JP3978203B2 - Connection method of solar cell elements - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for connecting solar cell elements to form a solar cell module by connecting a plurality of solar cell elements in series and in parallel, and more specifically, even if an ultrathin solar cell element is used, the element The present invention relates to a connection method that can reduce the damage and warpage of the substrate, improve the yield, and provide an inexpensive solar cell element.

  Solar cells are power generation systems that directly convert sunlight, which is inexhaustible and free of environmental pollution, into electrical energy. Rapidly expanding its usage and range of use from residential use to calculators, watches, toys, and other living areas. It is expanding.

  Such a solar cell includes a step of electrically connecting a plurality of solar cell elements by tab lead wires after a solar cell element manufacturing process, and forming the module between a transparent cover material and a protective material. It is manufactured through a process of laminating and sandwiching. In addition, among various solar cells, especially amorphous silicon solar cells and polycrystalline silicon solar cells can be manufactured in a large area and are inexpensive to manufacture, In recent years, development of production technology for modularization and systemization has been further promoted, and from a small power generator of about 3 KW to a large power generator of several hundred KW has been put into practical use.

  On the other hand, under such a background, coupled with an increase in market demand, there is a demand for a significant cost reduction from the market. As one means, the thickness of the element substrate constituting the solar cell is 300 to 500 so far. The target is about 200 microns, which is thinner than micron. In the near future, there is a possibility of targeting about 150 microns, which is thinner than this.

  A solar cell module forming such a power generation device is formed by connecting a plurality of solar cell elements in series and in parallel, and a general connection method by soldering for connecting the elements is adjacent to each other. Solder-attached tab lead wires are brought into close contact with one of the pre-soldered surface-side current collecting electrodes and the other pre-solder-treated back side electrode, and the tab lead wires are heated (welded) and cooled. However, since the portion to be welded at this time is performed all at once over the entire length of the tab lead wire, thermal stress (on the substrate side is mainly caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the element substrate and the tab lead wire. Stress), and in some cases, the element substrate may be cracked or warped, thereby reducing the yield. In addition, this tendency is more likely to appear as the substrate is thinner, and it is required to solve these problems.

  In an attempt to meet the above requirements, for example, a plurality of solar cell elements disposed between a front surface member having permeability and a back surface member and electrically connected to each other by connection tabs (tab lead wires) are sealed. In the solar cell module, the connection tab forms a connection surface with the solar cell element and is separated from each other, and is separated from the connection surface with the solar cell element and connects the plurality of connection portions to each other. There has been proposed a solar cell module including a connecting portion (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

In addition, a plurality of solar cell elements having a back electrode on the back surface and a surface electrode and a collecting electrode on the front surface are provided in parallel, and provided to connect one solar cell element and another adjacent solar cell element in series. In a solar cell module having a strip-shaped connection tab for connecting a collecting electrode of one solar cell element and a back electrode of another adjacent solar cell element, the connection tab can be soldered. There has been proposed a solar cell module in which a plurality of regions and non-solderable regions that cannot be soldered are alternately provided in the longitudinal direction (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-312820 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-280591

  However, the connection tabs in the technique described in Patent Document 1 are separated from each other and have a plurality of connection portions having a flat surface for forming a connection surface with the solar cell elements, and these connection portions are connected to the solar cell elements. An element generated due to a difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between the connection tab and the solar cell element by reducing the area of the connection surface by having a connecting portion connected away from the connection surface However, since the heating and cooling of the connection tab are simultaneously heated over the entire length of the connection tab and simultaneously cooled over the entire length of the connection tab, The occurrence of breakage and warping is unavoidable, and there is a problem that the yield is reduced due to breakage due to handling and pressurization in each process of modularization.

  Also, the connection tab is not a mere flat tab lead wire covered with solder, as is commercially available, but a special structure in which a plurality of connecting portions sandwiched between the connecting portions are bent. Therefore, it is necessary to form it with high accuracy so as not to be disconnected from the bending portion or to maintain the strength of this portion, and the cost is inevitably increased.

  Moreover, the technique described in Patent Document 2 is an improvement of the technique described in Patent Document 1, and can be soldered in place of the connection tab having the connection portion and the connection portion in Patent Document 1 so that soldering is possible. Apply connection tabs that have multiple areas and non-solderable areas that cannot be soldered in the longitudinal direction, thereby preventing the generation of thermal stress on the board and preventing damage to the board It is what.

  In other words, the connection tab of the invention described in Patent Document 2 masks a place where the solder adheres to a thin copper foil serving as a base at a plurality of locations, and then heat resistant resin or the like to which the solder does not adhere. After surface treatment with chrome plating, etc., masking is removed and pre-solder is applied to make the connection surface only where the pre-solder is applied, thereby easily reducing the connection area. In addition, since no mechanical processing is performed, there is no portion where the mechanical strength is reduced, and by intermittently connecting the connection tab to the solar cell element, the heat of the substrate generated during soldering can be obtained. Stress can be reduced and damage to the substrate can be suppressed.

  However, even in the technique described in Patent Document 2, since heating and cooling of the connection tab are performed simultaneously over the entire length of the connection tab, the occurrence of breakage and warpage is inevitable, and the connection tab is manufactured. However, a special connection tab that requires a lot of man-hours, such as masking or surface treatment, is used, which inevitably increases costs.

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention solves the above-described problems of the prior art, and does not use expensive and special connection tabs as in the past, and is a flat standard solder that is an inexpensive standard product that is commercially available. A tab lead wire can be used, and unnecessary thermal stress is not generated in the solar cell element, cracking or warping of the element is prevented, the yield of the solar cell element is improved, and an inexpensive solar cell element connection method is provided. The purpose is to do.

In order to achieve the above object, claim 1 of the present invention is a tab lead wire in which a front surface electrode and a collecting electrode are provided on the front surface, and a solar cell element having a back surface electrode on the back surface is coated with solder on both surfaces of electrolytic copper. When electrically connecting by soldering, the solder is locally melted while moving the unit operation in which the heating means and the cooling means are arranged close to each other on the tab lead wire, and then quickly solidified locally. Thus , the content of the connection method of the solar cell elements is characterized in that the connection is made continuously or intermittently over the entire length of the tab lead wire .

  Claim 2 of the present invention includes the method for connecting solar cell elements according to claim 1, wherein the heating means is an infrared lamp, heated gas, or heated iron.

  Claim 3 of the present invention includes the method for connecting solar cell elements according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cooling means is gas, liquid or solid.

  A fourth aspect of the present invention includes the method for connecting solar cell elements according to the third aspect, wherein the gas is air.

  Claim 5 of the present invention includes the method for connecting solar cell elements according to claim 3, wherein the liquid is ethanol.

Claim 6 of the present invention, the nozzle disposed at appropriate intervals on the tab lead line, after supplying successively heated gas to the nozzle, the solar cell element of sequential 請 Motomeko 1, wherein you supply cooling gas The connection method is the content.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, a pair of heating nozzles and cooling nozzles are arranged on the tab lead wire, a heating gas is supplied to the heating nozzles, and a cooling nozzle is supplied to the heating nozzles while supplying a cooling gas. The method for connecting solar cell elements according to claim 1 , wherein a cooling nozzle is moved on the tab lead wire.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, a heating iron and a cooling nozzle are arranged on the tab lead wire, heated by the heating iron, and the heating iron and the cooling nozzle are moved on the tab lead wire while supplying a cooling gas to the cooling nozzle . A method for connecting solar cell elements according to claim 1 is described.

In forming a solar cell module, the present invention provides a tab lead wire in which the collector electrode on the surface of one solar cell element and the back electrode of the other element adjacent thereto are coated with solder on both surfaces of electrolytic copper. by soldering, heating means and cooling means are arranged close to move the unit operation consisting, after the locally melt the solder of the tab lead wire, by welding and connection by Rukoto promptly turn into solid In addition, it is possible to prevent generation of unnecessary thermal stress on the element, prevent cracking and warping of the element, and greatly improve the yield .

  The reason why such an effect is achieved by the present invention is that the solder is not heated and cooled simultaneously over the entire length of the lead wire as in the prior art, but after the solder is locally heated and melted, it is quickly cooled locally. As a result of the welding operation, the lead wire portion that has once expanded due to heating is immediately cooled, so that it contracts and locally expands and contracts to maintain a balance, which is formed continuously or intermittently over the entire length of the lead wire. Therefore, it is considered that even when the lead wire is cooled to room temperature, the thermal stress is suppressed or alleviated, and cracks and warpage are reduced.

  In addition, since the tab lead wire used in the present invention can be a flat standard solder tab lead wire that is a commercially available inexpensive standard product, it is possible to realize a large cost reduction.

The present invention provides a solar cell element by providing a surface electrode on a surface of an element substrate, a current collecting electrode provided to collect current perpendicular to the surface electrode, and a back electrode on the back surface, and one of adjacent elements. When the solar cell module is formed by electrically connecting the current collecting electrode and the other back electrode by soldering the tab lead wire coated with solder on both sides of the electric copper, the entire length of the tab lead wire is simultaneously Instead of heating and cooling, the solder is locally melted while moving the unit operation in which the heating means and the cooling means are arranged close to each other on the tab lead wire, and then quickly solidified locally . The tab lead wires are connected continuously or intermittently by continuously forming local melting and solidification of solder.

The tab lead wire used in the present invention may be a normal one, for example, use a standard product that is commercially available and is coated with solder on both sides of electric copper having a flat shape and a width of 1.5 mm and a thickness of 0.16 mm. Can do.
The heating means in the present invention may be any of an infrared lamp, a heating gas, a heating iron, etc., and the cooling means is a gas such as air, a liquid such as water or ethanol, a copper rod having good thermal conductivity, or the like. Any of solid etc. may be sufficient. The tab lead wires may be welded continuously or intermittently (spot-like). In the case of intermittent welding, when the length of the tab lead wire is, for example, about 125 to 155 mm, it is usually welded at about 3 to 16 locations.

  Although the connection method of the present invention is preferably performed by an automatic device, the tab lead wire is connected to each solar cell element by a semi-automatic device, and these elements are connected to each other (usually about 8 to 12 sheets). ) Can also be done manually.

In the case of continuously or intermittently moving the unit operation and cooling means and the heating means tab lead line is arranged close, the starting point is usually that the tab lead line from one end of to move to the other end Although it is preferable in terms of workability, the present invention is not limited to this, and an arbitrary position on the tab lead wire may be used as a starting point.

  Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the solar cell element connection method of the present invention will be described. Prior to that, a solar cell module and a solar cell module formed by connecting a plurality of such elements are shown in FIGS. ) And FIG.

  1 (a) and 1 (b), as a solar cell element 1, a surface electrode 3 is formed on the surface of a substrate 2 having a dimension of approximately 125 mm square and a thickness of approximately 200 microns, and a back electrode 4 is formed on the back surface. At the same time, two or three rows, usually two rows, of current collecting electrodes 5 connected to the surface electrode 3 and collecting current are formed on the same surface side as the surface electrode 3.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, as the solar cell module 6, the tab lead wire along the longitudinal direction of the current collecting electrode 5 is connected to one current collecting electrode 5 adjacent to the solar cell element 1 and the other back surface electrode 4. 7 is connected. Although FIG. 2 shows a state in which two elements are connected, generally, about 8 to 12 elements are sequentially connected.

Embodiment 1
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, only the outline of the element 1 and the position of the current collecting electrode are shown, and the surface electrode and the like are omitted in order to avoid the complexity of the drawing. In addition, the nozzles of the apparatus described below will be described by showing only one side of the collecting electrodes formed in two rows and omitting the other side. The same applies to the following embodiments.

  As shown in FIG. 3, on the conveyor belt (not shown) of the apparatus, the surface electrode 3 and the current collecting electrode 5 described in FIG. 1 and the solar cell element 1 having the back electrode 4 on the back surface are set. After that, the tab lead wire 7 is disposed on the upper part of the elongated current collecting electrode 5 formed in two rows. Subsequently, in order to maintain the relative positional relationship between the current collecting electrode 5 and the tab lead wire 7, the finger portion 8A of the lead wire pressing mechanism portion 8 extends from a direction orthogonal to the tab lead wire 7 (current collecting electrode 5). Then, the tab lead wire 7 is temporarily fixed so as to be pressed from above.

  Thereafter, a heating gas (heated air) is sequentially jetted and heated from one end to the other end of a plurality of nozzles 9 arranged on the tab lead wire 7 at appropriate intervals. Then, the solder is melted and then sequentially switched to a cooling gas (cooling air) to solidify the melted solder and connect continuously or intermittently or until the solder melts on the tab lead wire 7 (heating air) ) Is spray-heated on the tab lead wire 7 from one end to the cooling gas in order, and cooling gas (air) is jet-cooled from the nozzle 9 toward the tab lead wire 7 to solidify the solder and collect it with the tab lead wire 7. The electrode 5 is welded. Subsequently, the finger portion 8A temporarily pressed from above the tab lead wire 7 is retracted, and a series of connection operations is completed.

As the nozzle 9, a nozzle devised so as to intensively melt the solder of the lower portion of the tab lead wire 7 whose tip is covered with solder can be used . Also, it may be heated cooling tab lead lines by the respective heating column the nozzle 2 Retsunami設cooling column switch between them. In FIG. 3, only the nozzle is shown, and the supply tube and the supply source of the heating gas and the cooling gas connected to the nozzle are omitted.

Embodiment 2
As shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, the solar cell element 1 is set on the conveyor belt (not shown) of the apparatus, and the tab lead wire 7 is disposed on the upper side of the collecting electrode 5. And the finger part 8A of the lead wire pressing mechanism 8 is extended and temporarily fixed in a state where it is pressed from above the tab lead wire 7, as in the case of the first embodiment.

  In the second embodiment, a set of heating nozzles 10 for supplying heated air and cooling nozzles 11 for supplying cooling air are arranged on the tab lead wire 7. Then, the tab lead wire 7 between adjacent finger portions 8A is heated from a set of heating nozzle 10 and cooling nozzle 11 disposed on the tab lead wire 7 and connected to a moving unit (not shown) of the apparatus. Air and cooling air are configured to be supplied separately.

  First, the solder coated on the tab lead wire 7 is melted by the heated air from the heating nozzle 10, and then the molten solder is cooled and solidified by the cooling air from the cooling nozzle 11. The pair of heating nozzle 10 and cooling nozzle 11 as a unit sequentially welds the tab lead wire 7 and the current collecting electrode 5 while moving on the tab lead wire 7 sequentially. Subsequently, the finger portion 8A temporarily pressed from above the tab lead wire 7 is retracted, and a series of connection operations is completed.

Embodiment 3
As shown in FIG. 5, this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 2 except that a heating iron 12 is used instead of the heating nozzle 10 in Embodiment 2 described above.
That is, a set of heating irons 12 and a cooling nozzle 11 for supplying cooling air are arranged on the tab lead wire 7, and the solder covered on the tab lead wire 7 is first melted by the heating iron 12, and then the cooling nozzle 11 is a method in which the melted solder is cooled and solidified by cooling air from No. 11.
In order to hold the tab lead wire 7 disposed on the current collecting electrode 5 in that position, the number of the finger portions 8A of the lead wire holding mechanism portion 8 in the apparatus is the same as in the first and second embodiments. Although six are provided on one side, as shown in FIG. 5, the number of finger portions 8 </ b> A may be two on one side so as to hold down only two positions at both ends of the element 1. Thus, by reducing the number of finger portions 8A, it is easy to change the soldering pitch, and it is also easy to continuously solder.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is explained in full detail, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not restrict | limited only to this Example.

Example 1
The solar cell elements were connected by the connection method shown in FIG. As the solar cell element 1, a single crystal substrate having an outer dimension of 125 mm × 125 mm and a thickness of 220 microns is used, and the electrodes are pre-soldered, and the tab lead wire is a lead-free solder plated product having a thickness of 160 microns and a width of 1.5 mm. Was used. In addition, the tab lead wire to the element 1 was performed separately by the tandem method. The conditions were such that the temperature of the heated air was 510 ° C., and the tab lead wire attachment speed was 3.0 seconds for a 125 mm tab lead wire length. The cooling air was 30 ° C. at room temperature, and the heating / cooling operation was performed in a pattern with a 0.5 second delay starting from the heating start point of the heating nozzle 10. At the heating start point, the nozzle unit started running after preheating for 0.5 seconds.
As a result of connection by the above method, the cracking of the element was zero with respect to the tab lead wiring of 96 elements. Further, the warpage of the element was an average of 0.6 mm as the maximum measured value near the center, and there was no damage during the modularization process or handling.

Comparative Example 1
Tab lead wires were connected in substantially the same manner as in Example 1 except that the entire length of the tab lead wire was heated at the same time and then cooled at the same time over the entire length of the tab lead wire. In contrast to the 96 tab lead wires, the cracks of the elements were two, and the warpage of the elements was an average of 1.8 mm, and one was damaged during the modularization process and handling.

Example 2
Solar cell elements were connected by the connection method shown in FIG. That is, using the same solar cell element and tab lead wire as in Example 1 described above, tab lead wires were attached separately on the front and back sides in a tandem manner. As conditions, the heating iron temperature was 300 ° C., and the tab lead wire attaching speed was 5 seconds. The preheating time at the heating start point was 0.5 seconds. The cooling conditions were the same as in Example 1. Further, a SUS304 titanium coating material was used on the surface of the heating iron that contacts the tab lead wire at the tip.
As a result of connection by the above method, the crack was zero with respect to the tab lead attachment of 96 elements. Further, the warpage of the substrate was 0.5 mm on average at the maximum value near the center, and there was no damage during the modularization process or handling.

  As described above, according to the connection method of the present invention, the damage of the element due to the thermal stress when soldering with the tab lead wire is greatly reduced, and the warp of the element connected with the tab lead wire is processed into a module. It can be reduced to the extent that damage during the process and handling can be avoided, and the yield is greatly improved.

  In addition, since the connection method of the present invention does not require a special tab lead wire and a normal tab lead wire can be used, an inexpensive solar cell module can be provided in combination with the improvement in the yield.

(A) It is a top view of a solar cell element. (B) It is a side view of the element. It is a side view which shows the state which connects a several solar cell element and forms a solar cell module. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the other embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the other embodiment of this invention .

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solar cell element 2 Board | substrate 3 Front surface electrode 4 Back surface electrode 5 Current collecting electrode 6 Solar cell module 7 Tab lead wire 8 Lead wire holding | maintenance mechanism part 8A Finger part 9 Nozzle 10 Heating nozzle 11 Cooling nozzle 12 Heating iron

Claims (8)

When electrically connecting a solar cell element having a surface electrode and a collecting electrode on the front surface and a back surface electrode on the back surface by soldering a tab lead wire coated with solder on both surfaces of the electric copper, on the tab lead wire, The solder is locally melted while moving the unit operation in which the heating means and the cooling means are arranged close to each other, and then solidified quickly, thereby continuously or intermittently over the entire length of the tab lead wire. A method for connecting solar cell elements, comprising: connecting to a solar cell element.   The method for connecting solar cell elements according to claim 1, wherein the heating means is an infrared lamp, heated gas, or heated iron.   The method for connecting solar cell elements according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cooling means is gas, liquid or solid.   The method for connecting solar cell elements according to claim 3, wherein the gas is air.   The method for connecting solar cell elements according to claim 3, wherein the liquid is ethanol.   The method for connecting solar cell elements according to claim 1, wherein a nozzle is disposed on the tab lead wire at an appropriate interval, a heating gas is sequentially supplied to the nozzle, and then a cooling gas is sequentially supplied.   A set of heating nozzle and cooling nozzle is arranged on the tab lead wire, heating gas is supplied to the heating nozzle, and the heating nozzle and cooling nozzle are moved on the tab lead wire while supplying cooling gas to the cooling nozzle. The method for connecting solar cell elements according to claim 1.   The solar cell element according to claim 1, wherein a heating iron and a cooling nozzle are arranged on the tab lead wire, heated by the heating iron, and the heating iron and the cooling nozzle are moved on the tab lead wire while supplying a cooling gas to the cooling nozzle. Connection method.

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