TWI546115B - Composite nanofibers in the preparation method, the preparation of composite nanofibers , A filter layer and a mask having the filter layer - Google Patents
Composite nanofibers in the preparation method, the preparation of composite nanofibers , A filter layer and a mask having the filter layer Download PDFInfo
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- TWI546115B TWI546115B TW104126827A TW104126827A TWI546115B TW I546115 B TWI546115 B TW I546115B TW 104126827 A TW104126827 A TW 104126827A TW 104126827 A TW104126827 A TW 104126827A TW I546115 B TWI546115 B TW I546115B
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- cyclodextrin
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- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 methyl cyclodextrin Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- CUJVBAPGYBSBHJ-YWBSARSQSA-N 2-[[(1R,3R,5R,6S,8R,10R,11S,13R,15R,16S,18R,20R,21R,23R,25R,26R,28R,30R,31R,33R,35R,36R,37R,38R,39R,40R,41R,42R,43R,44R,45R,46R,47R,48R,49R)-36,38,40,42-tetrakis(carboxymethoxy)-10,15-bis(carboxymethoxymethyl)-37,39,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-decahydroxy-20,25,30,35-tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontan-5-yl]methoxy]acetic acid Chemical group OC[C@H]1O[C@@H]2O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3COCC(O)=O)O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3COCC(O)=O)O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3COCC(O)=O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]4[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]5[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@H]1[C@H](OCC(O)=O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5OCC(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4OCC(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3OCC(O)=O CUJVBAPGYBSBHJ-YWBSARSQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003775 Density Functional Theory Methods 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004750 melt-blown nonwoven Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001337994 Cryptococcus <scale insect> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000191940 Staphylococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000481 chemical toxicant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
- A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
- A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
- A41D13/1192—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres with antimicrobial agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/02—Preparation of spinning solutions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Description
本發明是有關於一種複合奈米纖維的製法，特別是指一種使用包括甲酸溶劑之電紡溶液的製法，以及所製得的複合奈米纖維、濾層體及具有該濾層體之口罩。
隨著科技日新月異及人口密集，造成空氣等環境汙染也越來越嚴重，常見的空氣汙染物除了毒性化學物質以外，還包含粉塵粒子(例如PM2.5及PM10)和細菌等病原體(例如金黃色葡萄球菌、隱球菌、黴菌及病毒)。
習知常使用具有濾層體的口罩或空氣濾芯以阻隔並吸附空氣汙染物，一般是在不織布表面予以靜電處理或添加活性碳吸附劑，藉以達到過濾空氣之效。然而，靜電處理或活性碳不僅價格昂貴且對於各種空氣汙染物的過濾能力仍有待提升。
因此，本發明之第一目的，即在提供一種複合
奈米纖維的製法，能製得直徑較細的複合奈米纖維，且其不需額外施加靜電處理或添加活性碳即可製得具有良好空氣過濾表現的口罩，而能節省製作成本。
於是本發明複合奈米纖維的製法，包含以下步驟：提供一電紡溶液，包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其衍生物、幾丁聚醣、一寡聚體吸附劑及一溶劑，其中，幾丁聚醣與該寡聚體吸附劑可溶解於該溶劑，且該溶劑包括甲酸；及將該電紡溶液透過靜電紡絲形成多個奈米纖維。
因此，本發明之第二目的，即在提供一種如上所述的製法製得的複合奈米纖維，其直徑小於250nm。
因此，本發明之第三目的，即在提供一種濾層體，包含：一基層及一過濾層。該基層為多孔結構。該過濾層設置在該基層上且為多孔隙結構，該過濾層由如上所述的複合奈米纖維堆疊構成。
因此，本發明之第四目的，即在提供一種口罩，包含：一底層、一如上所述的濾層體及一表層。該濾層體鋪設在該底層上。該表層鋪設在該濾層體上。
本發明之功效在於：透過使用甲酸作為溶劑，可製得直徑較細的複合奈米纖維，其堆疊構成的過濾層兼具讓空氣較容易通過及強力阻隔粉塵粒子與細菌的能力，不需額外對該基層施加靜電處理或添加活性碳即可製得具有良好空氣過濾表現的口罩，而能節省製作成本。
以下將就本發明內容進行詳細說明：較佳地，該等奈米纖維是在與一氣體接觸下透
過該靜電紡絲所形成，該氣體包括甲酸蒸氣。透過甲酸蒸氣的接觸，可形成直徑較均勻的紡絲產物，且可有效避免靜電紡絲的過程發生阻塞。更佳地，該氣體的溫度範圍為20~30℃。
較佳地，該電紡溶液還包括一電解質，以增加溶液的導電能力。較佳地，該電解質占該電紡溶液的0.1~3wt%。更佳地，該電解質占該電紡溶液的0.5wt%。較佳地，該電解質是氯化鈉。
較佳地，該寡聚體吸附劑是選自於環糊精、甲基環糊精、羥丙基環糊精、羧甲基環糊精或其組合。在本發明之具體實施例中，該寡聚體吸附劑是羧甲基-β-環糊精(carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin,CM-β-CD)。
較佳地，在該電紡溶液中，幾丁聚醣與聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其衍生物的重量比例範圍為0.1~0.25。若幾丁聚醣與聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其衍生物的重量比例過高或過低皆不易形成纖維。
較佳地，該靜電紡絲的電壓範圍為14~20kV。若電壓小於14kV，由於電斥力不足，容易導致過多的電紡溶液聚集而滴落；若電壓大於20kV，易造成紡絲針頭放電而使靜電紡絲製程中斷。更佳地，該靜電紡絲的電壓範圍為14~15kV。
較佳地，在該靜電紡絲中，該電紡溶液的流速範圍為0.001~0.15mL/min。若流速小於0.001mL/min時，難以有效形成電紡所需的泰勒錐(Taylor cone)；若流速大於
0.15mL/min時，難以得到均勻且連續的紡絲產物。更佳地，在該靜電紡絲中，該電紡溶液的流速範圍為0.015~0.1mL/min。
較佳地，該靜電紡絲的操作環境溫度為15℃以上且低於30℃。若操作環境溫度在30℃以上，容易使該電紡溶液中的溶劑揮發過快，而難以得到均勻且完整的紡絲產物。在本發明之較佳實施例中，該靜電紡絲的操作環境溫度為28℃。
當該複合奈米纖維直徑不小於500nm時，該濾層體對於粉塵粒子的過濾效果較差。較佳地，該複合奈米纖維的直徑小於250nm。
較佳地，該濾層體之過濾層的平均孔隙大小為10nm至1μm。小於10nm之孔隙會導致空氣較不容易通過口罩，而大於1μm之孔隙則會使其對於粉塵粒子的過濾效果降低。
較佳地，該過濾層的厚度為200nm至5μm。厚度小於200nm時，粉塵粒子的過濾效果差，而厚度大於5μm時，空氣較不容易通過口罩，會使空氣阻抗率過高而對呼吸造成阻力。更佳地，該過濾層的厚度為500nm至1μm。
較佳地，將該底層、該濾層體及該表層相互貼合，並將該底層的周邊翻摺固定，形成一整體，該口罩還包含二耳掛，該等耳掛分別裝設於該整體的兩相反短側邊。
2‧‧‧濾層體
21‧‧‧基層
22‧‧‧過濾層
3‧‧‧底層
4‧‧‧表層
5‧‧‧耳掛
本發明之其他的特徵及功效，將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現，其中：圖1是一側視圖，說明本發明濾層體的實施例；圖2是一掃描式電子顯微鏡照片，說明本發明濾層體的外觀；及圖3是一立體分解圖，說明本發明應用例的口罩。
本發明將就以下實施例來作進一步說明，但應瞭解的是，該實施例僅為例示說明之用，而不應被解釋為本發明實施之限制。
實施例
參閱圖1，本發明濾層體2的實施例包含一基層21及一過濾層22。該基層21為多孔結構。在以下實施例中，該基層21採用聚丙烯熔噴不織布。
<實施例1>
[電紡溶液配製]
將0.5g羧甲基-β-環糊精(CM-β-CD，根據Zhanhua Huang等人在Carbohydrate Polymers,2012,88,609-617中揭示的方法合成)、0.5g幾丁聚醣、2.0g聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA，購自於CHONEYE PURE CHEMICAL，重量平均分子量為120,000)及25mL甲酸混合，以磁石攪拌1天至均勻溶解，得到一電紡溶液S1。
[靜電紡絲]
以一玻璃注射針筒承裝上述電紡溶液S1，將該針筒透過聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)管連接一不鏽鋼針頭，並裝設在一微型泵上。於該不鏽鋼針頭提供高壓電，使該電紡溶液S1進行靜電紡絲，並以一聚丙烯熔噴不織布收集所形成的紡絲產物E1，以使該紡絲產物在該不織布(基層21)上堆疊構成一過濾層22。靜電紡絲操作參數設定如下：電壓為15kV，流速為0.015mL/min，環境溫度為28℃，該不鏽鋼針頭出口與該不織布距離為12cm。
<實施例2~7>
實施例2~7之電紡溶液S2~S7的配製方法與實施例1類似，不同之處在於將PMMA的用量分別改變為2.5g、3g、3.5g、4g、4.5g、5g。在進行上述靜電紡絲後分別得到紡絲產物E2~E7。
[掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察]
利用掃描式電子顯微鏡觀察實施例4得到的過濾層22，結果如圖2所示，顯示紡絲產物E4為奈米尺度的纖維。
以ImageJ軟體統測分析並計算圖2中奈米纖維的直徑(取樣20次)，結果顯示紡絲產物E4的平均直徑為200nm。
[孔隙測試]
以前述靜電紡絲法製備測試樣品。其中，採用一接地的鐵絲網取代該基層21，直接用該鐵絲網收集所形
成的紡絲產物，獲得測試樣品。
採用氮氣等溫吸附/脫附儀(BET；型號為QUANTACHROME，Autosorb-1)測定孔隙。測試樣品先經30℃且壓力為1×10-5mmHg的狀態下抽真空除氣處理12小時後，再置於儀器中進行吸/脫附的實驗，實驗後所測得的平衡吸附量，經由BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)方程式計算而得知比表面積(m2/g)，並於不同相對壓力(P/P0)下測得樣品的吸附量，再分別用BJH(Barrett-Joyner-Halenda method)與DFT(Density Functional Theory method)之方法計算中孔(mesopore)與微孔(micropore)的孔徑分布。此計算方法屬於習知，在此不予贅述。
經測試本實施例E1~E7之樣品孔隙，皆落於10nm至1μm之間。藉由調整電紡溶液與靜電紡絲之操作，可進一步控制孔隙大小。
應用例
參閱圖3，本發明的應用例為一口罩。該口罩包含一底層3、一濾層體2及一表層4。該底層3是防水層，具有防止飛沫沾染的效用。該濾層體2即為上述實施例4所製得的濾層體，並鋪設在該底層3上。該表層4是吸水層，鋪設在該濾層體2上。
將前述三層相互貼合，並將該底層3的周邊翻摺，再採用熱熔貼合或縫紉固定，形成一整體，並於兩相反短側邊分別裝設耳掛5，形成該口罩。
[空氣阻抗率&粉塵粒子穿透率測試]
依據NIOSH N95標準測試空氣阻抗率及粉塵粒子穿透率。其中空氣阻抗率以壓差來表示，較低的壓差代表空氣較容易通過口罩。粉塵粒子穿透率以百分比表示，較低的粉塵粒子穿透率代表口罩的阻隔粉塵粒子的能力較強。
本應用例之口罩的空氣阻抗率低於20mm-H2O，顯示其具有較低的呼吸阻力。而對於粒徑300nm之粒子穿透率在1.6%以下，顯示其具有極佳的過濾效果。良好的口罩應具備呼吸阻力小及過濾效果佳之優點，因此，對比N95型口罩之要求(阻抗率為25mm-H2O以下、粒徑300nm之粒子穿透率為5%以下)，本發明之口罩具有更低的呼吸阻力及更佳的過濾效果。
[細菌過濾效率測試]
依據CNS 14775 T4037-2003測試細菌過濾效率，使用金黃色葡萄球菌(ATCC 6538)生物氣霧，平均粒徑為2.9μm，測試面積為39.5cm2。細菌過濾效率以百分比表示，較高的細菌過濾效率代表細菌較不易通過口罩。
本應用例之口罩的細菌過濾效率達99.54%(5重複平均值，對照組的平均菌落數為2229 CFU)，顯示其具有良好的細菌阻隔效果。
[紡織品抗菌性測試]
依據美國AATCC 100(2012年版)紡織品抗菌性測試減菌率，測試菌種為金黃色葡萄球菌。減菌率以百分比表示，較高的減菌率代表紡織品的抗菌效果較佳。
本應用例之口罩的減菌率高於99.9%，顯示其具有極佳的抗菌效果。
綜上所述，本發明複合奈米纖維的製法藉由使用甲酸作為電紡溶液的溶劑，可製得直徑較細的複合奈米纖維，其堆疊構成該過濾層22以製成的口罩具有較低的空氣阻抗率、粉塵粒子穿透率及較高的細菌過濾效率，不需額外對該基層21施加靜電處理或添加活性碳即可製得，而能節省製作成本，故確實能達成本發明之目的。
惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。
2‧‧‧濾層體
21‧‧‧基層
22‧‧‧過濾層
Claims (10)
- 一種複合奈米纖維的製法，包含以下步驟：提供一電紡溶液，包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其衍生物、幾丁聚醣、一寡聚體吸附劑及一溶劑，其中，幾丁聚醣與該寡聚體吸附劑可溶解於該溶劑，且該溶劑包括甲酸；及將該電紡溶液透過靜電紡絲形成多個奈米纖維。
- 如請求項1所述的製法，其中，該寡聚體吸附劑是選自於環糊精、甲基環糊精、羥丙基環糊精、羧甲基環糊精或其組合。
- 如請求項1所述的製法，其中，在該電紡溶液中，幾丁聚醣與聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯或其衍生物的重量比例範圍為0.1~0.25。
- 如請求項1所述的製法，其中，該靜電紡絲的電壓範圍為14~20kV。
- 如請求項1所述的製法，其中，在該靜電紡絲中，該電紡溶液的流速範圍為0.001~0.15mL/min。
- 一種如請求項1所述的製法製得的複合奈米纖維，其直徑小於250nm。
- 一種濾層體，包含：一基層，該基層為多孔結構；及一過濾層，設置在該基層上且為多孔隙結構，該過濾層由如請求項6所述的複合奈米纖維堆疊構成。
- 如請求項7所述的濾層體，其中，該過濾層的平均孔隙 大小為10nm至1μm。
- 一種口罩，包含：一底層；一如請求項7所述的濾層體，鋪設在該底層上；及一表層，鋪設在該濾層體上。
- 如請求項9所述的口罩，其中，將該底層、該濾層體及該表層相互貼合，並將該底層的周邊翻摺固定，形成一整體，該口罩還包含二耳掛，該等耳掛分別裝設於該整體的兩相反短側邊。
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