TWI423674B - 視訊接收器上之抹消方法以及利用視訊伺服器傳輸連流至接收器之方法 - Google Patents

視訊接收器上之抹消方法以及利用視訊伺服器傳輸連流至接收器之方法 Download PDF

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TWI423674B
TWI423674B TW097121011A TW97121011A TWI423674B TW I423674 B TWI423674 B TW I423674B TW 097121011 A TW097121011 A TW 097121011A TW 97121011 A TW97121011 A TW 97121011A TW I423674 B TWI423674 B TW I423674B
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Jean-Baptiste Henry
Gaetan Cottereau
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Thomson Licensing
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/23406—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving management of server-side video buffer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
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    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
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    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
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    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
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    • H04N21/2355—Processing of additional data, e.g. scrambling of additional data or processing content descriptors involving reformatting operations of additional data, e.g. HTML pages
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
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    • H04N21/262—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists
    • H04N21/2625—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists for delaying content or additional data distribution, e.g. because of an extended sport event
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/438—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving encoded video stream packets from an IP network
    • H04N21/4383—Accessing a communication channel
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    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
    • H04N21/44016—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving splicing one content stream with another content stream, e.g. for substituting a video clip
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    • H04N21/633—Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client
    • H04N21/6332—Control signals issued by server directed to the network components or client directed to client
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
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    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
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    • H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
    • H04N21/654—Transmission by server directed to the client

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Description

視訊接收器上之抹消方法以及利用視訊伺服器傳輸連流至接收器之方法
本發明一般係關於抹消方法，尤指二程式間抹消時間之減少方法。
經由網路之視訊分佈，使用標準壓縮系統，諸如MPEG－2或JVT/H.264/MPEG AVC。MPEG標準界定GoP(圖像群組)。GoP界定I,P,B型圖像之序列。此等圖像亦在MPEG標準內加以界定。I圖像編碼時不參照任何其他圖像。P圖像是參照前導圖像加以說明。B圖像是參照前導和後續圖像加以說明。當接收器接收程式時，等待接收I圖像，以便開始解碼。此舉造成新影片顯示前的延遲，尤其在抹消情況下。因此，當抹消時間在顯示幕上新頻道顯示之前消失時，此時間即分成接收記憶器充填時間，和在連流內找出可解碼圖像之時間。
系統存在是要改進解碼時間，藉添加附加連流，其結構是更快找到可解碼圖像，能夠加以顯示。此即例如專利申請案WO2005112465AI內所界定。惟此附加系統和正常系統遭遇同樣問題，在可解碼之前，必須等到接收記憶器被充填。
本發明係關於適合使接收器內抹消時間最適化之系統和方法。
為此，本發明之目的在於抹消方法，在視訊接收器內包括對新程式接收抹消命令之步驟，為接收包括新程式的第一連流和包括與第一連流同樣程式的第二連流而套準(第二連流適於比第一連流更快被接收器處理)、接收第一連流和第二連流(第二連流係比第一連流延遲被接收)、在比記憶第二連流更長的週期當中記憶第一連流、顯示第二連流，然後顯示第一連流延續第二連流。
按照具體例，第一連流的記憶時間，是按照第一連流和第二連流間之時間延遲，由該接收器加以固定。
按照一具體例，程式是在第二連流內比在第一連流內壓縮之方式輸送。
按照特殊實施方式，接接收器接收指示，表示第一連流和第二連流展示時間之差異。
本發明另一目的，在於擬議對接收器之連流傳輸方法，利用一種視訊伺服器，在伺服器內包括第一連流內容之編碼步驟，把同樣內容編碼於第二連流內(第二連流適合由利用接收器比第一連流更快速處理)，以及傳輸二連流(第二連流比第一連流延遲)。
按照一具體例，第二連流內之編碼內容，比第一連流內之編碼內容更加壓縮。
本發明亦可應用於電腦程式產品，包括程式電碼指令，以執行本發明之方法步驟，當此程式在電腦上執行時，須知「電腦程式產品」係指電腦程式媒體，不但包含含程式之儲存空間，諸如磁片或卡帶，還有訊號，諸如電氣或光學訊號。
本發明由參照附圖說明如下具體例和實施方式，即可更為明白。
在第2和3圖中，所示模組是功能性單位，相當於實體上可分辨之單位與否均可。例如，此等模組或其部份可一同群組在單一組件內，或構成同樣軟體之功能。反之，有些模組可由分開之實體組成。
具體例位在寬頻網路壓縮內容分佈模態內之抹消架構，惟本發明不限於此特殊環境，可應用於類似抹消用途局限之其他脈絡。
第1圖表示本發明具體例之系統。包括視訊源1。視訊 利用編碼器2加以編碼，呈二連流形式：高品質連流和低品質連流。高品質連流係標準連流，諸如SD或HD連流。低品質連流是標準格式連流，但比高品質連流更為壓縮。其特徵為GoP較高品質連流的GoP為短。係在比將標準連流編碼的封包數為少的封包數上編碼。伺服器6包括視訊源和編碼器。當然，視訊源和編碼器可包括在截然不同的裝置內。編碼器2把二不同連流編碼。此可以二截然不同的編碼器進行。
以下，高品質連流稱為標準連流，而低品質連流稱為附加連流。標準連流之GoP例，為IBBPBBPBBPBBI，而附加連流者為IBI。相當於以較低封包數傳輸之同樣資料。
視訊連流經由網際網路規約3型網路，傳輸至視訊接收器4，諸如機上盒。接收器4顯示在視訊顯示幕5上接到之連流。
第2圖展示接收器4具體例。接收器包括通訊模組21，以發送和接收資料，尤其是在IP型WAN網路上。包括適於記憶從WAN網路接到的視訊資料之記憶器23，以及視訊解碼模組25。尤其是，此為MPEG解碼器。接收器包括處理機22，包括各種接收器模組之處理機構。
接收器亦包括使用者界面24，能夠接收使用者的抹消要求，觸發程式的改變。最後，接收器包括對已知顯示幕之連接機構，圖上未示。
第3圖中所示伺服器6，包括二編碼器、標準連流用的視訊編碼模組34，和附加連流用的視訊編碼模組35。又包括眾所周知的通訊機構，把連流以多元播送模態傳輸至接收器。當然，連流可以一元播送模態傳輸。意即亦可將連流間的時間延遲傳輸至接收器，詳後。伺服器亦包括處理機32和記憶器33。
第4圖為序列圖，展示抹消機制。
接收器接收視訊連流(步驟S1)。再從使用者界面，接收要求抹消另一程式(步驟S2)。發生連接程序，經由IGMP(網際網路群組管理規約)，本身業已公知。IGMP要求包括所需視訊連流之多元播送IP位址，以選擇相對應視訊服務。接收器進行舊視訊連流之IGMP離去(步驟S3)，然後IGMP結合於標準連流和相關附加連流之IP多元播送位址(步驟S4和S5)。
接收器再接收標準連流(步驟S6)，和附加連流(步驟S8)。把此等連流記憶(步驟S7和S9)。一般是先顯示附加連流(步驟S10)。事實上，有更大機會在此附加連流上找到I圖像。然後顯示標準連流(S11)，詳後。
按照上述GoP實施例，對附加連流，於各I型圖像間只傳輸一B型圖像；而對標準連流，在二I形圖像間傳輸若干B和P型圖像。故，二I型圖像間的等候時間，比在附加連流情況時更短。
第5圖展示接收器內之記憶和解碼機制。
在接收時，標準和附加連流是在要解碼之前某一時間，儲存在記憶器內。此項記憶使得所接收資料在傳輸到解碼器之前，儲存一段時間。其次，解碼器等待檢測I型圖像，開始顯示。
標準連流的記憶時間101相當長。事實上，標準連流是可以穩定方式處理者。然而必須能夠抵抗傳輸問題。一方面，在接收時補正可能的顫動效果，以防進退兩難。另方面，在決定的封包組上，容許有足夠資料操作誤差改正，諸如FEC(順向誤差改正)。此項記憶耗時，視聽資料的封包記憶後，通到解碼器，意即在可用之前，保留儲存一段期間。在新的解碼開始時，此期間係損失時間，抹消時特別感受到，必須等到記憶器充填後，才能進行任何解碼。
附加連流的記憶時間102較短。事實上，此連流在抹消 時刻後，只能使用數秒，其任務不在於永久觀視。比標準流動的保護為少，而比顫動更敏銳。此舉可以更快速把資料通到解碼器，因此可縮短抹消時刻。
一旦連流已記憶充分長的時間，即傳輸至解碼器，開始解碼。對附加連流而言，解碼時間103更快速。事實上，附加連流的GoP較短，而圖像I出現更快。在T0，附加連流出現在顯示幕上。標準連流的解碼時間104通常較長。標準連流的GoP較長，I圖像的發生更加隔離，而I圖像出現較附加連流不頻繁。在T1，標準連流解碼，預備顯示在顯示幕上。
標準連流取代附加連流105。附加連流交給標準連流，只要利用在同樣時基上對二連流加以時間戳記，即可進行。 因此，各連流內展示的同樣圖像，即具有同樣展示時間。尤指PTS(展示時間印戳)，如MPEG標準內所界定。
記憶時間可表示如下，其中標準連流之時間為一秒，而附加連流為一百毫秒。因而，假設二連流係由接收器同時接到，附加連流是在一百毫秒後傳輸到解碼器，而連流快速解碼，得I型圖像，備妥顯示。同時，一秒後，標準連流傳輸至解碼器，再加以解碼。得I型圖像，不如附加連流快速。一旦獲得I型圖像，標準連流即取代顯示幕上的附加連流。
由於I型圖像經由附加連流充分早顯示，即可增加標準連流之記憶時間，使接收更為牢靠，抵制可能之輸送誤差。
按照具體例，標準連流和附加連流係依MPEG標準，發射不同的展示時間，尤其是不同的PTS。即連流在時間上有出入。附加連流的PTS，即PTS1，先於標準連流，即PTS2。附加連流發射時間與標準連流有差異，其發射較標準連流為遲，因此，當接收器接到標準連流之PTS2，同時接到附加連流之PTS1，相當於已利用伺服器發送的標準連流之PTS1。PTS1和PTS2間之差異，在時間上展示標準連流和附 加連流的緩衝器間之尺寸差異。因此，當附加連流充填於其記憶器，即可始被解碼(PTSI)，而標準連流仍被記憶。在附加連流被解碼之時，標準連流充填其記憶器，直至此記憶器滿，而標準連流開始被解碼。此PTS2瞬間相當於附加連流亦解碼其PTS2。因此，當附加連流顯示時，在T0時刻顯示，明顯後繼PTS1。然後，在此時間當中，標準連流被記憶和解碼。在顯示時，於明顯後繼PTS2的時刻T1，附加連流顯示，明顯相當於同樣時間T1，而附加連流在顯示幕上不知不覺發生移交。PTS1和PTS2間之差異事實上得以在顯示幕上顯示之前，補正附加連流和附加連流間，於解碼器內所需處理之差異。
伺服器可能把二連流間實施之偏差值，發訊號給接收器。此特別可在連流套準之際進行。如此使得接收器設定各連流所專用記憶器尺寸之參數。
接收器本身亦可檢測此偏差值，可用此偏差值衡量標準連流之記憶時間。
本發明上述文本記載為一實施例。須知凡精於此道之士均能夠製成本發明變化例，不違本發明之範圍。
1‧‧‧視訊源模組
2‧‧‧視訊編碼器模組
3‧‧‧IP網路模組
4‧‧‧視訊接收器模組
5‧‧‧視訊顯示幕模組
6‧‧‧伺服器
21‧‧‧通訊模組
22‧‧‧處理機模組
23‧‧‧記憶器模組
24‧‧‧使用者界面模組
25‧‧‧視訊解碼模組
31‧‧‧通訊模組
32‧‧‧處理機模組
33‧‧‧記憶器模組
34‧‧‧視訊1編碼模組
35‧‧‧視訊2編碼模組
36‧‧‧內部流路
S1‧‧‧接收視訊連流之步驟
S2‧‧‧接收要求抹消另一程式之步驟
S3‧‧‧進行舊視訊連流離去之步驟
S4‧‧‧定址標準連流之步驟
S5‧‧‧定址相關附加連流之步驟
S6‧‧‧接收標準連流之步驟
S7‧‧‧記憶標準連流之步驟
S8‧‧‧接收附加連流之步驟
S9‧‧‧記憶附加連流之步驟
S10‧‧‧顯示附加連流之步驟
S11‧‧‧顯示標準連流之步驟
101‧‧‧標準連流的記憶時間
102‧‧‧附加連流的記憶時間
103‧‧‧附加連流的解碼時間
104‧‧‧標準連流的解碼時間
105‧‧‧標準連流取代附加連流
第1圖為本發明系統具體例之極簡略圖；第2圖為本發明接收器具體例之圖；第3圖為本發明伺服器具體例之圖；第4圖為本發明具體例之連流圖；第5圖為本發明具體例之快速抹消原理之示意圖。
1‧‧‧視訊源
4‧‧‧視訊接收器
5‧‧‧視訊顯示幕
S1‧‧‧接收視訊連流之步驟
S2‧‧‧接收要求抹消另一程式之步驟
S3‧‧‧進行舊視訊連流離去之步驟
S4‧‧‧定址標準連流之步驟
S5‧‧‧定址相關附加連流之步驟
S6‧‧‧接收標準連流之步驟
S7‧‧‧記憶標準連流之步驟
S8‧‧‧接收附加連流之步驟
S9‧‧‧記憶附加連流之步驟
S10‧‧‧顯示附加連流之步驟
S11‧‧‧顯示標準連流之步驟

Claims (6)

  1. 一種視訊接收器(4)內之抹消方法，在該接收器內包括步驟為：-接收(S2)給新程式之抹消命令；-要求(S4,S5)接收包括新程式的第一連流，和包括與第一連流同樣程式的第二連流，第二連流係適於利用接收器比第一連流更快速處理；-同時接收(S6,S8)第一連流和第二連流，第二連流比第一連流延遲接收；-記憶第一連流(S7,S9)，期間比記憶第二連流為長，連流之記憶時間係按照第一連流和第二連流間的時間延遲，由該接收器加以固定，故當第一連流顯示時，相當於與第二連流展示時間一致之展示時間；-顯示(S10)第二連流；以及-顯示(S11)第一連流，延續第二連流者。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中程式以在第二連流內比在第一連流內更為壓縮的方式輸送者。
  3. 如前述申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法，其中接收器接收第一連流和第二連流的展示時間之差異者。
  4. 一種利用視訊伺服器(6)把連流傳輸至接收器之方法，在該伺服器內包括步驟為：-把第一連流內的內容加以編碼；-把第二連流內的同樣內容加以編碼，第二連流適於利用接收器比第一連流更快速處理；-同時傳輸二連流，第二連流和第一連流間有時間偏差，該時間偏差展示把第一連流和第二連流緩衝的規模不同之時間；-對接收器指示該時間偏差值者。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法，其中在第二連流內編碼 之內容，比第一連流內編碼之內容更為壓縮者。
  6. 一種電腦程式產品，包括程式電碼指令，在電腦上執行該程式時，供執行申請專利範圍第1項抹消方法之步驟者。
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