TWI534272B - 熱壓印鋼材 - Google Patents
熱壓印鋼材 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI534272B TWI534272B TW104110629A TW104110629A TWI534272B TW I534272 B TWI534272 B TW I534272B TW 104110629 A TW104110629 A TW 104110629A TW 104110629 A TW104110629 A TW 104110629A TW I534272 B TWI534272 B TW I534272B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- tempering
- hot
- steel material
- base material
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 289
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 289
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 183
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 180
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 222
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 86
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 44
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 37
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 11
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 7
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007545 Vickers hardness test Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 argon ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWIPPCMREQXKRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol nitrate Chemical compound CCO.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWIPPCMREQXKRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/043—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Description
本發明係有關於一種藉由熱壓印所製成之熱壓印鋼材。
本申請案係基於2014年03月31日在日本提出申請的特願2014-073814號而主張優先權,並且將其內容引用於此。
為了使在汽車等所使用的構造組件成為高強度,有使用藉由熱壓印所製成的構造組件之情形。熱壓印係將已加熱至AC3點以上的鋼板,在使用模具壓製之同時,使用模具將鋼板急冷之方法。亦即,熱壓印係同時進行壓製加工及淬火。藉由熱壓印,能夠製造形狀精確度高且高強度的構造組件。使用含有此種熱壓印的製造方法所製成之鋼材(熱壓印鋼材),係例如在專利文獻1、專利文獻2及專利文獻3所揭示。在該等專利文獻所揭示之熱壓印鋼材,係對施行用以提高耐蝕性的鍍鋅層後之鋼板,實施熱壓印而製成之鋼材。
如上述,熱壓印係對鋼板在壓製加工之同時進行淬火。又,熱壓印係適合於製造形狀精確度高且高強度的
構造組件。因此,通常熱壓印鋼材的強度(拉伸強度)係較高而為1500MPa左右以上。但是,近年來對汽車等的衝撞安全性之要求提高,在汽車用組件,相較於強度,有更要求在衝撞時的衝撃吸收性之情形。為了提高衝撃吸收性,通常係以強度較低材料為佳。已知在熱壓印鋼材,藉由變更鋼板的合金元素量和熱壓印條件,而能夠變更某種程度的強度。但是,因為在熱壓印步驟依照組件而變更熱壓印條件,會引起製造負荷的上升,乃是不佳。因此,近年來要求在熱壓印藉由淬火,而具有與能夠得到1500MPa左右以上的拉伸強度之熱壓印鋼材相同化學組成,且具有與先前同等以上的耐蝕性,而且具有600~1450MPa左右的強度之熱壓印鋼材。
但是,上述的專利文獻1~3未揭示關於使熱壓印鋼材的強度降低之方法。
專利文獻1:日本特開2003-73774號公報
專利文獻2:日本特開2003-129209號公報
專利文獻3:日本特開2003-126921號公報
本發明係鑒於上述的課題而進行。本發明之目的,係提供一種熱壓印鋼材,其相較於具有相同化學組成
之先前的熱壓印鋼材,具有更高的衝撃吸收性,而且具有耐蝕性優異之鍍鋅層。
本發明的要旨如以下。
(1)本發明一態樣之熱壓印鋼材,其具備:母材,其為包含回火部之鋼材,且當將加熱至Ac3點以上的溫度並保持30分鐘後實施了水淬火後從表面起算板厚1/4深度位置之維氏硬度定義為最高淬火硬度時,該回火部具有前述最高淬火硬度的85%以下之硬度;及鍍鋅層,其形成在前述母材的前述回火部上;其中前述鍍鋅層包含:固熔體層,其由含有Fe及已固熔於前述Fe的Zn之固熔體相構成;及板層,其由前述固熔體相及大寫加馬相構成;又,前述鍍鋅層中之前述板層的面積率為20%以下。
(2)如上述(1)之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述回火部的前述硬度可為前述最高淬火硬度的60%以下;前述鍍鋅層中之前述板層的前述面積率可為5~20%。
(3)如上述(1)或(2)之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述回火部的前述硬度可為前述最高淬火硬度的50%以下。
(4)如上述(1)至(3)項中任一項之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述回火部的維氏硬度可為180~450Hv。
(5)如上述(1)至(4)項中任一項之熱壓印鋼材,其係在預定加熱時間下加熱至最高加熱溫度成為Ac3點以上後,藉由使用模具之壓製加工同時施行加工及淬火,之後藉由在預定回火溫度下進行回火而製造;
當將前述母材的Ac1點以Ac1表示,將前述回火溫度以單位℃計且以T表示,並且將前述淬火後且前述回火前之鋼材的Fe-Zn固熔體中的Zn濃度以單位質量%計且以C表示時,可以滿足下述式a。
Ac1≧T≧700-4.0×(35.0-C) (a)
(6)如上述(5)之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述回火溫度可為700℃至前述母材的Ac1點。
(7)如上述(1)至(6)項中任一項之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分可為前述回火部。
依照本發明的上述態樣,能夠提供一種熱壓印鋼材,其相較於具有相同化學組成之先前的熱壓印鋼材,具有更高的衝撃吸收性,而且具有耐蝕性優異之鍍鋅層。
10‧‧‧固熔體層
20‧‧‧回火部
30‧‧‧Zn氧化物層
40‧‧‧板層
圖1係具有鍍鋅層之熱壓印鋼材在400℃下進行回火後之鍍鋅層及其周邊的剖面照相影像。
圖2係具有鍍鋅層之熱壓印鋼材在500℃下進行回火後之鍍鋅層及其周邊的剖面照相影像。
圖3係具有鍍鋅層之熱壓印鋼材在700℃下進行回火後之鍍鋅層及其周邊的剖面照相影像。
圖4係顯示圖1所示鍍鋅層的XRD測定結果之圖。
圖5係顯示圖2所示鍍鋅層的XRD測定結果之圖。
圖6係顯示圖3所示鍍鋅層的XRD測定結果之圖。
圖7係顯示在不同回火溫度下進行回火後之熱壓印鋼材
的SST試驗結果之圖。
圖8係Fe-Zn二元系狀態圖。
本發明者等針對熱壓印鋼材的衝撃吸收性及耐蝕性進行研討。結果本發明者等得到以下見解。
如上述,通常熱壓印鋼材的強度(拉伸強度)較低者,衝撃吸收性提高。對熱壓印鋼材實施回火時,相較於具有相同化學組成之先前的熱壓印鋼材,能夠使拉伸強度降低。亦即,能夠提高熱壓印鋼材的衝撃吸收性。
但是,對含有鍍鋅層的熱壓印鋼材實施回火時,鍍鋅層的構造產生變化。鍍鋅層的構造產生變化係對耐蝕性造成影響。
先前,沒有報告揭示有關對具有鍍鋅層之熱壓印鋼材進行回火後鍍鋅層所產生的變化。因此,本發明者等針對回火條件對鍍鋅層所造成的影響、及鍍鋅層的構成對耐蝕性所造成的影響,基於以下的要領進行研討。
首先,準備複數片滿足後述的較佳化學組成之板厚1.6mm的鋼板。其次,使用熔融鍍鋅法在該等鋼板上形成鍍鋅層。鍍鋅的附著量為60g/m2。對形成有鍍鋅層之鋼板實施熱壓印。具體而言,係將鋼板裝入將爐溫設定為鋼板的AC3點以上的溫度亦即900℃之加熱爐且加熱4分鐘加熱。此時,在裝入爐內之後2分鐘左右鋼板溫度成為900℃。加熱後,使用具備水冷卻夾套之平板模具將鋼板夾入而進
行熱壓印,來製成熱壓印鋼材。熱壓印時的冷卻速度係即便較慢的部分,至麻田散鐵變態起始點為止係50℃/秒以上。
在此,Ac1點及Ac3點係表示將各自鋼材加熱時之沃斯田鐵變態起始溫度、及沃斯田鐵變態結束溫度。Ac1點及Ac3點係能夠藉由使用相變儀(FORMASTER)試驗等,測定將鋼材加熱後的熱膨脹而決定。具體而言,係藉由觀察從肥粒鐵變態成為沃斯田鐵後的體積收縮來決定。又,麻田散鐵變態起始點,係能夠藉由測定使加熱至沃斯田鐵化溫度後的鋼材急冷時之熱膨脹來決定。具體而言,係能夠藉由測定從沃斯田鐵至麻田散鐵的體積膨脹來決定。
對所製成的各熱壓印鋼材實施回火。回火溫度係在150℃至母材的Ac1點之範圍內且在各熱壓印鋼材係設作不同的溫度。在回火之各熱壓印鋼材的加熱時間係任一者均設為5分鐘。
針對在各回火溫度進行回火後的熱壓印鋼材,進行微組織觀察及XRD測定。又,基於該等結果而特定鍍鋅層的組織。
圖1係回火溫度為400℃時的熱壓印鋼材之鍍鋅層及其周邊的剖面部之照相影像,圖4係從其剖面部的表面之XRD測定結果。圖2係回火溫度為500℃時的熱壓印鋼材之鍍鋅層及其周邊的剖面部之照相影像,圖5係從其剖面部的表面之XRD測定結果。圖3係回火溫度為700℃時的熱壓印鋼材之鍍鋅層及其周邊的剖面部之照相影像,圖6係從其剖面部
的表面之XRD測定結果。
剖面部的微組織觀察係基於以下的要領而實施。亦即,使用5%的NITAL(硝酸乙醇腐蝕液)將剖面部蝕刻20~40秒,蝕刻後,使用2000倍的SEM觀察微組織。相較於鍍敷層的構成,有無氧化物層係幾乎不對強度和耐蝕性造成影響。因此,本事項係著眼於鍍敷層而進行研討。XRD測定係使用Co管球而進行。在XRD,通常α-Fe的強度尖峰係在繞射角2 θ=99.7°顯現,但是Zn固熔量越多,越往低角度側位移。又,Fe3Zn10的金屬間化合物之大寫加馬(capital gamma)(Γ)的強度尖峰,係在繞射角2 θ=94.0°顯現。圖4~圖6中的虛線L4係表示α-Fe相的強度尖峰位置。虛線L3係表示固熔Zn量為較少的固熔體相(Zn含量為5~25質量%,以下有稱為低Zn固熔體相之情形)的強度尖峰位置。虛線L2係表示固熔Zn量較多的固熔體相(Zn含量為25~40質量%,以下有稱為高Zn固熔體相之情形)之強度尖峰位置。虛線L1係表示Γ相的強度尖峰位置。強度尖峰位置係隨著從虛線L4位移至L2,固熔體相中的Zn固熔量變多。
回火溫度為150℃至小於500℃時,如圖1及圖4所顯示,鍍鋅層係形成固熔體層10。該固熔體層係由強度尖峰位置為L2之高Zn固熔體相所構成且不含有Γ相。圖1中的符號20係母材之中的回火部,符號30係在鍍鋅層上所形成之鋅氧化物層。
另一方面,回火溫度為500℃至小於700℃時,如圖2所顯示,鍍鋅層上會形成固熔體層10、及形成在固熔體
層10上之由Γ相及低Zn固熔體相構成的板層組織之層(以下,稱為板層)40。進行XRD測定之結果,如圖5所顯示,係顯現低Zn固熔體相的強度尖峰(虛線L3位置)、及Γ相的強度尖峰(虛線L1的位置)。亦即,該板層組織的層主要是由Γ相及低Zn固熔體相所構成的板層組織之層(板層)。
回火溫度為500℃至小於700℃時,鍍鋅層含有以面積率計為0~70%的固熔體層(由高Zn固熔體相所構成)10及以面積率計為30%以上的板層40。
而且,回火溫度為700℃至母材的AC1點時,如圖3所顯示,鍍鋅層係具備位於表層之若干板層40;及位於板層40下(鋼材側)之固熔體層10。在鍍鋅層所佔有之板層40的面積率為5~20%。又,XRD測定的結果,係如圖6所顯示,回火溫度為500℃至小於700℃時無法檢測出的固熔體相的強度尖峰係再次出現在虛線L2,且相較於回火溫度為500℃~700℃時,Γ相的強度尖峰(虛線L1位置)變小。
如以上,鍍鋅層的組織係基於回火的條件而產生變化。因此,調査在各回火溫度實施回火後之熱壓印鋼材的耐蝕性。
耐蝕性係依據SST試驗(鹽霧試驗;Salt Spray Test)而進行評價。SST試驗係使用以下的方法實施。
使用聚酯膠帶將在各回火溫度之板狀的熱壓印鋼材的背面及端面密封。隨後,對各鋼材的表面,繼續實施在JIS Z2371「鹽水噴霧試驗方法」所規定的試驗6天(144小時)。求取試驗後的各鋼材之腐蝕減量且製作圖7。圖7係顯示上
述熱壓印鋼材的SST試驗(Salt Spray Test)後之腐蝕減量(g/m2)之圖。
圖7中的橫軸係表示回火溫度(℃),縱軸係表示腐蝕減量(g/m2)。參照圖7,回火溫度200~400℃、及700℃之熱壓印鋼材的腐蝕減量,係與不實施回火的熱壓印鋼材相同水準,為130g/m2以下。另一方面,回火溫度為500~600℃的熱壓印鋼材,鍍敷層的腐蝕減量係比不實施回火的熱壓印鋼材顯著地較高。
亦即,板層的面積率為20%以下之鍍鋅層,係能夠確認與不進行回火的熱壓印鋼材同等的耐蝕性。
從以上的結果,清楚明白在包含固熔體層及板層之鍍鋅層,只要板層的面積率為20%以下(包含0%),就能夠維持耐蝕性。
又,被應用在汽車用組件等之熱壓印鋼材的表面,多半是被塗裝之情況。在塗裝時,化成處理性高者,塗膜密著性提高。因此,針對不同板層的面積率之鍍鋅層而進評價化成處理性。其結果,發現藉由鍍鋅層具有5%以上的板層,能夠提升化成處理性。
其次,除了使用與上述同樣的素材且將熱壓印時的加熱時間設為6分鐘或8分鐘以外,係在與上述相同條件下進行熱壓印。而且,針對該等熱壓印鋼材如以下進行回火條件對鍍鋅層所造成的影響之評價。
對所製成之各熱壓印鋼材實施回火。回火溫度係在150℃~母的Ac1點之範圍內且在各熱壓印鋼材係設作不
同的溫度。在回火之各熱壓印鋼材的加熱時間係設為5分鐘。
如上述,熱壓印時的加熱時間為4分鐘時,回火溫度為500℃~700℃時,板層的面積率為30%以上,但是熱壓印時的加熱時間為6分鐘時,即便回火溫度為500℃或690℃,鍍鋅層中之板層的面積率為5~20%。又,熱壓印時的加熱溫度為8分鐘時,即便回火溫度為520℃或680℃,鍍鋅層的面積率為5~20%。
如上述,依照熱壓印時的加熱時間,板層的面積率係即便相同回火溫度亦產生變化。就其理而言,認為如下。亦即,在熱壓印加熱時,加熱時間引起鍍鋅層中的Zn與母材亦即鋼材中Fe之合金化程度(具體而言,係Fe-Zn固熔體中的Fe及Zn比率)產生變化。依照合金化的程度,回火時從固熔體相二相分離成為低Zn固熔體相及Γ相之驅動力降低之緣故。
本發明者等進行進一步研討之結果,發現在熱壓印後,且將回火前的Fe-Zn固熔體中之Zn的濃度(質量%)設為C,將回火溫度設為T時,當熱壓印後的Fe-Zn固熔體中之Zn的濃度C(質量%)與回火溫度T(℃)滿足以下式1或式2時,鍍鋅中的板層之面積率20%以下。而且,發現滿足式1時,板層的面積率成為5~20%以上。
Ac1≧T≧700-4.0×(35.0-C) (1)
T≦500+8.0×(32.5-C) (2)
但是,在式2,C≧32.5時,設為C=32.5。
較佳為T≧700、或T<500。
熱壓印後,而且回火前的Fe-Zn固熔體中之Zn濃度(質量%),係使用EPMA測定鍍敷剖面的任意5處,將5處的Zn含量之平均設作Fe-Zn固熔體中之Zn的濃度即可。進行鍍敷剖面的EPMA分析時,將試料埋入樹脂並研磨,而且使用氬離子等而進行蝕刻加工係有效的。
為了比具有相同化學組成之先前的熱壓印鋼材,具有更高的衝撃吸收性,相較於熱壓印後的強度(拉伸強度),必須具有較低的強度。本發明者等係針對在各回火溫度實施回火後之熱壓印鋼材的母材的回火部之硬度進行評價。
在熱壓印中係使用模具將鋼板同時壓製及淬火。因此,熱壓印鋼材的組織會成為淬火組織。在本實施形態中,係在沃斯田鐵化溫度(Ac3點)以上將鋼材加熱30分鐘後,實施了水淬火後之維氏硬度定義為「最高淬火硬度」。該最高淬火硬度被認為與熱壓印後的鋼材之硬度為大略相同。因此,相對於藉由使用上述的方法在具有同樣的化學成分之鋼材測得到的最高淬火硬度,熱壓印鋼材的回火部之硬度降低時,可說是衝撃吸收性提升。
故而測定在各回火溫度實施回火後之熱壓印鋼材的母材的回火部之維氏硬度。又,作為最高淬火硬度,係在沃斯田鐵化溫度以上將具有同樣化學成分之鋼材加熱30分鐘後並實施水淬火,測定在從表面起算板厚1/4深度之維氏硬度。
其結果,回火溫度大於300℃時,得知回火部的硬度係成為最高淬火硬度的85%以下。又,得知回火溫度滿足上述式1時,回火部的硬度係成為最高淬火硬度的60%以下,只要回火溫度為700℃以上,回火部的硬度係成為最高淬火硬度的50%以下。
因而,回火溫度為大於300℃至小於500℃,或是滿足上述式1時,熱壓印鋼材的強度變低且亦能夠維持耐蝕性。又,回火溫度為滿足上述式1時,化成處理性係進一步提升。較佳是回火溫度為700℃以上。
以下,針對本發明一實施形態之熱壓印鋼材(有稱為本實施形態之熱壓印鋼材之情形),進行說明。
本實施形態之熱壓印鋼材係具有以下的特徵。
(a)具備:母材,其為包含回火部之鋼材,且當將加熱至Ac3點以上的溫度並保持30分鐘後實施了水淬火後從表面起算板厚1/4深度位置之維氏硬度定義為最高淬火硬度時,該回火部具有前述最高淬火硬度的85%以下之硬度;及鍍鋅層,其形成在前述母材的前述回火部上。回火部的硬度相對於最高淬火硬度,以60%以下為佳,較佳為50%以下。
(b)鍍鋅層包含:由Fe及已固熔於前述Fe的Zn之固熔體相構成之固熔體層;及由前述固熔體相及大寫加馬相構成之板層。
(c)前述鍍鋅層中之前述板層的面積率為20%以下,較佳為5~20%。
該等特徵係基於上述見解。
[母材]
母材係鋼材,例如藉由將鋼板進行熱壓印而形成。又,母材包含回火部。所謂回火部,係指其硬度(維氏硬度)為鋼材的最高淬火硬度之85%以下之部分。所謂最高淬火硬度,係意味著在沃斯田鐵化溫度以上加熱30分鐘後,實施了水淬火後的表面起算板厚1/4深度位置之維氏硬度。該最高淬火硬度係能夠使用具有相同化學成分之其他的鋼材(與具有回火部之熱壓印鋼材係另外的鋼材)而測定。
本實施形態之熱壓印鋼材,因母材包含具有最高淬火硬度的85%以下的硬度之回火部,則相較於具有相同化學組成且不實施回火之熱壓印鋼材,因為拉伸強度較低所以具有優異的衝撃吸收性。
麻田散鐵係硬度高且藉由回火而硬度大幅度地降低之組織。因為藉由母材具有水淬火後進行麻田散鐵變態之化學組成,能夠容易地具備具有最高淬火硬度的85%以下的硬度之回火部之緣故,所以母材係以具有從Ac3點以上的溫度水淬火後,進行麻田散鐵變態之化學組成為佳。又,回火部以含有以體積%計為95%以上的回火麻田散鐵、及小於5體積%的殘留沃斯田鐵為佳。
母材的化學組成係沒有限定的必要,例如,以具有以下的化學組成為佳。母材係具有此種化學組成時,為了得到適合於使用在汽車用的組件之機械特性,乃是有利的。又,為了具備具有最高淬火硬度的85%以下的硬度之回火部,乃是有利的。以下,有關元素之「%」係意味著
質量%。
C:0.05~0.4%
碳(C)係提高熱壓印後的鋼材(熱壓印鋼材)的強度之元素。C含量太低時,無法得到上述效果。因此,為了得到該效果時,係以將C含量下限設為0.05%為佳。C含量的較佳下限為0.1%。另一方面,C含量太高時,鋼板的韌性低落。因而,以將C含量的上限設為0.4%為佳。C含量的較佳上限為0.35%。
Si:0.5%以下
在鋼中矽(Si)係不可避免而含有的元素。又,Si具有使鋼脫氧的效果。因此,就以脫氧作為目的而言,可以將Si含量設為0.05%以上。但是,Si含量高時,鋼中的Si係在熱壓印之加熱中擴散且在鋼板表面形成氧化物。該氧化物係使磷酸鹽處理性低落。而且,Si具有使鋼板的AC3點上升之作用。鋼板的AC3點上升時,會擔心熱壓印時的加熱溫度係大於鍍Zn的蒸發溫度。Si含量大於0.5%時,因為上述的問題係變為顯著,所以Si含量的上限係以設為0.5%為佳。較佳Si含量的上限為0.3%。
Mn:0.5~2.5%
錳(Mn)係提高鋼的淬火性且提高熱壓印鋼材的強度之元素。為了得到該效果時,係以將Mn含量的下限設為0.5%為佳。Mn含量的較佳下限為0.6%。另一方面,即便Mn含量大於2.5%,其效果飽和。因而,Mn含量的上限係以設為2.5%為佳。Mn含量的較佳上限為2.4%。
P:0.03%以下
磷(P)係鋼中所含之不純物。P係在晶界偏析而使鋼的韌性及耐延遲破壞性低落。因此P含量係盡可能以較低為佳,P含量大於0.03%時,因為其影響係變為顯著,所以亦可將P含量設為0.03%以下。
S:0.010%以下
硫(S)係鋼中所含之不純物。S係形成硫化物而使鋼的韌性及耐延遲破壞性低落。因此S含量係盡可能以較低為佳,但是S含量大於0.010%時,因為其影響係變為顯著,所以亦可將S含量設為0.010%以下。
sol.Al:0.10%以下
鋁(Al)係對鋼的脫氧有效的元素。為了得到該效果,亦可將Al含量的下限設為0.01%。但是Al含量太高時,鋼板的AC3點上升且熱壓印時所必要的加熱溫度大於鍍Zn的蒸發溫度。因而,以將Al含量的上限設為0.10%為佳。Al含量的較佳上限為0.05%。在本實施形態之Al含量係sol.Al(酸可溶Al)的含量。
N:0.010%以下
氮(N)係在鋼中不可避免而含有的不純物。N係形成氮化物而使鋼的韌性低落之元素。又,含有B時,N係與B鍵結而減少固熔B量。固熔B量減少時,淬火性低落。由於上述的理由,N含量係盡可能以較低為佳,N含量大於0.010%時,因為其影響係變為顯著,所以亦可以將N含量設為0.010%以下。
本實施形態之熱壓印鋼材的母材部,係例如可以由上述的元素以及剩餘部分為Fe及不純物所構成之化學組成。但是,本實施形態之熱壓印鋼材的母材部,就使強度或韌性提升之目的而言,亦可以在後述的範圍進一步任意地含有選自B、Ti、Cr、Mo、Nb、Ni中1種以上的元素,來代替上述化學組成之Fe的一部分。
在本實施形態中,所謂不純物,係意味著在工業上製造鐵鋼材料時,從作為原料的礦石、廢料、或製造環境等所混入者。
B:0.0001~0.0050%
硼(B)係提高鋼的淬火性且提高熱壓印鋼材的強度。因此,為了得到該效果時,B含量的較佳下限為0.0001%。但是,B含量太高時,其效果飽和。因而即便含有時,亦以將B含量的上限設為0.0050%為佳。
Ti:0.01~0.10%
鈦(Ti)係與N鍵結而形成氮化物(TiN)。其結果,能夠抑制B與N的鍵結且能夠抑制起因於形成BN之淬火性低落。又,TiN係藉由其釘扎(pinning)效果,而能夠使熱壓印加熱時沃斯田鐵粒徑微細化且提高鋼材的靱性等。為了得到該等效果時,Ti含量的較佳下限為0.01%。但是Ti含量太高時上述效果飽和,同時Ti氮化物過剩地析出致使鋼的韌性低落。因而即便含有時,亦以將Ti含量的上限設為0.10%為佳。
Cr:0.1~0.5%
鉻(Cr)係提高鋼的淬火性。為了得到該效果時、Cr含量
的較佳下限為0.1%。但是,Cr含量太高時形成Cr碳化物且在熱壓印的加熱時碳化物變為不容易溶解。其結果,鋼的沃斯田鐵化係變為不容易進行且淬火性低落。因而即便含有時,亦以將Cr含量的上限設為0.5%為佳。
Mo:0.05~0.50%
鉬(Mo)係提高鋼的淬火性。為了得到該效果時、Mo含量的較佳下限為0.05%。但是,Mo含量太高時上述效果飽和。因而即便含有時,Mo含量的上限係以設為0.50%。
Nb:0.02~0.10%
鈮(Nb)係形成碳化物且在熱壓印時使結晶粒微細化。結晶粒微細化時鋼的韌性提高。為了得到該效果時,Nb含量的較佳下限為0.02%。但是,Nb含量太高時上述效果飽和,同時淬火性低落。因而即便含有時,Nb含量的上限係以設為0.10%為佳。
Ni:0.1~1.0%
鎳(Ni)係提高鋼的韌性。又,Ni係在鍍鋅鋼材的熱壓印之加熱時抑制起因於熔融Zn之脆化。為得到該等效果時,Ni含量的較佳下限為0.1%。但是,Ni含量太高時上述效果飽和,同時引起成本上升。因而即便含有時,Ni含量的上限係以設為1.0%為佳。
母材係其一部分亦可為回火部,母材全體亦可為回火部。亦即,母材全體的微組織亦可為回火麻田散鐵。
近年來,對不同的組件依照位置而對強度、延展性等的性能要求被稱為訂製品質(tailored property)。例如在
汽車組件,在被稱為B柱(中心柱)之骨架組件,構成乘車區域之上部係被要求高強度,而下部係被要求較高的衝撃吸收性。
只有使具有鍍鋅層之熱壓印鋼材的母材之一部分成為回火部時,能夠得到兼具如上述的強度高部分與衝撃吸收性之組件。又,因為熱壓印鋼材具有鍍鋅層,所以亦具有優異的耐蝕性。
回火部的拉伸強度係例如600~1450MPa,維氏硬度為180~450Hv。此時,相較於不實施回火之先前的熱壓印鋼材,熱壓印鋼材的回火部之強度係變為較低。因此,相較於先前的熱壓印鋼材,具有優異的衝撃吸收性。
回火麻田散鐵的維氏硬度,係比麻田散鐵的維氏硬度更低。因而能夠藉由維氏硬度,來辨別母材(回火部)的微組織是否為回火麻田散鐵。
維氏硬度係能夠藉由依據JIS Z2244(2009)之維氏硬度試驗來求取。維氏硬度試驗的試驗力係設為10kgf=98.07N。
[鍍鋅層]
本實施形態之熱壓印鋼材,係至少在母材的回火部上具有鍍鋅層。鍍鋅層的主體係固熔體層。具體而言,鍍鋅層具備固熔體層、及以面積率計為0~20%的板層。
固熔體層係由固熔體相所構成。固熔體相含有Fe、已固熔於Fe的Zn。較佳是固熔體層中的Zn含量為25~40質量%。更佳是固熔體層中的Zn含量為30~40質量%。
板層具有固熔體相及大寫加馬(Γ)相之板層組
織。所謂板層組織,如圖2所顯示,係不同相(在本實施形態為固熔體相及Γ相)為層狀交替地重複且相鄰之組織。Γ相係金屬間化合物(Fe3Zn10)。板層的固熔體相中之Zn含量為5~25質量%,比固熔體層中之Zn含量更低。板層係形成在鍍鋅層的表層。
鍍鋅層中的板層之面積率大於20%時,耐蝕性顯著地低落。就其理由而言,板層係如上述,具有固熔體相(低Zn固熔體相)及Γ相之板層組織。認為因為固熔體相的腐蝕電位係與Γ相的腐蝕電位不同,所以在板層係容易產生電流腐蝕(galvanic corrosion),且相較於固熔體層,耐蝕性變為較低。因此,將在鍍鋅層之板層的面積率設為20%以下。
另一方面,相較於固熔體層,板層具有較優異的化成處理性。就其理由而言,認為有以下的事項。板層係如上述,為具有固熔體相(低Zn固熔體相)及Γ相之板層組織。在板層組織內,固熔體相及Γ相係對母材的表面,在大略垂直的方向延伸。又,如上述,板層係形成在鍍鋅層的表層。因而,觀察鍍鋅層的表面時,能夠觀察到固熔體相及Γ相之雙方。對具有此種板層組織之鍍鋅層實施化成處理(磷酸鹽處理)時,藉由磷酸能夠將鍍鋅層的表面亦即板層蝕刻。此時,鋅濃度較高的部分係優先被蝕刻。因為在板層之Γ相中的Zn濃度,係比在固熔體相中的Zn濃度更高,所以藉由磷酸,Γ相係比固熔體相更優先被蝕刻。其結果,在鍍鋅層的表面係形成微細的凹凸,使得磷酸鹽容易附著。因而,認為相較於在表層只有固熔體層之鍍鋅層,
在表層具有板層之鍍鋅層的磷酸鹽處理性係變為較高。因為只要鍍鋅層中的板層之面積率為5%以上,鍍鋅層的磷酸鹽處理性變高,所以在鍍鋅層之板層的面積率,係以5%以上為佳。
亦即,只要板層的面積率為5~20%,除了耐蝕性以外亦具有優異的化成處理性。
固熔體相(高Zn固熔體相、低Zn固熔體相)中的Zn含量,係能夠使用以下的方法來測定。在高Zn固熔體相中的任意5處,使用EPMA(電子射線微量分析器)測定Zn含量(質量%),且將5處的Zn含量之平均定義為高Zn固熔體相中的Zn含量即可。在低Zn固熔體相,亦能夠使用與高Zn固熔體相同樣的方法,來求取Zn含量。
本實施形態之熱壓印鋼材具備回火部,且該回火部具有最高淬火硬度的85%以下之硬度。因此,相較於具有相同化學組成且不實施回火的熱壓印鋼材,係強度為較低而具有優異的耐衝撃吸收性。而且,本實施形態的鍍鋅層係耐蝕性降低之板層所佔有的比率為較低。因此,相較於不實施回火的熱壓印鋼材,能夠維持相同程度之優異的耐蝕性。
[熱壓印鋼材之製造方法]
本實施形態之熱壓印鋼材,係只要具有上述的母材及鍍鋅層時,其製造方法就不被限定,而能夠達成其效果。但是,例如能夠藉由具備以下所揭示的步驟之製造方法製造:母材準備步驟,其係準備鋼材之步驟;鍍鋅處理步驟,
其係在母材形成鍍鋅層之步驟;熱壓印步驟,其係對具備鍍鋅層之母材實施熱壓印之步驟;及回火步驟,其係對熱壓印後的鋼材實施回火之步驟。以下,針對在各步驟之較佳例子進行說明。
[母材準備步驟]
首先,準備使用作為母材之鋼板。例如製造具有上述較佳化學組成之熔鋼。使用該熔鋼且藉由連續鑄造等的鑄造法來製造鋼胚(slab)。亦可使用熔鋼且藉由造塊法製造鋼錠來代替鋼胚。將所製成的鋼胚或鋼錠進行熱軋而製造鋼板(熱軋鋼板)。亦可按照必要而對熱軋鋼板進一步實施酸洗處理且對酸洗處理後的熱軋鋼板實施冷軋而作為鋼板(冷軋鋼板)。針對熱軋、酸洗、冷軋,係配合應用的組件所要求的特性而使用眾所周知的方法進行即可。
[鍍鋅處理步驟]
對上述的鋼板(熱軋鋼板或冷軋鋼板)進行鍍鋅處理且在鋼板的表面形成鍍鋅層。鍍鋅層的形成方法係沒有特別限定,可為熔融鍍鋅處理,亦可為合金化熔融鍍鋅處理,亦可為電鍍鋅處理。
藉由熔融鍍鋅處理來形成鍍鋅層,係例如依照以下的要領而進行。亦即,將鋼板浸漬在鍍敷浴(熔融鍍鋅浴)而使鋼板表面附著鍍層。將附著有鍍層之鋼板從鍍敷浴拉升。較佳是調整鋼板表面的鍍層附著量使其成為20~100g/m2。鍍層附著量係能夠藉由調整鋼板的拉升速度和擦拭氣體的流量來調整。熔融鍍鋅浴中的Al濃度係沒有
特別限定。藉由以上的步驟,能夠製造具備鍍鋅層(熔融鍍鋅層)之熱壓印用鋼板(GI)。
藉由合金化熔融鍍鋅處理(以下,亦稱為合金化處理)來形成鍍鋅層,係例如依照以下的要領而進行。亦即,將形成有上述熔融鍍鋅層之鋼板加熱至470~600℃。加熱後,按照必要而進行均熱,隨後進行冷卻。均熱時間係以30秒以內為佳,但是不被限定。又,亦可以加熱至上述加熱溫度為止之後,不進行均熱而緊接著進行冷卻。加熱溫度及均熱時間係能夠按照鍍敷層中所需要的Fe濃度而適當地設定。在合金化處理之加熱溫度的較佳下限為540℃。藉由以上的合金化處理,能夠製造具備鍍鋅層(合金化熔融鍍鋅層)之熱壓印用鋼板(GA)。
藉由電鍍鋅處理來形成鍍鋅層,例如依照以下的要領而進行。亦即,作為電鍍鋅浴,係準備眾所周知的硫酸浴、鹽酸浴、鋅酸鹽浴及氰化物浴等的任一者。將上述的鋼板進行酸洗且將酸洗後的鋼板浸漬於電鍍鋅浴。將鋼板作為陰極且在電鍍鋅浴中流動電流。藉此,鋅析出至鋼板表面而形成鍍鋅層(電鍍鋅層)。藉由以上的步驟,能夠製造具有電鍍鋅層之熱壓印用鋼板(EG)。
鍍鋅層為合金化熔融鍍鋅層時及鍍鋅層為電鍍鋅層時,較佳鍍鋅層的附著量係與熔融鍍鋅層時相同。亦即,該等鍍鋅層的較佳附著量為20~100g/m2。較佳為40~80g/m2。
該等鍍鋅層含有Zn。具體而言,熔融鍍鋅層及電
鍍鋅層的化學組成係由Zn及不純物所構成。合金化熔融鍍鋅層的化學組成係含有5~20%的Fe,剩餘部分係由Zn及不純物所構成。
[熱壓印步驟]
對上述的熱壓印用鋼板實施熱壓印。在熱壓印步驟之淬火前的加熱,以主要利用將輻射熱加熱來進行加熱為佳。
具體而言,係首先將熱壓印用鋼板裝入加熱爐(氣體爐、電爐、紅外線爐等)。在加熱爐內將熱壓印用鋼板加熱至AC3點~950℃(最高加熱溫度)且在該溫度保持(均熱)。藉由加熱使得鍍敷層中的Zn液化且鍍敷層中的熔融Zn與Fe相互擴散而成為固熔體相(Fe-Zn固熔體相)。鍍敷層中的熔融Zn在Fe中固熔化而成為固相之後,將鋼板從加熱爐取出。對從加熱爐取出後的鋼板實施熱壓印(壓製加工及淬火)而作為熱壓印鋼材。較佳均熱時間為30分鐘以下。從生產性的觀點而言,係以短時間為佳,較佳加熱時間為0~15分鐘。
在熱壓印,係使用冷卻介質(例如水)在內部循環之模具而將鋼板進行壓製。
將鋼板壓製時,藉由從模具排熱而將鋼板淬火。依照以上的步驟來製造熱壓印鋼材。
在上述的說明,係使用加熱爐而將熱壓印用鋼板加熱。但是,亦可藉由通電加熱而將熱壓印用鋼板加熱。該場合亦是藉由通電加熱而將鋼板均熱預定時間來使鍍鋅層中的熔融Zn成為固熔體相。鍍鋅層中的熔融Zn成為固熔體相之後,使用模具而將鋼板進行壓製。
[回火步驟]
對熱壓印鋼材(熱壓印後的鋼材)實施回火。藉由對熱壓印鋼材進行回火而能夠在熱壓印鋼材的母材形成回火部。將熱壓印後且回火前的Fe-Zn固熔體中之Zn的濃度(質量%)設為C時,回火溫度係大於300℃~500+8.0×(32.5-C)℃(但是,此時只要C≧32.5,就設為C=32.5)、或700-4.0×(35.0-C)℃~母材的AC1點。較佳回火溫度為大於300℃至小於500℃、或700℃至母材的AC1點。
只要在上述回火溫度的範圍,回火後的鍍鋅層之主體係成為固熔體層且板層的面積率成為0~20%。而且,母材的回火部的硬度係成為最高淬火硬度的85%以下。
又,藉由將回火溫度設為700-4.0×(35.0-C)℃~Ac1點,能夠使板層的面積率成為5~20%。又,藉由將回火溫度設為700℃以上,能夠使母材的回火部之硬度成為最高淬火硬度的50%以下。
回火溫度引起板層的面積率產生變化,認為係由於以下的理由。
圖8係Fe-Zn的二元系狀態圖。藉由熱壓印所製成的熱壓印鋼材之鍍鋅層,係由Zn以25~40質量%左右固溶在α-Fe而成之固熔體相所構成。但是,自由能量上在室溫係Zn以5~25質量%固溶在α-Fe而成之低Zn固熔體相與Γ相之二相所構成的組織(亦即板層)為安定。亦即,熱壓印後的鍍鋅層之固熔體相係Zn為過飽和的固熔體。
假設鍍鋅層中的Zn濃度為圖8中的35質量%時
(相當於圖中的地點A1)。將該鍍鋅層的溫度上升時,用以從固熔體相進行二相分離成為低Zn固熔體相及Γ相之驅動力,係在比境界線Ax上的地點B更低溫側產生且從地點B越往低溫側離開變為越強。另一方面,鍍鋅層中的擴散速度,係越高溫變為越高。因而,藉由往二相分離之驅動力與擴散速度之關係,而決定回火後是否形成板層。具體而言,係往二相分離驅動力越高且擴散速度越高,越容易形成板層。
當回火時鍍鋅層的溫度(回火溫度)為低溫區域(大於300℃至小於500℃)時(例如310℃的地點A1),會離境界線Ax很遠。此時,往二相分離的驅動力係較高。但是,因為是低溫,所以擴散速度太低。因此即便實施回火鍍鋅層亦不分離成為二相而不形成板層。
回火溫度為500℃至小於700℃時,雖然溫度區域會離境界線Ax近,但是具有某種程度的距離(例如圖中的地點A2)。此時,產生某種程度之往二相分離的驅動力。而且,因為溫度區域變高,所以擴散速度高。其結果,鍍鋅層係分離成為二相而形成板層。在圖8的A2,係分離成為Zn含量為70質量%左右的Γ相(圖中C2)、及Zn含量為10質量%左右的固熔體相(圖中C1)。結果會形成板層。
當回火溫度進一步上升變成700℃以上時,溫度區域會在境界線Ax附近。此時,雖然由於溫度上升使得擴散速度變高,但是往二相分離的驅動力非常小。其結果,不容易產生二相分離。但是,因為未大於境界線Ax,所以
形成少量的板層。因此板層的面積率為5~20%。回火溫度大於境界線Ax時(回火溫度大於Ac1點時),因為不產生二相分離的驅動力,所以不形成板層。
回火溫度為300℃以下時,因為擴散速度小,所以板層的面積率為20%以下。另一方面,回火部的強度不容易降低,回火部的硬度係大於最高淬火硬度的85%。
因而,如上述,鍍鋅層中的Zn濃度為圖8中的35質量%時,藉由將回火溫度設為大於300℃至小於500℃或700℃至母材的AC1點,能夠使鍍鋅層中的板層之面積率成為20%以下且能夠使回火部的硬度成為最高淬火硬度的85%以下。
回火可只對熱壓印鋼材的一部分實施。例如能夠藉由使用高頻之感應加熱和通電加熱,對熱壓印鋼材的一部分實施回火。
藉由只有對熱壓印鋼材的一部分進行回火,在相同組件藉由經進行回火的部分及不進行回火的部分而能夠使強度變化。此種組件,係能夠應用在例如汽車的B柱之在上部被要求較高的強度且在下部被要求較高的衝撃吸收性之組件。
又,部分回火時,關於回火部亦是與將全體回火時之回火部同等。
上述熱壓印鋼材,係在加熱後使用模具邊壓製邊淬火,隨後在大於300℃至500+8.0×(32.5-C)℃或700-4.0×(35.0-C)℃~母材的AC1點的溫度範圍進行回火而製造。
依照以上的步驟能夠製造一熱壓印鋼材,其具備:母材,係包含回火部之鋼材,且該回火部具有最高淬火硬度的85%以下之硬度;及鍍鋅層,係形成在母材的回火部上,且包含固熔體層及板層;並且鍍鋅層中之板層的面積率為20%以下。
本實施形態之熱壓印鋼材的製造方法,亦可進一步含有以下的步驟。
[防鏽油膜形成步驟]
在上述的製造方法,亦可進一步在鍍鋅處理步驟與熱壓印步驟之間含有防鏽油膜形成步驟。
在防鏽油膜形成步驟,係在熱壓印用鋼板的表面塗佈防鏽油而形成防鏽油膜。熱壓印用鋼板會有從輥軋至實施熱壓印步驟為止的期間為較長之情況。此時,熱壓印用鋼板的表面會有產生氧化之情況。依照本步驟時,因為在熱壓印鋼材的表面成防鏽油膜,所以鋼板的表面不容易產生氧化而能夠抑制產生鏽垢。
[切料加工步驟]
又,上述的製造方法,亦可進一步在防鏽油膜形成步驟與熱壓印步驟之間含有切料加工步驟。
在切料加工步驟,係對熱壓印用鋼板實施剪斷加工及/或沖切加工等而成形為特定的形狀。雖然切料加工後的鋼板之剪切面係容易產生氧化,但是在鋼板表面形成有防鏽油膜時,防鏽油亦某種程度擴展至剪切面。因此,能夠抑制切料加工後的鋼板產生氧化。
準備具有在表1所顯示的化學組成之鋼No.A~G的鋼板。
參照表1,任一種鋼的化學組成均在本實施形態的鋼板之較佳化學組成的範圍內。
使用具有上述化學組成之熔鋼,藉由連續鑄造法而製成鋼胚。將鋼胚熱軋而得到熱軋鋼板。將熱軋鋼板酸洗,酸洗之後實施冷軋而得到板厚為1.6mm的冷軋鋼板。將所得到的冷軋鋼板利用作為製造熱壓印鋼材之鋼板。
為了調查最高淬火硬度,採取具有鋼No.A~G各自的化學組成之鋼板的一部分,加熱至Ac3點以上的溫度且保持30分鐘之後,實施水淬火。任一鋼種的鋼板之水淬火後的組織均為全麻田散鐵。
對水淬火後的鋼板測定維氏硬度,將所得到的維氏硬度定義為各鋼的最高淬火硬度(HV)。維氏硬度試驗係依據JIS Z2244(2009),試驗力係設為10kgf=98.07N。
使用具有鋼No.A~F的化學成分之冷軋鋼板在表2中所顯示的條件下,進行鍍鋅處理、熱壓印及回火,來製成試驗號碼1~23的熱壓印鋼材。
對試驗號碼1~23的鋼板實施鍍鋅處理。在試驗號碼6,係藉由熔融鍍鋅處理而在鋼板形成熔融鍍鋅層(GI)。試驗號碼6以外的試驗號碼,係對具有熔融鍍鋅層之鋼板進一步實施合金化處理而形成合金化熔融鍍鋅層(GA)。合金化處理係將最高溫度設為約530℃,加熱約30秒之後,冷卻至室溫為止。
合金化熔融鍍鋅層內的Fe含量係以質量%為12%。Fe含量係使用以下的測定方法測定。首先,採取包
含合金化熔融鍍鋅層之鋼板的試樣。在試樣中的合金化熔融鍍鋅層內之任意5處,藉由EPMA(電子射線微量分析器)測定Fe含量(質量%)。將所測得的值之平均值,定義為該試驗號碼的合金化熔融鍍鋅層之Fe含量(質量%)。
使用以下的方法測定該等鍍敷層(熔融鍍鋅層或合金化熔融鍍鋅層)的附著量。首先,從各鋼板採取包含鍍敷層之試樣,依據JIS H0401而使用鹽酸將試樣的鍍敷層溶解。基於溶解前的試樣重量、溶解後的試樣重量、及形成有鍍敷層之面積而求取鍍層附著量(g/m2)。將測定結果顯示在表2。
形成鍍敷層之後,係對各試驗號碼的鋼板實施熱壓印。具體而言,係將各鋼板裝入將爐溫設定在鋼板的AC3點以上的溫度亦即900℃之加熱爐,藉由輻射熱而在鋼No.A~F的AC3點以上的溫度亦即900℃加熱4~8分鐘。此時,在裝入爐內之後2分鐘左右,鋼板溫度係成為900℃,而且將各鋼板在900℃均熱2分鐘~6分鐘。
均熱後,藉由具備水冷卻夾套之平板模具夾住鋼板來製成熱壓印鋼材(鋼板)。此時,即便熱壓印時冷卻速度為較慢的部分,亦以至麻田散鐵變態起始點為止的冷卻速度為50℃/秒以上之方式進行淬火。熱壓印後藉由EPMA求取Fe-Zn固熔體中Zn濃度。
而且,對熱壓印後的試驗號碼1~14、16~23實施回火。在本實施例,係將各鋼材裝入熱處理爐。亦即,對鋼材全體實施回火。各試驗號碼的回火溫度係如表2所顯
示,加熱時間係任一均設為5分鐘。不對試驗號碼15的鋼材實施回火。依照以上的步驟來製成試驗號碼1~23的熱壓印鋼材。
對該等試驗號碼1~14的熱壓印鋼材,進行維氏硬度試驗、鍍鋅層的微組織觀察。又,進行磷酸鹽處理性評價試驗,用以評定化成處理性。
[維氏硬度試驗]
從各試驗號碼的鋼材(鋼板)之板厚中央部的母材採取試樣。對試樣的表面(相當對鋼板的輥軋方向為垂直的面),依據JIS Z2244(2009)而實施維氏硬度試驗。試驗力係設為10kgf=98.07N。將所得到的維氏硬度B1(HV10)、及與最高淬火硬度B0之比亦即B1/B0×100(%)顯示在表2。
[鍍鋅層的微組織觀察]
從各試驗號碼的鋼材採取包含鍍鋅層之試樣。使用5質量%的NITAL將試樣的表面之中,對輥軋方向為垂直的剖面進行蝕刻。藉由2000倍的SEM觀察蝕刻後的鍍鋅層之剖面,來判斷有無固熔體層及板層。
能夠觀察到板層時,進而使用以下的方法求取板層的面積率。在上述剖面中任意5個視野(50μm×50μm),求取板層對鍍鋅層全體的面積之面積率(%)。此時,浮在表面而配置之Zn氧化物層(圖1中的符號30)係不被包含在鍍鋅層的面積。將所得到的固熔體層及板層之面積率(%)顯示在表2。
對在微組織觀察所觀察到的固熔體層,依照上述
的方法且藉由EPMA來實施測定。其結果,所觀察到的固熔體層中之Zn係任一者均為25~40質量%。
[SST試驗(Salt Spray Test)]
對各試驗號碼的熱壓印鋼材,使用以下的方法來實施SST試驗。使用聚酯膠帶將各試驗號碼的熱壓印鋼材(鋼板)之背面及端面密封。隨後,依據在JIS Z2371「鹽水噴霧試驗方法」所規定的試驗,對各鋼材的表面繼續實施6天(144小時)。求取試驗後的各鋼材之腐蝕減量(g/m2)。將所得到的腐蝕減量顯示在表2。
[磷酸鹽處理性評價試驗]
針對各試驗號碼的熱壓印鋼材,使用日本Parkerzing股份公司製的表面調整處理劑PREPAREN X(商品名)在室溫實施表面調整20秒。而且,使用日本Parkerzing股份公司製的磷酸鋅處理液Palbond 3020(商品名)而實施磷酸鹽處理。處理液的溫度係設為43℃,將熱壓印鋼材浸漬在處理液120秒鐘。
磷酸鹽處理後,使用1000倍的掃描型電子顯微鏡(SEM)觀察熱壓印鋼材的任意5個視野(125μm×90μm)且對SEM影像實施2值化處理。在2值化後的影像,白色部分係形成有微細的化成結晶。微細的化成結晶越多,係磷酸鹽處理性高。因此,使用經2值化的影像而求取白色部分的面積率TR。面積率TR係與不進行回火同等時,評定為可以(OK),面積率TR係30%以上時,係設作磷酸鹽處理性提升而評定為良好(GOOD)。將結果顯示在表2。
[試驗結果]
參照表2,在試驗號碼2~5、9、10、13、14、16、19、20、21、23之回火溫度為適當。因此,回火部的硬度B1為最高淬火硬度B0的85%以下。
而且,鍍鋅層中的固熔體層之面積率為80%以上,板層的面積率為20%以下。其結果,藉由SST試驗之腐蝕減量為130g/m2以下,與不實施回火之試驗號碼15的腐蝕減量大致同等。
另一方面,在試驗號碼1、6~8之回火溫度為太低。因此,雖然板層的面積率為20%以下,但是回火部的硬度B1係比最高淬火硬度B0的85%更高。又,在試驗號碼15,因為不進行回火,所以B1係成為接近B0之值。
試驗號碼11及12、17、18、22之回火溫度為脫離較佳範圍之結果,鍍鋅層中的板層之面積率為大於20%。因此,腐蝕減量係遠大於130g/m2。
又,鍍鋅層中的板層之面積率為5~20%以上時,耐蝕性不降低而化成處理性提升。
將上述的結果整理在表3且進行綜合評價。
針對硬度,在B1/B0×100為85(%)以下時評定為良好(GOOD),大於85(%)時評定為不良(NG)。又,針對耐蝕性,依照SST試驗之腐蝕減量為130g/m2以下時評定為良好(GOOD),大於130g/m2時評定為不良(NG)。而且,硬度及耐蝕性的任一者均良好(GOOD)時,係在綜合評定為良好(GOOD),任一者為不良(NG)時,係在綜合評定為不良(NG)。
以上,說明了本發明的實施形態。但是,因為上述的實施形態只不過是為了實施本發明之例子。因而,本發明不被上述的實施形態限定,在不脫離其宗旨之範圍內,能夠適當地變更上述的實施形態而實施。
依照本發明,能夠提供一種提供熱壓印鋼材,其相較於具有相同化學組成之先前的熱壓印鋼材,具有更高的衝撃吸收性,而且具有耐蝕性優異之鍍鋅層。
10‧‧‧固熔體層
20‧‧‧回火部
30‧‧‧Zn氧化物層
Claims (25)
- 一種熱壓印鋼材,具備:母材,其為包含回火部之鋼材,且當將加熱至Ac3點以上的溫度並保持30分鐘後實施了水淬火後從表面起算板厚1/4深度位置之維氏硬度定義為最高淬火硬度時,該回火部具有前述最高淬火硬度的85%以下之硬度;及鍍鋅層,其形成在前述母材的前述回火部上;其中前述鍍鋅層包含:固熔體層,其由含有Fe及已固熔於前述Fe的Zn之固熔體相構成;及板層,其由前述固熔體相及大寫加馬相構成;又前述鍍鋅層中之前述板層的面積率為20%以下。
- 如請求項1之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述回火部的前述硬度為前述最高淬火硬度的60%以下;前述鍍鋅層中之前述板層的前述面積率為5~20%。
- 如請求項1或2之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述回火部的前述硬度為前述最高淬火硬度的50%以下。
- 如請求項1或2之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述回火部的維氏硬度為180~450Hv。
- 如請求項3之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述回火部的維氏硬度為180~450Hv。
- 如請求項1或2之熱壓印鋼材,其係在預定加熱時間下加 熱至最高加熱溫度成為Ac3點以上後,藉由使用模具之壓製加工同時施行加工及淬火,之後藉由在預定回火溫度下進行回火而製造;當將前述母材的Ac1點以Ac1表示,將前述回火溫度以單位℃計且以T表示,並且將前述淬火後且前述回火前之鋼材的Fe-Zn固熔體中的Zn濃度以單位質量%計且以C表示時,滿足下述式1,Ac1≧T≧700-4.0×(35.0-C) (1)。
- 如請求項3之熱壓印鋼材,其係在預定加熱時間下加熱至最高加熱溫度成為Ac3點以上後,藉由使用模具之壓製加工同時施行加工及淬火,之後藉由在預定回火溫度下進行回火而製造;當將前述母材的Ac1點以Ac1表示,將前述回火溫度以單位℃計且以T表示,並且將前述淬火後且前述回火前之鋼材的Fe-Zn固熔體中的Zn濃度以單位質量%計且以C表示時,滿足下述式1,Ac1≧T≧700-4.0×(35.0-C) (1)。
- 如請求項4之熱壓印鋼材,其係在預定加熱時間下加熱至最高加熱溫度成為Ac3點以上後,藉由使用模具之壓製加工同時施行加工及淬火,之後藉由在預定回火溫度下進行回火而製造;當將前述母材的Ac1點以Ac1表示,將前述回火溫度以單位℃計且以T表示,並且將前述淬火後且前述回火前之鋼材的Fe-Zn固熔體中的Zn濃度以單位質量%計且 以C表示時,滿足下述式1,Ac1≧T≧700-4.0×(35.0-C) (1)。
- 如請求項5之熱壓印鋼材,其係在預定加熱時間下加熱至最高加熱溫度成為Ac3點以上後,藉由使用模具之壓製加工同時施行加工及淬火,之後藉由在預定回火溫度下進行回火而製造;當將前述母材的Ac1點以Ac1表示,將前述回火溫度以單位℃計且以T表示,並且將前述淬火後且前述回火前之鋼材的Fe-Zn固熔體中的Zn濃度以單位質量%計且以C表示時,滿足下述式1,Ac1≧T≧700-4.0×(35.0-C) (1)。
- 如請求項6之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述回火溫度為700℃至前述母材的Ac1點。
- 如請求項7之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述回火溫度為700℃至前述母材的Ac1點。
- 如請求項8之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述回火溫度為700℃至前述母材的Ac1點。
- 如請求項9之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述回火溫度為700℃至前述母材的Ac1點。
- 如請求項1或2之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分為前述回火部。
- 如請求項3之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分為前述回火部。
- 如請求項4之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分為 前述回火部。
- 如請求項5之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分為前述回火部。
- 如請求項6之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分為前述回火部。
- 如請求項7之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分為前述回火部。
- 如請求項8之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分為前述回火部。
- 如請求項9之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分為前述回火部。
- 如請求項10之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分為前述回火部。
- 如請求項11之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分為前述回火部。
- 如請求項12之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分為前述回火部。
- 如請求項13之熱壓印鋼材,其中前述母材中的一部分為前述回火部。
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