TWI457240B - 陶瓷表面之防彈板構造 - Google Patents
陶瓷表面之防彈板構造 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI457240B TWI457240B TW96110197A TW96110197A TWI457240B TW I457240 B TWI457240 B TW I457240B TW 96110197 A TW96110197 A TW 96110197A TW 96110197 A TW96110197 A TW 96110197A TW I457240 B TWI457240 B TW I457240B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- fiber
- fibrous layer
- fibers
- ceramic
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 219
- 239000004705 High-molecular-weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum nitride Chemical compound [Ta]#N MZLGASXMSKOWSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- HERSWHWQXZRIDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-amine Chemical group CC(C)=CCCC(C)(N)C=C HERSWHWQXZRIDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 250
- -1 borides Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002633 Kraton (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002577 polybenzoxazole Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZDVQVDCKOMMHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ZDVQVDCKOMMHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000346 polystyrene-polyisoprene block-polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004641 Diallyl-phthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003244 diene elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1 WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbut-1-enylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 DXIJHCSGLOHNES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRDNCFQZLUCIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-1,3,5-triene-7-carbonyl)benzamide Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)N)=CC=C1C(=O)N1C2=CC=C1C=C2 WRDNCFQZLUCIRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920010126 Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001096 M5 fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000784 Nomex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920012485 Plasticized Polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000561 Twaron Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920010741 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001891 gel spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001112 grafted polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002681 hypalon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940018564 m-phenylenediamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneniobium Chemical compound [Nb]#C UNASZPQZIFZUSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006284 nylon film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC(C)=O XNLICIUVMPYHGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000470 poly(p-phenylene terephthalate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006289 polycarbonate film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006295 polythiol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003847 radiation curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004762 twaron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/28—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
- B32B7/14—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties applied in spaced arrangements, e.g. in stripes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
- F41H5/02—Plate construction
- F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
- F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
- F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
- F41H5/0435—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics the additional layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
- B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2315/00—Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
- B32B2315/02—Ceramics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates or anti-ballistic clothing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24033—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including stitching and discrete fastener[s], coating or bond
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
- Y10T428/24124—Fibers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2615—Coating or impregnation is resistant to penetration by solid implements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2615—Coating or impregnation is resistant to penetration by solid implements
- Y10T442/2623—Ballistic resistant
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於包括一陶瓷表面層之防彈鎧甲。
已在不同應用中提議並利用了多種類型之防彈鎧甲構造。其包括用於陸地車輛、航空器、人體鎧甲、固定物件及其類似物之鎧甲。在用於(例如)陸地車輛及航空器中之一種已知類型之防彈鎧甲構造中,陶瓷板黏附至高韌度纖維層。陶瓷板經設計在該構造中面向外部,用作提供防彈道投射物初始防護之主要層。此等結構被稱作陶瓷表面防彈板。此等防彈板一般可有效地吸收並耗散來自投射物與投射物斷片之動能。
用於該等應用之高韌度纖維包括高分子量聚乙烯纖維、芳族聚醯胺纖維及其類似物。然而,由於複雜的製造步驟,高韌度纖維一般難於製造。因此,製造能力受到限制,且在特殊需求時通常無法快速提高。舉例而言,有時軍事應用中可能有更高的要求,此可能與商業應用之需要發生衝突,且該等更高的軍事要求可能無法實現。
因此,有時可能會缺乏一種類型之高韌度纖維,且僅用某一種類型之高韌度纖維替換另一種類型之高韌度纖維可能並不符合特定最終用途應用之效能要求。該替代亦可能並未預先取得用於特定應用之資格。
此外,重量之考慮通常不允許使用較厚的陶瓷板作為高韌度纖維層之替代。
需要提供一種陶瓷表面防彈板,其符合必需的防彈要求但其具有適應性更強之構造以符合用戶不斷變化的需要。
根據本發明,提供一防彈板,該防彈板包含:一面向外部之陶瓷層,該陶瓷層具有一外襯面與一內襯面;第一纖維層,其包含第一類型之高韌度纖維之網路且具有一外襯面與一內襯面,該第一纖維層之外襯面鄰接該陶瓷層之內襯面;及第二纖維層,其包含第二類型之高韌度纖維之網路且具有一外襯面與一內襯面,該第二纖維層之外襯面鄰接該第一纖維層之內襯面;該第一類型之高韌度纖維具有之組成乃不同於該第二類型之高韌度纖維之組成;該第一纖維層比該第二纖維層硬。
較佳地,該防彈板具有大體上等效於或高於一相當陶瓷板構造之防彈性的防彈性(該相當陶瓷板構造僅具有一包含與第一類型高韌度纖維或第二類型高韌度纖維相同類型之高韌度纖維之單一纖維層,且該單一纖維層具有與第一纖維層及第二纖維層之經組合區域密度大體上相同之區域密度)。
根據本發明,亦提供一防彈板,該防彈板包含:一面向外部之陶瓷層,該陶瓷層具有一外襯面與一內襯面;第一纖維層,其包含選自由芳族聚醯胺纖維與高分子量聚乙烯纖維組成之群的第一類型之高韌度纖維網路,且具有一外襯面與一內襯面,該第一纖維層之外襯面鄰接該陶瓷層之內襯面;及第二纖維層,其包含選自由芳族聚醯胺纖維與高分子量聚乙烯纖維組成之群的第二類型之高韌度纖維網路,且具有一外襯面與一內襯面,該第二纖維層之外襯面鄰接該第一纖維層之內襯面;第一類型之高韌度纖維具有之組成乃不同於第二類型之高韌度纖維之組成;第一纖維層具有高於該第二纖維層之撓曲模數至少約5%之撓曲模數。
另外根據本發明,提供一防彈板,該防彈板包含:一面向外部之陶瓷層,其具有一外襯面與一內襯面,該陶瓷層包含碳化矽;第一纖維層,其包含選自由芳族聚醯胺纖維與高分子量聚乙烯纖維組成之群的第一類型之高韌度纖維網路,且具有一外襯面與一內襯面,該第一纖維層之外襯面鄰接該陶瓷層之內襯面;及第二纖維層,其包含選自由芳族聚醯胺纖維與高分子量聚乙烯纖維組成之群的第二類型之高韌度纖維網路,且具有一外襯面與一內襯面,該第二纖維層之外襯面鄰接該第一纖維層之內襯面;該第一纖維層與該第二纖維層中之每一者成具有樹脂基質之非編織單向定向纖維網路之形式。
第一類型之高韌度纖維具有不同於第二類型之高韌度纖維之組合物之組合物;第一纖維層具有高於該第二纖維層之撓曲模數至少約15%之撓曲模數。
藉此該防彈板具有大體上等效於或高於一相當陶瓷板構造之防彈性之防彈性(該相當陶瓷板構造僅具有一包含與第一類型高韌度纖維或第二類型高韌度纖維相同類型之高韌度纖維之單一纖維層,且該單一纖維層具有與第一纖維層及第二纖維層之經組合區域密度大體上相同的區域密度)。
本發明提供一防彈板,其具有在陶瓷板上提供背面防護之複數個不同纖維層。亦發現鄰接陶瓷層之纖維層應比面向內部之纖維層硬以提供改良的抗彈道威脅性。意外地發現,藉由使用(例如)芳族聚醯胺纖維層作為第一纖維層及高分子量聚乙烯纖維層作為第二纖維層,當與僅由芳族聚醯胺纖維形成但具有等效區域密度之背襯層相比時,前者達成增強的彈道防護。
提供使用不同纖維類型之複數個纖維背襯層允許較大的靈活性以符合用戶對於各種彈道威脅之要求,因為可用若干纖維層代替單一纖維層並獲得至少相同的防護程度。以此方式,不會因為單一類型之纖維材料之有限的供應而破壞防彈板之可用性。此亦允許更大程度的製造靈活性並幫助減小成本。
如上文所述,本發明之防彈板由陶瓷材料及高韌度纖維之複數個纖維層形成。陶瓷材料可為單體結構之形式或為以某種方式連接(例如,黏附於支撐層上或纖維層上)在一起之個別更小陶瓷微磚之形式。儘管單一陶瓷層係較佳的,但視最終用途應用及重量之考慮而定,可在本發明之構造中採用複數個陶瓷層。用於防彈應用中之該等陶瓷層係此項技術中已知的。
用於本發明之防彈板之典型陶瓷材料包括金屬與非金屬氮化物、硼化物、碳化物、氧化物及其類似物以及其混合物。具體材料包括碳化矽、氧化矽、氮化矽、碳化硼、氮化硼、二硼化鈦、氧化鋁、氧化鎂及其類似物,以及其混合物。較佳陶瓷材料係碳化矽。
陶瓷層可為不加固的或加固的(諸如利用纖維材料)且可由多種來源提供。舉例而言,陶瓷層可結合至玻璃纖維、石墨纖維或其類似物或利用玻璃纖維、石墨纖維或其類似物進行包覆。陶瓷層可具有任何所要厚度,當然,在選擇陶瓷層之厚度時應認識到存在重量之考慮。該層(例如)之厚度可為約0.7至約1英吋(1.78至25.4 mm),較佳為約0.1至約0.5英吋(2.54至1.27 mm),且更較為約0.1至約0.4英吋(2.54至10.16 mm)。厚度為約0.145英吋(3.68 mm)之碳化矽陶瓷層通常可具有約2.50 psf(12.2 ksm)之區域密度。
本發明之各種層通常為矩形或正方形組態,但亦可採用其他形狀,諸如曲線層。陶瓷層具有一外表面與一內表面。
第一纖維層鄰接該陶瓷層之內表面,第一纖維層較佳藉由適當黏附構件而黏附至該陶瓷層。第一纖維層亦具有內表面與外表面,且第一纖維層之外表面鄰接陶瓷層之內表面。第二纖維層鄰接第一纖維層。此層亦具有內表面與外表面,且第二纖維層之外表面鄰接第一纖維層之內表面。較佳地,第一纖維層與第二纖維層彼此黏附。
第一纖維層與第二纖維層皆包含高韌度纖維。如本文所用之術語"高韌度纖維"意謂韌度等於或大於約7 g/d之纖維。較佳地,此等纖維具有如藉由ASTM D2256所量測之至少約150 g/d之初始拉伸模數及至少約8 J/g之斷裂能。如本文所用,術語"初始拉伸模數"、"拉伸模數"及"模數"意謂如藉由ASTM 2256所量測的紗線之彈性模數及如藉由ASTM D638所量測的彈性體或基質材料之彈性模數。
較佳地,高韌度纖維之韌度等於或大於約10 g/d,更佳為等於或大於約16 g/d,甚至更佳為等於或大於約22 g/d,且最佳為等於或大於約28 g/d。
在本發明中,纖維係一狹長體,其長度尺寸遠大於寬度與厚度之橫向尺寸。因此,術語纖維包括單絲、複絲、織帶纖維、條帶纖維、切段纖維及具有規則或不規則橫截面之其他形式之短切纖維、切割纖維或不連續纖維及其類似物。術語"纖維"包括前述纖維中之複數個任意纖維或其組合。紗線為包含許多纖維或長絲之連續股束。
用於本文之纖維的橫截面可彼此大不相同。其橫截面可為圓形、平的或長橢圓形。其亦可為具有自纖維的線性軸線或縱向軸線突出之一或多個規則或不規則凸起部之不規則或規則多凸起橫截面。較佳地,纖維具有大體上為圓形、平的或長橢圓形之橫截面,最佳為大體上圓形之橫截面。
第一纖維層與第二纖維層中之每一者包含纖維網路。纖維可為編織品、針織品或非編織品之形式。較佳地,織品中至少50重量%之纖維為高韌度纖維,更佳地織品中至少約75重量%之纖維為高韌度纖維,且最佳地織品中大體上所有纖維為高韌度纖維。
本文所用之紗線及織品可包含一或多種不同的高韌度纖維。紗線可基本上平行對準或紗線可經絞撚、包覆或紐結。本文所採用之織品可利用在經向與緯向或其他方向具有不同纖維之紗線來編織。
用於本發明之紗線及織品之高韌度纖維包括高度定向之高分子量聚烯烴纖維(尤其為高模數聚乙烯纖維)、芳族聚醯胺纖維、諸如聚苯幷噁唑(PBO)及聚苯幷噻唑(PBT)之聚吲哚纖維、聚乙烯醇纖維、聚丙烯腈纖維、液晶共聚酯纖維、玻璃纖維、碳纖維或玄武岩或其他礦物纖維以及硬桿狀聚合物纖維、及其混合物與摻合物。用於本發明之較佳高韌度纖維包括聚烯烴纖維與芳族聚醯胺纖維。最佳的是高分子量聚乙烯纖維與芳族聚醯胺纖維。
美國專利第4,457,985號大體上討論該等高分子量聚乙烯纖維及聚丙烯纖維,且該專利之揭示內容因此以引用之方式併入本文中而不會與本文不一致。在使用聚乙烯之情況下,適當纖維是重量平均分子量為至少約150,000、較佳為至少約一百萬且更佳為介於約兩百萬與約五百萬之間的纖維。該等高分子量聚乙烯纖維可在溶液中紡成(參見美國專利第4,137,394號及美國專利第4,356,138號),或為自溶液紡成以形成凝膠結構之長絲(參見美國專利第4,413,110號德國專利局(German Off.)第3,004,699號及英國專利第2051667號),或聚乙烯纖維可藉由輥壓及拉伸製程來產生(參見美國專利第5,702,657號)。如本文所用,術語聚乙烯意謂主要為直鏈的聚乙烯材料,其可含有少量鏈分枝或每100個主鏈碳原子不超過5個修飾單元之共聚單體,且其亦可含有與其混雜之不超過約50 wt%之一或多種聚合添加劑,諸如烯-1-聚合物,尤其為低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚丁烯,含有單烯烴作為主要單體之共聚物、氧化聚烯烴、接枝聚烯烴共聚物及聚甲醛,或低分子量添加劑,諸如抗氧化劑、潤滑劑、防紫外線劑、著色劑或通常併入其中之類似物。
高韌度聚乙烯纖維(亦被稱作高分子量或伸長鏈聚乙烯纖維)較佳為用於本發明之纖維層中之纖維之一者。該等纖維由美國新澤西摩裏斯鎮的Honeywell International Inc.以商標SPECTRA銷售。
視形成技術、拉伸比及溫度以及其他條件而定,可賦予此等纖維多種性質。該等纖維之韌度為至少約7 g/d,較佳至少約15 g/d,更佳為至少約20 g/d,更佳亦為至少約25 g/d且最佳為至少約30 g/d。同樣,纖維之初始拉伸模數(如由英氏(Instron)拉伸測定器所量測)較佳至少約300 g/d,更佳至少約500 g/d,更佳亦為至少約1,000 g/d且最佳至少約1,200 g/d。初始拉伸模數及韌度之此等最高值一般僅可藉由採用溶液生長法或凝膠紡絲製程而獲得。許多長絲之熔點高於形成該等長絲之聚合物的熔點。因此,舉例而言,約150,000、約一百萬及約兩百萬分子量之高分子量聚乙烯之塊體形態具有138℃之熔點。由此等材料製成之高度定向之聚乙烯長絲具有高出約7℃至約13℃之熔點。因此,熔點之略微增加反映出與塊體聚合物相比而言長絲之結晶完整性及更高的結晶定向。
同樣,可使用重量平均分子量至少約200,000、較佳至少約一百萬及更佳至少約兩百萬之高度定向之高分子量聚丙烯纖維。伸長鏈聚丙烯可藉由在上文所引用之各種參考中規定的技術且尤其藉由美國專利第4,413,110號之技術而形成為合理並良好定向之長絲。由於聚丙烯為此聚乙烯更少結晶之材料且含有側位甲基,因此利用聚丙烯可達成之韌度值通常大體上低於對於聚乙烯之相應值。因此,適當韌度較佳為至少約8 g/d,更佳至少約11 g/d。聚丙烯之初始拉伸模數較佳至少約160 g/d,更佳至少約200 g/d。聚丙烯之熔點通常藉由定向製程而升高若干度,因此聚丙烯長絲較佳具有至少168℃之主熔點,更佳至少170℃之主熔點。上述參數之尤其較佳之範圍可有利地提供成品之改良效能。採用與上文所述參數(模數及韌度)之較佳範圍結合的具有至少約200,000之重量平均分子量的纖維可有利地提供成品之改良效能。
在使用芳族聚醯胺纖維之情況下,由芳族聚醯胺形成之適當纖維描述於美國專利第3,671,542號中,其以引用之方式併入本文中而不會與本文不一致。較佳芳族聚醯胺纖維將具有至少約20 g/d之韌度,至少約400 g/d之初始拉伸模數及至少約8 J/g之斷裂能,且尤其較佳的芳族聚醯胺纖維將具有至少約20 g/d之韌度及至少約20 J/g之斷裂能。最佳芳族聚醯胺纖維將具有至少約23 g/d之韌度,至少約500 g/d之模數及至少約30 J/g之斷裂能。舉例而言,具有中等高的模數及韌度值之聚對苯二甲醯對苯二胺長絲尤其適用於形成防彈複合物。實例為來自Teijin具有1000丹尼爾之TwaronT2000。其他實例為初始拉伸模數及韌度值分別為500 g/d及22 g/d之Kevlar29,以及可購自du Pont之400、640及840丹尼爾之Kevlar129及KM2。來自其他製造商之芳族聚醯胺纖維亦可用於本發明。亦可使用聚對苯二甲醯對苯二胺之共聚物,諸如共聚(對苯二甲醯對苯二胺3,4'對苯二甲醯氧基苯二胺)。亦適用於本發明之實踐的為du Pont以商標名Nomex銷售之聚異苯二甲醯間苯二胺纖維。
具有高拉伸模數之高分子量聚乙烯醇(PV-OH)纖維描述於Kwon等人之美國專利第4,440,711號中,其以引用之方式併入本文中而不會與本文不一致。高分子量PV-OH纖維應具有至少約200,000之重量平均分子量。尤其適用之PV-OH纖維之模數為至少約300 g/d,韌度較佳為至少約10 g/d,更佳至少約14 g/d且最佳至少約17 g/d及斷裂能為至少約8 J/g。例如藉由美國專利第4,599,267號中所揭示之製程可生產具有該等性質之PV-OH纖維。
在使用聚丙烯腈(PAN)之情況下,PAN纖維應具有至少約400,000之重量平均分子量。尤其適用之PAN纖維之韌度應較佳為至少約10 g/d及斷裂能為至少約8 J/g。具有至少約400,000之分子量、至少約15至20 g/d之韌度及至少約8 J/g之斷裂能之PAN纖維係最適用的;且該等纖維揭示於例如美國專利第4,535,027號中。
用於本發明之實踐的適當液晶共聚酯揭示於(例如)美國專利第3,975,487號、第4,118,372號及第4,161,470號中。
用於本發明之實踐的適當聚吲哚揭示於(例如)美國專利第5,286,833號、第5,296,185號、第5,356,584號、第5,534,205號及第6,040,050號中。較佳地,聚吲哚纖維為自Toyobo Co.的Zylon商標之聚苯幷噁唑纖維。
硬桿狀纖維揭示於(例如)美國專利第5,674,969號、第5,939,553號、第5,945,537號及第6,040,478號中。該等纖維可自Magellan Systems International以名稱M5纖維而購得。
亦可在本發明之防彈板中採用由高韌度纖維形成之額外襯底纖維層,諸如第三纖維層、第四纖維層等。此等層可位於第二纖維層內部,或介於第一纖維層與第二纖維層之間,或介於第一纖維層與第二纖維層之間並在第二纖維層內部。
如上文所述,纖維層可為編織品、針織品或非編織品之形式。若織品為編織品,則其可具有任何所要的織紋,諸如稀疏編織圖案。
較佳地,纖維層為非編織品之形式,諸如單向定向纖維層,或以無規定向製氈的纖維層,其嵌入於適當樹脂基質中,如此項技術中已知的。由單向定向纖維形成之織品通常具有沿一共同纖維方向彼此平行對準之一纖維層,及沿與第一纖維方向成90°之共用纖維方向彼此平行對準之第二單向定向纖維層。其中該等個別子層為單向定向纖維,連續子層較佳地相對於彼此以(例如)0°/90°、0°/90°/0°/90°或0°/45°/90°/45°/0°之角度或以其他角度而旋轉。該等旋轉的單向對準描述於(例如)美國專利第4,623,574號、第4,737,402號、第4,748,064號及第4,916,000號中。
該或該等纖維層較佳地在樹脂基質中。纖維子層之樹脂基質可由具有所要特徵之多種彈性材料形成。在一實施例中,在該基質中所使用之彈性材料具有如由ASTM D638所量測之等於或小於約6,000 psi(41.4 MPa)之初始拉伸模數(彈性模數)。更佳地,彈性體具有等於或小於約2,400 psi(16.5 MPa)之初始拉伸模數。最佳地,彈性材料具有等於或小於約1,200 psi(8.23 MPa)之初始拉伸模數。此等樹脂材料通常實質上為熱塑性的但熱固性材料亦係適用的。
或者,可選擇當固化時具有至少約1×106
psi(6895 MPa)之高拉伸模數之樹脂基質。該等材料之實例揭示於(例如)美國專利第6,642,159號中,其揭示內容以引用的方式明確地併入本文中而不會與本文不一致。
複合層中樹脂基質材料與纖維之比例可視最終用途而大不相同。樹脂基質材料較佳形成為占纖維與樹脂基質總重量之約1至約98重量百分比,更佳為約5至約95重量百分比,且最佳約5至約40重量百分比。
可利用多種材料作為樹脂基質,包括熱塑性及熱固性樹脂。舉例而言,可採用以下材料中之任一者:聚丁二烯、聚異戊二烯、天然橡膠、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯-二烯三元共聚物、聚硫醚聚合物、熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯、聚胺基甲酸酯彈性體、氯磺化聚乙烯、聚氯丁烯、使用鄰苯二甲酸二辛酯或此項技術中已知的其他增塑劑之增塑聚氯乙烯、丁二烯丙烯腈彈性體、聚(異丁烯-共-異戊二烯)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚酯、聚醚、含氟彈性體、聚矽氧彈性體、熱塑性彈性體及乙烯之共聚物。熱固性樹脂之實例包括可溶於碳-碳飽和溶劑中者,諸如甲基乙基酮、丙酮、乙醇、甲醇、異丙醇、環己烷、乙基丙酮及其組合物。其中,熱固性樹脂為乙烯基酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物、鄰苯二甲酸二烯丙酯、苯酚甲醛、聚乙烯醇縮丁醛及其混合物,如在前述美國專利第6,642,159號中所揭示。用於聚乙烯纖維織品之較佳熱固性樹脂包括至少一種乙烯酯、鄰苯二甲酸二烯丙酯及視情況用於固化乙烯基酯樹脂之催化劑。
一較佳材料群係共軛二烯與乙烯芳族共聚物之嵌段共聚物。丁二烯與異戊二烯為較佳共軛二烯彈性體。苯乙烯、乙烯甲苯及第三丁基苯乙烯係較佳共軛芳族單體。併入有聚異戊二烯之嵌段共聚物可經氫化以產生具有飽和烴彈性體區段之熱塑性彈性體。聚合物可為R-(BA)X
(x=3-150)類型之簡單三嵌段共聚物:其中A係自聚乙烯芳族單體之嵌段且B係自共軛二烯彈性體之嵌段。較佳樹脂基質係異戊二烯-苯乙烯-異戊二烯嵌段共聚物,諸如可購自Kraton Polymer LLC之KratonD1107異戊二烯-苯乙烯-異戊二烯嵌段共聚物。
另一較佳樹脂基質係熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯,諸如聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂在水中之共聚物混合物。
樹脂材料可與諸如碳黑、矽石等填充物化合且可充油並使用橡膠技術人員所已知的方法用硫、過氧化物、金屬氧化物或輻射固化系統來硫化。亦可使用不同樹脂之摻合物。
一般而言,本發明之纖維層較佳藉由初始建構纖維網路且接著向該網路塗佈基質組合物而形成。如本文所用之術語"塗佈"以廣義使用來描述纖維網路,其中個別纖維具有在纖維周圍之基質組合物之連續層或具有在纖維表面上之基質組合物之不連續層。在前一種情況下,可表達為纖維完全嵌於基質組合物中。術語塗佈與浸漬可在本文中互換地使用。纖維網路可經由多種方法而建構。在單向對準纖維網路之較佳情況下,高韌度長絲之紗線束自粗紗架提供並導引過導紗器及一或多個平壓機而進入準直梳,之後用基質材料塗佈。準直梳與長絲以共面方式及以大體上單向方式對準。
基質樹脂組合物可以任何適當方式(諸如溶液、分散液或乳液)塗覆至纖維層上,較佳為單向纖維網路上。接著乾燥經基質塗佈之纖維網路。可將基質樹脂之溶液、分散液或乳液噴塗至長絲上。或者,可藉由浸漬或藉由輥塗機或類似方法向長絲結構塗佈水性溶液、分散液或乳液。在塗佈之後,經塗佈之纖維層可接著通過烘箱進行乾燥,其中經塗佈之纖維網路層(單方向預浸帶)經受充分的熱以蒸發基質組合物中之水分或其他液體。接著可將經塗佈之纖維網路置於運載腹板(其可為紙或薄膜基板)上或纖維可在塗佈基質樹脂之前初始置於運載腹板上。接著可按照已知的方式將基板與單方向預浸帶纏繞於一連續輥內。
用於纖維層之紗線可為任何適當丹尼爾,諸如自約50丹尼爾至約3000丹尼爾。考慮到所要性質及成本而控制該選擇。較細紗線之製造與編織花費成本較高,但可產生更佳性質(諸如每單位重量更強的防彈效力)。紗線較佳自約200丹尼爾至約3000丹尼爾。更佳地,紗線自約650丹尼爾至約1500丹尼爾。最佳地,紗線自約800丹尼爾至約1300丹尼爾。
如上文所述,第一纖維層及第二纖維層中之纖維具有不同組合物。其中,上文所列用於該等層之高韌度纖維中較佳的為伸長鏈聚乙烯纖維及芳族聚醯胺纖維。第一纖維層與第二纖維層之重量比可視需要而不同。較佳地,第一纖維層與第二纖維層之重量比為範圍自約10:1至約1:10,更佳地,自約3:1至約1:3且最佳自約1.5:1至約1:1.5。在最佳實施例中,第一纖維層與第二纖維層具有大致相同的重量。經組合之第一纖維層與第二纖維層之厚度亦可視具體應用、成本及重量限度而不同。舉例而言,經組合之第一纖維層與第二纖維層之厚度可為範圍自約0.1至大約0.8英吋(2.54至20.32 mm),更佳地自約0.2至約0.6英吋(5.08至15.24 mm),且最佳地自約0.3至約0.5英吋(7.62至12.70 mm)。
較佳地,第一纖維層之撓曲模數高於第二纖維層之撓曲模數。在此情況下所提及之撓曲模數為整個纖維層(包括樹脂基質)之撓曲模數。因此,鄰接陶瓷層之該層(第一纖維層)比與陶瓷層分開之層(第二纖維層)更硬。
較佳地,第一纖維層之撓曲模數高於第二纖維層之撓曲模數至少約5%。更佳地,第一纖維層之撓曲模數高於第二纖維層之撓曲模數至少約15%。最佳地,第一纖維層之撓曲模數高於第二纖維層之撓曲模數至少約25%。如本文所用之撓曲模數係在室溫下根據ASTM D790而確定。
在一較佳實施例中,第一纖維層由成單向非編織品或編織品形式之高分子量聚乙烯纖維形成且第二纖維層由成編織品形式或單向非編織品形式之芳族聚醯胺纖維形成。在另一較佳實施例中,第一纖維層由成編織品形式或單向非編織品形式之芳族聚醯胺纖維形成且第二纖維層由成單向非編織品或編織品形式之高分子量聚乙烯纖維形成。
亦較佳地,第一纖維層與第二纖維層(以及任何額外纖維層)由已被層壓在一起之複數個子層形成。在每一層中之子層的數目視所要區域密度、厚度、防護程度及其類似條件而定。舉例而言,當由高分子量聚乙烯纖維或芳族聚醯胺纖維形成纖維層時,個別子層之數目之範圍可為約2至約200,更佳地自約10至約150,且最佳地自約50至約100。應認識到個別子層可預成型為多層預浸體。舉例而言,若預浸體由4個子層形成,則前文所提及之子層之數目將減少為所說明量之四分之一。
個別子層亦較佳地成二單元或四單元子組件之形式,其包括就二子層式單元而言較佳以0°/90°正交混織之單元及就四子層式單元而言以0°/90°/0°/90°混織之單元。纖維層可由複數個該等正交混織單元形成。
形成本發明之纖維層之兩個或兩個以上子層之層板較佳為使用連續正交混織操作自單向預浸體之連續輥而產生。該方法描述於美國專利第5,173,138號及第5,766,725號中,其以引用之方式併入本文中而不會與本文不一致。或者,該等子層可手工或藉由任何其他適當方法積層。該等子層(例如,兩子層)係藉由在正交混織製程中施加熱與壓力而合併。視所採用之纖維類型及基質薄片而定,溫度範圍可為自約90℃至約160℃,且壓力範圍可為自約100至約2500 psi(69至17,0000 kPa)。"合併"意謂基質材料與纖維子層被組合為一單一整體層。可藉由乾燥、冷卻、加熱、壓力或其組合發生合併。
構成本發明纖維層之各種子層之組件可包含硬質組件或可撓性組件。硬質組件通常藉由在一壓力機中堆疊並合併該等子層而形成,諸如在上文所提及之條件下形成。可撓性組件可藉由疏鬆地堆疊該等子層而形成,其中該等子層為未附著在一或多個邊緣處或藉由滾壓(例如)而僅附著在一或多個邊緣處。
每一纖維層之可撓性程度視所採用之纖維與樹脂以及處理條件而定。此等考慮對於熟習此項技術者係已知的。
一或多個塑料薄膜可包括於纖維層中,(例如)以允許不同層滑過彼此而易於形成為所要形狀。此等塑料薄膜可通常黏附至每一纖維層或形成纖維層之每一經合併預浸體兩子層或四子層之一個表面或兩個表面。可採用任何適當塑料薄膜,諸如由聚烯烴製成之薄膜,例如線性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)薄膜及超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)薄膜以及聚酯薄膜、耐綸薄膜、聚碳酸酯薄膜及其類似物。此等薄膜可具有任何所要厚度。典型厚度範圍自約0.1至約1.2 mil(2.5至30 μm),更佳自約0.2至約1 mil(5至25 μm),且最佳地自約0.3至約0.5 mil(7.5至12.5 μm)。最佳為LLDPE薄膜。
除了存在於本發明之複合材料中之高韌度纖維之纖維層之外,亦可採用其他層。舉例而言,玻璃纖維複合物及/或石墨複合物可插於第一纖維層與陶瓷層之間。該等複合物可由所要樹脂形成,諸如熱固性環氧樹脂。若存在,該(等)額外層理想地具有高於第一纖維層之撓曲模數之撓曲模數。或者,該等複合材料可存在於本發明之物品中之其他位置。
在本發明之一尤其較佳實施例中,陶瓷層由碳化矽形成,第一纖維層由芳族聚醯胺纖維形成,第二纖維層由高分子量聚乙烯纖維形成,且第一纖維層與第二纖維層之區域密度大致相同。
較佳地,陶瓷層與第一纖維層及第二纖維層在適當條件下黏附在一起,諸如僅在室溫下結合,或在適當熱與壓力下結合。可使用任何適當方法來將該等層附著在一起,諸如固體黏著膜、液體黏著劑等。黏著膜係較佳的,諸如聚胺基甲酸酯黏著劑、環氧樹脂黏著劑、聚乙烯黏著劑及其類似物。若使用熱與壓力將該等層結合在一起,則較佳地所採用溫度較佳地低於上文所提及之纖維層之合併中所用之溫度約20至約30℉(11.1至16.7℃),或低於纖維背襯層中所用纖維之熔點約20至約30℉(11.1至16.7℃)。壓力可低於在纖維層合併中所用之壓力,諸如約20至約500 psi(0.14至3.4 MPa)。若採用高壓釜,則壓力範圍可為(例如)自約50至約250 psi(0.34至1.7 MPa)。較佳地,在結合至陶瓷層之前,較佳在不使用黏著劑之情況下使第一纖維層與第二纖維層首先組合在一起(諸如在適當熱及壓力下模製)。
展示以下非限制性實例以提供對本發明更全面的理解。所陳述來說明本發明之原理之具體技術、條件、材料、比例及報告資料係例示性的,且不應被理解為限制本發明之範疇。
自陶瓷微磚製備陶瓷表面防彈板。該微磚係碳化矽陶瓷(SiC-N,可購自Cercom Ceramics且其據製造商報道具有3.20 g/cm3
之容積密度,3-5 μm之平均晶粒尺寸,及85 ksi(586 MPa)之撓曲強度(室溫下4-pt MOR))。使用四個微磚,每一者厚度為0.145英吋(3.68 mm),區域密度為2.50 psf(12.2 ksm)且為5.25×5.25英吋(13.34×13.34 cm)板之形式。
纖維層由四子層式高分子量聚乙烯纖維複合物(自Honeywell International Inc.的SPECTRA SHIELDPCR)形成。此材料為非編織單向定向結構,具有基質樹脂(以重量計16%之可購自Kraton Polymer LLC之KratonD1107異戊二烯-苯乙烯-異戊二烯嵌段共聚物)。4子層式結構包括正交混織0°/90°/0°/90°之個別層。SPECTRA聚乙烯纖維具有30 g/d之韌度,850 g/d之拉伸模數及45 g/d之斷裂能。
4子層式預浸體之總共42個層被切割為12×12英吋(30.48×30.48 cm)大小並堆疊,其中每一預浸體相對於鄰近預浸體層90°定向。預浸體堆疊在1500 psi(10.3 MPa)壓力下在240℉(116℃)模製10分鐘,之後冷卻。纖維背襯層之區域密度為2.05 psf(10.0 ksm),厚度為0.422英吋(10.72 mm)及撓曲模數為117.5 ksi(809.6 MPa)。
使用黏著膜將四個陶瓷板安裝於模製高分子量聚乙烯非編織品層上且經組合之結構在240℉(116℃)在100 psi(0.69 MPa)之壓力下在高壓釜中合併。黏著膜為可購自Stevens Urethane之聚醚脂肪族聚胺基甲酸酯,其熔化範圍為120至140℃,斷裂伸長率為450%及比重為1.07 g/cc。總區域密度為4.55 psf(22.2 ksf)。在自高壓釜移除之後,整個防彈板用SPECTRA SHIELDPCR非編織品沿兩個方向包覆,以用於測試目的。防彈板之包覆允許即使是在若干次彈道衝擊之後陶瓷材料仍保留其完整性(不排射破碎組件)。
根據MIL-STD-662E測試防彈板之防彈效能。投射物為Russian Dragnov子彈(7.62×54 R LPS),重149喱。黏土襯底材料用於確定背面變形(Roma Plastilina #1.4英吋(10 cm)厚)。所得結果在下表1中展示。
使用不同纖維襯底材料重複實例1。襯底材料由GOLD SHIELDRS(自Honeywell International Inc.)形成,其為具有基質樹脂(以重量計16%之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂,被其製造商描述為聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂在水中之共聚物混合物)之4子層式芳族聚醯胺非編織單向定向結構。該4子層式結構包括正交混織0°/90°/0°/90°之個別子層。芳族聚醯胺纖維具有1000丹尼爾及26 g/d之韌度。
4子層式預浸體之總共44個層被切割為與實例1相同的大小並堆疊,其中每一預浸體相對於鄰近預浸體層90°定向。預浸體堆疊在240℉(116℃)在1500 psi(10.3 MPa)壓力下模製10分鐘,之後冷卻。纖維背襯層之區域密度為2.00 psf(9.76 ksm)、厚度為0.324英吋(8.23 mm)及撓曲模數為159.0 ksi(1095.5 MPa)。
使用實例1之黏著膜將四個陶瓷板安裝於模製芳族聚醯胺非編織品層上且經組合之結構在如實例1之高壓釜中合併。總區域密度為4.50 psf(21.96 ksf)。接著整個防彈板使用SPECTRA SHIELDPCR非編織品沿兩個方向包覆。
如實例1而測試防彈板之防彈性質。所得結果在下表1中展示。
重複實例1,除了使用第一高分子量聚乙烯纖維層及使用第二芳族聚醯胺纖維層用作背襯層兩者之外。高分子量聚乙烯層由實例1之4子層式高分子量聚乙烯預浸體之總共20個層形成且用作第一纖維背襯層。芳族聚醯胺層由實例2之4子層式芳族聚醯胺預浸體之總共22個層形成且用作第二纖維背襯層。
經組合之層被切割為與實例1相同的大小並同樣堆疊,其中高分子量聚乙烯纖維與芳族聚醯胺纖維之鄰近子層相對於彼此旋轉90°。經組合之層在實例1之條件下模製。經組合之纖維背襯層之區域密度為2.02 psf(9.86 ksm)、厚度為0.374英吋(9.50 mm)及撓曲模數為211.6 ksi(1457.9 MPa)。
使用實例1之黏著膜將四個陶瓷板安裝於模製組合高分子量聚乙烯非編織品層及芳族聚醯胺非編織品層上,其中高分子量聚乙烯層鄰近陶瓷板。經組合之結構在如實例1中之高壓釜中合併。總區域密度為4.52 psf(22.05 ksf)。接著整個防彈板使用SPECTRA SHIELDPCR非編織品沿兩個方向包覆。
如實例1測試防彈板之防彈性質。結果在下表1中展示。
重複實例3,除了高分子量聚乙烯纖維層與芳族聚醯胺纖維層之排列相反之外,其中該芳族聚醯胺層形成該第一纖維層(鄰接該陶瓷層)且高分子量聚乙烯層形成第二纖維層。
經組合之層被切割為與實例1相同的大小並同樣堆疊,其中高分子量聚乙烯纖維與芳族聚醯胺纖維之鄰近子層相對於彼此旋轉90°。經組合之層在實例1之條件下模製。經組合之纖維背襯層之區域密度為2.02 psf(9.86 ksm)、厚度為0.371英吋(9.42 mm)及撓曲模數為193.9 ksi(1336.0 MPa)。
使用實例1之黏著膜將四個陶瓷板安裝於經模製組合高分子量聚乙烯非編織品層及芳族聚醯胺非編織品層上,其中芳族聚醯胺層鄰接陶瓷板。經組合之結構在如實例1中之高壓釜中合併。總區域密度為4.52 psf(22.05 ksf)。接著整個防彈板使用SPECTRA SHIELDPCR非編織品沿兩個方向包覆。
如實例1測試防彈板之防彈性質。結果在下表1中展示。
此等實例展示本發明之纖維襯底陶瓷產品與僅由一種類型之纖維背襯層形成之比較材料相比具有大約相同或更佳的防彈性。藉由比較實例1與3可見,與由芳族聚醯胺纖維之單一層形成之防彈板(其中防彈板具有大體上相同之區域密度)相比,使用獨立芳族聚醯胺纖維層及獨立高分子量聚乙烯纖維層(其中約一半芳族聚醯胺子層被高分子量聚乙烯子層替代)得到改良的防彈板。此外,在本發明之實例中,背面變形得到改良。藉由比較實例2與4可見,與僅由高分子量聚乙烯纖維之單一層形成之防彈板(其中防彈板具有大體上相同之區域密度)相比,使用獨立高分子量聚乙烯纖維層及獨立芳族聚醯胺纖維層(其中大約一半高分子量聚乙烯子層由芳族聚醯胺子層替代)同樣得到改良的防彈板。在此情況下,背面變形大體上相同。
因此,可見本發明提供一種由具有不同纖維組合物之至少兩種纖維層形成但防彈性未受折衷之陶瓷板。事實上,當藉由V50性質量測時,防彈性增加。此意謂可能用不同高韌度纖維之兩個層來代替高韌度纖維之單一層之陶瓷襯底(具有大體上相同的區域密度)並達成所需防彈效能。因此,當一種纖維材料可能短缺時,可利用另一高韌度纖維材料來代替該材料之一實質性部分並仍達成所要性質。此很大程度上增加了製造靈活性並供應用於多種關鍵應用之防彈板。
本發明之防彈板尤其適用於陸地車輛及航空器之彈道防護。其亦適用作固定設備以及國土安全應用中之人體鎧甲(諸如背心及頭盔)之嵌件。
已如上文相當詳細地描述了本發明,但應瞭解無需恪守該等細節,對於熟習此項技術者,可提議對該等細節做出進一步的變化與修改,該等變化與修改皆屬於由所附申請專利範圍所界定之本發明之範疇內。
Claims (8)
- 一種防彈板,該防彈板包含:一面向外部之陶瓷層,該陶瓷層具有一向外表面與一向內表面;第一纖維層,其包含一高韌度、高分子量聚乙烯纖維之網路,且具有一向外表面與一向內表面,該第一纖維層之向外表面係連結至該陶瓷層之向內表面;及第二纖維層,其包含一高韌度芳族聚醯胺纖維之網路,且具有一向外表面與一向內表面,該第二纖維層之該向外表面係連結至該第一纖維層之該向內表面;該第一纖維層具有高於該第二纖維層之撓曲模數至少5%之撓曲模數;其中該防彈板具有一大體上等效於或高於一相當之陶瓷板構造之防彈性的防彈性,該相當之陶瓷防彈板構造僅具有一包含與該第一纖維層相同類型之高韌度、高分子量聚乙烯纖維或與該第二纖維層相同類型之高韌度芳族聚醯胺纖維的單一纖維層,且該單一纖維層具有一與該第一纖維層及該第二纖維層之組合的區域密度大體上相同的區域密度。
- 如請求項1之防彈板,其中該第一纖維層具有一比該第二纖維層之撓曲模數高至少約15%之撓曲模數。
- 如請求項1之防彈板,其中該第一纖維層與該第二纖維層中之至少一者呈一具有樹脂基質之非編織單向定向纖維網路之形式。
- 如請求項1之防彈板,其中該第一纖維層與該第二纖維層兩者皆呈一具有樹脂基質之非編織單向定向纖維網路之形式,且該第一纖維層與該第二纖維層兩者皆包含相對於彼此定向之複數個個別子層。
- 如請求項1之防彈板,其中該陶瓷層包含選自由碳化矽、氧化矽、氮化矽、碳化硼、氮化硼、二硼化鈦、氧化鋁及氧化鎂及其混合物所組成之群組之陶瓷材料。
- 如請求項3之防彈板,其中,當該纖維為芳醯胺纖維時,該樹脂基質為熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯樹脂,及當該纖維為高分子量聚乙烯纖維時,該樹脂基質包含苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物。
- 如請求項1之防彈板,其中該第一纖維層之厚度與該第二纖維層之厚度之比為自約1.5:1至約1:1.5。
- 如請求項1之防彈板,其中該陶瓷層包含複數個結合至該第一纖維之陶瓷板,且該第一及第二纖維層具有相同尺寸。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/388,904 US7642206B1 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2006-03-24 | Ceramic faced ballistic panel construction |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW200744848A TW200744848A (en) | 2007-12-16 |
TWI457240B true TWI457240B (zh) | 2014-10-21 |
Family
ID=38283526
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW96110197A TWI457240B (zh) | 2006-03-24 | 2007-03-23 | 陶瓷表面之防彈板構造 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7642206B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1998954B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5415254B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101448635A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR060138A1 (zh) |
CL (1) | CL2007000763A1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2710884T3 (zh) |
IL (2) | IL194307A (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2008012188A (zh) |
PE (1) | PE20071304A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI457240B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008014020A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7825048B2 (en) * | 2005-10-17 | 2010-11-02 | Milliken & Company | Puncture resistant composite |
US9631898B2 (en) | 2007-02-15 | 2017-04-25 | Honeywell International Inc. | Protective helmets |
US8853105B2 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2014-10-07 | Honeywell International Inc. | Helmets for protection against rifle bullets |
JP5291376B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-28 | 2013-09-18 | 京セラケミカル株式会社 | 複合防弾板 |
WO2009133060A1 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2009-11-05 | Teijin Aramid B.V. | Ballistic-resistant articles comprising tapes |
US7958812B2 (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2011-06-14 | Milliken & Company | Flexible spike and ballistic resistant panel |
JP5405844B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-02 | 2014-02-05 | 株式会社日本セラテック | 耐衝撃部材 |
KR101858923B1 (ko) * | 2009-12-23 | 2018-05-18 | 데이진 아라미드 비.브이. | 내탄도성 제품 |
US8080486B1 (en) | 2010-07-28 | 2011-12-20 | Honeywell International Inc. | Ballistic shield composites with enhanced fragment resistance |
US9682536B2 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2017-06-20 | The Boeing Company | Sandwiched fiber composites for ballistic applications |
CN103370596B (zh) * | 2011-01-18 | 2016-07-06 | 帝人芳纶有限公司 | 包含苯乙烯丁二烯树脂的耐冲击制品和生产所述制品的方法 |
WO2012150169A1 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2012-11-08 | Teijin Aramid B.V. | Antiballistic panel |
EP2705325B1 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2015-04-08 | Teijin Aramid B.V. | Antiballistic panel |
IL213865A (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2017-02-28 | Bergman Ron | Anti-ballistic product and method of manufacture |
US9696122B2 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2017-07-04 | Imi Systems Ltd. | Antiballistic article and method of producing same |
JP5956294B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-13 | 2016-07-27 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 積層体 |
CN102878865B (zh) * | 2012-10-25 | 2016-01-13 | 杨珍芬 | 防弹衣及单曲面带衣服ⅲ级碳化硅防弹插板 |
US8986810B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-03-24 | Honeywell International Inc | Trauma reduction without ballistic performance reduction |
US9194662B1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-11-24 | Peter D. Poulsen | Article for dispersing energy of a blast or impact |
US9243354B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-01-26 | Honeywell International Inc. | Stab and ballistic resistant articles |
US10012480B2 (en) | 2013-07-03 | 2018-07-03 | Angel Armor, Llc | Ballistic resistant panel for vehicle door |
US20150362293A1 (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2015-12-17 | Angel Armor, Llc | Ceramic member encased in composite layer |
IL230775B (en) | 2014-02-02 | 2018-12-31 | Imi Systems Ltd | Pre-stressed curved ceramic panels/tiles and a method for their production |
KR101502092B1 (ko) * | 2014-07-09 | 2015-03-12 | 엘아이지넥스원 주식회사 | 방호패널 |
US10081159B2 (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2018-09-25 | Honeywell International Inc. | Materials gradient within armor for balancing the ballistic performance |
KR20160081396A (ko) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-08 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 방탄패널 |
ITUB20151170A1 (it) * | 2015-05-28 | 2016-11-28 | Elet Ca S R L Con Socio Unico | Struttura di protezione antiproiettile e corrispondente giubbotto antiproiettile |
JP6775137B2 (ja) * | 2016-06-17 | 2020-10-28 | トヨネン株式会社 | 防矢ネット、防矢ネットの製造方法および防矢ネットの取付け構造 |
US10775137B2 (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2020-09-15 | A. Jacob Ganor | Up-armor kit for ballistic helmet |
US10513806B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 | 2019-12-24 | Milliken & Company | Spike resistant package and article |
US10513805B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 | 2019-12-24 | Milliken & Company | Spike resistant package and article |
CN110542350B (zh) * | 2018-05-28 | 2022-03-08 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 一种防弹衣甲片及其制备方法 |
EP3911513A1 (en) | 2019-01-16 | 2021-11-24 | Milliken & Company | Multi-threat protection composite |
US11718068B2 (en) | 2019-01-16 | 2023-08-08 | Milliken & Company | Multi-threat protection composite |
CN111620695A (zh) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-04 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种层状结构的陶瓷材料 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04506325A (ja) * | 1989-06-30 | 1992-11-05 | アライド―シグナル・インコーポレーテッド | 急断抵抗性複合体物品 |
JP2005289056A (ja) * | 2004-03-09 | 2005-10-20 | Toray Ind Inc | 耐衝撃性繊維強化プラスチック及び多層構造体 |
Family Cites Families (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3671542A (en) | 1966-06-13 | 1972-06-20 | Du Pont | Optically anisotropic aromatic polyamide dopes |
US3975487A (en) | 1973-08-20 | 1976-08-17 | The Carborundum Company | Process for spinning high modulus oxybenzoyl copolyester fibers |
PH15509A (en) | 1974-05-10 | 1983-02-03 | Du Pont | Improvements in an relating to synthetic polyesters |
NL7605370A (nl) | 1976-05-20 | 1977-11-22 | Stamicarbon | Werkwijze voor het continu vervaardigen van vezelvormige polymeerkristallen. |
US4161470A (en) | 1977-10-20 | 1979-07-17 | Celanese Corporation | Polyester of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and para-hydroxy benzoic acid capable of readily undergoing melt processing |
US4356138A (en) | 1981-01-15 | 1982-10-26 | Allied Corporation | Production of high strength polyethylene filaments |
US4413110A (en) | 1981-04-30 | 1983-11-01 | Allied Corporation | High tenacity, high modulus polyethylene and polypropylene fibers and intermediates therefore |
US4457985A (en) | 1982-03-19 | 1984-07-03 | Allied Corporation | Ballistic-resistant article |
US4440711A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1984-04-03 | Allied Corporation | Method of preparing high strength and modulus polyvinyl alcohol fibers |
US4599267A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1986-07-08 | Allied Corporation | High strength and modulus polyvinyl alcohol fibers and method of their preparation |
GB2130073B (en) | 1982-11-11 | 1986-03-05 | Personnel Armoured Designs Lim | Protective shield |
JPS59199809A (ja) | 1983-04-20 | 1984-11-13 | Japan Exlan Co Ltd | 高強力ポリアクリロニトリル系繊維及びその製造法 |
US4623574A (en) | 1985-01-14 | 1986-11-18 | Allied Corporation | Ballistic-resistant composite article |
US4748064A (en) | 1985-01-14 | 1988-05-31 | Allied Corporation | Ballistic-resistant composite article |
US4737402A (en) * | 1985-02-28 | 1988-04-12 | Allied Corporation | Complex composite article having improved impact resistance |
US4916000A (en) | 1987-07-13 | 1990-04-10 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Ballistic-resistant composite article |
US5165989A (en) | 1989-12-04 | 1992-11-24 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Extended shelf life prepreg article and method |
US5173138A (en) | 1990-08-08 | 1992-12-22 | Blauch Denise A | Method and apparatus for the continuous production of cross-plied material |
US5185195A (en) * | 1990-11-19 | 1993-02-09 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Constructions having improved penetration resistance |
US5286833A (en) | 1992-12-03 | 1994-02-15 | The Dow Chemical Company | Polybenzazole fiber with ultra-high physical properties |
US5296185A (en) | 1992-12-03 | 1994-03-22 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for spinning a polybenzazole fiber |
GB9307233D0 (en) | 1993-04-07 | 1993-06-02 | Courtaulds Aerospace Ltd | Ceramic ballistic amour |
US5674969A (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1997-10-07 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Rigid rod polymer based on pyridobisimidazole |
BE1007230A3 (nl) | 1993-06-23 | 1995-04-25 | Dsm Nv | Composietbaan van onderling parallelle vezels in een matrix. |
US5534205A (en) | 1994-08-05 | 1996-07-09 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for preparing polybenzoxazole or polybenzothiazole fibers |
US5702657A (en) | 1994-12-27 | 1997-12-30 | Nippon Oil Co., Ltd. | Method for the continuous production of a polyethylene material having high strength and high modulus of elasticity |
NL1000360C2 (nl) | 1995-05-15 | 1996-11-18 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Werkwijze ter bereiding van pyridine-2, 6-diamines |
US5945537A (en) | 1995-09-19 | 1999-08-31 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Nitration of pyridine-2, 6-diamines |
NL1001628C2 (nl) | 1995-11-10 | 1997-05-13 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Werkwijze voor de tweevoudige carboxylering van dihydrische fenolen en meer in het bijzonder ter bereiding van 2,5-dihydroxytereftaalzuur. |
US6040050A (en) | 1997-06-18 | 2000-03-21 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Polybenzazole fiber having high tensile modulus and process of manufacture thereof |
AU2001264539A1 (en) | 2000-01-18 | 2001-08-20 | Millennium Armor Corporation | Multi-layered ballistic resistant article |
GB2364956A (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2002-02-13 | David Adie | Ballistic protection shield |
US6642159B1 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2003-11-04 | Honeywell International Inc. | Impact resistant rigid composite and method for manufacture |
US20040092183A1 (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-05-13 | Shalom Geva | Antiballistic composite material comprising combinations of distinct types of fibers |
US7288307B2 (en) | 2004-01-12 | 2007-10-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | Hybrid laminated fiber sheets |
US7284470B2 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-10-23 | Mine Safety Appliances Company | Ballistic resistant devices and systems and methods of manufacture thereof |
-
2006
- 2006-03-24 US US11/388,904 patent/US7642206B1/en active Active
-
2007
- 2007-03-21 JP JP2009503155A patent/JP5415254B2/ja active Active
- 2007-03-21 CN CNA2007800187482A patent/CN101448635A/zh active Pending
- 2007-03-21 EP EP07758998.4A patent/EP1998954B1/en active Active
- 2007-03-21 MX MX2008012188A patent/MX2008012188A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2007-03-21 ES ES07758998T patent/ES2710884T3/es active Active
- 2007-03-21 WO PCT/US2007/064502 patent/WO2008014020A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-03-23 CL CL2007000763A patent/CL2007000763A1/es unknown
- 2007-03-23 TW TW96110197A patent/TWI457240B/zh active
- 2007-03-26 AR ARP070101249 patent/AR060138A1/es unknown
- 2007-03-26 PE PE2007000343A patent/PE20071304A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2008
- 2008-09-24 IL IL194307A patent/IL194307A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2016
- 2016-03-06 IL IL244448A patent/IL244448A/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH04506325A (ja) * | 1989-06-30 | 1992-11-05 | アライド―シグナル・インコーポレーテッド | 急断抵抗性複合体物品 |
JP2005289056A (ja) * | 2004-03-09 | 2005-10-20 | Toray Ind Inc | 耐衝撃性繊維強化プラスチック及び多層構造体 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008014020A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
IL244448A0 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
JP5415254B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
CL2007000763A1 (es) | 2008-01-04 |
EP1998954B1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
PE20071304A1 (es) | 2007-12-14 |
US7642206B1 (en) | 2010-01-05 |
IL244448A (en) | 2017-04-30 |
TW200744848A (en) | 2007-12-16 |
ES2710884T3 (es) | 2019-04-29 |
EP1998954A1 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
JP2009531648A (ja) | 2009-09-03 |
IL194307A (en) | 2016-03-31 |
AR060138A1 (es) | 2008-05-28 |
MX2008012188A (es) | 2008-10-23 |
CN101448635A (zh) | 2009-06-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI457240B (zh) | 陶瓷表面之防彈板構造 | |
US7601416B2 (en) | Fragment and stab resistant flexible material with reduced trauma effect | |
EP2121301B1 (en) | Cross-plied composite ballistic articles | |
RU2668488C2 (ru) | Пуленепробиваемый материал (варианты), объединяющий тканые или нетканые композиты | |
EP2061650B1 (en) | High performance ballistic composites having improved flexibility and method of making the same | |
EP1989502B1 (en) | Restrained breast plates, vehicle armored plates and helmets | |
JP5202311B2 (ja) | 防弾性物品 | |
TWI409374B (zh) | 製造改良之衝擊產品的方法 | |
TWI401038B (zh) | 保護性頭盔 | |
US20070293109A1 (en) | Composite material for stab, ice pick and armor applications | |
JP2009543010A (ja) | 改良されたセラミック弾道パネル構造物 | |
JP5535307B2 (ja) | 耐弾道性防護具物品 | |
US10408575B2 (en) | Ballistic resistant articles comprising tapes | |
MX2008010521A (es) | Metodo para fabricar productos resistentes a impactos balisticos mejorados |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
GD4A | Issue of patent certificate for granted invention patent |