass are mixed into a mixture, and the mixture is pressed into a plurality of derived particles fuel. The composition, ratio and characteristics of the derived particulate fuel of the biomass-mixed biological sludge in the present invention have been described above and will not be described herein.

In summary, the present invention provides a derivative particulate fuel of biomass mixed biological sludge and a preparation method thereof, which can substantially reduce the amount of biological sludge in a lower cost manner, and fuel the waste to achieve an effective resource. use. In addition, the derivative particulate fuel of the present invention and the preparation method thereof can be made into a solid derivative fuel with high unit heat energy and convenient for storage and transportation, and can be used as an alternative fuel for various heating devices, and can achieve the purpose of energy saving and carbon reduction. Furthermore, the derivative particulate fuel of the present invention and the preparation method thereof can be made into various derivative fuels with higher calorific value and lower ash according to the use requirements, and the manufacturing cost thereof is low, the energy consumption in the manufacturing process is low, and the mass production is easy.

S11~S14‧‧‧Prototypes of biological sludge mixed biological fuels

Claims (7)

A method for preparing a biomass fuel mixed biomass sludge comprises the steps of: (a) providing a biological sludge, and detecting a dry heat value of the biological sludge, so that the dry heat value of the biological sludge is (2) providing a raw material, detecting a dry heat value of the raw material, and subjecting the raw material to a crushing treatment; (c) setting a target dry heat value, Comparing the biological sludge with the raw material according to the dry heat obtained by the detection, and mixing the mixture into a mixed material; and (d) continuously pressing the mixture at a temperature above 80 degrees Celsius to form a plurality of derivatives The particulate fuel, the plurality of derived particulate fuels are brought to the target dry heat value. The method for preparing a granulated fuel of a biomass-mixed biological sludge according to claim 1, wherein in the step (a), the step of subjecting the biological sludge to a dehydration treatment is further included. The method for preparing a derivative particulate fuel of a biomass-mixed biological sludge according to claim 1, wherein in the step (b), the length of the biomass produced by the crushing is between 0.8 cm and 4 cm. between. The method for preparing a derivative particulate fuel of a biomass mixed biological sludge according to claim 1, wherein in the step (c), the moisture content of the mixture is between 10% and 25%. The method for preparing a granulated fuel of a biomass-mixed biological sludge according to claim 1, wherein in the step (c), the biological sludge is mixed with the biomass at a specific weight percentage. Where the specific weight percent concentration is between 20% and 80%. The method for preparing a derived particulate fuel of a biomass mixed biological sludge according to claim 1, wherein in the step (d), the mixture is pressed into a plurality of derivative particulate fuels by a pelletizer. A biomass-derived biological sludge-derived particulate fuel, comprising: a biological sludge having a dry basis calorific value of from 2400 calories to 3900 calories per gram; and a biomass; wherein the biological sludge and the biomass are The mass is detected to obtain the dry heat, respectively, and the biological sludge is mixed with the dry heat value of the raw material, and mixed into a mixed material, and the mixture is heated at 80 degrees Celsius or higher. Continuously pressing into a plurality of derivatized particulate fuels, the plurality of derivatized particulate fuels are brought to a target dry basis calorific value.