TWI419340B - Method of connecting solar cell components - Google Patents
Method of connecting solar cell components Download PDFInfo
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- TWI419340B TWI419340B TW94128918A TW94128918A TWI419340B TW I419340 B TWI419340 B TW I419340B TW 94128918 A TW94128918 A TW 94128918A TW 94128918 A TW94128918 A TW 94128918A TW I419340 B TWI419340 B TW I419340B
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- solar cell
- lead
- cooling
- heating
- nozzles
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 76
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006015 heat resistant resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1876—Particular processes or apparatus for batch treatment of the devices
- H01L31/188—Apparatus specially adapted for automatic interconnection of solar cells in a module
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Description
本發明係關於一種將複數個太陽電池元件串聯或並聯以形成太陽電池的方法。更加詳細的是關於一種連接方法，即使用極薄太陽電池元件也能減少該元件的破損或翹曲以提升良率，而且能夠提供廉價太陽電池面板。The present invention relates to a method of connecting a plurality of solar cell elements in series or in parallel to form a solar cell. More specifically, it relates to a connection method in which the use of extremely thin solar cell elements can also reduce breakage or warpage of the element to improve yield, and can provide a cheap solar cell panel.
太陽電池，係將存在為一種無窮無盡且沒有環境污染的能源的太陽光直接變換成電氣能源的發電系統，其用途與使用範圍，正從住宅用朝計算機、手錶、玩具等生活領域急速擴大中。In the solar cell, there is a power generation system that converts sunlight, which is an endless source of energy without environmental pollution, into an electric energy source. The use and scope of use of the solar cell are rapidly expanding from the residential area to the life of computers, watches, toys, and the like. .
太陽電池，是經由太陽電池元件的製造製程後，再經以引線電氣連接複數個太陽電池元件而形成模組的製程，以及將該模組夾合於透明的外殼材料與保護材料間之積層製程等而製造出。另外，在各式各樣的太陽電池之中，特別是非晶質矽太陽電池與多結晶矽太陽電池，由於適合大面積製造，且製造成本低廉，經迄今為止的努力研究，近幾年間在模組化形成與系統化形成的生產技術的開發上有相當進展，已從3KW左右的家庭用小型發電裝置進展到數百KW的大型發電裝置。A solar cell is a process of forming a module by electrically connecting a plurality of solar cell elements by a lead through a manufacturing process of a solar cell element, and laminating the module between a transparent outer casing material and a protective material. And made it. In addition, among various types of solar cells, in particular, amorphous germanium solar cells and polycrystalline germanium solar cells are suitable for large-area manufacturing and are inexpensive to manufacture, and have been studied in recent years. There has been considerable progress in the development of production technologies for group formation and systemization, and it has progressed from a small-sized household power generation device of about 3 kW to a large-scale power generation device of several hundred KW.
另一方面，基於這個背景，隨著市場需求增加，也有了大幅降低成本的市場需求，一種滿足該需求的手段之一，係將構成太陽電池的元件基板的厚度從現今的300~500μm薄化到200μm左右。另外，在不久的將來，甚至有薄化到更薄的150μm的可能性。On the other hand, based on this background, as market demand increases, there is also a market demand that significantly reduces costs. One of the means to meet this demand is to thin the thickness of the component substrate constituting the solar cell from the current 300 to 500 μm. It is about 200μm. In addition, in the near future, there is even the possibility of thinning to a thinner 150 μm.
形成該發電裝置的太陽電池模組，係將複數個太陽電池元件串聯或並聯而成。為連接該元件之利用焊接的一般連接方式，係在兩相鄰元件中，使一元件之經預焊處理之表面側集電電極、與另一元件之經預焊處理之背面側電極，密合於附有焊料的引線後，經過對該引線進行加熱(熔接)、冷卻等各步驟處理而連接。然而此時被熔接的部分，係一口氣對該引線全長進行處理，主要因為元件基板與引線之間熱膨脹率的差異會使基板受到熱應力(應力)，視情形可能元件基板會產生破裂或發生翹曲，讓良率降低。此外，當基板的厚度越薄，上述的傾向就越容易出現，這些課題的解決是迫切需要的。The solar cell module forming the power generating device is formed by connecting a plurality of solar cell elements in series or in parallel. The general connection method for soldering the component is to bond the surface-side collector electrode of one component to the pre-weld surface of the other component to the back side electrode of the other component. After the leads are attached to the solder, they are connected by heating, welding, and cooling the leads. However, the portion to be welded at this time is processed in one part of the lead, mainly because the difference in thermal expansion rate between the element substrate and the lead causes the substrate to be subjected to thermal stress (stress), which may cause cracking or occurrence of the element substrate depending on the situation. Warping, reducing yield. Further, as the thickness of the substrate is thinner, the above tendency tends to occur, and the resolution of these problems is urgently required.
為滿足前述需要，例如有文獻提出一太陽電池模組，其配置於有透光性的表面材料與背面材料之間，將用接頭(引線)電氣連接之複數個太陽電池元件加以封裝而構成，該接頭具備：形成太陽電池元件連接面之相互分離的連接部，以及將前述複數連接部相互連結之連結部(不在太陽電池元件連接面上)(例如參照專利文獻1)。In order to meet the above needs, for example, a solar cell module is proposed in the literature, which is disposed between a translucent surface material and a back material, and is formed by encapsulating a plurality of solar cell elements electrically connected by a joint (lead). The joint includes a connection portion that forms a mutually separated solar cell element connection surface, and a connection portion that connects the plurality of connection portions to each other (not on the solar cell element connection surface) (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
此外，有一文獻提出另一太陽電池模組，其將複數個太陽電池元件(背面設有背面電極，在表面設有表面電極及集電電極)並排設置，為了將一太陽電池元件與相鄰的其他太陽電池元件串聯，係設有帶狀接頭，以將一太陽電池元件之集電電極與相鄰的太陽電池元件之背面電極相連接；在該接頭上，沿長方向交互設有可焊接之可焊接區域與不可焊接之不可焊接區域各複數個(例如參照專利文獻2)。In addition, there is a document which proposes another solar cell module in which a plurality of solar cell elements (back surface electrodes are provided on the back surface and surface electrodes and collector electrodes are provided on the surface) are arranged side by side in order to connect a solar cell element to an adjacent one. Other solar cell elements are connected in series, and are provided with strip connectors for connecting the collector electrodes of a solar cell element to the back electrodes of adjacent solar cell elements; on the joints, solderable are alternately arranged along the long direction. Each of the weldable area and the non-weldable non-weldable area is plural (for example, refer to Patent Document 2).
專利文獻1：日本特開平11－312820號公報專利文獻2：日本特開2002－280591號公報Patent Document 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. H11-312820 (Patent Document 2): JP-A-2002-280591
然而，前述專利文獻1之接頭係具備：相互分離、且具有平坦面(用以形成太陽電池元件連接面)之複數連接部，以及用以連接該複數連接部之連結部(不在太陽電池元件連接面上)，由於將連接面面積縮小，可避免接頭與太陽電池元件間之熱膨脹率差異所產生的元件損傷，但關於接頭的加熱與冷卻，係同時對全體接頭進行加熱，又同時對全體接頭進行冷卻，遂難免因熱應力而發生元件的破損或翹曲，以致於在模組化的各製程之處理及加壓可能會導致破損且使良率下降的問題。However, the joint of Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of joint portions which are separated from each other and have a flat surface (to form a solar cell element connection surface), and a joint portion for connecting the plurality of joint portions (not connected to the solar cell element) On the surface), since the connection surface area is reduced, the component damage caused by the difference in thermal expansion rate between the joint and the solar cell element can be avoided, but the heating and cooling of the joint are simultaneously heating all the joints, and at the same time, all the joints When cooling is performed, it is inevitable that the element is broken or warped due to thermal stress, so that the processing and pressurization of each of the modular processes may cause breakage and a problem of a decrease in yield.
再者，該接頭並非市售之覆有焊料之直角引線，而是對連接部間所夾設之複數連結部施以彎曲加工的特殊構造引線，為使該彎曲加工部位不斷裂，或為維持該部位的強度，必須以高精度形成該引線，結果成本不得不大幅升高。Further, the joint is not a commercially available right-angled lead covered with solder, but a special structure lead for bending a plurality of joint portions interposed between the joint portions, so that the bent portion is not broken or maintained The strength of this portion must be formed with high precision, and as a result, the cost has to be greatly increased.
另外，於專利文獻2所記載的技術，係專利文獻1所記載技術之改良。其將專利文獻1之具有連接部與連結部之接頭，由一沿長方向設有複數可焊接區域與複數不可焊接區域之接頭所取代，藉此防止於基板發生熱應力，以防止基板的損傷。Further, the technique described in Patent Document 2 is an improvement of the technique described in Patent Document 1. The joint of the connecting portion and the connecting portion of Patent Document 1 is replaced by a joint having a plurality of weldable regions and a plurality of non-weldable regions along the longitudinal direction, thereby preventing thermal stress on the substrate to prevent damage of the substrate. .
換言之，於專利文獻2的發明所採用之接頭，係先將基板的薄板狀銅指上複數個待附著焊料區域覆上遮罩，以不附著焊料的耐熱性樹脂或鍍鉻等實施表面處理之後，再除去遮罩並實施預焊而製成，於是所使用的連接面僅限於實施預焊處，能簡單的減少連接面積，又因為未施以機械加工，亦不致在其上發生機械強度下降的部分；另外，對於太陽電池元件而言，接頭係以斷續的方式連接，可減低焊接時基板所受之熱應力，而抑制基板的破損。In other words, in the joint of the invention of Patent Document 2, the plurality of thin-plate-shaped copper fingers of the substrate are covered with a plurality of solder regions to be attached, and the surface treatment is performed with a heat-resistant resin or chrome plating which does not adhere to the solder. The mask is removed and pre-welded, so that the joint surface used is limited to the pre-welding, the joint area can be simply reduced, and the mechanical strength is not reduced. In addition, for the solar cell element, the joints are connected in an intermittent manner, which can reduce the thermal stress on the substrate during soldering and suppress damage of the substrate.
然而，根據該專利文獻2所記載之技術，接頭之加熱、冷卻分別係在接頭全長同時進行，難免發生破損或翹曲等問題。且該採用之接頭，係在製作時需要遮罩或其他表面處理等多種製程之特殊接頭，亦難免成本上揚。However, according to the technique described in Patent Document 2, heating and cooling of the joint are performed simultaneously with the entire length of the joint, and problems such as breakage or warpage are inevitably caused. Moreover, the joints to be used are special joints of various processes such as masks or other surface treatments at the time of production, and it is inevitable that the cost is increased.
本發明有鑑於該相關之現狀，係為解決前述習知技術各項問題者，其目的係提供一低成本太陽電池元件之連接方法，不須使用目前的高價特殊接頭，而能使用市售之平價標準品之直角狀焊接引線，且讓太陽電池元件不再發生不需要的熱應力，防止該太陽電池元件之破裂或翹曲，提升太陽電池元件的良率。The present invention is directed to solving the problems of the prior art described above, and the object thereof is to provide a method for connecting a low-cost solar cell component, which can be used without using the current high-priced special connector. The right-angled soldering lead of the standard product allows the solar cell element to no longer undergo unwanted thermal stress, prevents cracking or warpage of the solar cell component, and improves the yield of the solar cell component.
為達成上述目的，本發明請求項1之內容，係一種太陽電池元件之連接方法，其特徵在於，在將太陽電池(其表面具有表面電極與集電電極，其背面具有背面電極)藉由引線之焊接來形成電氣連接時，於該引線上反覆進行單位操作(由使焊料熔融之加熱及使熔融焊料固化之冷卻所構成)並使其移動，藉此形成連續或斷續的連接。In order to achieve the above object, the content of claim 1 of the present invention is a method for connecting solar cell elements, characterized in that a solar cell (having a surface electrode and a collector electrode on its surface and a back electrode on its back surface) is provided by a lead wire When soldering is used to form an electrical connection, a unit operation (which consists of heating to melt the solder and cooling the molten solder) is repeatedly performed on the lead, thereby forming a continuous or intermittent connection.
本發明請求項2之內容，係在請求項1之太陽電池元件之連接方法中，該加熱係使用紅外線燈、加熱氣體或焊槍。The content of claim 2 of the present invention is the method of connecting solar cell elements of claim 1, wherein the heating system uses an infrared lamp, a heating gas or a welding torch.
本發明請求項3之內容，係在請求項1之太陽電池元件之連接方法中，該冷卻係使用氣體、液體或固體。The content of claim 3 of the present invention is the method of connecting solar cell elements of claim 1, wherein the cooling system uses a gas, a liquid or a solid.
本發明請求項4之內容，係在請求項1之太陽電池元件之連接方法中，該氣體係為空氣。The content of claim 4 of the present invention is the method of connecting the solar cell elements of claim 1, wherein the gas system is air.
本發明請求項5之內容，係在請求項1之太陽電池元件之連接方法中，該液體係乙醇。The content of claim 5 of the present invention is the liquid system ethanol in the method of connecting solar cell elements of claim 1.
本發明請求項6之內容，係在請求項1之太陽電池元件之連接方法中，於該引線上隔適當間隔配置噴嘴，於噴嘴依序供應加熱氣體之後，再依序供應冷卻氣體或進行放冷。According to the invention of claim 6, in the method for connecting solar cell elements of claim 1, the nozzles are disposed on the lead at appropriate intervals, and after the nozzles are sequentially supplied with the heating gas, the cooling gas is sequentially supplied or discharged. cold.
本發明請求項7之內容，係在請求項1之太陽電池元件之連接方法，於該引線上配置一組加熱噴嘴及冷卻噴嘴，邊由加熱噴嘴供給加熱氣體並由冷卻噴嘴供給冷卻氣體，邊使該等噴嘴沿該引線移動。The content of the seventh aspect of the present invention is the method of connecting the solar cell elements of claim 1, wherein a plurality of heating nozzles and cooling nozzles are disposed on the lead wires, and the heating gas is supplied from the heating nozzles and the cooling gas is supplied from the cooling nozzles. The nozzles are moved along the lead.
本發明請求項8之內容，係在請求項1之太陽電池元件之連接方法中，於該引線上配置焊槍及冷卻噴嘴，邊以該焊槍進行加熱並以冷卻噴嘴供給冷卻氣體，邊使該焊槍及該冷卻噴嘴沿該引線移動。According to the invention of claim 8, in the method of connecting solar cell elements of claim 1, the welding torch and the cooling nozzle are disposed on the lead, and the welding torch is heated and the cooling gas is supplied to the cooling nozzle to make the welding torch And the cooling nozzle moves along the lead.
本發明請求項9之內容，係在請求項1之太陽電池元件之連接方法中，於該引線上配置加熱噴嘴，邊以該加熱噴嘴供給加熱氣體邊使其沿該引線移動。According to the invention of claim 9, in the method of connecting solar cell elements of claim 1, the heating nozzle is disposed on the lead, and the heating gas is supplied to the lead by the heating nozzle.
本發明請求項10之內容，係在請求項1之之太陽電池元件之連接方法中，於該引線上配置焊槍，邊以該焊槍進行加熱邊使其沿該引線移動。According to the invention of claim 10, in the method of connecting solar cell elements of claim 1, the welding torch is disposed on the lead, and the soldering torch is heated to move along the lead.
本發明請求項11之太陽電池元件之連接方法，其特徵在於，在將太陽電池(其表面具有表面電極與集電電極，其背面具有背面電極)藉由引線之焊接來形成電氣連接時，加熱該引線使焊料熔融後，反覆進行為固化熔融焊料之冷卻操作並使其沿該引線移動，藉此形成連續或斷續的連接。A method of connecting solar cell elements according to claim 11 of the present invention, characterized in that, when a solar cell (having a surface electrode and a collector electrode on its surface and a back electrode on its back surface) is electrically connected by wire bonding, heating is performed. After the lead melts the solder, it is repeatedly subjected to a cooling operation for solidifying the molten solder and moving it along the lead, thereby forming a continuous or intermittent connection.
本發明在形成太陽電池模組時，將一太陽電池元件之表面集電電極與另一相鄰太陽電池元件之背面電極藉由引線之焊接來形成電氣連接時，於該引線上反覆進行加熱與冷卻構成之單位操作並使其移動，藉此進行熔接連接，可防止不需要的熱應力在元件發生，且防止元件破裂或翹曲，藉此大幅提高良率。When the solar cell module is formed, when the surface collector electrode of one solar cell element and the back electrode of another adjacent solar cell component are electrically connected by the soldering of the lead wire, the lead wire is repeatedly heated and The cooling unit is operated and moved, whereby the fusion connection is performed, which prevents unnecessary thermal stress from occurring in the element and prevents the element from being broken or warped, thereby greatly improving the yield.
另外，加熱引線令焊料熔融之後，反覆進行為固化熔融焊料之冷卻操作並使其在引線上移動，藉此形成連續或斷續的連接，雖然較上述方法効果稍低，仍可得到同樣的效果。In addition, after the solder is heated to melt the solder, the cooling operation for solidifying the molten solder is repeated and moved on the lead, thereby forming a continuous or intermittent connection, although the effect is slightly lower than the above method, the same effect can be obtained. .
關於本發明可達成上述效果的理由在於：避免如習知技術般在引線全長同時進行加熱或冷卻，而在焊料熔融之後迅速進行冷卻熔接操作，其結果，係於該引線因加熱而剛要膨脹的部分，立刻加以冷卻使之轉為收縮，如此保持局部膨脹收縮的平衡，在引線全長連續或斷續的形成此狀態。所以引線即使被冷卻到室溫，熱應力也將受到抑制或緩和，且減少其破裂或翹曲。The reason why the above effects can be attained by the present invention is that the heating or cooling of the entire length of the lead wire is prevented at the same time as in the prior art, and the cooling and welding operation is rapidly performed after the solder is melted, and as a result, the lead wire is just expanded by heating. The portion is immediately cooled to be contracted, so that the balance of the local expansion and contraction is maintained, and this state is continuously or intermittently formed over the entire length of the lead. Therefore, even if the lead is cooled to room temperature, the thermal stress will be suppressed or moderated, and the crack or warpage thereof will be reduced.
再者，用於本發明之引線可採用市售平價標準品之直角狀焊接引線，可實現大幅的成本降低。Further, the lead wire used in the present invention can be a right-angled soldering lead of a commercially available parity standard, and a substantial cost reduction can be achieved.
本發明技術特徵，係在元件基板表面設置表面電極及集電電極(與該表面電極呈正交)、並在基板背面設置背面電極而構成太陽電池元件，將相鄰元件一方之集電電極與另一方之背面電極藉由引線之焊接來形成太陽電池模組時，並不在引線全長同時進行加熱及冷卻，而是於引線上反覆進行單位操作(由使焊料熔融之加熱及使熔融焊料固化之冷卻所構成)並使其移動，藉此形成連續或斷續的連接。According to a feature of the present invention, a surface electrode and a collector electrode are provided on a surface of the element substrate (which is orthogonal to the surface electrode), and a back electrode is provided on the back surface of the substrate to constitute a solar cell element, and a collector electrode of one of the adjacent elements is provided. When the solar cell module is formed by soldering the leads on the other side of the electrode, the heating and cooling are not performed simultaneously on the entire length of the lead, but the unit operation is repeated on the lead (heating by melting the solder and solidifying the molten solder) Cooling and moving it, thereby forming a continuous or intermittent connection.
此外，本發明之技術特徵，係在藉由引線之焊接使該太陽電池元件(其表面具有表面電極與集電電極，其背面具有背面電極)形成電氣連接時，加熱前述引線使焊料熔融，反覆進行為固化該熔融焊料之冷卻操作並使其在引線上移動，藉此形成連續或斷續的連接。Further, in the technical feature of the present invention, when the solar cell element (having a surface electrode and a collector electrode on its surface and a back surface electrode on its back surface) is electrically connected by soldering of a lead, the lead is heated to melt the solder, and the solder is repeatedly applied. A cooling operation to cure the molten solder is performed and moved over the leads, thereby forming a continuous or intermittent connection.
於本發明所使用之引線可為一般常用者，例如可使用：呈直角狀，寬1.5mm，厚0.16mm，在電鍍銅之雙面覆有焊料之標準品。The lead used in the present invention may be a commonly used one, for example, a standard having a right angle, a width of 1.5 mm, a thickness of 0.16 mm, and a solder on both sides of the electroplated copper.
關於本發明之加熱手段，如紅外線燈、加熱氣體或焊槍等等皆可。本發明之冷卻手段，如空氣等氣體、水或乙醇等液體、傳熱性良好之銅棒等固體皆可。又，引線可採用連續熔接，或是採用斷續(點焊)熔接。於斷續熔接的情況，以長125mm到155mm左右的引線的情況為例，通常在3到16個部位熔接。Regarding the heating means of the present invention, such as an infrared lamp, a heating gas or a welding torch, etc. The cooling means of the present invention may be a solid such as a gas such as air, a liquid such as water or ethanol, or a copper rod having good heat conductivity. Further, the leads may be continuously welded or intermittently (spot welded) welded. In the case of intermittent welding, for example, in the case of a lead having a length of about 125 mm to 155 mm, it is usually welded at 3 to 16 places.
本發明之連接方法，較佳為以自動裝置來進行，然而將引線與一片一片太陽電池元件的連接以半自動裝置進行，再將該等太陽電池元件(通常為8到12片的程度)相互間的連接以手動方式進行亦可。The connection method of the present invention is preferably carried out by an automatic device, however, the connection of the lead wires to a piece of solar cell elements is carried out by a semi-automatic device, and the solar cell elements (usually 8 to 12 pieces) are mutually The connection can also be done manually.
關於本發明，在加熱引線使焊料熔融後，反覆進行為固化熔融焊料之冷卻操作並在前述引線上使其移動時，可對引線全長(斷續方式連接的情況，則僅對熔接的點)進行一次加熱，或者依序加熱亦可。然後，於前述引線上連續或斷續的反覆進行冷卻之操作並使其移動，而形成連續或斷續的熔接。According to the present invention, when the lead is heated to melt the solder, and the cooling operation for curing the molten solder is repeated and moved on the lead, the total length of the lead can be connected (in the case of intermittent connection, only the point of fusion) It can be heated once or sequentially. Then, the cooling operation is continuously or intermittently repeated on the aforementioned lead wires to move them to form continuous or intermittent fusion.
另外，於引線上連續或斷續的反覆進行加熱或冷卻之操作，並使其移動的情況下，關於其起始點，通常由引線的一端至另端反覆進行並使其移動以作業面而言為較佳，但不必要侷限於此，可以引線上任一處作為起始點。In addition, in the case where the heating or cooling operation is continuously or intermittently repeated on the lead wire, the starting point is usually reversed from one end of the lead wire to the other end and moved to the working surface. It is preferable, but it is not necessarily limited to this, and any point on the lead can be used as a starting point.
以下，說明本發明太陽電池元件之連接方法之較佳實施態樣，在此之前，先根據圖1(a)、(b)、以及圖2說明由複數太陽電池元件連接而成之太陽電池模組。Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the method for connecting solar cell elements of the present invention will be described. Prior to this, a solar cell module in which a plurality of solar cell elements are connected will be described with reference to FIGS. 1(a), (b), and 2; group.
圖1(a)、(b)中，太陽電池元件1，係在125cm見方、厚度200μm的基板2表面形成表面電極3，於其背面形成背面電極4，此外，在與表面電極3同表面側，另形成有2~3列(通常為2列)連接於表面電極3之用來集電之集電電極5。In the solar cell element 1, the surface electrode 3 is formed on the surface of the substrate 2 having a thickness of 125 cm and the surface of the substrate 2 having a thickness of 200 μm, and the back surface electrode 4 is formed on the back surface thereof, and on the same surface side as the surface electrode 3, the solar cell element 1 is formed in Fig. 1 (a) and (b). Further, 2 to 3 columns (usually 2 columns) are formed with the collector electrodes 5 connected to the surface electrodes 3 for collecting electricity.
再者，如圖2所示，太陽電池模組6，係將相鄰太陽電池元件1之一的集電電極5、與另一的背面電極4，沿集電電極5之長方向以引線7連接。在圖2中僅示有二片元件之連接狀態，但一般係將8片~12片程度依序連續的加以連接。Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the solar cell module 6 has the collector electrode 5 of one of the adjacent solar cell elements 1 and the other back electrode 4 along the longitudinal direction of the collector electrode 5 as the lead 7 connection. In Fig. 2, only the connection state of two components is shown, but generally 8 to 12 slices are sequentially connected in series.
此處根據圖3說明本發明之實施態樣。又，在圖3中，為省去圖面之煩雜，僅顯示元件1之輪廓及集電電極之位置，而省略表面電極等。另外，關於下述所說明裝置之噴嘴，亦僅顯示2列集電電極之其中一側，省略另外一側以進行說明。以下之實施態樣亦同。Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIG. Further, in Fig. 3, in order to save the trouble of the drawing, only the outline of the element 1 and the position of the collector electrode are displayed, and the surface electrode or the like is omitted. Further, in the nozzle of the device described below, only one of the two rows of collector electrodes is displayed, and the other side is omitted for explanation. The following implementations are also the same.
如圖3所示，於裝置之輸送帶(未圖示)上，配置如圖1所說明之太陽電池元件1(具有表面電極3與集電電極5、並在背面具有背面電極4)之後，在形成二列之細長的集電電極5的上部配設引線7。接著，為保持該等集電電極5與引線7之相對位置關係，使壓線機構部8之指狀部8A，朝向與引線7(集電電極5)正交的方向延伸，自上方壓住引線7以將其暫時固定。As shown in FIG. 3, after the solar cell element 1 (having the surface electrode 3 and the collector electrode 5 and having the back electrode 4 on the back surface) as shown in FIG. 1 is disposed on a conveyor belt (not shown) of the apparatus, Lead wires 7 are disposed on the upper portion of the elongated collector electrodes 5 forming the two rows. Next, in order to maintain the relative positional relationship between the collector electrode 5 and the lead 7, the finger portion 8A of the crimping mechanism portion 8 is extended in a direction orthogonal to the lead 7 (collector electrode 5), and is pressed from above. The lead 7 is temporarily fixed.
其後，在引線7上，自距離適宜間隔所配設之裝置的複數噴嘴9，從引線7的一端到另一端依序將加熱氣體(加熱空氣)向引線7噴射加熱而使焊料熔融，然後，依序切換為冷卻氣體(冷卻空氣)以將熔融的焊料固化，藉此進行連續或斷續的連接；或者將加熱氣體(加熱空氣)噴射加熱直到焊料熔融之後，在引線7上的一端開始依序切換從噴嘴9將冷卻氣體(冷卻空氣)向引線7噴射冷卻，以固化焊料，熔接引線7與集電電極5。接下來，自上方暫時壓住引線7的指狀部8A後退，完成一連串的連接動作。Thereafter, on the lead wires 7, from the one end of the lead 7 to the other end, the heating gas (heated air) is sequentially sprayed and heated from the one end of the lead 7 to the other end to melt the solder, and then the solder is melted. , sequentially switching to cooling gas (cooling air) to solidify the molten solder, thereby performing continuous or intermittent connection; or heating the heated gas (heated air) until the solder is melted, starting at one end of the lead 7 The cooling gas (cooling air) is spray-cooled from the nozzles 9 to the leads 7 in order to solidify the solder, and the lead wires 7 and the collector electrodes 5 are fused. Next, the finger portion 8A of the lead 7 is temporarily pressed back from the upper side to retreat, and a series of connection operations are completed.
噴嘴9，係採用能以其前端對被覆有焊料之引線7下側部分的焊料進行集中熔融者。另外，供給加熱氣體之後，取代冷卻氣體的供給，而放冷(使之接觸大氣而自然冷卻)亦可。又，藉由將前述並列2列之噴嘴分別當作加熱列與冷卻列並切換使用，以加熱或冷卻引線亦可。再者，圖3僅圖示噴嘴，連結該噴嘴以供給加熱氣體或冷卻氣體的供應管及供給源者皆被省略。The nozzle 9 is formed by concentrating and melting the solder on the lower side of the lead 7 covered with solder at its tip end. Further, after the heating gas is supplied, it may be cooled (it may be brought into contact with the atmosphere and naturally cooled) instead of the supply of the cooling gas. Further, it is also possible to heat or cool the lead by using the nozzles arranged in two rows as the heating column and the cooling column, respectively. In addition, in FIG. 3, only the nozzle is shown, and the supply pipe and the supply source which connect this nozzle to supply a heating gas or a cooling gas are abbreviate|omitted.
如圖4所示，關於本實施態樣，於裝置的輸送帶(未圖示)上設置太陽電池元件1、於集電電極5的上部配設引線7、以及壓線機構部8之指狀部8A延伸而自上方壓住引線7暫時加以固定等方面，係相同於前述實施樣態1的情況。As shown in Fig. 4, in the present embodiment, the solar cell element 1 is disposed on a conveyor belt (not shown) of the apparatus, and the lead wires 7 are disposed on the upper portion of the collector electrode 5, and the fingers of the crimping mechanism portion 8 are provided. The portion 8A is extended and the lead wire 7 is temporarily pressed from above to be fixed, and the like is the same as in the first embodiment.
本實施態様2構成為，在引線7上，配置有一組供給加熱空氣之加熱噴嘴10，以及一組供給冷卻空氣之冷卻噴嘴11。又，自配置於引線7上、且連結於裝置的移動單元(未圖示)之一組加熱噴嘴10與冷卻噴嘴11，向相鄰指狀部8A間的引線7分別供給加熱空氣與冷卻空氣。In the present embodiment, the lead wire 7 is provided with a set of heating nozzles 10 for supplying heated air and a group of cooling nozzles 11 for supplying cooling air. Further, one set of the heating nozzles 10 and the cooling nozzles 11 that are disposed on the lead wires 7 and connected to the moving unit (not shown) of the apparatus are supplied with heated air and cooling air to the leads 7 between the adjacent finger portions 8A. .
首先，藉由來自加熱噴嘴10的加熱空氣，使被覆於引線7的焊料熔融，之後藉由來自冷卻噴嘴11的冷卻空氣使熔融的焊料冷卻固化。把一組的加熱噴嘴10與冷卻噴嘴11當作一單位，沿引線7依序移動並將引線7與集電電極5依序熔接。接著，使引線7上方暫時壓住引線7的指狀部8A後退，完成一連串的連接動作。First, the solder coated on the lead 7 is melted by the heated air from the heating nozzle 10, and then the molten solder is cooled and solidified by the cooling air from the cooling nozzle 11. A group of heating nozzles 10 and cooling nozzles 11 are treated as one unit, sequentially moved along the leads 7, and the leads 7 and the collector electrodes 5 are sequentially welded. Next, the finger portion 8A which temporarily presses the lead 7 above the lead 7 is retracted, and a series of connection operations are completed.
如圖5所示，本實施態樣除取代前述實施態樣2之加熱噴嘴10使用焊槍12之外，其餘皆木同於實施態樣2的情況。As shown in Fig. 5, the present embodiment is the same as the embodiment 2 except that the heating nozzle 10 of the second embodiment is used in place of the welding torch 12.
換言之，該引線7上配設有一組焊槍12及供給冷卻空氣之冷卻噴嘴11，先藉由焊槍12將被覆於引線7上的焊料熔融，再藉由來自冷卻噴嘴11的冷卻氣體，將熔融的焊料冷卻固化以進行連接。In other words, the lead wire 7 is provided with a set of welding torch 12 and a cooling nozzle 11 for supplying cooling air. The solder coated on the lead wire 7 is first melted by the welding torch 12, and then melted by the cooling gas from the cooling nozzle 11. The solder is cooled and solidified to make a connection.
另外，為保持配設於集電電極5上的引線7位置，裝置之壓線機構部8之指狀部8A的數量，在前述實施態樣1、2雖為單側設6支，如圖5所示，指狀部8A的數量單側2支以壓住元件1之兩端位置的兩處亦可。如上述，藉由減少指狀部8A的數目，易於變更焊料間的間距，且容易連續的進行焊接。Further, in order to maintain the position of the lead 7 disposed on the collector electrode 5, the number of the finger portions 8A of the crimping mechanism portion 8 of the apparatus is set to six on one side in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, as shown in the figure. As shown in Fig. 5, the number of the fingers 8A may be two sides on one side to press the two ends of the element 1 at two positions. As described above, by reducing the number of the fingers 8A, it is easy to change the pitch between the solders, and it is easy to perform the welding continuously.
本實施態樣，除將關於前述實施態樣3之冷卻噴嘴11除去僅設置焊槍12之外，皆相同於實施態樣3的情況。In the present embodiment, except for the case where the cooling nozzle 11 of the above-described embodiment 3 is removed and only the welding torch 12 is provided, the same applies to the third embodiment.
換言之，在引線7上配置焊槍12，使其沿著引線7依序移動進行連接，在用焊槍12緊壓並焊接之後的冷卻，係藉空氣冷卻進行。In other words, the welding torch 12 is placed on the lead wire 7 so as to be sequentially moved along the lead wire 7 to be connected, and the cooling after being pressed and welded by the welding torch 12 is performed by air cooling.
以下，列舉實施例以詳述本發明，但本發明當然不僅限於該等實施例。Hereinafter, the examples are described in detail to illustrate the invention, but the invention is of course not limited to the examples.
藉由如圖4所示之連接方法，將太陽電池元件連接。太陽電池元件1，係尺寸125mm x 125mm、厚度200μm之單結晶基板，其電極係使用完成預焊者，另外，引線係使用厚度160μm、寬1.5mm之鍍有無鉛焊料之產品。而且對元件1之引線連接方式，係以串列方式分別在表面及背面進行。條件係加熱空氣溫度510℃，引線連接速度，對125mm的引線長度為3秒。冷卻空氣係室溫30℃，以加熱噴嘴10之加熱起始點開始後延遲0.5秒的模式，進行加熱、冷卻的操作。自加熱起始點預熱0.5秒之後，開始噴嘴單元的行走。The solar cell elements are connected by a connection method as shown in FIG. The solar cell element 1 is a single crystal substrate having a size of 125 mm x 125 mm and a thickness of 200 μm, and the electrode is used to complete the pre-weld, and the lead is a product coated with a lead-free solder having a thickness of 160 μm and a width of 1.5 mm. Further, the wiring connection method of the element 1 is performed on the front surface and the back surface in a tandem manner. The conditions were a heated air temperature of 510 ° C, a wire connection speed of 3 seconds for a 125 mm lead length. The cooling air was subjected to a heating and cooling operation at a room temperature of 30 ° C in a mode in which the heating start point of the nozzle 10 was delayed by 0.5 second. After the preheating of the heating starting point for 0.5 seconds, the walking of the nozzle unit is started.
上述方法連接的結果，對應元件96片的引線連接，元件破裂數為0。另外，元件的翹曲，取中央附近之最大測定值其平均為0.6mm，完全沒有模組化的加工製程或處理時之破損。As a result of the above method connection, the number of pieces of the corresponding element 96 is connected, and the number of element breaks is zero. In addition, the warpage of the element, which takes the maximum measured value near the center, is 0.6 mm on average, and there is no modular processing process or damage during processing.
除在引線全長同時加熱之後再在引線全長同時冷卻之外，其餘相同於實施例1來進行引線之連接。對應96片元件之引線連接，元件破裂的有2片，而且，元件的翹曲度平均為1.8mm，模組化的加工製程或處理時也造成1片破損。The connection of the leads was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the entire length of the leads was simultaneously heated and then cooled simultaneously with the entire length of the leads. Corresponding to the 96-element lead connection, there are two pieces of the element broken, and the warpage of the element is 1.8 mm on average, and one piece of damage is caused by the modular processing process or processing.
藉由如圖5所示的連接方法連接太陽電池元件。亦即，使用與前述實施例1相同的太陽電池元件以及引線，以串列方式分別進行其表面及背面的引線連接。該條件係：焊槍溫度為300℃，引線連接速度為5秒。加熱起始點之預熱時間為0.5秒。此外，冷卻條件以實施例1的情況的同一條件進行。再者，焊槍前端部接觸引線的面，係使用SU－S304之鈦被覆材料。The solar cell elements are connected by a connection method as shown in FIG. That is, the same solar cell elements and leads as in the above-described first embodiment were used, and the front and back surfaces of the solar cell elements and the leads were connected in series. This condition is that the torch temperature is 300 ° C and the lead connection speed is 5 seconds. The warm-up time for the heating start point was 0.5 seconds. Further, the cooling conditions were carried out under the same conditions as in the case of Example 1. Further, the tip end portion of the welding torch is in contact with the surface of the lead, and a titanium coating material of SU-S304 is used.
以上述方法進行連接的結果，連接引線之96片元件中，破損者為0。另外，基板的翹曲取中央附近的最大值平均係0.5mm，完全沒有在模組化加工製程或操作中的破損。As a result of the connection by the above method, among the 96 elements of the connection lead, the damage was 0. In addition, the maximum value of the warpage of the substrate near the center was 0.5 mm, and there was no damage at the time of the modular processing or operation.
如上所述，本發明所提供之連接方法，能大幅減少引線焊接時因熱應力而導致的元件破損，另外，並降低引線所連接之元件的翹曲以避免在模組化加工製程或操作中造成破損，而大幅提升良率。As described above, the connection method provided by the present invention can greatly reduce the damage of the components due to thermal stress during wire bonding, and reduce the warpage of the components to which the leads are connected to avoid the modular processing or operation. Causes damage and greatly increases yield.
此外，困為本發明之連接方法無需使用特殊的引線，使用通常的引線即可，配合上述良率的提升，得以提供廉價的太陽電池模組。In addition, the connection method of the present invention does not require the use of special leads, and the usual lead wires can be used to provide an inexpensive solar cell module in combination with the above-mentioned improvement in yield.
1．．．太陽電池元件1. . . Solar cell component
2．．．基板2. . . Substrate
3．．．表面電極3. . . Surface electrode
4．．．背面電極4. . . Back electrode
5．．．集電電極5. . . Collecting electrode
6．．．太陽電池模組6. . . Solar battery module
7．．．引線7. . . lead
8．．．壓線機構部8. . . Pressure line mechanism
8A．．．指狀部8A. . . Finger
9．．．噴嘴9. . . nozzle
10．．．加熱噴嘴10. . . Heating nozzle
11．．．冷卻噴嘴11. . . Cooling nozzle
12．．．焊槍12. . . Welding torch
圖1(a)係太陽電池元件之俯視圖，圖1(b)係該元件之側視圖。Fig. 1(a) is a plan view of a solar cell element, and Fig. 1(b) is a side view of the element.
圖2係連接複數太陽電池元件以構成太陽電池模組之狀態之側視圖。2 is a side view showing a state in which a plurality of solar cell elements are connected to constitute a solar cell module.
圖3係本發明一實施態樣之立體圖。Figure 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention.
圖4係本發明另一實施態樣之立體圖。Figure 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention.
圖5係本發明另一實施態樣之立體圖。Figure 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention.
圖6係本發明另一實施態樣之立體圖。Figure 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention.
1．．．太陽電池元件1. . . Solar cell component
7．．．引線7. . . lead
8．．．壓線機構部8. . . Pressure line mechanism
8A．．．指狀部8A. . . Finger
9．．．噴嘴9. . . nozzle
Claims (8)
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| JP2004246310A JP3978203B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2004-08-26 | Connection method of solar cell elements |
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| TWI419340B true TWI419340B (en) | 2013-12-11 |
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| JP (1) | JP3978203B2 (en) |
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| WO (1) | WO2006022209A1 (en) |
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| JP2007273830A (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-18 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing solar battery device |
| JP4903021B2 (en) * | 2006-08-28 | 2012-03-21 | 株式会社エヌ・ピー・シー | Tab lead soldering apparatus and soldering method |
| WO2008152678A1 (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2008-12-18 | Eco. & Engineering Co., Ltd. | Solar battery element connecting method and connecting apparatus |
| JP2009059738A (en) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-19 | Kyocera Corp | Method and apparatus for manufacturing solar battery module |
| DE102008037403A1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Jörg NIEMEIER | Method and device for connecting a solar cell to a cell connector |
| DE102008061537A1 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2010-06-10 | Aci-Ecotec Gmbh & Co. Kg | Curing device for photovoltaic thin-film solar cells |
| JP2011088165A (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-05-06 | Nisshinbo Mechatronics Inc | Soldering device and soldering method |
| JP5459841B2 (en) * | 2009-12-11 | 2014-04-02 | 日本アビオニクス株式会社 | Method and apparatus for joining solar cell modules |
| KR101022678B1 (en) | 2010-05-11 | 2011-03-22 | 주식회사 톱텍 | Soldering apparatus for lead frame |
| WO2011151769A2 (en) * | 2010-06-02 | 2011-12-08 | Somont Gmbh | Methods and system for connecting solar cells |
| JP2012064748A (en) * | 2010-09-16 | 2012-03-29 | Nippon Avionics Co Ltd | Method and device for joining solar cell module |
| KR101147165B1 (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-25 | 주식회사 나래나노텍 | A Multi-Dispensing Nozzle for Forming Electrode Patterns of Solar Cell, and An Apparatus for Forming Electrode Patterns of Solar Cell Using the Same |
| JP5541804B2 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2014-07-09 | 日本アビオニクス株式会社 | Soldering method, wiring apparatus and heater tool for solar cell current collecting wiring material |
| KR102187624B1 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2020-12-08 | 주식회사 제우스 | Tabbing apparatus |
| KR102164035B1 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2020-10-13 | 주식회사 제우스 | Tabbing apparatus and controlling method thereof |
| KR102164037B1 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2020-10-13 | 주식회사 제우스 | Multisubstrate processing apparatus |
| CN206003788U (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2017-03-08 | 杰宜斯科技有限公司 | The electric wire rehandling facilities of lap device |
| JP6377697B2 (en) | 2015-10-12 | 2018-08-22 | エルジー エレクトロニクス インコーポレイティド | Device and method for attaching solar cell panel wiring material |
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| JP2004134654A (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-30 | Sharp Corp | Solar cell module manufacturing method |
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| JP3978203B2 (en) | 2007-09-19 |
| JP2006066570A (en) | 2006-03-09 |
| TW200618324A (en) | 2006-06-01 |
| WO2006022209A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
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