TWI404803B - 用於還原含金屬氧化物之熔渣或玻璃及/或使礦物熔體除氣之方法以及用於實行該方法之裝置 - Google Patents
用於還原含金屬氧化物之熔渣或玻璃及/或使礦物熔體除氣之方法以及用於實行該方法之裝置 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI404803B TWI404803B TW95103402A TW95103402A TWI404803B TW I404803 B TWI404803 B TW I404803B TW 95103402 A TW95103402 A TW 95103402A TW 95103402 A TW95103402 A TW 95103402A TW I404803 B TWI404803 B TW I404803B
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 14
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 26
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910003439 heavy metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960005191 ferric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000722270 Regulus Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009856 non-ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/08—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces heated otherwise than by solid fuel mixed with charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/021—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by induction heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/173—Apparatus for changing the composition of the molten glass in glass furnaces, e.g. for colouring the molten glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/225—Refining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/10—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
- C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
- C21C5/567—Manufacture of steel by other methods operating in a continuous way
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/12—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
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- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/21—Arrangements of devices for discharging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/06—Induction heating, i.e. in which the material being heated, or its container or elements embodied therein, form the secondary of a transformer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/0025—Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
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- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/10—Charging directly from hoppers or shoots
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
- F27D99/0006—Electric heating elements or system
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Description
本發明係有關於用於還原含金屬氧化物之熔渣或玻璃及/或使礦物熔體除氣之方法,以及用於實行該方法之裝置,乃包括用於固態或熔融態材料之進料口與用於經處理熔體之流出口。
粉塵和熔渣,特別是廢棄的熔渣、鋼熔渣與由非鐵冶金和無機技術所衍生之熔渣,皆含有許多金屬氧化物,若為鋼熔渣則熔渣中含有大量之重金屬氧化物。為了降低此種不想要之金屬氧化物,特別是氧化鉻、氧化釩、氧化鉬、氧化鎢、氧化鈷、氧化錳、氧化鉛和氧化鋅,已提出將液態熔體進料至適當之還原金屬浴,尤其是含有游離碳做為還原劑之鐵浴,並使該經還原之金屬轉變成金屬熔塊(regulus)。然而,考量該方法之經濟層面,大部分例子中,為了能利用熔體之顯熱(sensible heat),多直接使用起始材料做為熔體。關於所有此類氧化還原反應,熔渣將進一步與金屬浴達到平衡,由於此平衡條件,重金屬氧化物將不會完全地還原,而是以低於分析偵測極限的方式存在。此尤其適用於氧化鉻,該氧化鉻通常仍以超過1000ppm的量存在於經還原的熔塊中。
此法可用來製造玻璃,尤其是無色之玻璃熔體,由於金屬氧化物會給予該玻璃個別的顏色,所以即使重金屬氧化物極微量,亦將從該玻璃熔體移除。當加工玻璃或玻璃熔體時,按常理進一步需要澄清劑(fining)以做可靠地移除,甚至也在還原過程中形成細微的氣泡,都只是為了除去金屬氧化物。只有在相應地高溫,與相應地低黏度熔體以及相當低之金屬浴濃度,才可使氣體排出。
本發明目的在提供初始時所界定種類之方法,藉由該方法,在特別簡易與經濟之方式下,不僅固態物質就連熔體皆可大量地脫除重金屬氧化物,尤其可同時除去許多重金屬氧化物,使重金屬氧化物下降至偵測極限以下,以確保製程過程中所進料或形成之熔體的完全除氣或澄清。
為了達到此一目的,根據本發明之方法基本上在於:將固態粒子與/或熔體進料於至少部分經感應加熱之床或含有團塊狀焦炭之管柱,並收集流出之經還原和/或經除氣之熔體。相較於燃燒碳載體之例子,因為含有團塊狀碳載體之管柱或床為至少部分地經感應加熱,因此可藉由焦炭獲得實質上較高之溫度。再者,因為碳實際上不與燃燒產物達熱平衡,尤其是CO與CO2
,所以該等灼熱管柱或灼熱焦炭床之特徵為實質上較高的氧化還原電位。若固態粒子進料於該等含有經高度加熱之圍塊狀焦炭的管柱或床,將立即發生個別之熔融過程,同時引發所欲之金屬氧化物還原作用。同樣本然地施用在已熔融材料的進料,藉此方式,反應僅能在薄層反應器觀察到且同時適當地實施,原因在於:因為團塊狀焦炭的包裹,所以使得原位(in-situ)形成之熔體或進料之熔體開始與相當薄層之灼熱焦炭接觸。尤其當使用玻璃熔體時,將特別需要此等用於熔體之快速與可靠的除氣或澄清之支配。
因此,根據本發明之方法基本上須使用經高度加熱之灼熱團塊狀焦炭,其加熱係至少部分地經由感應產生。若氣體鼓入該等含有焦炭之感應加熱床或感應加熱管柱,則符合較佳之操作模式,該床之氧化還原電位有廣大的可控制範圍。鼓入含氧之氣體造成灼熱碳載體之不完全燃燒,因而形成CO與CO2
,藉此使氧化還原電位相應地減少,故該操作模式僅可使較貴重之金屬從其金屬氧化物中還原,而較不貴重之金屬仍留在熔體中。同時,為了使管柱或床的各別區域中之揮發物質再冷凝,除了調整氧化還原電位外,亦可供應氣體以使溫度改變。特定簡單形式之床的溫度可藉由使用簡單且相對小結構之反應器在感應加熱期間改變電力輸入來控制,以使得整個製程控制考量大量不同的參數。在相應地高溫下,可以特定簡易之方法還原鉻和釩,其中,由於該灼熱的碳載體,因此視需要形成之碳化物將藉由還原反應轉變成金屬熔塊,並因而轉變成金屬熔體。
整體而言,已顯示鉻和釩皆可藉由通過灼熱的焦炭管柱進行還原反應而從礦物熔體還原,其中鉻和釩仍以僅低於偵測極限的量存在於礦物熔體中,且其中該焦炭管柱係藉由感應加熱來調控溫度。藉由還原反應所形成之一氧化碳,可能造成管柱頂端的再燃(afterburning),同時在藉由CO燃燒所建立之CO/CO2
平衡下,將視需要導致所形成的鋅氧化成氧化鋅,因此直接提供從經濟學觀點來看易於利用之產品。若Zn蒸氣在高於Zn冷凝點之溫度下隨著CO脫除,則可藉由在進料槽上所提供之燃料槽中預熱焦炭以使Zn自燃料槽(bunker)脫除而作為流出熔體。
為了降低氧化還原電位,根據本發明方法之較佳進一步發展,係以鼓入含氧氣體為較佳之進行方式。另外,若要影響起始處之床或管柱的溫度,當然可引入惰性氣體、CO2
和/或H2
O蒸氣和/或Cx
Hy
蒸氣。由於考量到該相當薄層,玻璃粒子或玻璃熔體較佳可直接進料於該灼熱焦炭上,以確保在相應地高溫下根據本發明方法之過程中,玻璃熔體的快速除氣或澄清。基本上,由於藉由該氧化作用產物之熱解離來避免冷卻效應,因此含有團塊狀碳載體之經感應加熱的床或管柱將快速地達到2000℃及以上之溫度。使用如上述之團塊狀材料以確保氣體與液態熔體有所欲之通透率(permeability)。
再者,尤其有利地是了解影響焦炭床或焦炭管柱之溫度的方法,該方法係使該感應電流之頻率隨著該感應線圈之效能區域中經熔融與經還原之熔融態材料之量的增加而降低。此方法中,考慮到熔渣熔體在金屬浴還原期間解離並顯現漸增之較高電傳導性,因而係以漸減之頻率熱耦合。例如,為了分別維持散逸能(dissipated energy)及熔體熱(melt heat),可隨著熔渣解離自50kHz之頻率開始降低至約20kHz,而且在金屬浴之區域中降低至低於10kHz。
根據本發明之裝置,為了使金屬氧化物還原與/或使熔體除氣,係裝配固態或熔融態材料之進料口與經處理熔體之流出口。根據本發明,此類型裝置基本上之特徵為容納焦炭之管狀或通道狀外罩,以及在該外罩周圍且包括至少一個感應線圈之加熱工具。為了調整氧化還原電位或局部冷卻,該結構較佳地係設計成使氣體供應管連接至外罩。在特定之簡單方法中,可將該結構設計成使管狀外罩包含電絕緣材料(例如Al2
O3
)或至少一種電絕緣箔,並由冷卻之感應線圈包圍。該電絕緣箔可由例如抗高溫紙箔形成,其機械性支持(mechanical support)最初是由一般水冷式感應線圈提供。當饋入熔融態材料或形成熔體時,該電絕緣箔係快速地以熔渣或熔體表層披覆,由於該感應線圈相應地冷卻,因此該管柱之機械穩定性乃實質地經改良,同時完全地除去難熔材料之問題。
該團塊狀焦炭可在進料於管狀外罩前已經預熱,且可在相應地高消耗量下連續地再進料。此一方面,該結構有利地設計成使團塊狀焦炭之進料導槽開至管狀外罩。
為了易於改變床或管柱區域之溫度,該結構係有利地設計成使該管狀外罩軸向之感應線圈細分為數個區域,其中,係提供該管狀外罩之軸向連續區域個別之溫度量測工具與/或電力輸入量測工具,且藉由調整電力和/或要鼓入之氣體和/或氣體體積來控制各個區域之溫度。
為了利用熔體進料期間形成之熱燃燒氣體,尤其是CO之顯熱,來預熱焦炭及濃縮可能形成之氣態金屬蒸氣,係有利地提供預熱區。為了此一目的,該結構係有利地設計成使浸沒於焦炭床或焦炭管柱而以焦炭包圍之管子排列於該管狀外罩之內部,以便與該固態粒子或熔渣熔體或玻璃進料工具相連接。
接下來,本發明將經由根據本發明裝置之例示具體實例來詳細解釋,其係以圖式做說明。此處第1圖說明含有焦炭管柱之反應器的結構;第2圖描述含有加熱焦炭床之導槽形式之改良之反應器結構;及第3圖顯示根據第1圖進一步改良之反應器的截面圖。
第1圖中,焦炭的進料燃料槽以1標示,其中,焦炭係經由劑量柱塞(dosing plunger)2射出至反應器3,反應器之軸以4表示。在注射處或進料導槽的區域中,可見感應線圈5,焦炭係經由感應線圈預熱。然而在此區域中,焦炭亦可藉由燃燒氧之氣化方式預熱。焦炭床團塊6與經由進料通道10(於本文中亦有稱為“通道10”)饋入之預熔渣或熔渣熔體以感應線圈7、8和9加熱。經此通道10,可本然地將相應之團塊狀材料進料至相應之高度加熱焦炭床,該材料隨後在焦炭床或焦炭床團塊中熔融。舉例而言,當進料預熔渣熔體時,可自存在熔融態熔渣之任何過程發生該焦炭管柱之溫度實質上與熔渣熔體之溫度一致。經由環狀通道11,可注入氣體,尤其是氧,以一方面改變氧化還原電位,另一方面影響溫度。因此,可透過軸向長度,亦即反應器之軸4的縱向,來調整氧化還原梯度與溫度梯度,以使不含鐵-氧化物、不含重金屬氧化物之熔渣與金屬於熔渣流出口12之區域流出,以致於此處亦將不再發生難熔之問題。反應器3之外罩的壁13可由簡單的耐熔箔形成,該外罩在熔融與熔體跑出期間遭熔體噴濺到,因而提供適當之熔渣或熔體表層。線圈7、8和9設計成水冷式之銅導體,維護壁的個別冷卻,於是形成熔渣與熔體表層之沉積。經由流出口12跑出的材料,到達前爐18,在前爐中可藉由沈降作用將該熔渣與金屬分離,熔渣流出口記為14,而金屬流出口記為15。
原則上,反應器的軸4可垂直地定向,以允許反應器管柱或灼熱焦炭管柱形成。然而,如第2圖所說明般地顯而易知,該焦炭反應器亦可設計成具有斜軸,且在焦炭團塊16之上有各別的氣體空間17。此結構中,氣體亦可經由環狀通道11以不同橫切面注入,以致於能經由反應器的軸向長度以及線圈7、8與9之各別電源控制,來調整氧化還原梯度與溫度梯度。關於斜向設置之反應器,將如上述提供適當的氣體空間17,該結構之獨特優點為存在大量親氣(atmosphilic)重金屬,亦即金屬在還原狀態下蒸發。
第3圖中,再次說明垂直向設置之反應器3及其軸4。經由螺桿19,將從燃料槽20跑出之焦炭注入反應器3。經由浸漬於焦炭6中之管子21從餵槽(tundish)23進料熔體22。從腔室24蒸發之材料在管子21周圍之焦炭管柱的上部冷凝,或倘若仍為氣態(例如,CO)則用做為焦炭之預熱。其次是記為9之感應線圈,其與前爐18相連,該金屬熔塊與熔渣可分開地自前爐流出。可透過煙囪25萃取金屬蒸氣。
所有反應器皆具有金屬熔體之良好預分離作用與透過金屬熔體之良好的焦炭粒子覆蓋範圍。還原之熔渣熔體,較佳為仍保留在焦炭床之表面上,且亦由於金屬熔體與熔渣最主要具有不同黏度與不同密度,因此可從該金屬-熔體特別有利地分離熔渣相。通常,熔渣熔體具有高黏度,因此比低黏度者更適切地黏著於該焦炭床,所以更容易使金屬熔體流動。
進料結束時之再燃,基本上可將CO氧化成CO2
,藉由加熱進料之媒炭(the feeding of fossil heat)使效能增加。此例中之焦炭床表面覆蓋有熔渣熔體,以使Buoduar反應大量地被抑制。整體而言,利用灼熱焦炭床來進行實質上較高程度之直接還原作用,將達到使金屬氧化物與碳反應以形成液態金屬與一氧化碳。相對於間接還原作用,該直接還原作用沒有CO2
的產生(CO2
可能造成不想要的再熔渣或再氧化作用),尤其在V與Cr之例子中,主要是因為各別的CO2
/CO分壓。
再者,該焦炭床中所形成之金屬熔體,係藉由焦炭床來滲碳與/或在金屬浴池中形成可溶之碳化物(例如金屬鐵、釩、鉻或鎢之碳化物)。原則上,可從熔渣中減少鉻至60ppm以下,甚至於是使用相當短的焦炭管柱。
一般而言,可使用不同來源之液態熔渣,其皆可以上述之簡單方式還原氧化鐵、氧化磷、氧化鋅、氧化鉛、氧化鎂、氧化銅、氧化釩、氧化鉻。熔渣還原作用本身為吸熱,因此需要個別提供熱,或提供電能至焦炭床反應器。因為焦炭良好的電傳導性,故達到高能量效能。值得注意的是灼熱焦炭之還原電位隨著溫度的增加而升高,但金屬的氧親合性卻隨著溫度的增加而降低,因而導致了優良之還原效能。
1...燃料槽
2...劑量柱塞
3...反應器
4...軸
6...圍塊狀焦炭
5、7、8、9...感應線圈
10...進料通道
11...環狀通道
12...熔渣流出口
13...外罩的壁
14...熔渣流出口
15...金屬流出口
16...焦炭團塊
17...氣體空間
18...前爐
19...螺桿
20...燃料槽
21...管子
22...熔體
23...餵槽
24...腔室
25...煙囪
第1圖為含有焦炭管柱之反應器的結構;第2圖為含有加熱焦炭床之導槽形式之改良之反應器結構;以及第3圖為根據第1圖改良之反應器的截面圖。
1...燃料槽
2...劑量柱塞
3...反應器
4...軸
6...團塊狀焦炭
5、7、8、9...感應線圈
10...進料通道
11...環狀通道
12...熔渣流出口
13...外罩的壁
14...熔渣流出口
15...金屬流出口
18...前爐
Claims (13)
- 一種用於還原含金屬氧化物之熔渣或玻璃及/或使礦物熔體除氣之方法,包括將固態粒子及/或熔體進料於至少部分經感應加熱之含有團塊狀焦炭之床或管柱,以及收集流出之經還原及/或經除氣之熔體,其中,感應電流之頻率係隨著感應線圈之效能區域中經熔融與經還原之熔融態材料之量的增加而降低。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中,該床或管柱之氧化還原電位係藉由鼓入氣體來調控,且該床或管柱之溫度係藉由改變電力輸入及鼓入氣體來調控。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法,其中,該鼓入之氣體為含氧氣體。
- 一種用於還原含金屬氧化物之熔渣或玻璃及/或使礦物熔體除氣之方法,包括將固態粒子及/或熔體進料於至少部分經感應加熱之含有團塊狀焦炭之床或管柱,以及收集流出之經還原及/或經除氣之熔體,其中,係將玻璃粒子或玻璃熔體進料於灼熱焦炭。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中,感應電流之頻率係隨著感應線圈之效能區域中經熔融與經還原之熔融態材料之量的增加而降低。
- 一種用於還原含金屬氧化物之熔渣或玻璃及/或使礦物熔體除氣之裝置,包括用於固態或熔融態材料之進料口(1)以及用於經處理熔體之流出口(12),該裝置之特徵為用於容納團塊狀焦炭(6)之管狀或通道狀外罩(3),以 及在該外罩(3)周圍且包括至少一個感應線圈(7、8、9)之加熱工具,以及設置於該管狀外罩(3)內部之浸漬於焦炭床或焦炭管柱而以焦炭包圍之管子,以使得該管子與該固態粒子或熔渣熔體或玻璃進料工具相連接。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之裝置,復包括,連接至該外罩(3)之氣體進料管(11)。
- 如申請專利範圍第6或7項之裝置,其中,該管狀外罩(3)係包括電絕緣材料,或至少電絕緣箔,並且由冷卻之感應線圈(7、8、9)包圍。
- 如申請專利範圍第6或7項之裝置,復包括,開通至該管狀外罩(3)之團塊狀焦炭之進料導槽。
- 如申請專利範圍第6或7項之裝置,其中,該感應線圈(7、8、9)係設計為延著該管狀外罩(3)之軸向細分為數個區域。
- 如申請專利範圍第6或7項之裝置,復包括,提供於該管狀外罩(3)軸向連續區域之個別溫度量測工具及/或電力輸入量測工具,且藉由調整電力及/或要鼓入之氣體及/或氣體體積而可控制各個區域之溫度。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之裝置,其中,該電絕緣材料包含Al2 O3 。
- 一種用於還原含金屬氧化物之熔渣或玻璃及/或使礦物熔體除氣之方法,包括將固態粒子及/或熔體進料於至少部分經感應加熱之含有團塊狀焦炭之床或管柱,以及收集流出之經還原及/或經除氣之熔體,其中,該床或 管柱之氧化還原電位係藉由鼓入氣體來調控,且該床或管柱之溫度係藉由改變電力輸入及鼓入氣體來調控。
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AT452005 | 2005-01-27 |
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US (1) | US7905940B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1841699B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2008528256A (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE397568T1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0606874A2 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE502006000880D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2307280T3 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI404803B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006079132A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (13)
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DE502007004434D1 (de) | 2007-01-19 | 2010-08-26 | Patco Engineering Gmbh | Verfahren zur reduktion von oxidischen schlacken aus stäuben sowie induktiv beheizbarer ofen zur durchführung dieses verfahrens |
AT505368A1 (de) * | 2007-05-21 | 2008-12-15 | Patco Engineering Gmbh | Verfahren zum aufarbeiten von metalloxidhältigen stäuben oder schlacken sowie vorrichtung zur durchführung dieses verfahrens |
AT507262B1 (de) * | 2008-08-27 | 2011-04-15 | Sgl Carbon Se | Verfahren zum aufarbeiten von festen oder schmelzflüssigen stoffen |
DE102009042449A1 (de) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-03-31 | Sgl Carbon Se | Verfahren und Reaktor zur Aufbereitung von kohlenstoffhaltigem Schüttgut |
AT509593B1 (de) | 2010-11-15 | 2011-10-15 | Sgl Carbon Se | Verfahren zum aufarbeiten von organischen abfallstoffen |
KR101341178B1 (ko) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-12-13 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 제강 슬래그로부터 유가금속을 환원하는 방법 및 이로부터 얻어진 시멘트 클링커 |
US10356852B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2019-07-16 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche Spa | Plant and method for melting metal materials |
DE102014226117B4 (de) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-08-18 | Sgl Carbon Se | Vorrichtung zum Reduzieren von schmelzflüssigen Einsatzstoffen |
US11459626B2 (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2022-10-04 | American Iron And Steel Institute | Flash ironmaking drop tube furnace system |
US11912608B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 | 2024-02-27 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Glass manufacturing |
CN112251549B (zh) * | 2020-11-26 | 2024-08-09 | 南京鹏昆环保科技有限公司 | 一种分离钢水和钢渣的炼渣炉及分离方法 |
AT524054B1 (de) | 2021-02-23 | 2022-02-15 | Radmat Ag | Verfahren zum Verarbeiten einer nichtmetallischen Schmelze |
AT524580B1 (de) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-07-15 | Alfred Edlinger Dipl Ing | Verfahren zum Abtrennen von elementarem Phosphor aus Eisenoxid-haltigen und Phosphat haltigen Stoffen |
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- 2006-01-19 US US11/794,527 patent/US7905940B2/en active Active
- 2006-01-19 AT AT06701055T patent/ATE397568T1/de active
- 2006-01-19 ES ES06701055T patent/ES2307280T3/es active Active
- 2006-01-19 EP EP06701055A patent/EP1841699B1/de active Active
- 2006-01-19 BR BRPI0606874-0A patent/BRPI0606874A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-01-19 JP JP2007552457A patent/JP2008528256A/ja active Pending
- 2006-01-19 DE DE200650000880 patent/DE502006000880D1/de active Active
- 2006-01-27 TW TW95103402A patent/TWI404803B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1841699A1 (de) | 2007-10-10 |
ATE397568T1 (de) | 2008-06-15 |
WO2006079132A1 (de) | 2006-08-03 |
BRPI0606874A2 (pt) | 2009-07-28 |
JP2008528256A (ja) | 2008-07-31 |
US20090266200A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
DE502006000880D1 (de) | 2008-07-17 |
ES2307280T3 (es) | 2008-11-16 |
EP1841699B1 (de) | 2008-06-04 |
US7905940B2 (en) | 2011-03-15 |
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