TWI430536B

TWI430536B - Battery heating circuit

Info

Publication number: TWI430536B
Application number: TW100143132A
Authority: TW
Inventors: Wenhui Xu; Yaochuan Han; Wei Feng; Qinyao Yang; Wenjin Xia; Shibin Ma
Original assignee: Byd Co Ltd
Priority date: 2010-12-23
Filing date: 2011-11-24
Publication date: 2014-03-11
Also published as: TW201230607A

Description

Battery heating circuit

本發明屬於電子設備技術領域，尤其涉及一種電池的加熱電路。
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic devices, and in particular relates to a heating circuit of a battery.

考慮到汽車需要在複雜的路況和環境條件下行駛，或者有些電子設備需要在較差的環境條件中使用的情況，所以，作為電動車或電子設備電源的電池就需要適應這些複雜的狀況。而且除了需要考慮這些狀況，還需考慮電池的使用壽命及電池的充放電迴圈性能，尤其是當電動車或電子設備處於低溫環境中時，更需要電池具有優異的低溫充放電性能和較高的輸入輸出功率性能。
一般而言，如果在低溫條件下對電池充電的話，將會導致電池的阻抗增大，極化增強，從而導致電池的容量下降，最終導致電池壽命的降低。Considering that cars need to travel under complex road conditions and environmental conditions, or that some electronic devices need to be used in poor environmental conditions, batteries that are power sources for electric vehicles or electronic devices need to adapt to these complex conditions. In addition to the need to consider these conditions, you also need to consider the battery life and battery charge and discharge loop performance, especially when the electric vehicle or electronic equipment is in a low temperature environment, it is more desirable that the battery has excellent low temperature charge and discharge performance and higher Input and output power performance.
In general, if the battery is charged under low temperature conditions, the impedance of the battery will increase, the polarization will increase, and the capacity of the battery will decrease, eventually leading to a decrease in battery life.

本發明的目的是針對電池在低溫條件下會導致電池的阻抗增大，極化增強，由此導致電池的容量下降的問題，提供一種電池的加熱電路。為了保持電池在低溫條件下的容量，提高電池的充放電性能，本發明提供了一種電池的加熱電路。
本發明提供的電池的加熱電路，該加熱電路包括開關裝置、開關控制模組、阻尼元件、儲能電路以及能量轉移單元，所述儲能電路用於與所述電池連接，所述儲能電路包括電流記憶元件和電荷記憶元件，所述阻尼元件和開關裝置與所述儲能電路串聯，所述開關控制模組與開關裝置連接，用於控制開關裝置導通和關斷，以控制能量在所述電池與所述儲能電路之間的流動，所述能量轉移單元與所述儲能電路連接，用於在開關裝置關斷後，將儲能電路中的能量轉移至儲能元件中。
本發明提供的加熱電路能夠提高電池的充放電性能，並且在該加熱電路中，儲能電路與電池串聯，當給電池加熱時，由於串聯的電荷記憶元件的存在，能夠避免開關裝置失效短路引起的安全性問題，能夠有效地保護電池。同時，本發明的加熱電路中還提供了能量轉移單元，當開關裝置關斷後，該能量轉移單元能夠將儲能電路中的能量轉移至其他儲能元件或者提供給其他設備，因此還起到了能量回收利用的作用。
本發明的其他特徵和優點將在隨後的具體實施方式部分予以詳細說明。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a heating circuit for a battery in which the battery causes an increase in impedance of the battery under high temperature conditions and polarization is increased, thereby causing a decrease in the capacity of the battery. In order to maintain the capacity of the battery under low temperature conditions and improve the charge and discharge performance of the battery, the present invention provides a heating circuit for a battery.
A heating circuit for a battery provided by the present invention, the heating circuit comprising a switching device, a switch control module, a damping element, a storage circuit and an energy transfer unit, wherein the energy storage circuit is configured to be connected to the battery, the energy storage circuit The utility model comprises a current memory element and a charge memory element, wherein the damping element and the switching device are connected in series with the energy storage circuit, and the switch control module is connected with the switching device for controlling the switching device to be turned on and off to control the energy in the The flow between the battery and the energy storage circuit is coupled to the energy storage circuit for transferring energy in the energy storage circuit to the energy storage element after the switching device is turned off.
The heating circuit provided by the invention can improve the charge and discharge performance of the battery, and in the heating circuit, the energy storage circuit is connected in series with the battery, and when the battery is heated, due to the existence of the series of charge memory elements, the failure of the switching device can be avoided. The safety issue can effectively protect the battery. At the same time, an energy transfer unit is further provided in the heating circuit of the present invention. When the switching device is turned off, the energy transfer unit can transfer energy in the energy storage circuit to other energy storage components or to other devices, thereby also functioning The role of energy recycling.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be described in detail in the detailed description which follows.

以下結合附圖對本發明的具體實施方式進行詳細說明。應當理解的是，此處所描述的具體實施方式僅用於說明和解釋本發明，並不用於限制本發明。
需要指出的是，除非特別說明，當下文中提及時，術語“開關控制模組”為任意能夠根據設定的條件或者設定的時刻輸出相應的控制指令（例如具有相應占空比的脈衝波形）從而控制與其連接的開關裝置相應地導通或關斷的控制器，例如可以為PLC（可編程控制器）等；當下文中提及時，術語“開關”指的是可以通過電信號實現通斷控制或者根據元器件自身的特性實現通斷控制的開關，既可以是單向開關，例如由雙向開關與二極體串聯構成的可單嚮導通的開關等，也可以是雙向開關，例如金屬氧化物半導體型場效應管（Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor，MOSFET）或帶有反並續流二極體的IGBT（Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，絕緣柵雙極型電晶體）等；當下文中提及時，術語“雙向開關”指的是可以通過電信號實現通斷控制或者根據元器件自身的特性實現通斷控制的可雙嚮導通的開關，例如MOSFET或帶有反並續流二極體的IGBT等；當下文中提及時，單向半導體元件指的是具有單嚮導通功能的半導體元件，例如二極體等；當下文中提及時，術語“電荷記憶元件”指任意可以實現電荷存儲的裝置，例如電容等；當下文中提及時，術語“電流記憶元件”指任意可以對電流進行存儲的裝置，例如電感等；當下文中提及時，術語“正向”指能量從電池向儲能電路流動的方向，術語“反向”指能量從儲能電路向電池流動的方向；當下文中提及時，術語“電池”包括一次電池（例如乾電池、鹼性電池等）和二次電池（例如鋰離子電池、鎳鎘電池、鎳氫電池或鉛酸電池等）；當下文中提及時，術語“阻尼元件”指任意通過對電流的流動起阻礙作用以實現能量消耗的裝置，例如可以為電阻等；當下文中提及時，術語“主回路”指的是電池與阻尼元件、開關裝置以及儲能電路串聯組成的回路。
這裏還需要特別說明的是，考慮到不同類型的電池的不同特性，在本發明中，“電池”可以指不包含內部寄生電阻和寄生電感、或者內部寄生電阻的阻值和寄生電感的電感值較小的理想電池，也可以指包含有內部寄生電阻和寄生電感的電池包。因此，本領域技術人員應當理解的是，當“電池”為不包含內部寄生電阻和寄生電感、或者內部寄生電阻的阻值和寄生電感的電感值較小的理想電池時，第一阻尼元件R1指的是電池外接的阻尼元件，電流記憶元件L1指的是電池外接的電流記憶元件；當“電池”為包含有內部寄生電阻和寄生電感的電池包時，第一阻尼元件R1既可以指電池外部的阻尼元件，也可以指電池包內部的寄生電阻，同樣地，電流記憶元件L1既可以指電池外部的電流記憶元件，也可以指電池包內部的寄生電感。
在本發明的實施例中，為了保證電池的使用壽命，需要在低溫情況下對電池進行加熱，當達到加熱條件時，控制加熱電路開始工作，對電池進行加熱，當達到停止加熱條件時，控制加熱電路停止工作。
在電池的實際應用中，隨著環境的改變，可以根據實際的環境情況對電池的加熱條件和停止加熱條件進行設置，以對電池的溫度進行更精確的控制，從而保證電池的充放電性能。
為了對處於低溫環境中的電池E進行加熱，本發明提供了一種電池E的加熱電路，如第1圖所示，該加熱電路包括開關裝置1、開關控制模組100、第一阻尼元件R1、儲能電路以及能量轉移單元，所述儲能電路與電池E連接。在本發明的一個實施例中，該儲能電路包括電流記憶元件L1和第一電荷記憶元件C1，第一阻尼元件R1和開關裝置1與所述儲能電路串聯，所述開關控制模組100與開關裝置1連接，用於控制開關裝置1導通和關斷，以控制能量在電池與儲能電路之間的流動，能量轉移單元與儲能電路連接，用於在開關裝置1導通再關斷後，將儲能電路中的能量轉移至儲能元件中。
根據本發明的技術方案，當達到加熱條件時，開關控制模組100控制開關裝置1導通，電池E與儲能電路串聯構成回路，電池E可以通過回路放電，即對第一電荷記憶元件C1進行充電，當回路中的電流經過電流峰值後正向為零時，第一電荷記憶元件C1開始通過回路放電，即是對電池E充電；在電池E的充放電過程中，回路中的電流正向、反向均能流過第一阻尼元件R1，通過第一阻尼元件R1的發熱可以達到給電池E加熱的目的，通過控制開關裝置1的導通和關斷時間，可以控制電池E僅通過放電來加熱，或者通過放電和充電兩種方式來加熱。當達到停止加熱條件時，開關控制模組100可以控制開關裝置1關斷，加熱電路停止工作。
能量轉移單元與儲能電路連接，用於在開關裝置1導通再關斷後，將儲能電路中的能量轉移到儲能元件中，目的在於對存儲電路中的能量進行回收利用。儲能元件可以是外接電容、低溫電池或者電網以及其他用電設備。
優選情況下，儲能元件是本發明提供的電池E，能量轉移單元包括電量回灌單元103，該電量回灌單元103與儲能電路連接，用於在開關裝置1導通再關斷後，將儲能電路中的能量轉移至電池E中，如第2圖所示。
根據本發明的技術方案，在開關裝置1關斷後，通過能量轉移單元將儲能電路中的能量轉移到電池E中，能夠在開關裝置1再次導通後對被轉移的能量進行迴圈利用，提高了加熱電路的工作效率。
作為電量回灌單元103的一種實施方式，如第3圖所示，電量回灌單元103包括第二DC-DC模組3，該第二DC-DC模組3與第一電荷記憶元件C1和電池E分別連接，開關控制模組100還與第二DC-DC模組3連接，用於通過控制第二DC-DC模組3工作來將第一電荷記憶元件C1中的能量轉移到電池E中。
第二DC-DC模組3是本領域中常用的用於實現能量轉移的直流變直流轉換電路，本發明不對第二DC-DC模組3的具體電路結構作任何限制，只要能夠實現對第一電荷記憶元件C1的能量進行轉移即可，本領域技術人員可以根據實際操作的需要對其電路中的元件進行增加、替換或刪減。
第4圖為本發明提供的第二DC-DC模組3的一種實施方式，如第4圖所示，第二DC-DC模組3包括：雙向開關S1、雙向開關S2、雙向開關S3、雙向開關S4、第三變壓器T3、電流記憶元件L4、以及四個單向半導體元件。在該實施方式中，雙向開關S1、雙向開關S2、雙向開關S3、雙向開關S4為MOSFET。
其中，第三變壓器T3的1腳和3腳為同名端，四個單向半導體元件中的兩個單向半導體元件負極相接成組，接點通過電流記憶元件L4與電池E的正端連接，另兩個單向半導體元件正極相接成組，接點與電池E的負端連接，且組與組之間的對接點分別與第三變壓器T3的3腳和4腳連接，由此構成橋式整流電路。
其中，雙向開關S1的源極與雙向開關S3的漏極連接，雙向開關S2的源極與雙向開關S4的漏極連接，雙向開關S1、雙向開關S2的漏極與第一電荷記憶元件C1的正端連接，雙向開關S3、雙向開關S4的源極與第一電荷記憶元件C1的負端連接，由此構成全橋電路。
在該全橋電路中，雙向開關S1、雙向開關S2為上橋臂，雙向開關S3、雙向開關S4為下橋臂，第三變壓器T3的1腳與雙向開關S1和雙向開關S3之間的節點連接、2腳與雙向開關S2和雙向開關S4之間的節點連接。
其中，雙向開關S1、雙向開關S2、雙向開關S3和雙向開關S4分別通過開關控制模組100的控制來實現導通和關斷。
下面對第二DC-DC模組3的工作過程進行描述：
1、在開關裝置1關斷後，開關控制模組100控制雙向開關S1和雙向開關S4同時導通以構成A相，控制雙向開關S2、雙向開關S3同時導通以構成B相，通過控制A相、B相交替導通以構成全橋電路進行工作；
2、當全橋電路工作時，第一電荷記憶元件C1上的能量通過第三變壓器T3和整流電路轉移到電池E上，整流電路將輸入的交流電轉化為直流電輸出至電池E，達到電量回灌的目的。
為了避免第一電荷記憶元件C1給處於低溫情況下的電池E充電，保證電池E的充放電性能，作為本發明提供的加熱電路的一種優選實施方式，開關控制模組100用於控制開關裝置1導通和關斷，以控制能量僅從電池E流向儲能電路，由此，可以避免第一電荷記憶元件C1對電池E進行充電。
對於能量僅從電池E流向儲能電路的實施方式，開關控制模組100用於在開關裝置1導通後流經開關裝置1的電流為零時或為零前控制開關裝置1關斷，只要保證電流僅從電池E流向第一電荷記憶元件C1即可。
為了控制能量僅從電池E流向第一電荷記憶元件C1，根據本發明的一種實施方式，如第5圖所示，開關裝置1包括第一開關K1和第一單向半導體元件D1，第一開關K1和第一單向半導體元件D1彼此串聯之後串聯在儲能電路中，開關控制模組100與第一開關K1連接，用於通過控制第一開關K1的導通和關斷來控制開關裝置1導通和關斷。通過串聯第一單向半導體元件D1，在第一開關K1失效的情況下，可以阻止第一電荷記憶元件C1中的能量回流，避免對電池E充電。
由於第一開關K1關斷時導致的電流下降速率較高會在電流記憶元件L1上感應出較高的過電壓，容易導致第一開關K1關斷時由於其電流、電壓超出安全工作區而損壞，因此，優選情況下，開關控制模組100用於在流經開關裝置1的電流為零時控制第一開關K1關斷。
為了提高加熱效率，優選情況下，根據本發明的另一種實施方式，如第6圖所示，開關控制模組100用於在開關裝置1導通後流經開關裝置1的電流為零前控制開關裝置1關斷，開關裝置1包括第二單向半導體元件D9、第三單向半導體元件D10、第二開關K2、第二阻尼元件R4以及第二電荷記憶元件C3，第二單向半導體元件D9與第二開關K2順次串聯在儲能電路中，第二阻尼元件R4與第二電荷記憶元件C3串聯之後並聯在第二開關K2的兩端，第三單向半導體元件D10並聯在第二阻尼元件R4的兩端，用於在第二開關K2關斷時對電流記憶元件L1進行續流，開關控制模組100與第二開關K2連接，用於通過控制第二開關K2的導通和關斷來控制開關裝置1導通和關斷。
第三單向半導體元件D10、第二阻尼元件R4以及第二電荷記憶元件C3組成了吸收回路，用於在第二開關K2關斷時降低儲能電路中電流的下降速率。由此，當第二開關K2關斷時，電流記憶元件L1上產生的感應電壓會迫使第三單向半導體元件D10導通並通過第二電荷記憶元件C3實現續流，使得電流記憶元件L1中電流變化速率降低，限制了電流記憶元件L1兩端的感應電壓，可以保證第二開關K2兩端的電壓在安全工作區內。當第二開關K2再次閉合時，存儲在第二電荷記憶元件C3上的能量可以通過第二阻尼元件R4進行消耗。
另外，為了提高加熱電路的工作效率，可以控制能量在電池E與儲能電路之間往復流動，利用電流正向和反向流經第一阻尼元件R1來實現加熱。
因此，作為本發明提供的加熱電路的一種優選實施方式，開關控制模組100用於控制開關裝置1導通和關斷，以使得當開關裝置1導通時，能量在電池E與儲能電路之間往復流動。
為了實現能量在電池E與儲能電路之間的往復流動，根據本發明的一種實施方式，開關裝置1為第一雙向開關K3，如第7圖所示。由開關控制模組100控制第一雙向開關K3的導通與關斷，當需要對電池E加熱時，導通第一雙向開關K3即可，如暫停加熱或者不需要加熱時關斷第一雙向開關K3即可。
單獨使用一個第一雙向開關K3實現開關裝置1，電路簡單，佔用系統面積小，容易實現，但是為了實現對反向電流的關斷，本發明還提供了如下開關裝置1的優選實施方式。
優選地，開關裝置1包括用於實現能量從電池E流向儲能電路的第一單向支路和用於實現能量從儲能電路流向電池E的第二單向支路，開關控制模組100與第一單向支路和第二單向支路中的一者或兩者分別連接，用以控制所連接的支路的導通和關斷。
當電池需要加熱時，導通第一單向支路和第二單向支路兩者，如暫停加熱可以選擇關斷第一單向支路和第二單向支路中的一者或兩者，當不需要加熱時，可以關斷第一單向支路和第二單向支路兩者。優選地，第一單向支路和第二單向支路兩者都能夠受開關控制模組100的控制，這樣，可以靈活實現能量正向流動和反向流動。
作為開關裝置1的另一種實施方式，如第8圖所示，開關裝置1可以包括第二雙向開關K4和第三雙向開關K5，第二雙向開關K4和第三雙向開關K5彼此反向串聯以構成第一單向支路和第二單向支路，開關控制模組100與第二雙向開關K4和第三雙向開關K5分別連接，用於通過控制第二雙向開關K4和第三雙向開關K5的導通和關斷來控制第一單向支路和第二單向支路的導通和關斷。
當需要對電池E加熱時，導通第二雙向開關K4和第三雙向開關K5即可，如暫停加熱可以選擇關斷第二雙向開關K4和第三雙向開關K5中的一者或者兩者，在不需要加熱時關斷第二雙向開關K4和第三雙向開關K5即可。這種開關裝置1的實現方式能夠分別控制第一單向支路和第二單向支路的導通和關斷，靈活實現電路的正向和反向能量流動。
作為開關裝置1的另一種實施方式，如第9圖所示，開關裝置1可以包括第三開關K6、第四單向半導體元件D11以及第五單向半導體元件D12，第三開關K6和第四單向半導體元件D11彼此串聯以構成第一單向支路，第五單向半導體元件D12構成第二單向支路，開關控制模組100與第三開關K6連接，用於通過控制第三開關K6的導通和關斷來控制第一單向支路的導通和關斷。在如第9圖所示的開關裝置1中，當需要加熱時，導通第三開關K6即可，不需要加熱時，關斷第三開關K6即可。
如第9圖中所示的開關裝置1的實現方式雖然實現了能量往返沿著相對獨立的支路流動，但是還不能實現能量反向流動時的關斷功能。本發明還提出了開關裝置1的另一種實施方式，如第10圖所示，開關裝置1還可以包括位於第二單向支路中的第四開關K7，該第四開關K7與第五單向半導體元件D12串聯，開關控制模組100還與第四開關K7連接，用於通過控制第四開關K7的導通和關斷來控制第二單向支路的導通和關斷。這樣在第10圖示出的開關裝置1中，由於兩個單向支路上均存在開關（即第三開關K6和第四開關K7），同時具備能量正向和反向流動時的關斷功能。
優選地，開關裝置1還可以包括與第一單向支路和/或第二單向支路串聯的電阻，用於減小電池E加熱回路的電流，避免回路中電流過大對電池E造成損害。例如，可以在第8圖中示出的開關裝置1中添加與第二雙向開關K4和第三雙向開關K5串聯的電阻R6，得到開關裝置1的另一種實現方式，如第11圖所示。第12圖中也示出了開關裝置1的一種實施方式，其是在第10圖中示出的開關裝置1中的兩個單向支路上分別串聯電阻R2、電阻R3得到的。
對於能量在電池E與儲能電路之間往復流動的實施方式，開關裝置1可以在一個週期或多個週期內的任意時間點關斷，開關裝置1的關斷時刻可以是任何時刻，例如流經開關裝置1的電流為正向/反向時、為零時/不為零時均可以實施關斷。根據所需要的關斷策略可以選擇開關裝置1的不同的實現形式，如果只需要實現正向電流流動時關斷，則選用例如第7圖、第9圖所示的開關裝置1的實現形式即可，如果需要實現正向電流和反向電流時均可以關斷，則需要選用如第8圖、第10圖所示的兩個單向支路均可控的開關裝置。
優選地，開關控制模組100用於在開關裝置1導通後流經開關裝置1的電流為零時或為零後控制開關裝置1關斷。更加優選地，開關控制模組100用於在開關裝置1導通後流經開關裝置1的電流為零時控制開關裝置1關斷，採用零時關斷對整個電路影響較小。
作為本發明的一種實施方式，可以通過將第一電荷記憶元件C1中的直接能量轉移到電池E中來提高加熱電路的工作效率，也可以將第一電荷記憶元件C1中的一部分能量消耗掉之後，再將第一電荷記憶元件C1中的剩餘能量進行轉移，或者可以將第一電荷記憶元件C1中的一部分能量轉移之後，再對第一電荷記憶元件C1中的剩餘能量進行消耗。
因此，如第13圖所示，加熱電路還包括與第一電荷記憶元件C1連接的能量消耗單元，該能量消耗單元用於在開關裝置1導通再關斷後、能量轉移單元進行能量轉移之前，對第一電荷記憶元件C1中的能量進行消耗，或者在能量轉移單元進行能量轉移之後，對第一電荷記憶元件C1中的能量進行消耗。該能量消耗單元可以與以上包括能量僅從電池E流向儲能電路和能量在電池E與儲能電路之間往復流動的多種實施方式相結合。第13圖中能量轉移單元與電池E相連，以用於將能量轉移回電池E中，但根據之前描述可知，能量轉移單元也可以將能量存儲到其他儲能元件中。
根據本發明的一種實施方式，如第14圖所示，能量消耗單元包括電壓控制單元101，該電壓控制單元101與第一電荷記憶元件C1連接，用於在開關裝置1導通再關斷後、能量轉移單元進行能量轉移之前，將第一電荷記憶元件C1兩端的電壓值轉換成電壓設定值，或者在能量轉移單元進行能量轉移之後，對第一電荷記憶元件C1中的能量進行消耗。能量消耗和能量轉移的順序可以根據實際操作的需要進行設定，本發明不對其進行限定。電壓設定值也可以根據實際操作的需要進行設定。
根據一種實施方式，如第14圖所示，電壓控制單元101包括第三阻尼元件R5和第五開關K8，第三阻尼元件R5和第五開關K8彼此串聯之後並聯在第一電荷記憶元件C1的兩端，開關控制模組100還與第五開關K8連接，開關控制模組100還用於在控制開關裝置1導通再關斷後控制第五開關K8導通。由此，第一電荷記憶元件C1中的能量可以通過第三阻尼元件R5進行消耗。
開關控制模組100可以為一個單獨的控制器，通過對其內部程式的設置，可以實現對不同的外接開關的通斷控制，開關控制模組100也可以為多個控制器，例如針對每一個外接開關設置對應的開關控制模組100，多個開關控制模組100也可以集成為一體，本發明不對開關控制模組100的實現形式作出任何限定。
下面結合第15圖-第18圖對電池E的加熱電路的實施方式的工作方式進行簡單介紹。需要注意的是，雖然本發明的特徵和元素參考第15圖-第18圖以特定的結合進行了描述，但每個特徵或元素可以在沒有其他特徵和元素的情況下單獨使用，或在與或不與其他特徵和元素結合的各種情況下使用。本發明提供的電池E的加熱電路的實施方式並不限於第15圖-第18圖所示的實現方式。另外，所示的波形圖中的網格部分表示在該段時間內可以多次對開關施加驅動脈衝，並且脈衝的寬度可以根據需要進行調節。
在如第15圖所示的電池E的加熱電路中，使用第一開關K1和第一單向半導體元件D1構成開關裝置1，儲能電路包括電流記憶元件L1和第一電荷記憶元件C1，第一阻尼元件R1和開關裝置1與儲能電路串聯，第二DC-DC模組3構成能量轉移單元中的電量回灌單元103，開關控制模組100可以控制第一開關K1的導通和關斷以及第二DC-DC模組3的工作與否。第16圖為與第15圖的加熱電路對應的波形時序圖，其中，V_C1 指的是第一電荷記憶元件C1的電壓值，I_主指的是流經第一開關K1的電流的電流值。該加熱電路的工作過程如下：
a）當需要對電池E進行加熱時，開關控制模組100控制第一開關K1導通，電池E通過第一開關K1、第一單向半導體元件D1和第一電荷記憶元件C1組成的回路放電，如第16圖中所示的t1時間段；開關控制模組100在流經第一開關K1的電流為零時控制第一開關K1關斷，如第16圖中所示的t2時間段；
b）當第一開關K1關斷後，開關控制模組100控制第二DC-DC模組3工作，第一電荷記憶元件C1通過第二DC-DC模組3將交流電轉化為直流電輸出到電池E中，實現電量回灌，之後開關控制模組100控制第二DC-DC模組3停止工作，如第16圖中所示的t2時間段；
c）重複步驟a）和b），電池E不斷通過放電實現加熱，直至電池E達到停止加熱條件為止。
在如第17圖所示的電池E的加熱電路中，使用相互串聯的第三開關K6、第四單向半導體元件D11（第一單向支路）以及相互串聯的第四開關K7、第五單向半導體元件D12（第二單向支路）構成開關裝置1，儲能電路包括電流記憶元件L1和第一電荷記憶元件C1，第一阻尼元件R1和開關裝置1與儲能電路串聯，第二DC-DC模組3構成將第一電荷記憶元件C1中的能量轉移回電池E的電量回灌單元103，開關控制模組100可以控制第三開關K6、第四開關K7的導通和關斷以及第二DC-DC模組3的工作與否。第18圖為與第17圖的加熱電路對應的波形時序圖，其中V_C1 指的是第一電荷記憶元件C1的電壓值，I_主指的是流經第一開關K1的電流的電流值。第17圖所示的加熱電路的工作過程如下：
a）開關控制模組100控制第三開關K6、第四開關K7導通，儲能電路開始工作，如第18圖所示的t1時間段，電池E通過第三開關K6、第四單向半導體元件D11、第一電荷記憶元件C1進行正向放電（如第18圖中的t1時間段即流經第一開關K1的電流的正半週期所示），並且通過第一電荷記憶元件C1、第四開關K7、第五單向半導體元件D12反向充電（如第18圖中的t2時間段即流經第一開關K1的電流的負半週期所示）；
b）開關控制模組100控制第三開關K6、第四開關K7在反向電流為零時關斷；
c）開關控制模組100控制第二DC-DC模組3工作，第一電荷記憶元件C1通過第二DC-DC模組3將交流電轉化為直流電輸出到電池E中，實現電量回灌，之後控制第二DC-DC模組3停止工作，如第18圖中所示的t3時間段；
d）重複步驟a）至c），電池E不斷通過放電實現加熱，直至電池E達到停止加熱條件為止。
本發明提供的加熱電路能夠提高電池的充放電性能，並且在該加熱電路中，儲能電路與電池串聯，當給電池加熱時，由於串聯的電荷記憶元件的存在，能夠避免開關裝置失效短路引起的安全性問題，能夠有效地保護電池。同時，本發明的加熱電路中還提供了能量轉移單元，當開關裝置關斷後，該能量轉移單元能夠將儲能電路中的能量轉移至其他儲能元件或者提供給其他設備，因此還起到了能量回收利用的作用。
以上結合附圖詳細描述了本發明的優選實施方式，但是，本發明並不限於上述實施方式中的具體細節，在本發明的技術構思範圍內，可以對本發明的技術方案進行多種簡單變型，這些簡單變型均屬於本發明的保護範圍。
另外需要說明的是，在上述具體實施方式中所描述的各個具體技術特徵，在不矛盾的情況下，可以通過任何合適的方式進行組合，為了避免不必要的重複，本發明對各種可能的組合方式不再另行說明。此外，本發明的各種不同的實施方式之間也可以進行任意組合，只要其不違背本發明的思想，其同樣應當視為本發明所公開的內容。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not restrictive.
It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the term "switch control module" is used to control the output of a corresponding control command (for example, a pulse waveform having a corresponding duty ratio) according to a set condition or a set time. A controller that is turned on or off correspondingly to a switching device connected thereto, for example, may be a PLC (Programmable Controller) or the like; when referred to hereinafter, the term "switch" refers to an on-off control that can be realized by an electrical signal or according to a The switch of the device itself can realize the on-off control, which can be a one-way switch, such as a one-way switch composed of a bidirectional switch and a diode in series, or a bidirectional switch, such as a metal oxide semiconductor field. Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) or IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) with reversed-current diodes; etc.; when referred to below, the term "bidirectional switch" Refers to the ability to achieve on-off control through electrical signals or according to the characteristics of the components themselves A switchable bidirectional conduction switch, such as a MOSFET or an IGBT with an anti-freewheeling diode; when referred to hereinafter, a unidirectional semiconductor component refers to a semiconductor component having a unidirectional conduction function, such as two Polar body, etc.; as referred to hereinafter, the term "charge memory element" refers to any device that can implement charge storage, such as a capacitor, etc.; as referred to hereinafter, the term "current memory element" refers to any device that can store current, such as Inductance or the like; when referred to hereinafter, the term "forward" refers to the direction in which energy flows from the battery to the tank circuit, and the term "reverse" refers to the direction in which energy flows from the tank circuit to the battery; as referred to hereinafter, the term "battery""includes primary batteries (eg dry batteries, alkaline batteries, etc.) and secondary batteries (eg lithium-ion batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries or lead-acid batteries, etc.); as mentioned below, the term "damping element" refers to any passage. A device that hinders the flow of current to achieve energy consumption, such as a resistor or the like; when referred to hereinafter, the term " Loop "refers to a damping element and a battery, the switching device and an energy storage circuit in series circuit.
It should also be noted here that, in consideration of the different characteristics of different types of batteries, in the present invention, "battery" may refer to an inductance value that does not include internal parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance, or internal parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance. A smaller ideal battery can also be a battery pack that contains internal parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance. Therefore, those skilled in the art should understand that when the "battery" is an ideal battery that does not contain internal parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance, or the resistance value of the internal parasitic resistance and the inductance value of the parasitic inductance is small, the first damping element R1 Refers to the external damper element of the battery, the current memory element L1 refers to the current storage element external to the battery; when the "battery" is a battery pack containing internal parasitic resistance and parasitic inductance, the first damper element R1 can refer to the battery The external damping element may also refer to the parasitic resistance inside the battery pack. Similarly, the current memory element L1 may refer to either a current memory element outside the battery or a parasitic inductance inside the battery pack.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to ensure the service life of the battery, the battery needs to be heated at a low temperature. When the heating condition is reached, the heating circuit is controlled to start working, and the battery is heated, and when the heating condition is stopped, the control is performed. The heating circuit stops working.
In the practical application of the battery, as the environment changes, the heating condition of the battery and the stop heating condition can be set according to the actual environmental conditions, so as to more accurately control the temperature of the battery, thereby ensuring the charge and discharge performance of the battery.
In order to heat the battery E in a low temperature environment, the present invention provides a heating circuit for the battery E. As shown in FIG. 1, the heating circuit includes a switching device 1, a switch control module 100, and a first damping element R1. The energy storage circuit and the energy transfer unit are connected to the battery E. In an embodiment of the invention, the energy storage circuit includes a current memory element L1 and a first charge memory element C1. The first damping element R1 and the switching device 1 are connected in series with the energy storage circuit. The switch control module 100 Connected to the switching device 1 for controlling the switching device 1 to be turned on and off to control the flow of energy between the battery and the energy storage circuit, and the energy transfer unit is connected to the energy storage circuit for turning on and off at the switching device 1 Thereafter, the energy in the tank circuit is transferred to the energy storage element.
According to the technical solution of the present invention, when the heating condition is reached, the switch control module 100 controls the switching device 1 to be turned on, the battery E and the energy storage circuit are connected in series to form a loop, and the battery E can be discharged through the loop, that is, the first charge storage element C1 is performed. Charging, when the current in the loop passes through the current peak and the positive direction is zero, the first charge memory element C1 starts to discharge through the loop, that is, the battery E is charged; during the charging and discharging of the battery E, the current in the loop is positive The reverse direction can flow through the first damper element R1, and the heat of the first damper element R1 can be used to heat the battery E. By controlling the on and off times of the switch device 1, the battery E can be controlled only by discharging. Heating, or heating by both discharging and charging. When the stop heating condition is reached, the switch control module 100 can control the switch device 1 to be turned off, and the heating circuit stops working.
The energy transfer unit is connected to the energy storage circuit for transferring the energy in the energy storage circuit to the energy storage element after the switching device 1 is turned on and off, in order to recycle the energy in the storage circuit. The energy storage component can be an external capacitor, a low temperature battery or a power grid, and other powered devices.
Preferably, the energy storage component is the battery E provided by the present invention, and the energy transfer unit includes a power recharging unit 103, and the power recharging unit 103 is connected to the energy storage circuit for after the switching device 1 is turned on and off again. The energy in the tank circuit is transferred to battery E as shown in Figure 2.
According to the technical solution of the present invention, after the switching device 1 is turned off, the energy in the energy storage circuit is transferred to the battery E through the energy transfer unit, and the transferred energy can be recycled after the switching device 1 is turned on again. Improve the working efficiency of the heating circuit.
As an embodiment of the power refill unit 103, as shown in FIG. 3, the power refill unit 103 includes a second DC-DC module 3, and the second DC-DC module 3 and the first charge storage element C1 and The battery E is separately connected, and the switch control module 100 is further connected to the second DC-DC module 3 for transferring the energy in the first charge storage element C1 to the battery E by controlling the operation of the second DC-DC module 3. in.
The second DC-DC module 3 is a DC-DC converter circuit commonly used in the art for implementing energy transfer. The present invention does not impose any limitation on the specific circuit structure of the second DC-DC module 3, as long as the The energy of a charge storage element C1 can be transferred, and those skilled in the art can add, replace or delete the components in the circuit according to the actual operation.
FIG. 4 is an embodiment of the second DC-DC module 3 provided by the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the second DC-DC module 3 includes: a bidirectional switch S1, a bidirectional switch S2, and a bidirectional switch S3. A bidirectional switch S4, a third transformer T3, a current memory element L4, and four unidirectional semiconductor elements. In this embodiment, the bidirectional switch S1, the bidirectional switch S2, the bidirectional switch S3, and the bidirectional switch S4 are MOSFETs.
Wherein, the first and third legs of the third transformer T3 are the same name end, and the two unidirectional semiconductor elements of the four unidirectional semiconductor elements are connected in groups, and the contacts are connected to the positive terminal of the battery E through the current memory element L4. The other two unidirectional semiconductor components are connected in a positive group, the contacts are connected to the negative terminal of the battery E, and the mating points between the groups are connected to the 3rd and 4th pins of the third transformer T3, respectively. Bridge rectifier circuit.
The source of the bidirectional switch S1 is connected to the drain of the bidirectional switch S3, the source of the bidirectional switch S2 is connected to the drain of the bidirectional switch S4, the drain of the bidirectional switch S1, the bidirectional switch S2 and the first charge storage element C1. The positive terminal is connected, and the source of the bidirectional switch S3 and the bidirectional switch S4 is connected to the negative terminal of the first charge storage element C1, thereby constituting a full bridge circuit.
In the full bridge circuit, the bidirectional switch S1, the bidirectional switch S2 is the upper arm, the bidirectional switch S3, the bidirectional switch S4 is the lower arm, the node of the third transformer T3 and the node between the bidirectional switch S1 and the bidirectional switch S3 Connection, 2 pin and node connection between bidirectional switch S2 and bidirectional switch S4.
The bidirectional switch S1, the bidirectional switch S2, the bidirectional switch S3, and the bidirectional switch S4 are respectively turned on and off by the control of the switch control module 100.
The following describes the working process of the second DC-DC module 3:
1. After the switching device 1 is turned off, the switch control module 100 controls the bidirectional switch S1 and the bidirectional switch S4 to be simultaneously turned on to form the A phase, the control bidirectional switch S2, and the bidirectional switch S3 are simultaneously turned on to form the B phase, by controlling the A phase, Phase B alternately conducts to form a full bridge circuit for operation;
2. When the full bridge circuit is working, the energy on the first charge memory element C1 is transferred to the battery E through the third transformer T3 and the rectifier circuit, and the rectifier circuit converts the input alternating current into a direct current output to the battery E to reach the power recharge. the goal of.
In order to prevent the first charge storage element C1 from charging the battery E in a low temperature condition and ensuring the charge and discharge performance of the battery E, as a preferred embodiment of the heating circuit provided by the present invention, the switch control module 100 is used to control the switch device 1 Turning on and off to control energy flow only from the battery E to the tank circuit, whereby the first charge memory element C1 can be prevented from charging the battery E.
For the embodiment in which the energy flows only from the battery E to the energy storage circuit, the switch control module 100 is used to control the switching device 1 to be turned off when the current flowing through the switching device 1 after the switching device 1 is turned on is zero or zero, as long as the power is turned off. The current flows only from the battery E to the first charge storage element C1.
In order to control energy flow only from the battery E to the first charge memory element C1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, the switching device 1 includes a first switch K1 and a first unidirectional semiconductor element D1, the first switch K1 and the first unidirectional semiconductor component D1 are connected in series with each other in a tank circuit, and the switch control module 100 is connected to the first switch K1 for controlling the conduction of the switching device 1 by controlling the turning on and off of the first switch K1. And shutting down. By connecting the first unidirectional semiconductor element D1 in series, in the event that the first switch K1 fails, the energy in the first charge memory element C1 can be prevented from flowing back, avoiding charging of the battery E.
Due to the high current drop rate caused by the first switch K1 being turned off, a higher overvoltage is induced on the current memory element L1, which easily causes the first switch K1 to be damaged due to its current and voltage exceeding the safe working area when the first switch K1 is turned off. Therefore, preferably, the switch control module 100 is configured to control the first switch K1 to be turned off when the current flowing through the switching device 1 is zero.
In order to improve the heating efficiency, preferably, according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, the switch control module 100 is used to control the switch before the current flowing through the switch device 1 is turned on after the switch device 1 is turned on. The device 1 is turned off, and the switching device 1 includes a second unidirectional semiconductor component D9, a third unidirectional semiconductor component D10, a second switch K2, a second damper component R4, and a second charge memory component C3, and a second unidirectional semiconductor component D9. Parallelly connected in series with the second switch K2 in the tank circuit, the second damping element R4 is connected in series with the second charge memory element C3 and then connected in parallel across the second switch K2, and the third unidirectional semiconductor element D10 is connected in parallel to the second damping element. The two ends of the R4 are used for freewheeling the current memory element L1 when the second switch K2 is turned off, and the switch control module 100 is connected to the second switch K2 for controlling the turning on and off of the second switch K2. The switching device 1 is controlled to be turned on and off.
The third unidirectional semiconductor element D10, the second damper element R4, and the second charge memory element C3 constitute an absorption loop for reducing the rate of current drop in the tank circuit when the second switch K2 is turned off. Thus, when the second switch K2 is turned off, the induced voltage generated on the current memory element L1 forces the third unidirectional semiconductor element D10 to be turned on and the freewheeling is performed by the second charge memory element C3, so that the current in the current memory element L1 The rate of change is reduced, limiting the induced voltage across the current memory element L1, which ensures that the voltage across the second switch K2 is within the safe operating area. When the second switch K2 is closed again, the energy stored on the second charge storage element C3 can be consumed by the second damping element R4.
In addition, in order to improve the working efficiency of the heating circuit, energy can be controlled to reciprocate between the battery E and the energy storage circuit, and the current is forwardly and reversely flowed through the first damping element R1 to achieve heating.
Therefore, as a preferred embodiment of the heating circuit provided by the present invention, the switch control module 100 is used to control the switching device 1 to be turned on and off, so that when the switching device 1 is turned on, energy is between the battery E and the storage circuit. Reciprocating flow.
In order to achieve a reciprocating flow of energy between the battery E and the energy storage circuit, according to an embodiment of the invention, the switching device 1 is a first bidirectional switch K3, as shown in FIG. The first and second bidirectional switches K3 are controlled to be turned on and off by the switch control module 100. When the battery E needs to be heated, the first bidirectional switch K3 can be turned on, for example, when the heating is suspended or the heating is not required, the first bidirectional switch K3 is turned off. Just fine.
The switching device 1 is realized by using a first bidirectional switch K3 alone. The circuit is simple, occupying a small system area and being easy to implement. However, in order to achieve the shutdown of the reverse current, the present invention also provides a preferred embodiment of the switching device 1 as follows.
Preferably, the switching device 1 comprises a first one-way branch for realizing energy flow from the battery E to the energy storage circuit and a second one-way branch for realizing energy flow from the energy storage circuit to the battery E, the switch control module 100 One or both of the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch are respectively connected to control the turning on and off of the connected branch.
When the battery needs to be heated, turning on both the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch, such as suspending heating, may choose to turn off one or both of the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch When the heating is not required, both the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch can be turned off. Preferably, both the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch can be controlled by the switch control module 100, so that energy forward flow and reverse flow can be flexibly realized.
As another embodiment of the switching device 1, as shown in FIG. 8, the switching device 1 may include a second bidirectional switch K4 and a third bidirectional switch K5, and the second bidirectional switch K4 and the third bidirectional switch K5 are connected in reverse series with each other. Forming a first one-way branch and a second one-way branch, the switch control module 100 is respectively connected to the second bidirectional switch K4 and the third bidirectional switch K5 for controlling the second bidirectional switch K4 and the third bidirectional switch K5 Turning on and off to control the turn-on and turn-off of the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch.
When the battery E needs to be heated, the second bidirectional switch K4 and the third bidirectional switch K5 may be turned on, and if the heating is suspended, one or both of the second bidirectional switch K4 and the third bidirectional switch K5 may be selectively turned off. The second bidirectional switch K4 and the third bidirectional switch K5 can be turned off when heating is not required. The implementation of the switching device 1 can control the conduction and the off of the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch, respectively, and flexibly realize the forward and reverse energy flow of the circuit.
As another embodiment of the switching device 1, as shown in FIG. 9, the switching device 1 may include a third switch K6, a fourth unidirectional semiconductor element D11, and a fifth unidirectional semiconductor element D12, a third switch K6 and a fourth The unidirectional semiconductor elements D11 are connected in series to each other to form a first one-way branch, the fifth unidirectional semiconductor element D12 constitutes a second one-way branch, and the switch control module 100 is connected to the third switch K6 for controlling the third switch The turn-on and turn-off of K6 controls the turn-on and turn-off of the first one-way branch. In the switching device 1 shown in Fig. 9, when the heating is required, the third switch K6 can be turned on, and when the heating is not required, the third switch K6 can be turned off.
The implementation of the switching device 1 as shown in Fig. 9 allows the energy to flow back and forth along relatively independent branches, but the shut-off function in the reverse flow of energy is not yet achieved. The present invention also proposes another embodiment of the switching device 1. As shown in FIG. 10, the switching device 1 may further include a fourth switch K7 located in the second one-way branch, the fourth switch K7 and the fifth single The semiconductor device D12 is connected in series, and the switch control module 100 is further connected to the fourth switch K7 for controlling the on and off of the second one-way branch by controlling the on and off of the fourth switch K7. Thus, in the switching device 1 shown in Fig. 10, since the switches are present on both of the one-way branches (i.e., the third switch K6 and the fourth switch K7), the shutdown function of the forward and reverse flow of energy is provided. .
Preferably, the switching device 1 may further comprise a resistor in series with the first one-way branch and/or the second one-way branch for reducing the current of the battery E heating circuit to prevent damage to the battery E caused by excessive current in the circuit. . For example, a resistor R6 connected in series with the second bidirectional switch K4 and the third bidirectional switch K5 may be added to the switching device 1 shown in FIG. 8 to obtain another implementation of the switching device 1, as shown in FIG. Also shown in Fig. 12 is an embodiment of the switching device 1, which is obtained by series-connecting a resistor R2 and a resistor R3 on two unidirectional branches in the switching device 1 shown in Fig. 10.
For the embodiment in which the energy flows back and forth between the battery E and the energy storage circuit, the switching device 1 can be turned off at any time point in one cycle or a plurality of cycles, and the turning-off time of the switching device 1 can be any time, such as a flow. The shutdown can be performed when the current of the switching device 1 is forward/reverse, and when the current is zero/non-zero. Different implementations of the switching device 1 can be selected according to the required shutdown strategy. If only the forward current flow is required to be turned off, then the implementation of the switching device 1 shown in FIGS. 7 and 9 is selected. However, if both forward current and reverse current need to be turned off, it is necessary to select two unidirectional branches as shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 10 to control the switching device.
Preferably, the switch control module 100 is configured to control the switch device 1 to be turned off when the current flowing through the switch device 1 after the switch device 1 is turned on is zero or zero. More preferably, the switch control module 100 is used to control the switch device 1 to be turned off when the current flowing through the switch device 1 is zero after the switch device 1 is turned on, and the zero-time turn-off has less influence on the entire circuit.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the working efficiency of the heating circuit can be improved by transferring the direct energy in the first charge storage element C1 into the battery E, and a part of the energy in the first charge storage element C1 can also be consumed. Then, the remaining energy in the first charge storage element C1 is transferred, or a part of the energy in the first charge storage element C1 can be transferred, and then the remaining energy in the first charge storage element C1 is consumed.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13, the heating circuit further includes an energy consuming unit connected to the first charge storage element C1, and the energy consuming unit is used before the energy transfer unit performs energy transfer after the switching device 1 is turned on and off again. The energy in the first charge storage element C1 is consumed, or after the energy transfer unit performs energy transfer, the energy in the first charge storage element C1 is consumed. The energy consuming unit can be combined with various embodiments including energy flow from battery E to the energy storage circuit and energy reciprocating between battery E and the energy storage circuit. The energy transfer unit in Fig. 13 is connected to the battery E for transferring energy back into the battery E, but as can be seen from the foregoing description, the energy transfer unit can also store energy into other energy storage elements.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 14, the energy consuming unit includes a voltage control unit 101 connected to the first charge storage element C1 for after the switching device 1 is turned on and off again, Before the energy transfer unit performs energy transfer, the voltage value across the first charge memory element C1 is converted into a voltage set value, or after the energy transfer unit performs energy transfer, the energy in the first charge memory element C1 is consumed. The order of energy consumption and energy transfer can be set according to the needs of actual operation, which is not limited by the present invention. The voltage setting value can also be set according to the actual operation.
According to an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, the voltage control unit 101 includes a third damper element R5 and a fifth switch K8, and the third damper element R5 and the fifth switch K8 are connected in series to each other and then connected in parallel to the first charge memory element C1. At both ends, the switch control module 100 is also connected to the fifth switch K8. The switch control module 100 is further configured to control the fifth switch K8 to be turned on after the control switch device 1 is turned on and off. Thereby, the energy in the first charge memory element C1 can be consumed by the third damping element R5.
The switch control module 100 can be a single controller. By setting the internal program, the on/off control of different external switches can be realized. The switch control module 100 can also be multiple controllers, for example, for each The external switch is provided with the corresponding switch control module 100, and the plurality of switch control modules 100 can also be integrated into one body. The present invention does not limit the implementation form of the switch control module 100.
The operation of the embodiment of the heating circuit of the battery E will be briefly described below with reference to Figs. 15 to 18. It should be noted that although the features and elements of the present invention have been described with reference to the specific combinations of FIGS. 15 and 18, each feature or element may be used alone or without other features and elements. Or not in combination with other features and elements in various situations. The embodiment of the heating circuit of the battery E provided by the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in Figs. 15 to 18. Additionally, the portion of the grid in the illustrated waveform diagram indicates that a drive pulse can be applied to the switch multiple times during that time, and the width of the pulse can be adjusted as needed.
In the heating circuit of the battery E as shown in Fig. 15, the switching device 1 is constituted by using the first switch K1 and the first unidirectional semiconductor element D1, and the energy storage circuit includes the current memory element L1 and the first charge memory element C1, A damping element R1 and the switching device 1 are connected in series with the energy storage circuit, and the second DC-DC module 3 constitutes a power recharging unit 103 in the energy transfer unit, and the switching control module 100 can control the turning on and off of the first switch K1. And the operation of the second DC-DC module 3 or not. Fig. 16 is a waveform timing chart corresponding to the heating circuit of Fig. 15, wherein V _C1 refers to the voltage value of the first charge storage element C1, and I _main refers to the current value of the current flowing through the first switch K1. . The working process of the heating circuit is as follows:
a) when it is required to heat the battery E, the switch control module 100 controls the first switch K1 to be turned on, and the battery E is discharged through a circuit composed of the first switch K1, the first unidirectional semiconductor element D1 and the first charge memory element C1, The t1 time period as shown in FIG. 16; the switch control module 100 controls the first switch K1 to be turned off when the current flowing through the first switch K1 is zero, as shown in the t2 time period shown in FIG. 16;
b) After the first switch K1 is turned off, the switch control module 100 controls the operation of the second DC-DC module 3, and the first charge memory element C1 converts the alternating current into a direct current output to the battery through the second DC-DC module 3. In E, the power refill is implemented, and then the switch control module 100 controls the second DC-DC module 3 to stop working, such as the t2 time period shown in FIG. 16;
c) Repeat steps a) and b), and battery E is continuously heated by discharge until battery E reaches the stop heating condition.
In the heating circuit of the battery E as shown in Fig. 17, a third switch K6, a fourth unidirectional semiconductor element D11 (first one-way branch) and a fourth switch K7, fifth connected in series with each other are used in series. The unidirectional semiconductor component D12 (the second one-way branch) constitutes the switching device 1. The energy storage circuit includes a current memory component L1 and a first charge memory component C1. The first damping component R1 and the switching device 1 are connected in series with the energy storage circuit. The two DC-DC modules 3 constitute a power recharging unit 103 for transferring the energy in the first charge storage element C1 back to the battery E. The switch control module 100 can control the turning on and off of the third switch K6 and the fourth switch K7. And the operation of the second DC-DC module 3 or not. Fig. 18 is a waveform timing chart corresponding to the heating circuit of Fig. 17, in which V _C1 refers to the voltage value of the first charge storage element C1, and I _main refers to the current value of the current flowing through the first switch K1. The working process of the heating circuit shown in Figure 17 is as follows:
a) The switch control module 100 controls the third switch K6 and the fourth switch K7 to be turned on, and the energy storage circuit starts to work. As in the t1 time period shown in FIG. 18, the battery E passes through the third switch K6 and the fourth unidirectional semiconductor component. D11, the first charge storage element C1 performs forward discharge (as shown in the positive half cycle of the current flowing through the first switch K1 in the t1 time period in FIG. 18), and passes through the first charge storage element C1, fourth. The switch K7 and the fifth unidirectional semiconductor element D12 are reversely charged (as shown by the negative half period of the current flowing through the first switch K1 in the period t2 in FIG. 18);
b) the switch control module 100 controls the third switch K6 and the fourth switch K7 to be turned off when the reverse current is zero;
c) The switch control module 100 controls the operation of the second DC-DC module 3, and the first charge memory element C1 converts the alternating current into a direct current output into the battery E through the second DC-DC module 3, thereby realizing the power backflow, and then Controlling the second DC-DC module 3 to stop working, such as the t3 time period shown in FIG. 18;
d) Repeat steps a) to c), and battery E is continuously heated by discharge until battery E reaches the stop heating condition.
The heating circuit provided by the invention can improve the charge and discharge performance of the battery, and in the heating circuit, the energy storage circuit is connected in series with the battery, and when the battery is heated, due to the existence of the series of charge memory elements, the failure of the switching device can be avoided. The safety issue can effectively protect the battery. At the same time, an energy transfer unit is further provided in the heating circuit of the present invention. When the switching device is turned off, the energy transfer unit can transfer energy in the energy storage circuit to other energy storage components or to other devices, thereby also functioning The role of energy recycling.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the embodiments described above, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. Simple variations are within the scope of the invention.
It should be further noted that the specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention has various possible combinations. The method will not be explained otherwise. In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the invention may be made as long as it does not deviate from the idea of the invention, and it should be regarded as the disclosure of the invention.

1‧‧‧開關裝置1‧‧‧Switching device

3‧‧‧第二DC-DC模組3‧‧‧Second DC-DC module

100‧‧‧開關控制模組100‧‧‧Switch Control Module

101‧‧‧電壓控制單元101‧‧‧Voltage Control Unit

103‧‧‧電量回灌單元103‧‧‧Power recharge unit

C1、C3‧‧‧電荷記憶元件C1, C3‧‧‧ charge memory components

E‧‧‧電池E‧‧‧Battery

L1、L4‧‧‧電流記憶元件L1, L4‧‧‧ current memory components

R1、R4、R5‧‧‧阻尼元件R1, R4, R5‧‧‧ damping elements

R2、R3、R6‧‧‧電阻R2, R3, R6‧‧‧ resistance

S1~S4‧‧‧雙向開關S1~S4‧‧‧ bidirectional switch

T3‧‧‧變壓器T3‧‧‧Transformer

K1、K2、K6、K7、K8‧‧‧開關K1, K2, K6, K7, K8‧‧‧ switch

K3、K4、K5‧‧‧雙向開關K3, K4, K5‧‧‧ bidirectional switch

D1、D9、D10、D11、D12‧‧‧單向半導體元件D1, D9, D10, D11, D12‧‧‧ unidirectional semiconductor components

V_C1‧‧‧第一電荷記憶元件C1的電壓值V _C1 ‧‧‧voltage value of the first charge memory element C1

I_主‧‧‧流經第一開關K1的電流的電流值‧‧‧ I flowing through the first _main switch K1 is the current value of the current

t1~t3‧‧‧時間段Time period t1~t3‧‧

附圖是用來提供對本發明的進一步理解，並且構成說明書的一部分，與下面的具體實施方式一起用於解釋本發明，但並不構成對本發明的限制。在附圖中：
第1圖為本發明提供的電池的加熱電路的示意圖；
第2圖為第1圖中的能量轉移單元的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第3圖為第2圖中的電量回灌單元的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第4圖為第3圖中的第二DC-DC模組的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第5圖為第1圖中的開關裝置的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第6圖為第1圖中的開關裝置的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第7圖為第1圖中的開關裝置的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第8圖為第1圖中的開關裝置的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第9圖為第1圖中的開關裝置的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第10圖為第1圖中的開關裝置的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第11圖為第1圖中的開關裝置的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第12圖為第1圖中的開關裝置的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第13圖為本發明提供的電池的加熱電路的一種優選實施方式的示意圖；
第14圖為第13圖中的能量消耗單元的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第15圖為本發明提供的電池的加熱電路的一種實施方式的示意圖；
第16圖為第15圖的加熱電路所對應的波形時序圖；
第17圖為本發明提供的電池的加熱電路的一種實施方式的示意圖；以及
第18圖為第17圖的加熱電路所對應的波形時序圖。The drawings are intended to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are intended to be a In the drawing:
1 is a schematic view of a heating circuit of a battery provided by the present invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the energy transfer unit of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the power refill unit in Figure 2;
4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a second DC-DC module in FIG. 3;
Figure 5 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the switching device of Figure 1;
Figure 6 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the switching device of Figure 1;
Figure 7 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the switching device of Figure 1;
Figure 8 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the switching device of Figure 1;
Figure 9 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the switching device of Figure 1;
Figure 10 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the switching device of Figure 1;
Figure 11 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the switching device of Figure 1;
Figure 12 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the switching device of Figure 1;
Figure 13 is a schematic view showing a preferred embodiment of a heating circuit for a battery provided by the present invention;
Figure 14 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the energy consuming unit of Figure 13;
Figure 15 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a heating circuit of a battery provided by the present invention;
Figure 16 is a waveform timing diagram corresponding to the heating circuit of Figure 15;
Fig. 17 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a heating circuit of a battery provided by the present invention; and Fig. 18 is a waveform timing chart corresponding to the heating circuit of Fig. 17.

1‧‧‧開關裝置 1‧‧‧Switching device

100‧‧‧開關控制模組 100‧‧‧Switch Control Module

C1‧‧‧電荷記憶元件 C1‧‧‧ Charge Memory Element

E‧‧‧電池 E‧‧‧Battery

L1‧‧‧電流記憶元件 L1‧‧‧ current memory component

R1‧‧‧阻尼元件 R1‧‧‧damage element

Claims

A heating circuit for a battery, the heating circuit comprising:
Switching device
First damping element;
a tank circuit, the tank circuit being connected to the battery, the tank circuit comprising a current memory element and a first charge memory element, the first damping element and the switching device being connected in series with the energy storage circuit;
a switch control module, the switch control module being connected to the switch device for controlling the switch device to be turned on and off to control the flow of energy between the battery and the energy storage circuit; and the energy transfer unit The energy transfer unit is coupled to the energy storage circuit for transferring energy in the energy storage circuit to the energy storage element after the switching device is turned on and off.

The heating circuit of claim 1, wherein the first damping element is a parasitic resistance inside the battery, the current memory element is a parasitic inductance inside the battery; or, the first The damper element is an external resistor, the current memory element is an external inductor, and the first charge memory element is a capacitor.

The heating circuit of claim 2, wherein the energy storage component is the battery, the energy transfer unit comprises a power refill unit, and the power recharge unit is connected to the energy storage circuit. And for transferring energy in the energy storage circuit to the battery after the switching device is turned on and off.

The heating circuit of claim 3, wherein the power refill unit comprises a second DC-DC module, the second DC-DC module and the first charge storage element and the The batteries are respectively connected, and the switch control module is further connected to the second DC-DC module, configured to transfer energy in the first charge storage element by controlling operation of the second DC-DC module Into the battery.

The heating circuit of claim 2, wherein the switch control module is configured to control the switching device to be turned on and off to control energy flow only from the battery to the energy storage circuit.

The heating circuit of claim 5, wherein the switching device comprises a first switch and a first unidirectional semiconductor component, the first switch and the first unidirectional semiconductor component being connected in series after being connected in series In the energy storage circuit, the switch control module is connected to the first switch, and is configured to control the switch device to be turned on and off by controlling the on and off of the first switch.

The heating circuit of claim 5, wherein the switch control module is configured to control the switching device when the current flowing through the switching device is zero after the switching device is turned on or before zero Shut down.

The heating circuit of claim 7, wherein the switch control module is configured to control the switch device to be turned off before the current flowing through the switch device is turned on after the switch device is turned on, the switch The device includes a second unidirectional semiconductor element, a third unidirectional semiconductor element, a second switch, a second damper element, and a second charge memory element, the second unidirectional semiconductor element and the second switch being sequentially connected in series In the tank circuit, the second damper element is connected in series with the second charge memory element and then connected in parallel at both ends of the second switch, and the third unidirectional semiconductor element is connected in parallel to the second damper element End, for reflowing the current storage element when the second switch is turned off, the switch control module is connected to the second switch, for controlling the conduction and the off of the second switch The switch is turned on and off.

The heating circuit of claim 2, wherein the switch control module is configured to control the switching device to be turned on and off, such that when the switching device is turned on, energy is in the battery and the Reciprocating flow between the energy storage circuits.

The heating circuit of claim 9, wherein the switching device is a first bidirectional switch.

The heating circuit of claim 9, wherein the switching device comprises a first one-way branch for realizing energy flow from the battery to the energy storage circuit and for realizing energy from the storage The power circuit can be connected to the second one-way branch of the battery, and the switch control module is respectively connected to one or both of the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch for The switching device is controlled to be turned on and off by controlling the turning on and off of the connected branch.

The heating circuit of claim 11, wherein the switching device comprises a second bidirectional switch and a third bidirectional switch, wherein the second bidirectional switch and the third bidirectional switch are connected in reverse series to each other to constitute The first one-way branch and the second one-way branch, the switch control module is respectively connected to the second bidirectional switch and the third bidirectional switch, for controlling the second bidirectional switch and the The turning on and off of the third bidirectional switch controls the turning on and off of the first one-way branch and the second one-way branch.

The heating circuit of claim 11, wherein the switching device comprises a third switch, a fourth unidirectional semiconductor component, and a fifth unidirectional semiconductor component, the third switch and the fourth unidirectional semiconductor component Connected to each other in series to form the first one-way branch, the fifth unidirectional semiconductor component constitutes the second one-way branch, and the switch control module is connected to the third switch for controlling the The three switches are turned on and off to control the turning on and off of the first one-way branch.

The heating circuit of the battery of claim 13, wherein the switching device further comprises a fourth switch located in the second one-way branch, the fourth switch and the fifth unidirectional semiconductor component In series, the switch control module is further connected to the fourth switch for controlling the turning on and off of the second one-way branch by controlling the turning on and off of the fourth switch.

The heating circuit of claim 11, wherein the switching device further comprises a resistor in series with the first one-way branch and/or the second one-way branch.

The heating circuit of claim 9, wherein the switch control module is configured to control the switching device after the current flowing through the switching device is zero or after the switching device is turned on. Shut down.

The heating circuit of claim 1 , wherein the heating circuit further comprises an energy consuming unit coupled to the first charge storage element, the energy consuming unit After the energy transfer unit performs energy transfer after the switching device is turned on and off again, the energy in the first charge storage element is consumed, or after the energy transfer unit performs energy transfer, The energy in the first charge storage element is consumed.

The heating circuit of claim 17, wherein the energy consuming unit comprises a voltage control unit, the voltage control unit being coupled to the first charge storage element for turning on and off the switching device After the energy transfer unit performs energy transfer, converting the voltage value across the first charge storage element into a voltage set value, or after the energy transfer unit performs energy transfer, the first charge memory The energy in the component is consumed.

The heating circuit of claim 18, wherein the voltage control unit comprises a third damping element and a fifth switch, the third damping element and the fifth switch being connected in series after being connected in parallel to the The switch control module is further connected to the fifth switch, and the switch control module is further configured to control the fifth switch to be turned on after controlling the switch device to be turned on and off again. .