TWI523832B - 作爲水凝膠添加劑之以己內醯胺爲基礎的脂肪醯胺 - Google Patents
作爲水凝膠添加劑之以己內醯胺爲基礎的脂肪醯胺 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI523832B TWI523832B TW103120361A TW103120361A TWI523832B TW I523832 B TWI523832 B TW I523832B TW 103120361 A TW103120361 A TW 103120361A TW 103120361 A TW103120361 A TW 103120361A TW I523832 B TWI523832 B TW I523832B
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 41
- JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N epsilon-caprolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCN1 JBKVHLHDHHXQEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 32
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- XMKLTEGSALONPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrazinane-3,6-dione Chemical compound O=C1NNC(=O)NN1 XMKLTEGSALONPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(dioctadecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC OGQYPPBGSLZBEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);1,10-phenanthroline;dicyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YZAZXIUFBCPZGB-KVVVOXFISA-N octadec-9-enoic acid;(z)-octadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O YZAZXIUFBCPZGB-KVVVOXFISA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQFLGKYCYMMRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O RQFLGKYCYMMRMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C233/45—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
- C07C233/46—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C233/47—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
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- C07C237/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups
- C07C237/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton
- C07C237/22—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton having nitrogen atoms of amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton of the acid part, further acylated
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- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
- C11D1/528—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where at least one of the chains R1, R2 or R3 is interrupted by a functional group, e.g. a -NH-, -NR-, -CO-, or -CON- group
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Description
本發明係有關於載有一羧酸末端或呈鹽類型式之羧酸末端的脂肪醯胺添加劑,其係用作為用於水性組成物之水凝膠,特別是用於塗覆物或黏著劑,或用於纖維或織品的處理,或用於清潔劑、清除劑、防汙劑或絮凝劑(flocculating agents)。
各種可在水中膠化之系統係已知地且被用於各種應用中。
FR 2976948敘述一硼的酸,諸如硼酸與N-烷基醛醣醯胺(N-alkylaldonamide),特別是N-十二基-D-葡萄糖醯胺(dodecyl-D-glucoanamide)及一單價鹽類,諸如NaCl的三元組合,以於用於各種應用中,特別是用於清潔的一(鹽水)水性介質中獲得膠體。
該等已知的水凝膠包括該等以離胺酸衍生物為基礎者,如M.Suzuki et al.敘述於Chem.Soc.Rev.,2009,38,967-975中,其中用作有機凝膠的衍生物亦被敘述。在此等
衍生物中,對於起始於離胺酸的二脲酸酯、二胺酯或胺-脲酯衍生物有被說明。
水膠體的評論由L.A.Estroff et al.在Chemical Reviews,2004,104,3,1201-1217中進行,具有已知的該等特性分析及結構的評量。其中具有一水凝膠首端及一或兩個疏水鏈的習知兩性衍生物、具有經一疏水鏈連結之兩個疏水首端的博拉兩親分子(bolaamphiphiles)、具有由一具雙可撓性末端鏈之剛性分隔劑分離的雙離子性首端之表面活性劑、由糖類衍生之系統被指出。被認為的是沒有一種可應用地通則,使得可以在一分子之親水性及疏水性之間發現令人滿意地折衷方案(compromise),且同時亦沒有通則於形成一膠體於一水性介質的能力及預防纖維之沉澱的趨向兩者之間。
此等水膠體的缺點是,事實上他們係以胺基酸為基礎者,胺基酸可進行側反應且特別是未經控制的鏈伸長(根據製備該等膠體的條件),且可因此影響其等精細結構並同時影響其等作為膠體的效能。再者,該等被引用的文件無一者敘述或教示如何獲得由己內醯胺改質且具有經改良之效能的胺類添加劑,此是本發明之目標,用以克服現存技藝的該等缺點。
具體而言,本發明意欲開發由一己內醯胺(等同於一C6胺基酸)結構改質之新穎胺類添加劑,而不需訴諸胺基酸與自己縮合或訴諸酸類及胺類藉由伴隨將被移除之副產物的聚縮合而反應。此等經改質的醯胺使得可以使用一
可簡單且實用地進行的製備方法,藉由該己內醯胺之經控制的開環反應,以避免對一等量胺基酸而言難以預防的側反應,且不需要該最終產物的分離及/或純化階段,其在一水性介質中展現令人滿意地流變效能,而不影響可與其一同使用之對該於等水性黏結劑的特定效能。
本發明之第一標的為一以脂肪醯胺為基礎之水凝膠添加劑,該添加劑係一脂肪酸R1CO2H與己內醯胺之加成反應(無副產物,如在聚縮合反應中)的產物,且(該產物)載有一末端羧基官能團,呈酸形式或呈由一中和劑鹽化的形式,該添加劑由下列所組成或包含下列:得自該反應的3個不同醯胺化合物之混合物,且其特徵在於被併入之己內醯胺單元之數量n,該數量係各自為1、2及3,具有範圍自0.8至3之平均單位數量n(每分子平均),較佳自0.9至2.75且更佳自0.9至2.5。更特定的是,該等3個化合物可根據下列化學式(I)被界定並各自對應至n=1、n=2及n=3
R1-C(=O)-[NH(CH2)5C(=O)-]n-1-NH(CH2)5-CO2M (I)
其中M為-H,或在該鹽化形式狀況下M為一陽離子,該陽離子與該所述中和劑有關。
該脂肪酸R1CO2H包含範圍自10至24的碳原子數,其表示R1為包含自9至23個碳原子的烷基,其較佳為直鏈。
需注意的是,作為脂肪單酸R1CO2H之合適的實例,諸如癸酸至十一酸、十二烷酸或月桂酸、十三烷酸、十四烷酸(或肉荳蔻酸)、十五烷酸、十六烷酸(棕櫚酸)、十七烷酸、十八烷酸(硬脂酸)或其等之異構物及其等之混合物。
該脂肪酸R1CO2H亦可包含下列於其結構中:一乙烯系不飽和物,如油酸(9-十八碳烯酸)。
R1CO2H可包含下列於其結構中,一羥基官能基團,表示其可為一脂肪羥酸,諸如12-羥基硬脂酸、9-羥基硬脂酸及/或10-羥基硬脂酸或14-羥基二十烷酸,較佳單獨12-羥基硬脂酸或部分以9-羥基硬脂酸及/或10-羥基硬脂酸或14-羥基二十烷酸取代。R1CO2H可同時包含一乙烯系不飽和物及一OH官能基團,諸如,蓖麻酸(或12-羥基-9-十八碳烯酸)或14-羥基二十烷酸。較佳地,該脂肪酸R1CO2H不包含任何羥基(OH)或胺官能基團或其他可與己內醯胺反應之官能基團,為了避免任何潛在的側反應並更佳地控制該根據本發明之醯胺添加劑的最終結構及組成。
根據一可能地選擇,該所述醯胺添加劑係呈鹽化形式(一羧酸鹽的形式)且該中和劑係選自於有機或無機鹼。須注意的是,作為有機鹼的實例,係一級、二級或三級胺,最佳三級胺,為了形成為一四級銨鹽的陽離子M,該反陰離子為由該醯胺鏈載有的羧酸鹽。可注意的是,作為無機
鹼,係鹼金屬氫氧化物,諸如LiOH、NaOH或KOH,或鹼土金屬氫氧化物,諸如Ca(OH)2、Mg(OH)2或Ba(OH)2。
更特定的是,本發明之該添加劑可為呈微粒化粉末的形式,較佳具有小於50μm,較佳小於25μm的體積平均尺寸。此顆粒尺寸分佈可藉由雷射散射,諸如,例如於Malvern之Mastersizer® S上,在該乾燥粉末上直接測量。此技術係基於通過一雷射光束的顆粒繞射該光的原理,該繞射係根據不同角度,作為其等尺寸的函數:具有小尺寸的顆粒在大角度下繞射,而具有較大尺寸的顆粒在小角度下繞射。
本發明之該所述添加劑可被用於,特別是於水中呈該膠體型式,或做為水凝膠,且更佳以少於5%的重量含量,且再更佳於不超過1重量%的含量使用,此百分比係相對於該水+添加劑之重量而界定。
本發明之第二個標的係用於製備根據本發明之該水凝膠添加劑的方法,該方法包含脂肪酸R1CO2H及己內醯胺之間的一加成反應的階段,具有該己內醯胺對該脂肪酸範圍自0.8至3,較佳自0.9至2.75且更佳自0.9至2.5的莫耳比,該方法不包含任何分離或純化階段。
此反應係一在熔融態中的大量加成反應,其可在範圍自200℃至300℃的溫度下,以及在一惰性大氣下或於範圍自數bar的壓力至低於30bar的壓力下進行。一催化劑可被用於此反應,諸如,例如一路易士酸。在冷卻後,該獲得的產物藉由機械研磨或藉由一空氣噴槍在低於該熔點的
溫度下微粒化。一過篩可使得得以獲得一微細且經控制的顆粒尺寸分布,具有少於50μm之體積平均尺寸,較佳少於25μm,由雷射繞射,諸如,例如Malvern之Mastersizer® S上測量。
本發明之另一標的係一水性組成物,其包含,作為水凝膠的至少一如上所界定之添加劑或作為由本發明之該經敘述方法所獲得之添加劑。
此一水性組成物可為具有或不具有黏結劑的一水性組成物。不具有黏結劑,此可對應至該所述添加劑於水中的一簡單分散體,其作為水凝膠而操作。該水凝膠效應係藉由以一膠體的成形(achievement)而增加黏度所顯現,藉由於該形成之纖維性系統中的分子組合,隨著該水凝膠化成為介於該添加劑之該分子疏水性/親水性之間的折衷方案,另一方面,介於溶解等級(經限制但充足的)以及將被預防之朝向沉澱的趨勢之間的折衷方案。此亦可對應至水性分散劑的溶液或分散體,或用於需要清潔力的表面活性劑,或一油狀產品(植物或礦物或烴來源之油)的分散體,或被精細分離的固體產物(呈顆粒型式之樹脂的分散體)。
該水性組成物可為有機黏結劑的一組成物,其可為反應性或非反應性、單組分或二組分、單體或寡聚物或樹脂或聚合物,或單體及寡聚物或樹脂或聚合物的混合物。因其有關一水性介質,該等黏結劑可為水溶性、經由其等自身結構的可分散性,或使用一特定用於一水性介質的表面活性劑或分散劑而可分散於水中。
特別是,該水性組成物的該pH是鹼性,較佳為至少9,更佳為至少10。此pH係由一鹼的過量添加而調整,即,超過該所述添加劑之該末端羧酸官能基團的該簡單中和之添加,且此維持對於水中呈該膠體型式的相同有效性。
根據一第一較佳選擇,該所述組成物係一黏結劑組成物且較佳一水性塗覆組成物,特別是一水性清漆、塗料或墨水組成物,或一黏著劑組成物或一化妝品組成物或一用於處理纖維或織物的組成物,其等具有被用作流變添加劑的該所述水凝膠添加劑。
根據另一選擇,該所述水性組成物係一表面活性劑組成物,特別是一清潔劑或清除劑或防汙劑或絮凝劑組成物。於該等水性黏結劑組成物中,該所述醯胺添加劑係作為水凝膠存在,以將該應用組成物針對該應用組成物所計畫的該最終用途之特定原因而予以膠化。
本發明之另一標的係根據本發明上述之添加劑於水性組成物中作為水凝膠添加劑的用途。此一用途已於上面敘述,特別是於水性黏結劑組成物中,更特別是於水性塗覆物或黏著劑或化妝品組成物,或用於處理纖維或織物之組成物中,特別是作為流變添加劑。於水性組成物中的另一用途係有關表面活性劑組成物,且特別是清潔劑、清除劑、防汙劑或絮凝劑組成物。最後,由本發明之該添加劑作為水凝膠的使用而得之該等完工產品,諸如由作為水凝膠之用途所造成的塗覆物或一黏著劑或一化妝品或一
經處理之纖維或一經處理之織物或一清潔劑或一清除劑或一防汙劑或一絮凝劑,亦涵蓋於本發明中。由此等用途所得之該做為產物的水凝膠亦涵蓋於本發明中。
下列該等實例係藉由顯示本發明及其效能而被介紹,且不以任何方式限制此涵蓋的範圍。
113.16g之己內醯胺(1mol)及284.48g之硬脂酸(1mol),於氮氣流下被導入至一配備一溫度計、一冷凝器及一攪拌器的1升反應器中。該混合物接著被加熱至250℃,仍然於氮氣流下。該反應係由該黏度監控。15小時後,該黏度值成為定值(>0.32泊或>32mPa.s,於一Brookfield® CAP1000上於120℃下測量)且該反應混合物被冷卻至150℃並接著排放至一聚矽氧模具中。一旦冷卻至環境溫度,該產物藉由研磨而被機械性地微粒化。一過篩被進行以獲得一微細及經控制之顆粒尺寸分布,具有7μm的被獲得之
平均尺寸。
226.32克之己內醯胺(即,2mol)及284.48克之硬脂酸(即,1mol)於氮氣流下被導入至一配備一溫度計、一冷凝器及一攪拌器的1升反應器中。
該剩餘的程序係與敘述於實例1中者相同。
1. 該等水凝膠之評估的調配物
99克之軟化水、將被測試之1克之根據實例1及2所製備的研磨或微粒化添加劑(水凝膠),及數滴濃氫氧化鈉以較等當量大於4倍的量、該將被測試之水凝膠的該羧酸被導入至一配備一磁性攪拌棒的Erlenmeyer容器中。該Erlenmeyer容器隨後被關閉。該混合物接著於85℃下被攪拌多於5小時,以達到該水凝膠添加劑之完全溶解及一乳狀但無沉澱物的混合物。最後,該混合物被導入至一測試管中並接著留置於25℃下24小時。
在此等製備條件下,3個調配物被生產,為實例1之醯胺A1、實例2之醯胺A2,以及一硬脂酸做為比較參考。此等3個測試總結於下列表2中。
2. 該膠體的評估
該等3個調配物測試以兩種方式評估:首先根據該等經製備之調配物於該等測試管中,24小時後的外觀(見表3),並接著且特別根據在不同剪切速率下,於一Brookfield®黏度計上的其等之黏度(見表4)。
相對於硬脂酸,以1%之醯胺A1或A2所獲得的該等調配物呈一水凝膠之特徵的膠體形式存在。
對於該等黏度結果,其清楚顯示包含該醯胺
A1(測試2)的調配物係觸變性的(thixotropic)但仍然較水或包含該硬脂酸的調配物更為黏性的。
Claims (20)
- 一種以脂肪醯胺為基礎的水凝膠添加劑,特徵在於其係一脂肪酸R1CO2H與己內醯胺之該加成反應的產物,且載有一末端羧基官能基團,該基團呈酸形式或呈由一中和劑鹽化之形式,及特徵在於該所述添加劑係包含由該所述反應得到之3個不同醯胺化合物的混合物,且該3個不同醯胺化合物的特徵在於被併入之己內醯胺單元的數量n,其數量係各自為1、2及3,具有範圍自0.8至3之單元平均數量n(每分子平均),其中R1為包含自9至23個碳原子的直鏈烷基。
- 如請求項1之添加劑,特徵在於該等所述3個化合物係如下列化學式(I)所界定,且各自對應至n=1、n=2及n=3R1-C(=O)-[NH(CH2)5C(=O)-]n-1-NH(CH2)5-CO2M (I)其中M為-H,或在該所述鹽化之形式的狀況下M為一陽離子,該所述陽離子與該所述中和劑有關,以及其中R1為包含自9至23個碳原子的直鏈烷基。
- 如請求項1之添加劑,特徵在於該所述平均數量n係自0.9至2.75。
- 如請求項3之添加劑,特徵在於該所述數量n係自0.9至2.5。
- 如請求項1之添加劑,特徵在於該所述脂肪酸包含範圍自10至24之碳原子數。
- 如請求項1之添加劑,特徵在於該所述添加劑係呈一微 粒化粉末的形式。
- 如請求項6之添加劑,特徵在於該所述粉末具有少於50μm之體積平均尺寸。
- 如請求項7之添加劑,特徵在於所述尺寸係小於25μm。
- 如請求項1之添加劑,特徵在於其係呈該鹽化之形式且該所述中和劑係選自於有機或無機鹼。
- 如請求項1之添加劑,特徵在於其係於水中呈膠體形式或作為水凝膠。
- 如請求項10之添加劑,特徵在於其係以少於5%之重量含量存在。
- 如請求項11之添加劑,特徵在於其係以不超過1%之重量含量存在。
- 一種用於製備一如請求項1所界定之添加劑的方法,特徵在於其包含一脂肪酸R1CO2H及己內醯胺的加成反應之階段,該加成反應具有該所述己內醯胺相對於該所述脂肪酸範圍自0.8至3之莫耳比,該所述方法不包含任何分離或純化階段。
- 一種水性組成物,特徵在於其包含如請求項1所界定之添加劑或由如請求項13所界定之方法所獲得之添加劑之至少一者作為水凝膠。
- 如請求項14之組成物,特徵在於其具有一鹼性pH。
- 如請求項14之組成物,特徵在於其係一來自一水性塗覆組成物之水性黏結劑組成物,或一化妝品組成物,或一用於處理纖維或織物的組成物,其具有該所述水凝膠添 加劑被用作一流變添加劑。
- 如請求項14之組成物,特徵在於其係一表面活性劑組成物。
- 如請求項17之組成物,特徵在於其係一清潔劑或一清除劑或一防汙劑或一絮凝劑組成物。
- 一種水膠體,特徵在於其係一產物,該產物係得自如請求項1所界定之一添加劑或由如請求項13所界定之方法所獲得之添加劑的使用。
- 一種完工產品,其係得自如請求項1所界定之至少一添加劑或由如請求項13所界定之方法所獲得之添加劑作為水凝膠的使用,所述完工產品係選自於:塗覆物或黏著劑或化妝品或經處理之纖維或經處理之織物或清潔劑或清除劑或去汙劑或絮凝劑。
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US2956068A (en) * | 1956-08-28 | 1960-10-11 | Henkel & Compagnie G M B H | Preparation of acylamino carboxylic acids |
DE2355026A1 (de) * | 1973-11-03 | 1975-05-15 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Neue omega-amino-carbonsaeureamide, deren herstellung, sowie verwendung als antimikrobielle mittel |
US4022606A (en) * | 1973-11-03 | 1977-05-10 | Henkel & Cie G.M.B.H. | Antimicrobial use of ω-aminocarboxylic acid amides |
US5414099A (en) * | 1993-09-14 | 1995-05-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Synthesis of amido acids from carboxylic acids and lactams |
US6391844B1 (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 2002-05-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making a detergent composition by non-tower process |
-
2013
- 2013-06-28 FR FR1356315A patent/FR3007759B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-06-12 TW TW103120361A patent/TWI523832B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-06-16 EP EP14735630.7A patent/EP3013791B1/fr active Active
- 2014-06-16 KR KR1020167002547A patent/KR20160027098A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2014-06-16 US US14/899,169 patent/US20160144327A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-06-16 WO PCT/FR2014/051471 patent/WO2014207343A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2014-06-16 JP JP2016522696A patent/JP6190054B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-06-16 BR BR112015030478A patent/BR112015030478A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-06-16 CN CN201480037116.0A patent/CN105339345B/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20160027098A (ko) | 2016-03-09 |
BR112015030478A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
TW201502113A (zh) | 2015-01-16 |
CN105339345A (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
FR3007759B1 (fr) | 2015-07-24 |
CN105339345B (zh) | 2018-01-05 |
EP3013791A1 (fr) | 2016-05-04 |
JP6190054B2 (ja) | 2017-08-30 |
WO2014207343A1 (fr) | 2014-12-31 |
FR3007759A1 (fr) | 2015-01-02 |
JP2016529343A (ja) | 2016-09-23 |
EP3013791B1 (fr) | 2018-01-17 |
US20160144327A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
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