TWI544614B - 互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置與其形成方法 - Google Patents
互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置與其形成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI544614B TWI544614B TW103146492A TW103146492A TWI544614B TW I544614 B TWI544614 B TW I544614B TW 103146492 A TW103146492 A TW 103146492A TW 103146492 A TW103146492 A TW 103146492A TW I544614 B TWI544614 B TW I544614B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 82
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 129
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 80
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- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
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- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000673 Indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FTWRSWRBSVXQPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynearsane;gallanylidynearsane Chemical compound [As]#[Al].[As]#[Ga] FTWRSWRBSVXQPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KXNLCSXBJCPWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ga].[As].[In] Chemical compound [Ga].[As].[In] KXNLCSXBJCPWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEPICIBPGDWCRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Hf] Chemical compound [Si].[Hf] CEPICIBPGDWCRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILCYGSITMBHYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si]=O.[Hf] Chemical compound [Si]=O.[Hf] ILCYGSITMBHYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJGDITRVXRPLBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum indium Chemical compound [Al].[In] AJGDITRVXRPLBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium phosphide Chemical compound [Ga]#P HZXMRANICFIONG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQXQADNTSSMHJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+) oxygen(2-) tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Ta+5].[Hf+4] ZQXQADNTSSMHJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQHQLIAOAVMAOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+) oxygen(2-) zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Zr+4].[Hf+4] KQHQLIAOAVMAOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUVFGOLWQIXGBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Hf+4] KUVFGOLWQIXGBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPYVAWXEWQSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium antimonide Chemical compound [Sb]#[In] WPYVAWXEWQSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium arsenide Chemical compound [In]#[As] RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethylhydrazine Chemical compound CNN HDZGCSFEDULWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/028—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
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- H01L31/0336—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, semiconductor materials provided for in two or more of groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/032 in different semiconductor regions, e.g. Cu2X/CdX hetero- junctions, X being an element of Group VI of the Periodic Table
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- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
Description
本揭露係有關於一種半導體裝置,且特別有關於一種影像感測裝置(CIS)與其形成方法。
積體電路(IC)的技術不斷地進展。這樣的進展通常涉及元件尺寸的縮小,以達到較低製作成本、較高元件集成密度、較高速度與較佳性能表現。隨著尺寸降低會伴隨優點,可直接改良積體電路(IC)裝置。其中之一種積體電路(IC)裝置是影像感測裝置(image sensor device)。影像感測裝置包括畫素陣列(pixel array),用於偵測光線與紀錄所測得之光線強度。畫素陣列反應光線所累積之電荷,越亮的光,電荷越多。電荷接著可被(例如被其他電路)使用,以提供色彩與亮度,其可使用於合適的應用,例如數位相機。常見的畫素格柵(pixel grid)包括電荷耦合(charge-coupled device,CCD)影像感測裝置或互補式金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)影像感測裝置。
影像感測裝置一般包括感光區域於半導體材料中,半導體材料能將光子轉變成電能。感光區域一般形成於半導體材料中,藉由佈植製程以形成p-i-n介面或p-n介面。在感
光區域中的半導體材料之形成通常部份地由鍺所形成,除了矽之外。影像感測裝置之操作效能受到感光區域中的半導體材料的特性所影響。影像感測裝置之性能表現會受到電子與缺陷,例如在表面的懸浮鍵(dangling bonds)結合而受影響。因此,亟需改善影像感測裝置之操作效能與性能表現。
本揭露提供一種互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置。裝置包括一半導體區域具有一前表面與一後表面;一感光區域在該半導體區域中從該前表面延伸朝向該後表面;一閘極堆疊形成於該半導體區域之上;以及至少一磊晶保護層設置於該感光區域之上或之下其中至少之一。在一些實施例中,至少一磊晶保護層包括p型摻雜矽層。
本揭露亦提供一種互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置。方法包括提供一裝置前驅物,該裝置前驅物包括一半導體區域位於一基板之上、以及一感光區域從該半導體區域之一前表面延伸朝向一背表面;形成一前側吸收層於該感光區域中位於該前表面之下;以及使用低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)磊晶形成一前側保護層於該前側吸收層之上。在一些實施例中,該前側保護層包括p型摻雜矽層。
本揭露又提供一種互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置之形成方法。方法包括提供一裝置前驅物,該裝置前驅物包括一半導體區域位於基板上、以及一感光區域在該半導體區域中之一前表面延伸至一背表面;形成一前側吸收層於該感光區域中;磊晶成長一前側保護層於該前側吸收層之上;對
該基板進行一薄化製程;形成一背側吸收層於該半導體區域中位於該背表面下;以及磊晶成長一背側保護層於該背側吸收層之上。在一些實施例中,該前側保護層與該背側保護層之中至少之一包括摻雜硼之矽層。
100‧‧‧互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置
102‧‧‧基板
104‧‧‧半導體區域
106‧‧‧感光區域
108‧‧‧隔離區域
110‧‧‧閘極堆疊
112‧‧‧閘極氧化層
114‧‧‧閘極電極層
116‧‧‧閘極間隙壁
120‧‧‧前表面
122‧‧‧背表面
200‧‧‧影像感測裝置(CIS device)
202‧‧‧前側保護層
250‧‧‧影像感測裝置(CIS device)
252‧‧‧前側吸收層
280‧‧‧影像感測裝置(CIS device)
300‧‧‧影像感測裝置(CIS device)
302‧‧‧背側保護層
350‧‧‧影像感測裝置(CIS device)
352‧‧‧背側吸收層
400‧‧‧影像感測裝置(CIS device)
450‧‧‧影像感測裝置(CIS device)
452‧‧‧背側隔離區域
500‧‧‧方法
502‧‧‧提供包括基板之裝置前驅物,半導體區域形成於基板上,感光區域位於半導體區域中,以及閘極堆疊形成於半導體區域之上
504‧‧‧形成前側吸收層
506‧‧‧使用低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)形成磊晶前側保護層於前側吸收層之上
508‧‧‧移除基板
510‧‧‧形成背側吸收層
512‧‧‧使用低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)形成磊晶背側保護層於背側吸收層之上
根據以下的詳細說明並配合所附圖式做完整揭露。應注意的是,根據本產業的一般作業,圖示並未必按照比例繪製。事實上,可能任意的放大或縮小元件的尺寸,以做清楚的說明。
第1圖顯示依據本揭露之實施例之互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置(complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor device)之剖面圖。
第2A-2C、3A-3B、4A-4B圖顯示依據本揭露之實施例之包括一或多層保護層之影像感測裝置之剖面圖。
第5圖顯示依據本揭露之實施例之形成一或多種保護層於影像感測裝置中之方法之流程圖。
以下的揭露內容提供許多不同的實施例或範例以實施本案的不同特徵。以下的揭露內容敘述各個構件及其排列方式的特定範例,以簡化說明。當然,這些特定的範例並非用以限定。例如,若是本揭露書敘述了一第一特徵形成於一第二特徵之上或上方,即表示其可能包含上述第一特徵與上述第二特徵是直接接觸的實施例,亦可能包含了有附加特徵形成於上述第一特徵與上述第二特徵之間,而使上述第一特徵與第二特
徵可能未直接接觸的實施例。另外,以下揭露書不同範例可能重複使用相同的參考符號及/或標記。這些重複係為了簡化與清晰的目的,並非用以限定所討論的不同實施例及/或結構之間有特定的關係。
此外,其與空間相關用詞。例如“在...下方”、“下方”、“較低的”、“上方”、“較高的”及類似的用詞,係為了便於描述圖示中一個元件或特徵與另一個(些)元件或特徵之間的關係。除了在圖式中繪示的方位外,這些空間相關用詞意欲包含使用中或操作中的裝置之不同方位。裝置可能被轉向不同方位(旋轉90度或其他方位),則在此使用的空間相關詞也可依此相同解釋。
第1圖顯示依據本揭露之實施例之互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置(metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor(CIS)device)100之剖面圖。在一些實施例中,互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置100包括基板102。基板102作為犧牲基板,後續會詳細討論其被薄化。互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置100也包括半導體區域104、感光區域106、隔離區域108與閘極堆疊110,如第1圖所示。在一些實施例中,半導體區域104是基板之上部份。
基板102包括半導體材料,例如矽。另外,基板102包括其他元素半導體,例如鍺及/或鑽石;化合物半導體包括碳化矽(silicon carbide)、砷化鎵(gallium arsenic)、磷化鎵(gallium phosphide)、磷化銦(indium phosphide)、砷化銦(indium arsenide)及/或銻化銦(indium antimonide);化合金半導體,例
如矽化鍺(SiGe)、磷砷化鎵(GaAsP)、砷化鋁銦(AlInAs)、砷化鋁鎵(AlGaAs)、砷化鎵銦(GaInAs)、磷化鎵銦(GaInP)、及/或磷砷鎵銦(GaInAsP)或上述之組合。基板102可做為支撐磊晶成長製程,以形成犧牲緩衝層(未顯示)於基板102上。磊晶製程是一種半導體晶體成長至已經存在的半導體材料之上的製程。磊晶成長層一般藉由使用氣體前驅物而得。
互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置100的半導體區域104包括一或多個磊晶成長半導體層。在一些實施例中,半導體區域104包括矽層及/或摻雜磷之矽層。在一些實施例中,半導體區域104包括矽層,以及矽鍺(SiGe)層。在一些實施例中,當半導體區域104包括矽鍺(SiGe)層維持鍺的恆定濃度穿過其整個厚度。在一些實施例中,矽鍺(SiGe)層具有梯度濃度。在一些實施例中,一或多個半導體層依預定程度摻雜摻雜質(dopants),舉例而言,原位(in-situ)摻雜p型或n型摻雜質。在一些實施例中,摻雜質包括硼(B)、磷(P)及/或碳(C)。前驅物氣體用於提供原位(in-situ)摻雜質,摻雜質分別包括乙硼烷(B2H6)、磷化氫(PH3)與甲基矽甲烷(CH3SiH3)。在一些實施例中,半導體區域104具有厚度範圍為約2μm至約3μm。舉例而言,半導體區域104具有厚度範圍為約2.2μm至約2.6μm。
請參見第1圖,互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置100也包括感光區域106,感光區域106從半導體區域104之前側延伸朝向半導體區域104之背側。感光區域106可由佈植製程所形成。在一些實施例中,感光區域106包括p-n介面或p-i-n介面。各種其他組件可連接至感光區域106,舉例而言,電晶
體及/或其他電路元件可連接至感光區域106,以操作調和感光區域106。在如後所述的一些實施例中,,在薄化基板102之後,可曓露感光區域106之背側,且光可以投射至感光區域106之背側。
互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置100也包括隔離區域108,以隔離主動區域。可使用傳統的隔離技術製作隔離區域108,例如淺溝隔離結構(STI),以定義並絕緣各種元件。在一些實施例中,隔離區域108包括氧化矽、氮化矽、氮氧化矽、氣隙、其他合適的材料或上述之組合。隔離區域108由任何合適的製程所形成。舉例而言,淺溝隔離結構(STI)之形成包括微影製程、蝕刻製程以蝕刻出溝槽(例如,藉由使用乾式蝕刻及/或濕式蝕刻),以及沉積製程將一或多種介電材料填充至溝槽中(例如,藉由使用化學氣相沉積法)。在一些實施例中,填充之溝槽可具有多層結構,例如將氮化矽或氧化矽填充於熱氧化襯層。
仍請參見第1圖,互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置100尚包括閘極堆疊110形成於半導體區域104之上。在一些實施例中,閘極堆疊110包括閘極氧化層112、閘極電極層114形成於閘極氧化層112之上,以及閘極間隙壁116沿著閘極氧化層112與閘極電極層114之側壁而形成。在一些實施例中,閘極堆疊110是虛設閘極堆疊110,閘極電極層114包括多晶矽。在一些實施例中,閘極氧化層112及/或閘極電極層114可由一製程所形成,此製程包括沉積製程、微影圖案化製程以及蝕刻製程。在一些實施例中,沉積製程包括化學氣相沉積法
(chemical vapor deposition,CVD)、物理氣相沉積法(physical vapor deposition,PVD)、原子層沉積法(ALD)或其他合適的方法。微影圖案化製程可包括光阻塗佈(photoresist coating)(例如旋轉塗佈)、軟烘烤(soft baking)、光罩對準(mask aligning)、曝光(exposure)、曝光後烘烤(post-exposure)、光阻顯影(developing photoresist)、潤洗、乾燥(例如硬烘烤(hard baking)、其他合適的製程及/或上述之組合。蝕刻製程包括乾式蝕刻、濕式蝕刻及/或其他蝕刻方法。
在一些實施例中,閘極間隙壁116包括介電材料,例如氧化矽。另外,閘極間隙壁116包括氮化矽、碳化矽、氮氧化矽或上述之組合。在一些實施例中,閘極間隙壁116藉由沉積介電材料於閘極堆疊110之上以及接著異向性回蝕刻介電材料而得。
在一些實施例中,在感光區域106中的光致電子(photo-induced electrons)可遷移至半導體區域104之前表面120及/或後表面122,以與缺陷再結合,舉例而言,在表面的懸浮鍵(dangling bonds)。電子的再結合可能會影響互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置的操作效能與性能表現。因此,如第2A-2C圖、第3A-3B圖與第4A-4B圖所示,為了避免電子遷移朝向感光區域106之表面,而與缺陷結合,一或多層保護層可形成於半導體區域104之前表面120及/或後表面122,以製作出電位阻障(potential barriers),以避免電子遷移朝向表面。
第2A圖顯示包括前側保護層202之影像感測裝置(CIS device)200之剖面圖。在一些實施例中,前側保護層202
包括p型摻雜半導體層,例如摻雜硼之矽層。在一些實施例中,在前側保護層202中的p型摻雜質之濃度範圍為約1015原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)至約1021原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)。在一些實施例中,前側保護層202具有厚度範圍為約5奈米(nm)至約100奈米(nm)。在一些較佳的實施例中,前側保護層202具有厚度範圍為約10奈米(nm)至約20奈米(nm)。在一些實施例中,前側保護層202另外摻雜碳,且碳(C)摻雜質可降低硼(B)摻雜質在前側保護層202中的擴散。在一些實施例中,硼(B)摻雜質與碳(C)摻雜質在前側保護層202中的濃度範圍為約1015原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)至約1021原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)。
在一些實施例中,藉由流通前驅物氣體至腔體中,使用原位低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD),以磊晶成長前側保護層202於感光區域106上。在開始進行低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)之前,使用氫氟酸(HF)溶液清潔前驅物裝置之表面。在一些實施例中,使用於低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)之前驅物氣體包括一或多種氣體擇自於下述之群組:氫氣、氯化氫、二氯甲烷(H2SiCl2)、乙硼烷(B2H6)、鍺烷(GeH4)、甲矽烷(SiCH6)、其他合適的氣體及上述之組合。在一些實施例中,於溫度等於或小於750度下進行低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)。在一些實施例中,使用於低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)之壓力為約1Torr至約500Torr。在一些實施例中,於進行低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)之前,形成光罩,以覆蓋閘極堆疊110及/或隔離區域108,使得前側保護層202可成長於感光區域106上的特定區域。在一些實施例中,磊晶成長的前
側保護層202之側壁相鄰於閘極堆疊之側壁,如第2A圖所示。如本揭露所討論之前側保護層202之原位磊晶成長製程可提供具有降低粗糙度之平滑表面介於保護層與感光區域106之間。如本揭露所討論之製程也可提供改善結晶度(crystallinity)的保護層202。
在一些實施例中,磊晶成長的前側保護層202包括一或多個選擇性控制晶體定向(crystal orientations)。舉例而言,在進行低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)期間,當氯化氫(HCl)氣體與二氯甲矽烷(H2SiCl2)之比率介於1:6與1:4之間時,摻雜硼之矽層在前側保護層202之邊緣可展現(001)刻面(facet)。當氯化氫(HCl)氣體與二氯甲矽烷(H2SiCl2)之比率介於1:2.5與1:3.5之間時,摻雜硼之矽層在前側保護層202之邊緣可展現(111)刻面(facet)。摻雜硼之矽層也可展現混合的(001)/(111)刻面。在一些實施例中,摻雜硼之矽層也可展現(311)刻面。
在另外的一些實施例中,前側保護層202包括一或多個具有正電荷之高介電常數(high-k)介電材料,此正電荷能夠引導本質(intrinsic)負電荷。引導的本質負電荷會形成電位能障(potential barrier),以有效阻止電子遷移朝向表面。高介電常數介電材料可包括一或多種材料擇自於下述之群組:氧化鉿(hafnium oxide)、氧化矽鉿(hafnium silicon oxide)、氮氧矽鉿(hafnium silicon oxynitride)、氧化鉿鉭(hafnium tantalum oxide)、氧化鉿鈦(hafnium titanium oxide)、氧化鋯鉿(hafnium zirconium oxide)、氧化鋯(zirconium oxide)、氧化鋁(aluminum
oxide)、氧化鉿-鋁合金(hafnium oxide-alumina alloy)、其他合適之高介電常數介電材料及/或上述之組合。在一些實施例中,可藉由使用合適的沉積方法,例如物理氣相沉積法(PVD)、原子層沉積法(ALD)或濺鍍方法形成高介電常數保護層。
第2B圖顯示包括前側保護層202與前側吸收層252之影像感測裝置(CIS device)250之剖面圖,其中藉由低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)磊晶成長之前側吸收層252介於前側保護層202與感光區域106之間。在開始進行低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)之前,使用氫氟酸(HF)溶液清潔前驅物裝置之表面。在一些實施例中,在形成前側保護層202之前,前側吸收層252磊晶成長於感光區域106之上部份中。在一些實施例中,前側吸收層252包括本質矽鍺層(intrinsic SiGe layer)或n型摻雜之矽鍺層,例如摻雜磷(P)之矽鍺層。在一些實施例中,鍺在矽鍺層中的濃度範圍為約1%至約100%。n型摻雜質,例如磷(P)在摻雜之矽鍺層中的濃度範圍為約1015原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)至約1019原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)。前側吸收層252可以增強紅/近紅外線光譜(red/near infrared(NIR)spectrum)在影像感測裝置(CIS device)250中的光吸收。在一些實施例中,前側吸收層252也可避免在前側保護層202中的摻雜質(例如硼摻雜質)擴散。在一些實施例中,前側保護層202與前側吸收層252之總厚度範圍為約50nm至約200nm。
在一些實施例中,影像感測裝置(CIS device)250可包括具有濃度梯度之多層結構。在一示範的實施例中,多層感光區106/前側吸收層252/前側保護層202如第2B圖所示,可
具有一結構類似磷(P)摻雜矽鍺/矽鍺/硼摻雜矽(SiGe/SiGe/boron(B)doped Si)。在一些實施例中,鍺在磷(P)摻雜矽鍺層中的濃度以及在矽鍺層中的濃度可具有梯度分佈,其中鍺的濃度範圍從約1%增加至約100%,沿著從影像感測裝置(CIS device)250之背側朝向前側之方向延伸。在一些示範的實施例中,在梯度層中的鍺濃度的變化可從範圍為約1%至約10%,從範圍為約30%至約100%,沿著從影像感測裝置(CIS device)250之背側朝向前側之方向延伸。磷(P)摻雜質在摻雜磷之矽鍺層中的濃度範圍為約1015原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)至約1019原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)。本揭露所述具有濃度梯度分佈之多層結構可提升影像感測裝置的操作效能與性能表現。
第2C圖顯示包括前側保護層202與前側吸收層252之影像感測裝置(CIS device)280之剖面圖。第2C圖所示之影像感測裝置280為第2B圖之影像感測裝置250之另一實施例。前側保護層202及/或前側吸收層252可磊晶成長於感光區域106之上。在一些實施例中,在前側吸收層252磊晶成長於感光區域106上之後,對前側吸收層252進行原位(in-situ)或異位(ex-situ)蝕刻製程,使前側吸收層252之上表面低於前表面120。接著,前側保護層202可磊晶成長於前側吸收層252之上,使前側保護層202之上表面可與前表面120大致上共平面(substantially coplanar),如第2C圖所示。
第3A圖顯示包括背側保護層302之影像感測裝置(CIS device)300之剖面圖。在一些實施例中,形成背側保護層302於半導體區域104之背表面122上之前,薄化基板102至移除
基板102之下部份為止,以使主動區域留在影像感測裝置300之中。在一些實施例中,薄化製程包括研磨製程及/或化學機械研磨製程(CMP)。薄化製程可包括一或多個蝕刻製程。在一些實施例中,在薄化基板102之前,載體基板(未顯示)接合至影像感測裝置300之前表面,以在感測裝置300中提供其他材料層之結構性支撐。
在一些實施例中,背側保護層302包括p型摻雜半導體層,例如摻雜硼之矽層。在一些實施例中,p型摻雜質在背側保護層302中的濃度範圍為約1015原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)至約1021原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)。在一些實施例中,背側保護層302具有厚度範圍為約5nm至約100nm。在一些較佳實施例中,背側保護層302具有厚度範圍為約10nm至約20nm。在一些實施例中,背側保護層302尚摻雜碳(C),且碳(C)摻雜質可降低硼(B)摻雜質在背側保護層302中的擴散。在一些實施例中,硼(B)摻雜質與碳(C)摻雜質在背側保護層302中的濃度範圍為約1015原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)至約1021原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)。
在一些實施例中,藉由流通前驅物氣體至腔體中,使用原位(in-situ)低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)磊晶成長背側保護層302於半導體區域104的背表面122上。在開始進行低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)之前,使用氫氟酸(HF)溶液清潔前驅物裝置之表面。在一些實施例中,使用於低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)之前驅物氣體包括一或多種氣體擇自於下述之群組:氫氣、氯化氫、高階矽烷(high-order silane)(例
如丙矽烷(Si3H8))、乙硼烷(B2H6)、鍺烷(GeH4)、甲矽烷(SiCH6)、其他合適的氣體或上述之組合。在一些實施例中,於溫度等於或小於450度下進行低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)。在一些實施例中,使用於低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)之壓力為約1Torr至約500Torr。如前述關於前側保護層202所討論,原位磊晶成長製程可提供具有降低粗糙度之平滑表面,以及提供改善結晶度(crystallinity)的背側保護層302。在一些其他的實施例中,背側保護層302包括一或多個高介電常數介電材料,其大致上類似於前側保護層202之高介電常數介電材料。
第3B圖顯示包括背側保護層302與背側吸收層352之影像感測裝置(CIS device)350之剖面圖,其中藉由低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)磊晶成長之背側吸收層352介於背側保護層302與半導體區域104之間。在開始進行低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)之前,使用氫氟酸(HF)溶液清潔前驅物裝置之表面。在一些實施例中,在形成背側保護層302之前,背側吸收層352磊晶成長於半導體區域104之下部份中。在一些實施例中,背側吸收層352包括本質矽鍺層(intrinsic SiGe layer)或n型摻雜之矽鍺層,例如摻雜磷(P)之矽鍺層。在一些實施例中,鍺在矽鍺層中的濃度範圍為約1%至約100%。n型摻雜質,例如磷(P)在矽鍺層中的濃度範圍為約1015原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)至約1019原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)。背側吸收層352可以增強紅/近紅外線光譜(red/near infrared(NIR)spectrum)在影像感測裝置(CIS device)350中的光吸收。背側吸
收層352也可避免p型摻雜質(例如硼摻雜質)擴散在背側保護層302中。在一些實施例中,背側保護層302與背側吸收層352之總厚度範圍為約50nm至約200nm。在一些實施例中,影像感測裝置350可包括具有濃度梯度分佈之多層結構,大致上類似於本揭露先前所述之影像感測裝置250。
第4A圖顯示包括前側保護層202與背側保護層302之影像感測裝置400之剖面圖。前側保護層202與背側保護層302大致上類似於第2A-2B圖與第3A-3B圖所述之前側保護層202與背側保護層302。
第4B圖顯示包括前側保護層202與背側保護層302之影像感測裝置450之剖面圖。影像感測裝置450大致上類似於第4A圖所述之影像感測裝置400,除了影像感測裝置450尚包括背側隔離區域452。背側隔離區域452大致上類似於本揭露先前所述之隔離區域108。背側隔離區域452可由淺溝隔離結構(STI)所形成,以定義並電性絕緣各種主動區域。在一些實施例中,背側隔離區域452包括氧化矽、氮化矽、氮氧化矽、氣隙、其他合適的材料或上述之組合。在一些實施例中,背側隔離區域452形成於背側保護層302形成之前。在一些實施例中,背側隔離區域452之背表面高於背側保護層302之背表面。
第5圖顯示形成一或多種保護層於影像感測裝置中之方法500之流程圖,例如顯示於第4A圖中之影像感測裝置400。方法500起始於步驟502,提供包括基板102、半導體區域104、感光區106與閘極堆疊110之裝置前驅物。裝置前驅物可更包括如第1圖所示之隔離區域108。
方法500繼續進行至步驟504,形成前側吸收層252。在一些實施例中,使用低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)磊晶成長前側吸收層252。
方法500繼續進行至步驟506,形成前側保護層202位於前側吸收層252之上。在一些實施例中,藉由流通前驅物氣體至腔體中,使用原位(in-situ)低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD),以磊晶成長前側保護層202於感光區域106上。可使用氫氟酸(HF)溶液清潔前驅物裝置之表面。也可形成光罩以覆蓋閘極堆疊110及/或隔離區域108,使得前側保護層202成長於感光區域106上的特定區域中。
方法500繼續進行至步驟508,對基板102進行薄化製程。在一些實施例中,對基板102進行薄化製程,薄化製程包括研磨製程及/或化學機械研磨製程(CMP)。可使用一或多個蝕刻製程進行薄化製程。
方法500繼續進行至步驟510,形成大致上類似於前側吸收層252之背側吸收層352。使用低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)磊晶成長背側吸收層352。
方法500繼續進行至步驟512,形成背側保護層302於背側吸收層352之上。在一些實施例中,使用原位低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD),以磊晶成長背側保護層302於半導體區域104之背表面122上。使用氫氟酸(HF)溶液清潔前驅物裝置之表面。
本實施例敘述使用磊晶製程形成一或多種保護層於互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置中之機制。既然本揭
露所製備之保護層係藉由使用磊晶成長而得,其機制較不會傷害影像感測裝置。使用磊晶成長之保護層可提供降低的粗糙度在介面,以及改善的結晶度(crystallinity)。本機制亦可藉由磊晶成長,以提供高濃度的硼到保護層中,且高濃度硼可提升影像感測裝置之性能表現。此機制也可提供較低的熱預算(thermal budget)。
本揭露提供一種互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置。依據一些實施例,裝置包括一半導體區域具有一前表面與一後表面;一感光區域在該半導體區域中從該前表面延伸朝向該後表面;一閘極堆疊形成於該半導體區域之上;以及至少一磊晶保護層設置於該感光區域之上或之下其中至少之一。在一些實施例中,至少一磊晶保護層包括p型摻雜矽層。
本揭露提供一種互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置之形成方法。方法包括提供一裝置前驅物,該裝置前驅物包括一半導體區域位於一基板之上、以及一感光區域從該半導體區域之一前表面延伸朝向一背表面;形成一前側吸收層於該感光區域中位於該前表面之下;以及使用低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)磊晶形成一前側保護層於該前側吸收層之上。在一些實施例中,該前側保護層包括p型摻雜矽層。
本揭露提供一種互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置之形成方法。方法包括提供一裝置前驅物,該裝置前驅物包括一半導體區域位於基板上、以及一感光區域在該半導體區域中之一前表面延伸至一背表面;形成一前側吸收層於該感光區域中;磊晶成長一前側保護層於該前側吸收層之上;對該
基板進行一薄化製程;形成一背側吸收層於該半導體區域中位於該背表面下;以及磊晶成長一背側保護層於該背側吸收層之上。在一些實施例中,該前側保護層與該背側保護層之中至少之一包括摻雜硼之矽層。
前述內文概述了許多實施例的特徵,使本技術領域中具有通常知識者可以從各個方面更佳地了解本揭露。本技術領域中具有通常知識者應可理解,且可輕易地以本揭露為基礎來設計或修飾其他製程及結構,並以此達到相同的目的及/或達到與本揭露介紹的實施例相同的優點。本技術領域中具有通常知識者也應了解這些相等的結構並未背離本揭露的發明精神與範圍。在不背離本揭露的發明精神與範圍之前提下,可對本揭露進行各種改變、置換或修改。
102‧‧‧基板
104‧‧‧半導體區域
106‧‧‧感光區域
108‧‧‧隔離區域
110‧‧‧閘極堆疊
112‧‧‧閘極氧化層
114‧‧‧閘極電極層
116‧‧‧閘極間隙壁
120‧‧‧前表面
122‧‧‧背表面
200‧‧‧影像感測裝置(CIS device)
202‧‧‧前側保護層
Claims (9)
- 一種互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置,包括:一半導體區域具有一前表面與一後表面;一感光區域在該半導體區域中從該前表面延伸朝向該後表面;一閘極堆疊形成於該半導體區域之上;以及至少一磊晶保護層設置於該感光區域之至少一表面上;其中至少一磊晶保護層包括p型摻雜矽層;以及其中至少一表面包括該感光區域之一前表面與該感光區域之一背表面;其中該半導體區域包括一前側吸收層,該至少一磊晶保護層設置於該前側吸收層之上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之裝置,其中該p型摻雜矽層包括摻雜硼之矽層。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之裝置,其中該p型摻雜矽層尚包括碳(C)摻雜質具有該p型摻雜之一濃度,且該碳(C)摻雜質之濃度範圍為約1015原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)至約1021原子數/立方公尺(atom/cm3)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之裝置,其中至少一磊晶保護層包括一或多個結晶刻面(facet)在該磊晶保護層之邊緣,且該一或多個結晶刻面(facet)擇自於以下群組:(001)、(111)與(311)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之裝置,其中該半導體區域包括一p型摻雜矽鍺層,且一本質矽鍺層設置於該p型摻雜 矽鍺層之上,且其中鍺在p型摻雜矽鍺層中與在本質矽鍺中之濃度之增加範圍從約1%至約10%,從範圍為約30%至約100%,沿著一背側朝向一前側之一方向延伸。
- 一種互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置之形成方法,包括:提供一裝置前驅物,該裝置前驅物包括一半導體區域位於一基板之上、以及一感光區域從該半導體區域之一前表面延伸朝向一背表面;形成一前側吸收層於該感光區域中位於該前表面之下;以及使用低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)磊晶形成一前側保護層於該前側吸收層之上,其中該前側保護層包括p型摻雜矽層。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之方法,尚包括:對該基板進行一薄化製程;形成一背側吸收層於該半導體區域中該背表面上;以及使用低壓化學氣相沉積製程(LPCVD)磊晶成長一背側保護層於該背側吸收層之下,其中該背側保護層包括摻雜磷之矽層。
- 一種互補式金屬氧化物半導體影像感測裝置之形成方法,包括:提供一裝置前驅物,該裝置前驅物包括一半導體區域位於基板上、以及一感光區域在該半導體區域中之一前表面延 伸至一背表面;形成一前側吸收層於該感光區域中;磊晶成長一前側保護層於該前側吸收層之上;對該基板進行一薄化製程;形成一背側吸收層於該半導體區域中位於該背表面下;以及磊晶成長一背側保護層於該背側吸收層之上,其中該前側保護層與該背側保護層之中至少之一包括摻雜硼之矽層。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之方法,其中形成該前側保護層與該背側保護層之中至少之一包括:磊晶成長一摻雜磷之矽鍺層;以及磊晶成長一本質矽鍺層於摻雜磷之矽鍺層之上。
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SG11201908509TA (en) | 2017-03-20 | 2019-10-30 | Mgi Tech Co Ltd | Biosensors for biological or chemical analysis and methods of manufacturing the same |
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US10522580B2 (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-12-31 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Structure and formation method of light-sensing device |
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US10355105B2 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-07-16 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Fin field-effect transistors and methods of forming the same |
US11393940B2 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2022-07-19 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Photodetector and method for forming the same |
US11869761B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2024-01-09 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Back-side deep trench isolation structure for image sensor |
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US11955496B2 (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2024-04-09 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Back-side deep trench isolation structure for image sensor |
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