TWI474338B - 用於修理核心噴灑管線彎頭熔接接合的裝置及方法 - Google Patents

用於修理核心噴灑管線彎頭熔接接合的裝置及方法 Download PDF

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TWI474338B
TWI474338B TW97142365A TW97142365A TWI474338B TW I474338 B TWI474338 B TW I474338B TW 97142365 A TW97142365 A TW 97142365A TW 97142365 A TW97142365 A TW 97142365A TW I474338 B TWI474338 B TW I474338B
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Grant Clark Jensen
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L3/00—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
    • F16L3/08—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing
    • F16L3/12—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing comprising a member substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing
    • F16L3/1226—Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing comprising a member substantially surrounding the pipe, cable or protective tubing elongated supports, e.g. to support a curved pipe
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectable pipe joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive, or caulked joints
    • F16L13/02—Welded joints
    • F16L13/04—Welded joints with arrangements preventing overstressing
    • F16L13/06—Welded joints with arrangements preventing overstressing with tension-relief of the weld by means of detachable members, e.g. divided tensioning rings, bolts in flanges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/017—Inspection or maintenance of pipe-lines or tubes in nuclear installations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C19/00—Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
    • G21C19/20—Arrangements for introducing objects into the pressure vessel; Arrangements for handling objects within the pressure vessel; Arrangements for removing objects from the pressure vessel
    • G21C19/207—Assembling, maintenance or repair of reactor components
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718—Repairing
    • Y10T29/49732—Repairing by attaching repair preform, e.g., remaking, restoring, or patching
    • Y10T29/49734—Repairing by attaching repair preform, e.g., remaking, restoring, or patching and removing damaged material
    • Y10T29/49735—Mechanically attaching preform with separate fastener
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49718—Repairing
    • Y10T29/49732—Repairing by attaching repair preform, e.g., remaking, restoring, or patching
    • Y10T29/49739—Mechanically attaching preform by separate fastener
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49948—Multipart cooperating fastener [e.g., bolt and nut]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
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    • Y10T29/49963—Threaded fastener

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Description

用於修理核心噴灑管線彎頭熔接接合的裝置及方法
本發明一般係關於彎頭熔接接合，且更特別地用於修理或結構性更換沸水式核子反應器中的彎頭熔接接合之設備及方法。
運轉沸水式反應器之核心噴灑管路系統典型具有熔接架構。然而，核心噴灑管路系統的熔接易受粒間應力腐蝕裂縫(IGSCC)的影響。結果，核心噴灑管線中的彎頭熔接接合可能會有裂縫。
一般在大部份運轉反應器中，核心噴灑冷卻水係藉由反應器容器內部的管路傳送至反應器核心區。內部管路的一部份係隨著反應器容器壁的曲率半徑之水平段。圖1顯示例示性核心噴灑管線。水平管路的近端係在核心噴灑嘴穿透連接至T箱。此水平核心噴灑管線的遠端係熔接至短半徑彎頭。將核心噴灑管線的遠端接合至短半徑彎頭之熔接係指定為P4a熔接，且將短半徑彎頭接合至降流管之熔接係指定為P4b熔接如圖1所示。
於裂縫應發生於P4a熔接之情況，將損失傳送冷卻水至反應器核心之核心噴灑管線的結構整體性。於周圍穿壁裂縫應發生在核心噴灑管線中的此熔接位置之情況，將需要先發性修理以防止P4a熔接的分離。
於例示性實施例，本發明提供一種彎頭夾緊組件，其結構地支承或取代主管(直或彎曲)及彎頭管間之連接。該彎頭夾緊組件包括：上夾緊本體及下夾緊本體，可以對向關係固定在該主管的相對側上，該上及下夾緊本體係藉由可延伸穿過該主管之夾緊螺栓而連接；彎頭軸套，可固定至該彎頭管；及交叉螺栓，可延伸穿過該彎頭管且連接在該彎頭軸套及交叉螺栓之間。
於另一例示性實施例，該彎頭夾緊組件包括與該上及下夾緊本體的一者連接且可與該夾緊螺栓的頭部接合之鎖定機構與附接至彎頭軸套之固定機構，其中該固定機構係可與該交叉螺栓的頭部接合。
於另一例示性實施例，本發明提供一種使用彎頭夾緊組件結構地支承或取代主管(直或彎曲)及彎頭管間的連接的方法，該彎頭夾緊組件包括上夾緊本體與下夾緊本體、可固定至該彎頭管之彎頭軸套、及連接在該彎頭軸套及該夾緊螺栓之間的交叉螺栓，該方法包含：將穿過該主管及該彎頭管之第一孔口形成於接合區；以將該上夾緊本體及該下夾緊本體固定在該主管的相對側上；藉由可延伸穿過該第一孔口的夾緊螺栓而連接該上及下夾緊本體；形成穿過該彎頭管之第二孔口；藉由延伸該交叉螺栓穿過該第二孔口以及連接該交叉螺栓至該夾緊螺栓，將該彎頭軸套固定至該彎頭管。
本文中所述之夾緊裝置結構地支承或取代主管(成直線或彎曲以與反應器容器的圓柱形內部表面同圓心)及彎頭管間的連接，且特別地，取代沸水式核子反應器中將核心噴灑水平管路接合至短半徑彎頭之P4a熔接。夾緊裝置應用於具有不同尺寸的核心噴灑管線之反應器工廠。
圖2顯示安裝在核心噴灑管線上之彎頭夾緊組件10。圖3及4係彎頭夾緊組件10的等角視圖。彎頭夾緊組件10包括：上夾緊本體12及下夾緊本體14，其與核心噴灑管線的水平剖面對接。夾緊本體12、14係藉由夾緊螺栓16及螺帽18而固持定位在水平管路上，夾緊螺栓16通過形成於水平管路之孔，及夾緊螺帽18旋至夾緊螺栓16的端。彎頭軸套17可固定於彎頭管，且交叉螺栓19可延伸穿過彎頭管且連接在彎頭軸套17及夾緊螺栓16之間。
核心噴灑管線的外徑可變化於指定製造公差內。而且，已形成彎曲管最可能具有些微橢圓形橫剖面。因而，機械加工成上及下夾緊本體12、14之曲率半徑係些微小於管路的曲率的標稱半徑。此確保夾緊本體12、14將與核心噴灑管線適當地成介面。
上及下夾緊本體12、14兩者具有球形座面20，球形座面20分別地與夾緊螺帽18及夾緊螺栓16的球形座面配對(見圖5及6)。再者，上夾緊本體12結合有形狀的(非圓形，最好是方形)機械加工凹部22，其與夾緊螺帽18對接以防止夾緊螺帽18的旋轉。上及下夾緊本體12、14最好是機械加工成與彎曲管對接(亦即，機械加工表面於彎曲管所界定的工廠中而跟隨或極似管的曲率)。
下夾緊本體14容納夾緊螺栓保持器24(圖7)，其留在下夾緊本體14中的機械加工凹部26。夾緊螺栓保持器24係藉由保持器24及下夾緊本體14共用之對接特徵而固持限制在三個分開位置。夾緊螺栓保持器24的功能係用於防止夾緊螺栓16的旋轉，且因此限制夾緊螺栓預負載(以下將詳述)。
夾緊螺帽18的內螺紋與夾緊螺栓16的外螺紋配對。螺帽18具有大致方形及球形座面，其與上夾緊本體12對接。夾緊螺栓16的遠端係機械加工成些微小於夾緊螺帽18的次螺紋直徑之直徑，以促成夾緊螺帽18的遠隔安裝。
參照圖8，夾緊螺栓軸的中心包括具有增大直徑的部位28。此部位28與交叉螺栓19的頭部30對接。當交叉螺栓19的頭部30在安裝時停留在凸唇32時，與此中心部位28結合的是確定交叉螺栓19相對於夾緊螺栓16的適當定位之小唇或凸緣32。
夾緊螺栓16的近端結合球形座面34及棘輪齒36，其分別與夾緊螺栓保持器24的下夾緊本體14及齒38對接。夾緊螺栓保持器24的形狀最好如同髮夾緊，其基本上由接合在一端之二懸臂樑組成。在第一及第二懸臂樑的自由端以及在該二樑接合一起之共同端，有限制特徵。再者，在第一及第二懸臂樑的端之限制特徵亦結合齒36，齒36與夾緊螺栓16的齒38對接且作用來限制夾緊螺栓16對增加螺栓預負載的方向的旋轉(亦即，防止夾緊螺栓失去螺栓預負載)。
交叉螺栓19的頭部或遠端30與夾緊螺栓16對接。交叉螺栓19的端最好是球形，以最小化核心噴灑流量流的流體流量阻抗。交叉螺栓19的近端設計有外螺紋，該外螺紋與交叉螺帽40的內螺紋配對。交叉螺栓19的極遠端最好是機械加工成些微小於交叉螺帽40的次螺紋直徑之直徑，因此形成促成交叉螺帽40的遠隔安裝之引入。
交叉螺帽40支承在圖4及9所示之交叉螺帽保持器42上，交叉螺帽保持器42係藉由四個平頭螺釘經由孔口44而緊固至彎頭軸套17。彎頭軸套17的相對端係機械加工成除了套筒突部以外之核心噴灑管線的短半徑彎頭的外表面的形狀，該套筒突部與核心噴灑管線的短半徑彎頭中之機械加工孔對接。此特徵將彎頭軸套17鎖定或限制至短半徑彎頭，且因此防止彎頭軸套17的不必要移動，該移動接著將不必要彎曲負載強加在交叉螺栓19上。
彎頭夾緊組件10的安裝係藉由經由EDM(放電機械加工)或類似方法之第一機械加工孔46而實施於短半徑彎頭及水平管路段如圖10所示。夾緊螺栓16係插穿設於短半徑彎頭之孔。下夾緊本體14、夾緊螺栓保持器24及夾緊螺栓16然後在核心噴灑管線的底側上裝配一起成為一組件。夾緊螺栓16的遠端係插穿設於水平管路的底側之孔，突出該孔於交叉螺栓19的頭部30，且最後自設於水平管路的頂側之孔而突出。上夾緊本體12及夾緊螺帽18然後定位在夾緊螺栓16的遠端上。
則使夾緊螺栓16旋轉以接合夾緊螺帽18的螺紋，及夾緊螺栓16係栓緊至標稱預負載。與交叉螺帽保持器42附接之彎頭軸套17係定位在交叉螺帽40所接著之交叉螺栓19的近端。交叉螺帽40係旋至交叉螺栓19上且栓緊至標稱預負載。最後，夾緊螺栓16及交叉螺帽40係預負載至其最後指定值。
於沸水式核子反應器中，上述彎頭夾緊組件支承或結構地取代核心噴灑水平管線接合至短半徑彎頭之P4a熔接。夾緊組件可被遠隔安裝，且可應用於具有不同尺寸的核心噴灑管線之反應器工廠。
雖然已結合目前被認定最實用且較佳實施例來說明本發明，將瞭解到，本發明未受限於揭示的實施例，而相反地，預期含蓋包括於申請專利的精神及範圍內之各種修改及等效配置。
EDM．．．放電機械加工
10．．．彎頭夾緊組件
12．．．上夾緊本體
14．．．下夾緊本體
16．．．夾緊螺栓
17．．．彎頭軸套
18．．．夾緊螺帽
19．．．交叉螺栓
20．．．球形座面
22．．．機械加工凹部
24．．．夾緊螺栓保持器
26．．．機械加工凹部
28．．．部位
30．．．頭部或遠端
32．．．小唇或凸緣
34．．．球形座面
36．．．棘輪齒
38．．．齒
40．．．交叉螺帽
42．．．交叉螺帽保持器
44．．．孔口
46．．．第一機械加工孔
圖1顯示用於傳送核心噴灑冷卻水至反應器核心區之內部管路的水平段。
圖2係安裝有彎頭夾緊之核心噴灑管線的立體圖。
圖3及4係彎頭夾緊組件的等角視圖。
圖5顯示上夾緊本體。
圖6顯示下夾緊本體。
圖7顯示具有夾緊螺栓保持器定位之下夾緊本體。
圖8顯示夾緊螺栓。
圖9顯示交叉螺帽保持器。
圖10解說安裝方法中的步驟。
10．．．彎頭夾緊組件
12．．．上夾緊本體
14．．．下夾緊本體
16．．．夾緊螺栓
17．．．彎頭軸套
19．．．交叉螺栓
30．．．頭部或遠端

Claims (13)

  1. 一種彎頭夾緊組件，其結構地支承或取代主管及彎頭管間之連接，該彎頭夾緊組件包含：上夾緊本體及下夾緊本體，該上夾緊本體及該下夾緊本體以對向關係可固定至該主管的相對側上的該主管的外表面，該上夾緊本體及該下夾緊本體係藉由可延伸穿過該主管中的孔之夾緊螺栓而連接；彎頭軸套，可卸除地固定至該彎頭管，其中該彎頭軸套的面向該彎頭管的一側係成形為反向圓柱形，以利於與該彎頭管的外表面的接合；及交叉螺栓，可延伸穿過該彎頭管中的孔，且於一端連接至該彎頭軸套，於相對的連接端連接至該夾緊螺栓，該夾緊螺栓延伸穿過該連接端中的孔。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之彎頭夾緊組件，其中面對該上夾緊本體及該下夾緊本體的每一者的該主管之內表面係彎曲成易於與該主管的接合。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項之彎頭夾緊組件，其中該上夾緊本體包含有形狀的凹部，該有形狀的凹部接收可與該夾緊螺栓接合之互補形狀的夾緊螺帽，其中該有形狀的凹部防止該夾緊螺帽的旋轉。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項之彎頭夾緊組件，其中該下夾緊本體包含成形以接收該夾緊螺栓的頭部之機械加工凹部及配置鄰接該機械加工凹部之狹縫凹部，該彎頭夾緊組件另包含夾緊螺栓保持器，該夾緊螺栓保持器被接收於該 狹縫凹部且可與該夾緊螺栓頭接合以保持該夾緊螺栓上的預負載。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之彎頭夾緊組件，其中該上夾緊本體之該有形狀的凹部包含形狀對應於該夾緊螺帽的球形座面之球形座面，以及其中該下夾緊本體之該機械加工凹部包含形狀對應至該夾緊螺栓頭部的球形座面之球形座面。
  6. 如申請專利範圍第4項之彎頭夾緊組件，其中該夾緊螺栓頭包含繞著其圓周之棘輪齒，當該夾緊螺栓保持器被接收於該狹縫凹部時，該棘輪齒接合該夾緊螺栓保持器上之對應齒。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項之彎頭夾緊組件，其中該對應齒及該棘輪齒係配置成將該夾緊螺栓的旋轉限制於增加該夾緊螺栓上的該預負載之方向。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項之彎頭夾緊組件，其中該夾緊螺栓包含該交叉螺栓所對接之增大直徑部位。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之彎頭夾緊組件，其中該增大直徑部位包含在其端之凸緣，該凸緣確定該交叉螺栓相對於該夾緊螺栓的適當定位。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項之彎頭夾緊組件，其中該連接端的形狀使流體流阻力減至最小。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項之彎頭夾緊組件，其中交叉螺帽保持器係固定至該彎頭軸套，且其中該交叉螺栓係藉由交叉螺帽而固定在該彎頭軸套及該夾緊螺栓之間，該 交叉螺帽被接收於該交叉螺帽保持器中，該交叉螺帽及該交叉螺帽保持器包括用於保持該交叉螺栓上的預負載之鎖定結構。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第1項之彎頭夾緊組件，其中該彎頭軸套包含與該彎頭管中的孔的機械加工表面對接之套筒突部，對接係用於相對於該彎頭管將該彎頭軸套主動地定位。
  13. 一種彎頭夾緊組件，其結構地支承或取代主管及彎頭管間之連接，該彎頭夾緊組件包含：上夾緊本體及下夾緊本體，該上夾緊本體及該下夾緊本體以對向關係可固定至該主管的相對側上的該主管的外表面，該上夾緊本體及該下夾緊本體係藉由可延伸穿過該主管中的孔之夾緊螺栓而連接；鎖定機構，其與該上夾緊本體及該下夾緊本體的一者連接且可與該夾緊螺栓的頭部接合，以將該夾緊螺栓的旋轉限制於單一方向；彎頭軸套，可固定至該彎頭管，其中該彎頭軸套的面向該彎頭管的一側係成形為反向圓柱形，以利於與該彎頭管的外表面的接合；交叉螺栓，可延伸穿過該彎頭管中的孔，且於一端連接至該彎頭軸套，於相對的連接端連接至該夾緊螺栓，該夾緊螺栓延伸穿過該連接端中的孔；及固定機構，其附接至該彎頭軸套，該固定機構係可與該交叉螺栓的頭部接合，以將該交叉螺栓的旋轉限制於單 一方向。
TW97142365A 2007-11-16 2008-11-03 用於修理核心噴灑管線彎頭熔接接合的裝置及方法 TWI474338B (zh)

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