TWI453522B - 色減顯示器 - Google Patents

色減顯示器 Download PDF

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TWI453522B
TWI453522B TW096145199A TW96145199A TWI453522B TW I453522 B TWI453522 B TW I453522B TW 096145199 A TW096145199 A TW 096145199A TW 96145199 A TW96145199 A TW 96145199A TW I453522 B TWI453522 B TW I453522B
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display
pixels
resolution
magenta
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TW096145199A
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TW200837473A (en
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Sander Jurgen Roosendaal
Delden Martinus Hermanus Wilhelmus Maria Van
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Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv
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    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
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    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
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    • G09G3/344Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices
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    • G09G3/34Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/38Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using electrochromic devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/02Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the way in which colour is displayed
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
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    • G09G5/00Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/22Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of characters or indicia using display control signals derived from coded signals representing the characters or indicia, e.g. with a character-code memory
    • G09G5/222Control of the character-code memory
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675Constructional details
    • G02F2001/1678Constructional details characterised by the composition or particle type
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    • G02F2201/52RGB geometrical arrangements
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G02F2203/00Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/34Colour display without the use of colour mosaic filters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09GARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/02Composition of display devices
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    • GPHYSICS
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    • G09G2300/04Structural and physical details of display devices
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    • G09G2300/0452Details of colour pixel setup, e.g. pixel composed of a red, a blue and two green components
    • GPHYSICS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Description

色減顯示器
本發明係關於一種包含至少兩個不同吸色層之垂直堆疊的顯示器。
本發明亦係關於一種包含此顯示器之顯示系統及一種用於控制此顯示器之方法。
US 2002/0171620中揭示了包含至少兩個不同吸色層之垂直堆疊之顯示器的實例。更準確言之,US 2002/0171620係關於併有背光之透射性色彩電泳顯示器。顯示器具有複數個橫向鄰近像素。每一像素包含垂直地堆疊之兩個或兩個以上單元,一者直接在另一者上方。堆疊中之每一單元亦具有橫向鄰近相似單元,其共同地形成顯示器中之單元層。單元含有透光性流體及帶電顏料粒子,其可吸收可見光譜之一部分,其中堆疊中之每一單元所含有之粒子具有不同於堆疊中之其他單元中之粒子之色彩的色彩。像素之色彩係由起源於背光之可見光譜的經受得住橫過堆疊中之每一單元(因此橫過標誌色減顯示器)之累積效應之部分判定。US 2002/0171620中之顯示器之適當單元色彩包括青色(C)、洋紅色(M)及黃色(Y),從而得到三層顯示器。在CMY中,洋紅色加黃色產生紅色,洋紅色加青色產生藍色,且青色加黃色產生綠色。由每一單元所透射之光的量及色彩受單元內之顏料粒子的位置及色彩控制。位置又藉由適當電壓至單元之電極之施加來指導。當 顏料粒子定位於進入單元之光的路徑中時,粒子吸收此光之選定部分且剩餘光透射穿過單元。當顏料粒子大體上自進入單元之光的路徑被移除時,光可穿過單元且排出而無顯著的可見變化。因此,檢視者所見之光之色彩/光譜視垂直堆疊中之單元中之每一者中的粒子分布而定。由於堆疊中之單元中的每一者佔用與像素本身相同的橫向面積,所以透射效率可顯著地高於依靠子像素之並排配置以產生色彩之解決方案的透射效率。
然而,US 2002/0171620中所揭示之顯示器的問題在於:其可能由於需要準確地垂直對準各別單元層中之個別像素且需要最小化中間透光性窗口之厚度以避免像素之間的色彩串擾而難以製造。
本發明之一目標為克服或至少減輕此問題且提供改良式色減顯示器。
自以下描述將為明顯的此目標及其他目標係藉由根據隨附申請專利範圍之顯示器、包含此顯示器之顯示系統及用於控制此顯示器之方法來達成。
根據第一態樣,提供一種包含像素之至少兩個不同吸色層之垂直堆疊的顯示器,其特徵在於:該等層中之至少兩者的像素解析度為不同的。
本發明係基於以下理解:由於人類視覺對亮度細節比對色度細節更敏感,所以一些層之解析度可減小而不顯著地影響檢視者所察覺之顯示輸出。因此,包含判定色度之色 彩的層與包含判定亮度之色彩的層相比可具有更低的解析度。舉例而言,包含青色及/或黃色之層與包含洋紅色之層相比可具有更低的解析度。人眼對藍色及紅色與對綠色相比具有更低的解析敏感度(較少錐形),藍色及紅色分別由黃色及青色支配;而人眼(即,桿)能夠察覺相對於亮度之高解析度,其主要由洋紅色支配。能夠使用較低像素解析度之層極其有助於顯示器之製造。
青色像素與洋紅色像素之面積比可為(例如)4:1(亦即,青色像素之面積為洋紅色像素之面積的四倍,或換言之,青色像素解析度為洋紅色像素解析度的1/4),而黃色像素與洋紅色像素之面積比可高達16:1(亦即,黃色像素之面積高達洋紅色像素之面積的十六倍,或換言之,黃色像素解析度下至洋紅色像素解析度的1/16),如由實驗所確認。亦即,例如,對於一黃色像素,存在四個青色像素及16個洋紅色像素。
較佳地,具有最低解析度之層為置放於顯示器之檢視側處的頂層,且具有較高解析度之層逐漸地進一步向下置放於堆疊中。因此,具有最高解析度之層成為底層。此減小了視差效應及像素之間的串擾。
在顯示器之較佳實施例中,頂層包含黃色,中間層包含青色且底層包含洋紅色,其中底層與中間層相比具有更高的解析度且中間層與頂層相比具有更高的解析度。此顯示器受益於簡化之製造與減小之串擾兩者,如上文所論述。或者,頂層可包含黃色與青色兩者,藉以可省略中間層, 此又減小了未對準(兩個層而非三個層)與顯示器厚度。純黑色可被添加於洋紅色層或專用額外層中。
另外,至少一層可具備用於覆蓋該至少一層之像素中之集極面積的光屏蔽。集極面積為當像素在其透明狀態中時容納色彩粒子處之像素的面積。此外,光屏蔽用於確保集極面積之色彩不視像素之狀態而改變。光屏蔽可為單獨的或由集極面積之集電極形成。較佳地,對於具有洋紅色層、青色層及黃色層之顯示器,由於洋紅色層應具有最高解析度,所以光屏蔽僅被提供於洋紅色層中。然而,光屏蔽可被提供於所有三個層中。
另外,像素之形狀可為正方形及六邊形中之一者。正方形像素為直接方法。然而,具有以蜂巢式圖案而配置之六邊形像素的布局使得更易於顯示對角線,縮放可能尤其由於洋紅色像素可被精確地置放於每一青色及黃色像素之中心而為較不可見的,且任何光屏蔽可能由於不同層之集極面積在與以正方形像素之方法中相同的程度上不垂直地對準而為較不可見的。
根據本發明之顯示器可為反射型或透射型顯示器。在後者狀況下,顯示器較佳與背光整合。另外,根據本發明之顯示器可為電泳、電濕化或電致變色(electrochromic)顯示器。
根據另一態樣,提供一種顯示系統,其包含:根據以上描述之顯示器;及控制單元,其適應於接收視訊信號、根據顯示層之解析度來縮放視訊信號且根據所縮放之影像信 號來控制顯示器。此態樣顯示出類似於本發明之先前所論述態樣的優點。
縮放(scale)用以使所有色彩具有相同解析度之典型源視訊(例如,RGB)信號適應於具有不同解析度之吸色層的發明性顯示器。縮放可(例如)藉由在較高解析度像素(例如,洋紅色像素)之群上對一或多個較低解析度像素(例如,青色或黃色)的縮放性質求平均來執行。縮放性質可為光學密度、亮度、位元等級,等等。
根據又一態樣,提供一種用於控制根據以上描述之顯示器的方法,該方法包含接收視訊信號、根據顯示層之解析度來縮放視訊信號,及根據所縮放之視訊信號來控制顯示器。此態樣顯示出類似於本發明之先前所論述態樣的優點。
圖1a-1b說明根據本發明之一實施例的色減電泳顯示器10。顯示器10包含三個垂直堆疊層14a、14b及14c。元件16被提供於堆疊之後部處。在反射型顯示器之狀況下,元件16較佳為反射器。在透射型顯示器之狀況下,元件16較佳為諸如背光之光源。
堆疊之每一層14包含並排配置於層中之複數個像素18。圖2a-2b中更詳細地說明例示性像素18。像素18包含至少一可定址電極,此處由集電極20說明。電極20可(例如)置放於像素18之上部隅角處,如在圖2a-2b中。或者,其可沿像素之側壁而置放。像素18進一步具有可在像素18內移動之帶電吸色粒子24的懸浮物。藉由適當地改變電極20之 電壓,像素18可在分布或吸收狀態(圖2a)與收集或透明狀態(圖2b)以及若干中間狀態之間切換。在分布狀態中,無電壓被施加至電極20,且粒子24通常可均一地分布於覆蓋像素18之大部分水平面積之檢視面積26中的整個像素18中。在此狀態中橫過像素18之光部分可視像素18中之粒子24的色彩而被吸收。舉例而言,在洋紅色粒子及入射白光之狀況下,白光之波長經吸收,使得來自像素18之光將對檢視者呈現洋紅色。另一方面,在收集狀態中,電壓被施加至電極20(例如,負電壓用於正粒子24或正電壓用於負粒子24),藉以粒子24由電極20吸引至覆蓋像素18之水平面積之有限部分的集極面積28。在此狀態中,像素18基本上為透明的,且擊打像素18之任何光將實際上無改變地穿過其中。電極20此處可充當覆蓋集極面積28之光屏蔽,使得集極面積28之所察覺色彩不視像素狀態而改變。為此,電極20較佳為黑色。或者,可提供專用光屏蔽。在中間狀態(未圖示)中,粒子24之一部分被收集且粒子24之一部分被分布。為了避免被施加於像素中之電壓不導致干擾其他像素中之場力線,應適當地選擇基板、電極、懸浮物或像素之其他元件的介電常數及電導率。又,可提供額外電極以增強粒子之可控性。
返回至圖1a-1b,顯示器10之底層14a包含洋紅色,亦即,層14a中之像素18a包含洋紅色粒子。另外,中間層14b包含青色,且顯示器10之檢視側處的頂層14c包含黃色。藉由適當地切換不同層14a、14b及14c中之像素20的 狀態,可達成如由檢視者所察覺之各種輸出色彩。亦即,像素18之特定堆疊的色彩係由輸入光之可見光譜的經受得住橫過每一層14(色減顯示器)之累積效應之部分判定。
以下在表1中列出基於白光之輸入且視層14a、14b及14c之不同狀態而定的各種輸出色彩。在表1中,"-"表示透明狀態,"X"表示吸收狀態,"W"表示白色,"M"表示洋紅色,"C"表示青色,"Y"表示黃色,"B"表示藍色,"R"表示紅色,"G"表示綠色,且"K"表示黑色。表1中所列出之機制通常被稱為CMYK色彩模型,其中C為青色,M為洋紅色,Y為黃色,且K為黑色。
根據本發明,不同層14a、14b及14c具有不同像素解析度。在圖1之實施例中,青色像素18b與洋紅色像素18a之面積比為4:1,而黃色像素18c與洋紅色像素18a之面積比為16:1。亦即,對於一黃色像素18c,存在四個青色像素18b及16個洋紅色像素18a。在圖1b中,以點線來展示洋紅色像素18a,以虛線來展示青色像素18b,且以實線來展示黃色像素18c。
不管青色及黃色之較低解析度,顯示器10具有與習知顯示器類似的效能,其中所有層具有相同解析度,如上文所論述。能夠使用較低像素解析度之層極其有助於顯示器10 之製造。
額外益處係藉由根據解析度來分類堆疊中之層14來實現,其中最低解析度(此處為黃色層14c)在頂部處且具有最高解析度之層(此處為洋紅色層14a)在底部處。此減小了視差效應及像素之間的串擾。即,在所有層具有相同解析度之習知顯示器中,存在在途中內外穿過不同像素之"傾斜"光束的高機率(在反射性顯示器中),從而導致視差效應及像素串擾。然而,在發明性顯示器中,由於頂部像素大於底部像素,所以減小了在途中內外穿過不同像素之光束的機率。此係由例示性射線追蹤32說明,其在途中內外穿過同一黃色像素18c。
由於洋紅色層14a具有最高解析度,所以以上所提及之專用光屏蔽較佳僅被提供於洋紅色層14a中。然而,光屏蔽可被提供於所有三個層14a-c中。
圖3a-3b說明根據本發明之另一實施例的色減電泳顯示器10。與圖1a-1b之顯示器對比,此顯示器僅包含兩個層14,其中頂層14bc包含黃色與青色兩者,而底層14a包含洋紅色。此得到層14bc中之不同像素設計。圖4a-4d中更詳細地描繪例示性像素18bc。像素18bc包含兩個可定址集電極20b及20c。電極20b及20c較佳置放於像素18bc之上部相對隅角處。或者,其可沿像素18bc之相對側壁22而置放。像素18bc之懸浮物進一步包含青色粒子與黃色粒子24b及24c兩者,其除了色彩以外在至少一其他性質上不同。在此實例中,青色粒子24b具有正電荷及高遷移率, 而黃色粒子24c具有負電荷及低遷移率。藉由適當地改變電極20b及20c之電壓Vb、Vc(電壓位準、持續時間,等等),像素18bc可在至少四個狀態之間切換。在第一狀態(圖4a)中,Vb=-V且Vc=+V,藉以青色粒子24b由電極20b吸引至集極面積28b且黃色粒子24c由電極20c吸引至集極面積28c。在此狀態中,像素18bc基本上為透明的,且擊打像素18bc之任何光將實際上無改變地穿過其中。此後,場經反向。若脈衝較短,則檢視面積26將被僅在基本上平面內方向上移動朝向電極20c之快速青色粒子24b佔用(圖4b),而較慢黃色粒子24c保持於集極面積24c處或附近。在此第二狀態中,對於白光之輸入,像素18bc將對檢視者呈現青色(見以上之表1)。另一方面,若脈衝較長,則快速青色粒子24b將被收集於集極面積24c處(圖4c),而檢視面積26將僅被較慢黃色粒子24b佔用。因此,在此第三狀態中,像素18bc將對檢視者呈現黃色。最後,藉由施加中間脈衝與AC"振動"或促進粒子之布朗運動(防止黏附)的其他方式一起,可達成一混合狀態,其中所有粒子24b及24c皆分布於檢視面積26中之整個像素18bc中。在此第四狀態中,像素18bc將對檢視者呈現綠色。視需要,每一電極20可具備一光屏蔽(未圖示),如上文所論述。為了避免被施加於像素中之電壓不導致干擾其他像素中之場力線,應適當地選擇基板、電極、懸浮物或像素之其他元件的介電常數及電導率。又,除了極性及遷移率以外之可用於控制每一單元中之不同色彩粒子的其他性質包括電荷量值、臨限 場、雙穩定性或其組合。又,可提供額外電極以增強不同色彩粒子之可控性。
返回至圖3a-3b,根據本發明,頂部青色及黃色層14bc與洋紅色層14a相比具有更低的像素解析度。在例示性顯示器中,青色及黃色像素18bc與洋紅色像素18a之面積比為4:1。換言之,對於一青色及黃色像素18bc,存在四個洋紅色像素18a。因此,圖3a-3b中之黃色像素與洋紅色像素的面積比低於圖2a-2b中之面積比(4:1對比16:1)。在圖3b中,以點線來展示洋紅色像素18a,且以實線來展示青色及黃色像素18bc。如上文,不管減小之解析度,顯示器效能完全為適當的。
圖3a-3b之顯示器進一步顯示出類似於以上所論述之圖1a-1b之顯示器的優點,亦即,簡化之製造、減小之視差及減小之串擾。另外,由於省略一個層,因此可使圖3a-3b之顯示器更薄。又,僅必須堆疊且對準兩個層而非三個層,此減小了未對準之風險。
在以上所示之兩個顯示器實施例中,可添加純黑色。需要添加純黑色之一原因在於:青色、洋紅色及黃色顏料之混合物不產生純黑色,而為暗色。用於添加純黑色之直接方法為包括具有包含黑色粒子之像素的額外層。在另一方法中,具有不同電荷之洋紅色粒子與黑色粒子兩者皆被引入於關於圖4a-4d所揭示之類型的像素中。此等像素之層可用於以上所示之兩個顯示器實施例中。由於黑色判定亮度,所以其應具有高解析度,較佳為與以上之洋紅色相同 的解析度。
如圖5中所說明,發明性顯示器10有利地包含於顯示系統50中,顯示系統50除了顯示器10以外進一步包含耦接至顯示器之顯示控制單元52。將關於圖6a及圖6b而描述CMY顯示器10之控制單元52的例示性操作。
圖6a為用於控制顯示器10之第一方法的流程圖,該方法有利地由顯示控制單元52執行。在步驟54a中,接收習知數位紅色、綠色、藍色(RGB)視訊信號,該視訊信號表示待在顯示器10上顯示之影像。在習知數位RGB視訊信號中,所有色彩通常具有相同解析度。在步驟56a中,將伽瑪函數應用至所接收之RGB信號,從而得到亮度域中之R成分、G成分及B成分。在步驟58a中,接著將R成分、G成分及B成分轉換為C信號、M信號及Y信號。轉換可為(例如)C=1-R、M=1-G、Y=1-B。或者,可使用查找表或其他已知轉換方法。接著,在步驟60a中應用縮放函數,其中根據對應層之解析度來縮放C信號、M信號及Y信號,從而得到信號C'、M'、Y'。應注意,由於洋紅色通常具有最高解析度,所以其通常因此不由縮放改變,在該狀況下,M'=M。對於縮放,可使用任何已知適當方法,例如,求平均、低通濾波或拉格朗日內插。又,適當方法可使用整個視訊影像之較小或較大子集。驅動信號VC、VM、VY接著為基於C'、M'及Y'信號之所計算信號(步驟62a)。用於計算驅動信號之各種方法本身為已知的且可應用於本發明中。驅動信號可(例如)視顯示器之驅動方法而藉由(電壓或 電流)脈衝高度、脈衝持續時間、工作循環、頻率或其組合來表示。最後,在步驟64a中,根據所計算之驅動信號VC、VM、VY來控制顯示器10。
圖6b為用於控制顯示器10之第二方法的流程圖,該方法有利地由顯示控制單元52執行。在步驟54b中,接收習知數位紅色、綠色、藍色(RGB)視訊信號。在步驟56b中,應用伽瑪函數,從而得到線性亮度域中之R、G及B成分。接著在步驟57b中將R、G及B成分轉換為光學密度域。光學密度OD通常由ODX=-log(X)給出,其中X為線性亮度域中之值。接著(例如)藉由矩陣運算或查找表而將R、G及B之光學密度轉換為C、M及Y之光學密度(ODC、ODM、ODY)(步驟58b)。接著,在步驟60b中應用縮放函數,其中根據對應層之解析度來縮放C、M及Y之光學密度,從而得到ODC'、ODM'、ODY'。如上文,ODM'通常等於ODM。在例示性縮放運算中,黃色像素之光學密度藉由對原始視訊影像中之16個像素的黃色光學密度求平均來獲得,該黃色像素比洋紅色像素大16倍。驅動信號VC、VM、VY接著為基於C、M及Y之縮放光學密度的所計算信號(步驟62b)。最後,在步驟64b中,根據所計算之驅動信號VC、VM、VY來控制顯示器10。
以上方法之變化包括省略伽瑪函數(步驟56)、在縮放之後自RGB轉換為CMY、在CIELab域或其他類似適當域中縮放(在縮放之前及/或之後以對應轉換),等等。在另一變化中,源視訊信號可不同於RGB而被編碼於(例如)亮度/色度碼(例如,YUV)中或直接編碼為CMY。在後者狀況下,可 省略以上之RGB至CMY轉換,且可直接在CMY域中之一者中進行縮放(位元等級、線性亮度或光學密度)。
代替如圖1b及圖3b中所說明之使用具有正方形水平橫截面之像素的直接方法,可如圖7中所說明來有利地使用具有以蜂巢式圖案而配置之六邊形像素18的布局。與以正方形像素之方法相比,此設計可對製造有稍微更多的需求,但其固有地使更易於顯示對角線。另外,縮放可能尤其由於洋紅色像素18a可被精確地置放於每一青色像素18b及黃色像素18c之中心而為較不可見的。又,任何光屏蔽可能由於不同層之集極面積在與以正方形像素之方法中相同的程度上不垂直地對準而為較不可見的。
熟習此項技術者認識到,本發明決不限於以上所描述之較佳實施例。相反地,在隨附申請專利範圍之範疇內的許多修改及變化為可能的。舉例而言,即使已描述電泳顯示器,但以具有不同像素解析度之不同層的發明性解決方案同樣可應用於諸如電濕化或電致變色顯示器之其他顯示器。此等顯示器本身為已知的。又,即使已描述CMY/CMYK顯示器,但以具有不同像素解析度之不同層的發明性解決方案同樣可應用於具有不同原色之顯示器(諸如,青色-黃色-黑色顯示器或青色-橘色-黑色顯示器),其中判定亮度之黑色與青色及黃色/橘色相比應具有更高的解析度。
雖然已在圖式及以上描述中詳細地說明且描述了本發明,但認為此說明及描述為說明性或例示性的而非限制性 的;本發明不限於所揭示實施例。對所揭示實施例之變化可由熟習此項技術者自對圖式、揭示內容及隨附申請專利範圍之研究而在實踐本發明時理解且實現。在申請專利範圍中,詞語"包含"不排除其他元件,且量詞"一"不排除複數個。在相互不同之附屬請求項中陳述特定措施之純粹事實不指示此等措施之組合不能被有利地使用。申請專利範圍中之任何參考符號不應被解釋為限制範疇。
10‧‧‧色減電泳顯示器
14a‧‧‧底層
14b‧‧‧中間層
14c‧‧‧頂層
16‧‧‧元件
18‧‧‧像素
18a‧‧‧洋紅色像素
18b‧‧‧青色像素
18bc‧‧‧青色及黃色像素
18c‧‧‧黃色像素
20‧‧‧電極/集電極
20b‧‧‧電極/集電極
20c‧‧‧電極/集電極
24‧‧‧帶電吸色粒子
24b‧‧‧青色粒子
24c‧‧‧黃色粒子
26‧‧‧檢視面積
28‧‧‧集極面積
28b‧‧‧集極面積
28c‧‧‧集極面積
32‧‧‧射線追蹤
50‧‧‧顯示系統
52‧‧‧顯示控制單元
圖1a為根據本發明之實施例之具有三個吸色層之顯示器的側剖視圖;圖1b為圖1a之顯示器的俯視圖;圖2a-2b為圖1a-1b之顯示器中之例示性像素的側剖視圖;圖3a為根據本發明之另一實施例之具有兩個吸色層之顯示器的側剖視圖;圖3b為圖3a之顯示器的俯視圖;圖4a-4d為圖3a-3b之顯示器中之例示性像素的側剖視圖;圖5為根據本發明之實施例之顯示系統的示意性方塊圖;圖6a-6b為根據本發明之實施例之顯示控制方法的流程圖;圖7為說明替代像素形狀及布局之俯視圖。
應注意,此等圖為圖解的且不按比例繪製。為了圖式之 清晰及方便起見,已在大小上誇示或減小地展示了此等圖之零件的相對尺寸及比例。
10‧‧‧色減電泳顯示器
14a‧‧‧底層
14b‧‧‧中間層
14c‧‧‧頂層
16‧‧‧元件
18a‧‧‧洋紅色像素
18b‧‧‧青色像素
18c‧‧‧黃色像素
32‧‧‧射線追蹤

Claims (14)

  1. 一種色減(color subtractive)顯示器(10),該色減顯示器包含像素(18)之至少兩個不同吸色(color absorbing)層(14)之一垂直堆疊,該至少兩個不同吸色層包含一包含青色(cyan)之層(14b)或一包含黃色之層(14c),以及一包含洋紅色(magenta)之層(14a),其中該等層中之至少兩者的像素解析度為不同的,該色減顯示器之特徵在於:該包含青色之層(14b)或該包含黃色之層(14c)具有一低於該包含洋紅色之層(14a)的解析度。
  2. 如請求項1之色減顯示器,其中具有最低解析度之層為一置放於該顯示器之檢視側處的頂層,而具有較高解析度之層逐漸地進一步向下置放於該堆疊中。
  3. 如請求項1之色減顯示器,其中該包含黃色之層係一置放於該顯示器之檢視側處的頂層(14c),且其中該包含青色之層係一中間層(14b),且其中該包含洋紅色之層係一置放於該堆疊之相對側處的底層(14a),該底層與該中間層相比具有更高的解析度且該中間層與該頂層相比具有更高的解析度。
  4. 如請求項1之色減顯示器,其中一頂層(14bc)包含黃色及青色,且其中一置放於該顯示器之檢視側處的底層(14a)包含洋紅色,該底層與該頂層相比具有更高的解析度。
  5. 如請求項1之色減顯示器,其中至少一層具備用於覆蓋該至少一層之該等像素中之集極區域(collector areas)的光屏蔽。
  6. 如請求項5之色減顯示器,其中該等光屏蔽僅被提供於該包含洋紅色之層(14a)中。
  7. 如請求項1之色減顯示器,其中該等像素之形狀為正方形及六邊形中之一者。
  8. 如請求項1之色減顯示器,其中該顯示器為一電泳、電濕化或電致變色(electrochromism)顯示器。
  9. 一種色減顯示系統(50),包含:如請求項1之色減顯示器(10);及一控制單元(52),其經調適於接收一視訊信號、根據顯示層之解析度來縮放(scale)該視訊信號且根據該經縮放之輸入視訊信號來控制該顯示器。
  10. 如請求項9之色減顯示系統,其中該控制單元經調適於藉由在較高解析度像素之一群上對一或多個對應較低解析度像素的一縮放性質求平均來縮放該視訊信號。
  11. 如請求項10之色減顯示系統,其中該縮放性質為光學密度、亮度及位元等級(bit level)中之一者。
  12. 一種用於控制如請求項1之色減顯示器(10)的方法,該方法包含接收一視訊信號、根據顯示層之解析度來縮放該視訊信號,及根據該經縮放之視訊信號來控制該顯示器。
  13. 如請求項12之方法,其中該縮放包含在較高解析度像素之一群上對一或多個對應較低解析度像素的一縮放性質求平均。
  14. 如請求項13之方法,其中該縮放性質為光學密度、亮度及位元等級中之一者。
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