TWI531463B - 3d成型模組與3d成型裝置 - Google Patents

3d成型模組與3d成型裝置 Download PDF

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TWI531463B
TWI531463B TW103114857A TW103114857A TWI531463B TW I531463 B TWI531463 B TW I531463B TW 103114857 A TW103114857 A TW 103114857A TW 103114857 A TW103114857 A TW 103114857A TW I531463 B TWI531463 B TW I531463B
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molding
module
powder
movable base
coloring
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TW201540482A (zh
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陳朋暘
林文添
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三緯國際立體列印科技股份有限公司
金寶電子工業股份有限公司
泰金寶電通股份有限公司
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Priority to TW103114857A priority Critical patent/TWI531463B/zh
Priority to CN201410279512.6A priority patent/CN105014978B/zh
Priority to US14/559,863 priority patent/US20150306818A1/en
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Priority to US16/228,376 priority patent/US20190118464A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/188Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/214Doctor blades
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/218Rollers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/245Platforms or substrates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321Feeding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/002Coloured
    • B29K2995/0021Multi-coloured

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Description

3D成型模組與3D成型裝置
本發明是有關於一種3D成型裝置,特別是指一種可成型彩色物件的3D成型裝置及其3D成型模組。
近年來,由於3D快速成型(3D列印)的技術日漸進步與成熟,使3D快速成型的應用領域也越發廣泛,帶來了龐大的商業價值,因此現今眾多業者皆積極投入3D快速成型相關技術的研發。
在各種3D快速成型裝置中,應用選擇性熱燒結(Selective Heat Sintering,SHS)技術的3D成型裝置特別適用於PLA,ABS等熱塑性粉末的快速成型而廣受使用者青睞。現有應用SHS技術的3D成型裝置一般是先將須熱融成型的粉末鋪設為一粉末層,再對該粉末層選擇性地進行熱燒結,以使粉末層的一部分熱融結合為所需物件的形狀。藉由重複調整粉末層的高度及上述鋪粉、燒結的步驟,即可完成所需3D物件的成型。
然而,現有應用SHS技術之3D成型裝置產生 的物件只具有與粉末相同的單一顏色,若要讓物件具有多種不同的色彩,通常是在物件成型冷卻後再對物件表面塗噴染料上色,或在鋪設粉末層時使用多種不同顏色的粉末。但物件成型冷卻後塗噴染料的方式不易控制染料塗噴的位置,且物件吸收染料的效果也不佳而常導致色彩不均;而使用多種不同顏色的粉末的上色方式,除了要預先準備多種粉末,在鋪設粉末層時也須精準控制各色粉末的鋪設位置使3D成型裝置的結構複雜度提高。因此,現有的3D成型裝置顯然還有許多有待改善的空間。
因此,本發明之一目的,即在提供一種使成型物件具有多種顏色的3D成型模組。
本發明之另一目的,即在提供一種結構簡單且上色均勻的3D成型模組。
本發明之再一目的,即在提供一種具有上述3D成型模組的3D成型裝置。
於是,本發明3D成型裝置的實施態樣,適用於將粉末燒結成型。該3D成型裝置包含一機台主體、一升降成型台、一3D成型模組,及一模組驅動單元。機台主體包括一成型槽以供粉末鋪設。成型槽具有一連通外部之槽口。升降成型台位於成型槽內,並可相對機台主體上下位移地設裝於機台主體。3D成型模組裝設在機台主體,並可於槽口上方沿一第一方向相對機台主體移動。模組驅動單元用以驅動3D成型模組沿第一方向往復位移。
3D成型模組包含一可沿第一方向移動地裝設於機台主體的活動基座,及裝設於活動基座的一燒結機構、一上色機構,及一成型機構。燒結機構用以選擇性地燒結成型槽內之粉末。上色機構沿一第二方向移動,用以對燒結機構燒結後之粉末上色。成型機構用以將上色機構上色後的粉末加壓形成一3D物件層。
較佳地,該第一方向係垂直於該第二方向。
較佳地,該3D成型模組還包含一裝設於該活動基座的噴頭驅動機構;該噴頭驅動機構連接該上色機構與該活動基座,並用以驅動該上色機構沿該第二方向相對該活動基座往復移動。
較佳地,該上色機構具有多種顏色的墨水,並用以對該燒結機構燒結後之粉末噴墨以染上多種顏色。
較佳地,該成型機構為一滾輪。
較佳地,該成型機構為一壓平台。
較佳地,3D成型裝置還包含一裝設於該機台主體的鋪粉模組;該鋪粉模組可在該槽口上方往復位移,並用以在該成型槽內鋪設粉末。
較佳地,該3D成型模組更包含一刮料機構,該刮料機構裝設於該活動基座外側。
本發明之功效在於:利用在刮料機構與成型機構之間設置了一上色機構,使3D成型裝置對粉末上色以成型具有多種顏色的彩色3D物件,不但不須預先準備多種不同顏色的粉末,也不必精準地控制各種粉末的鋪設,大幅 降低了整體結構的複雜度使裝置成本得以下降。此外,上色機構是對熱融狀態或粉狀的粉末層噴墨,因此墨水能均勻地被吸收,提升了成型物件的上色品質。
100‧‧‧3D成型裝置
1‧‧‧機台主體
11‧‧‧成型槽
111‧‧‧槽口
2‧‧‧升降成型台
3‧‧‧3D成型模組
31‧‧‧活動基座
32‧‧‧刮料機構
33‧‧‧成型機構
34‧‧‧燒結機構
35‧‧‧上色機構
36‧‧‧噴頭驅動機構
37‧‧‧鋪粉機構
4‧‧‧模組驅動單元
5‧‧‧鋪粉模組
X‧‧‧第一方向
Y‧‧‧第二方向
L‧‧‧軸心
本發明實施態樣之前述及其他的特徵及功效,將於參照圖式的較佳實施例詳細說明中清楚地呈現,其中:圖1是一立體圖,說明本發明3D成型裝置的第一較佳實施例;圖2是一立體圖,說明該3D成型裝置的一3D成型模組;圖3是一側視示意圖,說明該3D成型裝置的使用;圖4是一類似圖3的視圖,說明該3D成型裝置的使用;圖5是一類似圖3的視圖,說明該3D成型裝置的使用;圖6是一立體圖,說明本發明中3D成型模組的第二較佳實施例;圖7是一立體圖,說明本發明中3D成型模組的第三較佳實施例;及圖8是一局部剖切示意圖,說明本發明中3D成型模組的第四較佳實施例。
有關本發明之前述及其他技術內容、特點與功效,在以下配合參考圖式之較佳實施例的詳細說明中,將可清楚地呈現。
參閱圖1及圖2,為本發明3D成型裝置100的第一較佳實施例。該3D成型裝置100適用於將粉末燒結成型,並包含一機台主體1、一升降成型台2、一3D成型模組3、一模組驅動單元4,及一鋪粉模組5。機台主體1包括一形成於頂端的成型槽11以供粉末鋪設。成型槽11具有一向上連通外部的槽口111。升降成型台2位於機台主體1的成型槽11內,並可相對機台主體1上下位移地設裝於機台主體1。3D成型模組3及鋪粉模組5裝設在機台主體1,並可於成型槽11的槽口111上方沿一第一方向X相對機台主體1往復移動。模組驅動單元4連接3D成型模組3、鋪粉模組5與機台主體1,並用以驅動3D成型模組3及鋪粉模組5沿第一方向X相對機台主體1往復位移。鋪粉模組5用以在成型槽11內鋪設粉末。
3D成型模組3包含一可沿第一方向X移動地裝設於機台主體1的活動基座31,及裝設於活動基座31的一刮料機構32、一成型機構33、一燒結機構34、一上色機構35及一噴頭驅動機構36。刮料機構32在本實施例中具體為一裝設於活動基座31外側的刮刀,並於活動基座31沿第一方向X移動時被帶動以刮平該等粉末鋪設成的粉末層。成型機構33在本實施例中為一長度對應槽口111的滾輪而可轉動地裝設於活動基座31,並沿第一方向X與刮料機 構32彼此間隔並排,且軸心L沿一垂直第一方向X的第二方向Y橫向延伸。燒結機構34位於刮料機構32與成型機構33之間,並用以選擇性地燒結成型槽內之粉末,在本實施例中燒結機構34為一熱轉印頭(Thermal Print Head,TPH)。上色機構35於本實施例中採用具有多種顏色墨水的彩色噴頭(Inkjet Print Head),並位於刮料機構32與成型機構33之間而可沿第二方向Y往復移動地裝設於活動基座31以選擇性地對燒結機構燒結後之粉末噴墨上色。噴頭驅動機構36連接上色機構35與活動基座31,並用以驅動上色機構35沿第二方向Y相對活動基座31往復移動以進行噴墨。在本較佳實施例中,噴頭驅動機構36具體包括了滑軌及伺服馬達(圖未示),然而在實際應用上噴頭驅動機構36的態樣並不以滑軌及伺服馬達為限,只須能驅動上色機構35沿第二方向Y相對活動基座31往復運動即可。
參閱圖3及圖4,為本發明3D成型裝置100使用時的示意圖。3D成型裝置100在使用時,首先利用模組驅動單元4(見圖1)驅動鋪粉模組5沿第一方向X移動至成型槽11的槽口111上方,並輸出粉末以在成型槽11內鋪設一粉末層(如圖3)。接著,模組驅動單元4驅動3D成型模組3沿第一方向X經過成型槽11的槽口111上方(如圖4),使3D成型模組3的刮料機構32、燒結機構34、上色機構35及成型機構33依序通過粉末層上。先利用刮料機構32刮平粉末層的頂面,以使粉末層均勻地產生適於燒結成型的厚度;再透過燒結機構34對平整的粉末層進行選擇 性的燒結,讓粉末層需成型為物件的部分燒結熱融而相互結合;接著,上色機構35受噴頭驅動機構36驅動而沿第二方向Y往復位移,藉此對燒結後呈熱融狀態的粉末層噴墨上色,藉此讓粉末層染上多種所需的顏色。最後,成型機構33接觸粉末層頂面將該上色機構35上色後的粉末加壓,並使粉末層冷卻成型且維持平整,至此即完成一層3D物件層的成型作業。
參閱圖5,在一層粉末層完成成型後,升降成型台2在成型槽11內高度降低,同時帶動已完成燒結成型的粉末層隨之下降,藉此使成型槽11頂部的空間增加以供下一層粉末層鋪設及燒結噴墨成型。利用重複進行上述鋪設粉末層、燒結、噴墨、加壓冷卻及調整高度的步驟,即能逐層成型完整的彩色3D物件。
要特別強調地,本發明3D成型裝置100在粉末層鋪設後才以上色機構35進行粉末的噴墨染色,因此只需使用一種單一的粉末即可讓成型物件具有多種變化的色彩。此外須注意地,在本實施例中上色機構35沿第一方向X與燒結機構34並排且位於燒結機構34及成型機構33之間,因此上色機構35能對燒結機構34燒結後呈熱融狀態的粉末層噴墨上色,使墨水與熱融的非固態粉末層混合而更加均勻地被吸收,讓3D成型物件的上色品質大幅提升,遠優於現有成型冷卻後才進行塗噴上色的效果。
參閱圖6,為本發明中3D成型模組3的第二較佳實施例。與第一較佳實施例大致相同,惟在第二較佳實 施例中,3D成型模組3的上色機構35與燒結機構34位置相較於第一較佳實施例彼此對調,使上色機構35位於燒結機構34與刮料機構32之間,藉此對燒結前呈粉狀的粉末層噴墨上色,使墨水與粉狀的粉末層混合上色,上色品質及便利性也優於現有成型冷卻後再上色的工法。
參閱圖7,為本發明中3D成型模組3的第三較佳實施例。與第一較佳實施例大致相同,惟在第三較佳實施例中,3D成型模組3還包含一裝設於活動基座31的鋪粉機構37。鋪粉機構37位於刮料機構32相反於燒結機構34的一側,並用以輸出粉末以鋪設為粉末層。藉由鋪粉機構37的設置,使3D成型裝置100即使省去原有鋪粉模組5的設置也能完成鋪設粉末層的程序,讓3D成型裝置100的體積更為精簡且結構複雜度降低。
參閱圖8,為本發明中3D成型模組3的第四較佳實施例。與第一較佳實施例大致相同,惟在第四較佳實施例中,成型模組3的成型機構33具體為一壓平台,利用壓平台往復地對上色機構35上色後的粉末加壓,藉此使粉末形成一3D物件層。
綜上所述,本發明利用設置在刮料機構32與成型機構33之間的上色機構35,使3D成型裝置100對鋪設為粉末層的粉末上色,藉此成型具有多種顏色的彩色3D物件,不但不須預先準備多種不同顏色的粉末,也不必精準地控制各種粉末的鋪設,大幅降低了整體結構的複雜度。另外,由於上色機構35位於刮料機構32與成型機構33之 間,因此上色機構35能對熱融狀態或粉狀的粉末層噴墨以讓墨水均勻地被吸收,相較於在粉末燒結冷卻凝固後再上色的方式不但成色效果更佳且上色難度下降。故確實能達到本發明之目的。
惟以上所述者,僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。
3‧‧‧3D成型模組
31‧‧‧活動基座
32‧‧‧刮料機構
33‧‧‧成型機構
34‧‧‧燒結機構
35‧‧‧上色機構
36‧‧‧噴頭驅動機構
X‧‧‧第一方向
Y‧‧‧第二方向
L‧‧‧軸心

Claims (11)

  1. 一種3D成型模組,其係包含:一活動基座,可沿一第一方向移動;一燒結機構,裝設於該活動基座,用以選擇性燒結粉末;一上色機構,裝設於該活動基座,且沿一第二方向移動,用以對該燒結機構燒結後之粉末上色;及一成型機構,裝設於該活動基座,並沿該第一方向將該上色機構上色後的粉末加壓形成一3D物件層。
  2. 如請求項1所述的3D成型模組,其中,該第一方向係垂直於該第二方向。
  3. 如請求項1所述的3D成型模組,還包含一裝設於該活動基座的噴頭驅動機構;該噴頭驅動機構連接該上色機構與該活動基座,並用以驅動該上色機構沿該第二方向相對該活動基座往復移動。
  4. 如請求項1所述的3D成型模組,其中,該上色機構具有多種顏色的墨水,並用以對該燒結機構燒結後之粉末噴墨以染上多種顏色。
  5. 如請求項1所述的3D成型模組,其中,該成型機構為一滾輪。
  6. 如請求項1所述的3D成型模組,其中,該成型機構為一壓平台。
  7. 一種3D成型裝置,其係包含:一機台主體,包括一供粉末鋪設的成型槽,該成型 槽具有一連通外部的槽口;一升降成型台,位於該成型槽內,並可相對該機台主體上下位移地設裝於該機台主體;一3D成型模組,裝設於該機台主體,並可於該槽口上方沿一第一方向往復位移,該3D成型模組包含:一活動基座,一燒結機構,裝設於該活動基座,用以選擇性燒結該成型槽內之粉末,一上色機構,裝設於該活動基座,且沿一第二方向移動,用以對該燒結機構燒結後之粉末上色,及一成型機構,裝設於該活動基座,並沿該第一方向將該上色機構上色後的粉末加壓形成一3D物件層;及一模組驅動單元,用以驅動該3D成型模組沿該第一方向往復位移。
  8. 如請求項7所述的3D成型裝置,還包含一裝設於該機台主體的鋪粉模組;該鋪粉模組可在該槽口上方往復位移,並用以在該成型槽內鋪設粉末。
  9. 如請求項7所述的3D成型裝置,其中,該3D成型模組更包含一刮料機構,該刮料機構裝設於該活動基座外側。
  10. 如請求項7所述的3D成型裝置,其中,該成型機構為一滾輪。
  11. 如請求項7所述的3D成型裝置,其中,該成型機構為一壓平台。
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