TWI488957B - 用於增加蒸汽裂解物及重組進料之彈性方法 - Google Patents

用於增加蒸汽裂解物及重組進料之彈性方法 Download PDF

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TWI488957B
TWI488957B TW103118856A TW103118856A TWI488957B TW I488957 B TWI488957 B TW I488957B TW 103118856 A TW103118856 A TW 103118856A TW 103118856 A TW103118856 A TW 103118856A TW I488957 B TWI488957 B TW I488957B
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Gregory A Funk
Steven T Arakawa
Matthew Lippmann
Mary Jo Wier
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Uop Llc
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    • C10G61/00—Treatment of naphtha by at least one reforming process and at least one process of refining in the absence of hydrogen
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    • C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
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Description

用於增加蒸汽裂解物及重組進料之彈性方法 優先權聲明
本申請案主張於2014年4月24日提出申請之美國申請案第14/260,812號(其主張於2013年8月7日提出申請之美國臨時申請案第61/863,019號之權益)之優先權，該申請案之全部內容皆以引用方式併入本文中。
本發明係關於自重烴流產生芳香族化合物之方法及系統。具體而言，此方法增加自烴進料產生芳香族化合物及輕質烯烴之產率及彈性。
重組石油原材料係用於產生有用產品之重要方法。一重要方法係分離並升級用於馬達燃料之烴，例如在汽油生產中產生石油腦給料流並升級石油腦之辛烷值。然而，來自原始石油來源之烴給料流包含產生有用的化學前驅物用於生產塑膠、洗滌劑及其他產品。
汽油升級係重要的方法，且改良石油腦給料流之轉換率來增加辛烷值已呈現於美國專利3,729,409；3,753,891；3,767,568；4,839,024；4,882,040；及5,242,576中。該等方法涉及多種方式以增加辛烷值、且尤其增加汽油之芳香族化合物含量。
方法包含使用不同觸媒(例如對於較低沸點烴使用單金屬觸媒或非酸性觸媒，且對於較高沸點烴使用雙金屬觸媒)分裂給料及操作若干重組器。其他改良包含新的觸媒，如美國專利4,677,094；6,809,061；及7,799,729中所呈現。然而，該等專利中所呈現之方法及觸媒存在限制，且可使成本顯著增加。
輕質烯烴通常係經由蒸汽或催化裂解方法而產生，且包括乙烯及丙烯。輕質烯烴亦源自與汽油相同之進料。由於石油來源之可用度有限且成本較高，故自該等石油來源產生輕質烯烴之成本逐漸增加。轉化進料中之組份用於輕質烯烴及汽油池之能力使得製造商能夠經濟地選擇最重要的產品線，且能夠以有效方式轉化一些烴組份。
本發明呈現在處理石油腦給料中用於改良輕質烯烴、重組油之產率且提供彈性之方法。本發明之第一實施例係增加輕質烯烴及重組油產率之方法，其包括將烴給料流之第一部分傳送至分餾塔，以產生包括C6化合物及較輕組份之塔頂流及包括重烴之底部流；將塔頂流傳送至裂解單元，將底部流傳送至分離單元，以產生包括正構烴之萃取物流及包括非正構烴之萃餘物流；及將萃取物流傳送至裂解單元以產生輕質烯烴。
本發明之第二實施例係用於增加輕質烯烴產率之方法，其包括將烴流傳送至分餾塔以產生包括nC4及較輕烴之第一塔頂流及包括C5及重烴之第一底部流；將第一底部流傳送至分離單元，以產生包括正構烴之萃取物流及包括非正構烴之萃餘物流；將萃餘物流傳送至重組單元以產生重組油流；及將萃取物流傳送至裂解單元以產生輕質烯烴。本發明之一實施例係此段落中直至此段落中之第二實施例之一個、任一個或所有先前實施例，其進一步包括將萃餘物流傳送至萃餘物分離系統，以產生包括C5及C6烴之第二塔頂流、包括C7及較重烷 烴與C6及較重芳香族化合物及環烷之中間流以及包括解吸劑之第二底部流。
本發明之第三實施例係用於在汽油產生中提供彈性之方法，將烴流傳送至分餾塔，以產生包括nC4及較輕烴之第一塔頂流以及包括C5及較重烴之第一底部流；將第一底部流傳送至氫化單元，以產生乙炔、二烯烴、硫及氮含量減小之經處理底部流；將經處理底部流傳送至分離單元，以產生包括正構烴之萃取物流及包括非正構烴之萃餘物流；將萃餘物流傳送至重組單元以產生重組油流；及將萃取物流之一部分傳送至裂解單元以產生輕質烯烴。本發明之一實施例係此段落中直至此段落中之第三實施例之一個、任一個或所有先前實施例，其進一步包括將萃取物流傳送至萃取物分離系統，以產生包括C5及C6正構烷烴之第二塔頂流、包括C7及較重正構烷烴之中間流以及包括解吸劑之第二底部流。
在一實施例中，該方法包含使用異構化單元來轉換C5-C6流。異構化單元可用於將iC5-iC6流轉換成iC5-iC6及正構C5及C6組份之混合物以增加輕質烯烴之產率。在替代性實施例中，可使nC5-nC6之流通過異構化單元以將該流轉換成iC5-iC6與正構C5及C6組份之混合物來增加汽油池之產率。
根據以下實施方式及圖式，彼等熟習此項技術者將明瞭本發明之其他目標、優點及應用。
6‧‧‧第二部分
8‧‧‧第一部分
10‧‧‧石油腦分裂器
12‧‧‧塔頂流
14‧‧‧底部流
20‧‧‧裂解單元
22‧‧‧製程流
30‧‧‧氫化處理單元
32‧‧‧經處理流
40‧‧‧重組單元
42‧‧‧重組油流
50‧‧‧分離單元
52‧‧‧萃取物流
54‧‧‧萃餘物流
60‧‧‧萃餘物分離系統
62‧‧‧萃餘物塔頂流
64‧‧‧中間萃餘物流
66‧‧‧萃餘物底部流
70‧‧‧異構化單元
72‧‧‧異構油流
80‧‧‧萃取物分離系統
82‧‧‧萃取物塔頂流
84‧‧‧中間萃取物流
86‧‧‧萃取物底部流
圖1係顯示將石油腦流分裂成至裂解單元之給料及至重組單元之給料之方法的基本情形；圖2係顯示分離石油腦分裂器底部流以增加輕質烯烴產率之實施例；圖3係顯示分離石油腦分裂器底部流並異構化以增加輕質烯烴產 率之實施例；且圖4係顯示分離石油腦分裂器底部流並異構化以增加汽油摻和池產率之實施例。
本發明呈現用於增加輕質烯烴之產率或轉化以增加自烴進料至汽油摻和池之烴組份的方法。該方法包含將石油腦進料分離成更易於在裂解單元中進行處理之第一流或裂解單元給料流組份及更易於在重組單元中進行處理之第二流或重組單元給料流組份。該方法包含將組份自裂解流轉換至重組流並將組份自重組流轉換至裂解流之能力。
石油腦給料流之處理可用於產生輕質烯烴，並為汽油摻和池或重組組份提供烴組份，以產生欲傳送至芳香族化合物複合物之芳香族化合物。如圖1中所顯示之基本方法包含將石油腦給料流分裂成兩部分，第二部分6及第一部分8。第二部分之量可少至0，或可包含所有石油腦給料流，此端視產物之選擇而定。將第二部分6傳送至裂解單元20以產生具有輕質烯烴之製程流22。輕質烯烴包含乙烯及丙烯。將石油腦給料流之第一部分8傳送至石油腦分裂器10以產生塔頂流12及底部流14。塔頂流12包含石油腦給料流中之C6及較輕組份。底部流14包含石油腦給料流中之C6及較重組份。較重組份之典型範圍係C5至C11烴。基於烴組份之相對沸點操作之分裂器10及分裂器塔頂流12可包括沸點等於或低於甲基環戊烷(MCP)之組份。可改變操作條件以調節期望塔頂組合物，包含改變操作條件以具有包括C4及較輕組份之塔頂流12以及包括C5及較重組份之底部流14。將塔頂流12傳送至裂解單元20。將底部流14傳送至氫化處理單元30以產生經處理流32。將經處理流32傳送至重組單元40以產生芳香族化合物含量增加之重組油流42。
烴流中之正構組份比非正構組份更容易裂解形成輕質烯烴。正 構組份亦比非正構組份更難重組成芳香族化合物。此外，具支鏈烷烴係用於汽油摻和池之優於正構組份之組份。正構與非正構組份之分離組合將不同流傳送至適宜下游處理單元改良裂解及重組石油腦之彈性及經濟效益。將正構組份轉換成非正構組份之能力允許烴組份自進給至裂解單元之流轉移至用於產生汽油組份之流。
在一實施例中，如圖2中所顯示，該方法係用於增加輕質烯烴及重組油產率。該方法包含將烴給料流之第一部分8傳送至分餾塔10，以產生包括C6及較輕組份之塔頂流12以及包括較重組份之底部流14。將塔頂流12傳送至裂解單元20以產生包含輕質烯烴之製程流22。將底部流14傳送至氫化處理單元30以產生經處理底部流32。氫化處理單元30移除雜質以保護下游觸媒及吸附劑。所移除之雜質包含硫化合物及氮化合物。此外，可對烴化合物(例如乙炔及二烯烴)實施一定程度之氫化。該等化合物係反應性更強之化合物，且該等化合物之氫化可減少一些下游副反應，例如聚合。
將經處理底部流32傳送至分離單元50以產生萃取物流52及萃餘物流54。分離單元50較佳係吸附分離單元，且包含選擇性吸附來自經處理底部流之組份之吸附劑。在一實施例中，吸附劑係經選擇以自流32優先吸附正構組份，同時排斥非正構組份。萃取物流52包括介於C5至C11範圍內之正構烴，且萃餘物流54包括來自底部流之非正構組份。非正構組份包含具支鏈烷烴、環烷及芳香族化合物。將萃取物流52傳送至裂解單元20以增加來自烴給料流之輕質烯烴產率。在一實施例中，烴給料流係石油腦給料流。儘管本發明實施例係藉由石油腦給料流來例示，但該方法並不限於石油腦給料流，且可包含具有與石油腦給料流重疊之組合物之任何給料流。對於石油腦給料流，裂解單元20可為石油腦蒸汽裂解單元。
在一實施例中，該方法進一步包含將萃餘物流54傳送至重組單 元40以產生芳香族化合物含量增加之重組油流42。
該方法可進一步包含將烴給料流之第二部分6傳送至裂解單元20。
通常使用石油腦來產生乙烯及丙烯。業內已知正構烷烴、正烷烴較佳比非正構烷烴相對容易裂解。同樣，使用石油腦作為重組進料以產生可用於芳香族化合物複合物中或用作汽油摻和池之一部分之芳香族化合物。非正構烷烴亦係可用於汽油摻和池或重組之組份。增加轉換石油腦進料以產生輕質烯烴或產生汽油或芳香族化合物之能力可提高精煉廠之經濟效益。
在一實施例中，如圖3中所顯示，該方法增加輕質烯烴產率。該方法包含將烴給料流8傳送至分餾單元10。分餾單元10產生包括C4及較輕烴組份之塔頂流12以及包括C5及較重組份之底部流14。將塔頂流12傳送至裂解單元20以產生具有輕質烯烴之製程流22。將底部流14傳送至氫化處理單元30以產生經處理底部流32。將經處理底部流32傳送至分離單元50以產生包括正構烴之萃取物流52及包括非正構烴之萃餘物流54。非正構烴包含具支鏈烷烴、環烷及芳香族化合物。將萃取物流52傳送至裂解單元20。
將萃餘物流54傳送至萃餘物分離系統60，且產生萃餘物塔頂流62、中間萃餘物流64及萃餘物底部流66。分離單元50包括吸附分離系統，且包含使用解吸劑作為吸附分離方法中之工作流體。萃餘物底部流66包括解吸劑且再循環回分離單元50。中間萃餘物流包括萃餘物流中之非正構C7至C11烷烴及C6至C11芳香族化合物以及環烷組份。萃餘物塔頂流62包括來自萃餘物流之iC5及iC6組份。
將萃餘物塔頂流62傳送至異構化單元70以產生異構油流72。異構化單元70包括攜載烴組份之混合物且將該等組份異構化以產生異構油流72之新組成的催化反應器。異構化方法可將具支鏈烷烴轉換成正 構烷烴，或可用於將正構烷烴轉換成具支鏈烷烴。在此實施例中，至異構化單元之給料係由具支鏈烷烴組成，且將產生具支鏈及正構烷烴之混合物。將異構油流72傳送至分離單元50。此實施例會增加所產生正構烷烴之量且增加至裂解單元20之給料。增加至裂解單元之正構烷烴之給料會增加裂解製程流22所產生之輕質烯烴之量。
在一實施例中，如圖4中所顯示，該方法提供增加汽油產生或增加芳香族化合物產生之彈性。該方法包含將烴給料流8傳送至分餾單元10。分餾單元10產生包括C4及較輕烴組份之塔頂流12以及包括C5及較重組份之底部流14。將塔頂流12傳送至裂解單元20以產生具有輕質烯烴之製程流22。將底部流14傳送至氫化處理單元30以產生經處理底部流32。將經處理底部流32傳送至分離單元50以產生包括正構烴之萃取物流52及包括非正構烴之萃餘物流54。非正構烴包含具支鏈烷烴及烯烴、環烷及芳香族化合物。
將萃餘物流54傳送至萃餘物分離系統60，且產生萃餘物塔頂流62、中間萃餘物流64及萃餘物底部流66。分離單元50包括吸附分離系統，且包含使用解吸劑作為吸附分離方法中之工作流體。萃餘物底部流66包括解吸劑且再循環回分離單元50。中間萃餘物流包括萃餘物流中之非正構C7至C11烷烴及C6至C11芳香族化合物以及環烷組份。萃餘物塔頂流62包括來自萃餘物流之iC5及iC6組份，然後可將其傳送至汽油摻和池或其他期望下游製程。
將萃取物流52傳送至萃取物分離系統80，且產生萃取物塔頂流82、中間萃取物流84及萃取物底部流86。萃取物底部流86包括解吸劑且再循環至吸附分離單元50。萃取物中間流84包括C7至C11正構烷烴且傳送至裂解單元20以產生輕質烯烴。
萃取物塔頂流82包括nC5及nC6烷烴，且傳送至異構化單元70以產生異構化製程流72。將異構化製程流72傳送至分離單元10以將正構 烷烴流轉換成正構及具支鏈烷烴之混合物。此實施例會增加具支鏈烷烴之量且增加來自分離單元10之萃餘物之量。此提供iC5及iC6之增加，且使萃餘物塔頂流62增加或使至汽油摻和池之給料增加。
萃取物分離系統及/或萃餘物分離系統可包括一或多個分餾塔用於將各別萃取物或萃餘物流分離成多個流。萃取物分離及/或萃餘物分離系統之選擇包含分隔壁塔或用於分離烴流之其他構件。
在以下結果中可見分離單元10之添加，其中正構烴含量及芳香族化合物含量實質增加。此有助於增加用於裂解之輕質烯烴。添加異構化亦顯示可增加正構烴及芳香族化合物。此提供現有設備之有用增加。
情形1提供目前工業中所用標準處理之比較，其中將直餾石油腦在最少準備之情況下進料至蒸汽裂解器。直餾石油腦可與來自單獨石油腦流之經處理用於催化重組單元之輕餾分組合。石油腦中之正構烴通常介於15重量%至30重量%範圍內。藉由添加分離單元，分離可增加用於至裂解單元之給料之正構烴之量，如情形2中所顯示。添加異構化單元允許進一步改良至裂解單元及重組單元之給料之品質。至重組單元之給料之品質(N+2A或芳香族潛含量)顯示處理會改良來自重組單元之產率。
添加異構化單元亦允許設備操作者更彈性地控制至裂解單元或重組單元之給料但不改變烴流之品質。異構化單元允許增加正構烴之 量或呈iC5及iC6形式之具支鏈烷烴之量。
儘管已藉由當前視為較佳實施例者來闡述本發明，但應理解，本發明並不限於所揭示之實施例，而意欲涵蓋隨附申請專利範圍之範疇內所包含之各種修改及等效配置。
6‧‧‧第二部分
8‧‧‧第一部分
10‧‧‧石油腦分裂器
12‧‧‧塔頂流
14‧‧‧底部流
20‧‧‧裂解單元
22‧‧‧製程流
30‧‧‧氫化處理單元
32‧‧‧經處理流
40‧‧‧重組單元
42‧‧‧重組油流

Claims (10)

  1. 一種增加輕質烯烴及重組油產率之方法，其包括：將烴給料流之第一部分傳送至分餾塔，以產生包括C6化合物及較輕組份之塔頂流以及包括較重烴之底部流；將該塔頂流傳送至裂解單元；將該底部流傳送至分離單元，以產生包括正構烴之萃取物流及包括非正構烴之萃餘物流；及將該萃取物流傳送至該裂解單元以產生輕質烯烴。
  2. 如請求項1之方法，其中該烴給料流係石油腦。
  3. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括：將該底部流傳送至氫化處理單元以產生經處理底部流；及將該經處理底部流傳送至該分離單元。
  4. 如請求項1之方法，其中該分離單元係吸附分離單元。
  5. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括將該萃餘物流傳送至重組單元以產生包括芳香族化合物之重組油流。
  6. 如請求項5之方法，其進一步包括將重組油流傳送至重組油分離系統，以產生包括C5及C6烴之第二塔頂流、包括C7及較重烷烴與C6及較重芳香族化合物及環烷之中間流以及包括解吸劑之第二底部流。
  7. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括將該烴給料流之第二部分傳送至該裂解單元。
  8. 如請求項1之方法，其中該裂解單元係石油腦蒸汽裂解單元。
  9. 如請求項1之方法，其進一步包括將該萃餘物流之一部分傳送至異構化單元，以產生包括異烷烴及正構烷烴之異構化製程流。
  10. 如請求項9之方法，其進一步包括將該異構化製程流傳送至該分離單元且將該等正構烷烴傳送至該裂解單元。
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