TWI396833B - 決定熔渣層介面之裝置 - Google Patents

決定熔渣層介面之裝置 Download PDF

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TWI396833B
TWI396833B TW096100274A TW96100274A TWI396833B TW I396833 B TWI396833 B TW I396833B TW 096100274 A TW096100274 A TW 096100274A TW 96100274 A TW96100274 A TW 96100274A TW I396833 B TWI396833 B TW I396833B
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measuring head
disposed
carrier
oscillator
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TW200734610A (en
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Johan Knevels
Guido Cappa
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Heraeus Electro Nite Int
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
    • B22D2/003—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass for the level of the molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F27D21/0028—Devices for monitoring the level of the melt
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/24—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid
    • G01F23/241—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of resistance of resistors due to contact with conductor fluid for discrete levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/26—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring variations of capacity or inductance of capacitors or inductors arising from the presence of liquid or fluent solid material in the electric or electromagnetic fields
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C2005/5288—Measuring or sampling devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Description

決定熔渣層介面之裝置
本發明係關於一種用於決定熔融金屬頂部上熔渣層之至少一介面的裝置，該裝置具有一載管，在該載管之一末端上配置有一量測頭，該量測頭較佳具有一固定於該載管內之圓柱形主體且該圓柱形主體之端面背離該載管。
(例如)自DE 36 41 987 A1已知類似之裝置。此處，將感應線圈配置於載管內，從而決定鋼熔化物頂部上之熔渣高度。自DE 44 02 463 A1已知使用第一電磁感應器及第二感應器一起來確定熔渣厚度。此外，自WO 98/14755號已知用於量測熔渣厚度之感應器，其中借助於光纖來量測該熔渣。根據DE 31 33 182 C1，借助於由電壓變化引起之短路來決定金屬爐浴面。JP 2003049215號揭示藉由使用兩個感應線圈決定熔渣厚度。自WO 03/060432 A1已知用於量測熔渣層之厚度之另一設備。此處，描述了在感應器內使用可消耗之電子量測組件，其中來自感應器之信號無線傳輸至分析台。亦已知藉由微波來決定熔渣厚度(US 5,182,565)。
本發明之一潛在目標為獲得經改良之量測裝置，藉由該裝置可極為準確地量測位於熔融金屬頂部上之熔渣層。
該目標係藉由獨立項之特徵而達成。在附屬項中規定較佳實施例。在量測頭內，一印刷電路板(或電路框架或另一設備，其經設計以容納電組件)係配置有一振盪器，且一與該振盪器相連接之感應線圈配置於量測主體外部及其端面之前方。藉此可極為準確地決定(例如)熔渣與位於其下方之熔融鋼之間的介面，因為感應線圈(其至少在下游連接有經合適準確調整之電子電路)極為準確地偵測到自熔渣至導電熔融金屬之過渡的變化，且一對應信號變化極為準確地與兩材料之過渡相耦合。介面位準與量測頭之下降率有關(其中量測自移動初始至信號變化的時間)或直接與固定至載管之量測頭的位置變化(位置量測行為)有關，以使得可毫無疑問地決定感應線圈在信號變化之時間點處的準確位置。信號以饋入穿過噴槍且與分析設備相連接之信號線而經由接觸片以習知方式相連接。該噴槍為習知載運噴槍，用於量測之載管附著於其上，且在量測期間藉由其來固持載管。
感應線圈之信號變化僅在距熔融金屬約1 cm或更小距離時開始，以使得最大可能程度地避免環境影響(諸如干擾)。振盪器之振盪最初係藉由感應線圈靠近金屬而衰減，且接著藉由將感應線圈浸入金屬中而完全抑制。合適之信號可(例如)經由電晶體而傳輸作為臨限值。
有利地，藉由附著至量測頭之主體的保護鞘而至少橫向地封閉感應線圈，其中保護鞘可由紙板、陶瓷或熔融石英製得。進而保護感應線圈使其免受熔渣效應之影響。保護鞘可由一層紙板、紙或在直接高於熔渣層之溫度或於熔渣層溫度內易燃的另一材料而封閉於其外表面上。此層藉由其燒盡而最大可能程度地防止熔渣與保護鞘之黏著。
為了達成可能的最準確量測，保護鞘之直徑應達感應線圈直徑之至多6倍，較佳不超過3倍且最佳不超過2倍。感應線圈與振盪器之間的距離應至多為5 cm，較佳不超過3 cm，以使得可最小化環境之干擾。電阻器可配置於印刷電路板上，且接觸片可配置於位於載管內之量測頭末端處以電連接量測頭與經導引穿過載管之噴槍，其中電阻器與接觸片之至少一接點相連接。如自身被熟習此項技術者所熟習的，進而可在兩個接點之間產生互連(例如，短路)以使得與噴槍相連接之分析設備辨識出量測頭具有一用於決定介面之感應線圈，且資料輸出以合適之方式發生。此確保可使用標準噴槍，例如溫度感應器之其他已知感應器可出於進行其他量測之目的而附著至該標準噴槍上。藉由標準化接觸片之尺寸，電阻器可保證辨識附著至噴槍之感應器類型。
有利地，爐浴接點配置於量測頭之主體的外部、其端面之前方，該爐浴接點係由載管及連接穿過其之噴槍而接地。此爐浴接點允許額外決定熔渣層與位於其頂部上之氣體層之間的介面，因為只要爐浴接點觸碰熔渣(在正常情況下，熔渣自身通常接地)便發生短路。進而，可決定熔渣之上介面以及下介面，且因此可計算熔渣層之厚度。
另一優點在於：與振盪器連接之A/D(類比/數位)轉換器配置於印刷電路板上。該A/D轉換器方便地與信號線相連接以進一步傳輸量測信號，其中A/D轉換器可與配置於印刷電路板上之接觸點中的一者相連接，其中信號線連接至該接觸點。A/D轉換器亦有利地具有一電源線。
若量測頭具有一與A/V轉換器之信號輸出端及電源線電相連接之接觸片，且若該接觸片與插入載管中之噴槍相連接且至少一信號線及至少一電源線(該等線在一末端處與接觸片相連接且在另一末端處與量測或分析設備相連接)配置於該噴槍內，則可自感應器另外傳輸量測信號作為數位信號，以使得基本上消除由環境所引起之電干擾。以此方式僅在極短距離上傳輸類比信號，其中電源啟用該等類比信號以毫無問題地起作用。
在保護鞘背離載管之末端處，配置一覆蓋物(該覆蓋物較佳由在熔融鋼溫度時可消耗的材料製得，尤其由紙或紙板製得)以保護感應線圈免受熔渣損害係明智的。覆蓋物燃燒且進而在短期內產生氣體空間，該氣體空間在傳遞穿過熔渣層期間防止熔渣之黏著。
在根據本發明之裝置中，原則上將所有電子量測組件建構為一次性使用之材料，其與量測頭以及載管一起在一次性使用之後被丟棄。量測頭可載運額外感應器，例如氧氣感應器、光學感應器或溫度感應器，該等感應器可與電子分析電路以習知方式經由接觸片而連接。
圖1中所說明之量測頭1具有圓柱柄2，其插入載管(未圖示)中直至載管碰觸量測頭1之凸緣3的邊緣為止。進而，經界定之定位係可能的。感應線圈4直接配置於凸緣3之前方、量測頭1之外部。感應線圈4係由保護鞘5(由紙板或熔融石英製得)橫向封閉，該保護鞘5可在其外表面上具有一紙板層(未圖示)。保護鞘之直徑為感應線圈直徑的約兩倍。
在保護鞘之外端面上，配置由紙板製得之覆蓋層16。線圈4由包裹有銅線之鐵氧體磁心6形成。其連接至印刷電路板7，該印刷電路板7具有一包括振盪器及A/D轉換器之電路8。印刷電路板7進一步具有電阻器9。電阻器連接至兩個接觸端子10、10'，該等端子接著連接至接觸片11。在接觸片上配置一噴槍，該噴槍之信號線連接至接觸片11之接觸端子，且因此詳言之連接至接觸端子10、10'。進而致能對電阻之偵測，以使得可以技術量測監視該量測頭以作為用於決定一(或多個)介面之裝置。
在習知載管尺寸之邊界內的量測頭1為習知大小的情況下，感應線圈4與整合於電路8中之振盪器之間的距離僅為約2 cm，以使得實際上排除環境影響。量測頭之內部空穴12以及保護鞘5之內部係填充有水泥，以使得由水泥來封閉、穩定及保護所有感應器技術組件。感應線圈4之浸入末端覆蓋有約2 mm至4 mm厚之水泥層。
在保護鞘5之前方，於浸入方向配置爐浴接點13，其位於沿量測頭1之外部處且經由按壓至量測頭1之接觸片11上的噴槍而接地。只要爐浴接點13藉由降低裝置而與熔渣層相接觸，短路便發生，該短路可由電腦或分析設備14(圖2)加以偵測。在進一步降低裝置期間，只要感應線圈4極為接近地(約1 cm)靠近熔融金屬之導電表面且當進一步降低至熔融金屬中時停止，電路8中之振盪器之振盪便強烈地衰減。可由電晶體偵測到此衰減，以使得對應電壓波動可與熔渣熔融金屬介面有關。兩個信號(爐浴接點之短路與振盪器之振盪的衰減)之間的差異進而直接與裝置在向下移動期間的對應位置有關，且自位準差計算熔渣層之厚度。
圖2中示意性表示之信號線15、15'將信號自電路8傳導至電腦或分析設備14。此等信號線15、15'配置於習知噴槍內且經由接觸片11而與量測頭1接觸。在同一噴槍中，此等信號線15、15'亦可因此經由另一量測頭(例如，具有熱元件)之接觸片而與另一量測裝置相連接。另外的線亦可經導引穿過此噴槍，以使得額外配置於量測頭1上之另外感應器(例如熱元件、電化學或光學感應器)可與電腦或分析設備14相連接，以使得可同時進行另外之量測。另外，量測頭或載管中之取樣腔室之另外配置係可能的。
1‧‧‧量測頭
2‧‧‧圓柱柄
3‧‧‧凸緣
4‧‧‧感應線圈
5．．．保護鞘
6．．．鐵氧體磁心
7．．．印刷電路板
8．．．電路
9．．．電阻器
10．．．接觸端子
10'．．．接觸端子
11．．．接觸片
12．．．內部空穴
13．．．爐浴接點
14．．．電腦或分析設備
15．．．信號線
15'．．．信號線
16．．．覆蓋層
圖1為量測頭之示意性表示；及圖2為具有電路配置之量測頭。
1．．．量測頭
2．．．圓柱柄
3．．．凸緣
4．．．感應線圈
5．．．保護鞘
6．．．鐵氧體磁心
7．．．印刷電路板
8．．．電路
9．．．電阻器
10．．．接觸端子
10'．．．接觸端子
11．．．接觸片
12．．．內部空穴
13．．．爐浴接點
16．．．覆蓋層

Claims (13)

  1. 一種用於決定一熔融金屬頂部上之一熔渣層之至少一介面的裝置，該裝置包括一載管，在該載管之一末端上配置有一具有一主體之量測頭，該主體附著於該載管中，其端面背離該載管，該裝置之特徵在於一振盪器配置於該量測頭之內部，且一與該振盪器相連接之感應線圈配置於該主體之外部、其端面之前方。
  2. 如請求項1之裝置，其特徵在於該感應線圈係由一固定於該主體上之保護鞘至少橫向地封閉。
  3. 如請求項2之裝置，其特徵在於該保護鞘由紙板、陶瓷或熔融石英製得。
  4. 如請求項2或3之裝置，其特徵在於該保護鞘係由一層紙板、紙或另一易燃材料而封閉於其外側上。
  5. 如請求項2或3之裝置，其特徵在於該保護鞘之直徑為該感應線圈之直徑的至多6倍，較佳不超過3倍。
  6. 如請求項1之裝置，其特徵在於該感應線圈與該振盪器之間的距離為至多5 cm，較佳不超過3 cm。
  7. 如請求項1之裝置，其特徵在於一電阻器安裝於一配置在該量測頭內部之印刷電路板上，在該印刷電路板上可配置該振盪器，且一接觸片配置於該量測頭之末端上，該量測頭配置於該載管內，該接觸片具有接觸端子以電連接該量測頭與一經導引穿過該載管之噴槍，藉以使該電阻器與該接觸片之至少一接觸端子相連接。
  8. 如請求項1之裝置，其特徵在於一爐浴接點配置於該量測頭之該主體的外部及其端面之前方。
  9. 如請求項1之裝置，其特徵在於一與該振盪器相連接之A/D轉換器配置於該量測頭內，較佳配置於該印刷電路板上。
  10. 如請求項9之裝置，其特徵在於該A/D轉換器與一信號線相連接以傳輸量測信號。
  11. 如請求項9之裝置，其特徵在於該A/D轉換器與一接觸點相連接，詳言之與一配置於該印刷電路板上之接觸點相連接，該信號線連接至該接觸點。
  12. 如請求項9之裝置，其特徵在於該A/D轉換器具有一電源線。
  13. 如請求項2之裝置，其特徵在於一覆蓋物配置於該保護鞘之背離該載管的末端上，該覆蓋物較佳由一可在熔融鋼溫度時消耗的材料製得，尤其係由紙或紙板製得。
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DE102010025562A1 (de) * 2010-02-18 2011-08-18 SMS Siemag AG, 40237 Injektorkühlblock zur Halterung mindestens eines Injektors
PL2564173T3 (pl) * 2010-04-30 2019-10-31 Agellis Group Ab Wykonywanie pomiarów w naczyniach metalurgicznych
DE102013002389A1 (de) * 2013-02-13 2014-08-14 Minkon GmbH Steckersystem, Messkopf, Kontaktstück, Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Temperatur und einer elektromotorischen Kraft sowie Signalleitungsvorrichtung
KR101577809B1 (ko) * 2014-08-18 2015-12-16 우진 일렉트로나이트㈜ 용융금속 내 슬래그 두께 측정이 가능한 복합 프로브
EP3026431A1 (de) * 2014-11-27 2016-06-01 Primetals Technologies Austria GmbH Mess- und Probeentnahmelanze, ein Verfahren sowie eine Ablagevorrichtung zum Einlegen einer Mess- und Probeentnahmelanze
CN110230975B (zh) * 2019-06-20 2021-01-12 武汉钢铁有限公司 一种钢铁熔渣层厚度测量装置
CN220507939U (zh) * 2022-06-28 2024-02-20 维苏威耐火材料有限公司 测量枪

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RU2425335C2 (ru) 2011-07-27
AU2007200059B2 (en) 2008-07-17
TW200734610A (en) 2007-09-16
EP1813919A1 (de) 2007-08-01
KR20070078385A (ko) 2007-07-31
JP2007199067A (ja) 2007-08-09
UA96118C2 (ru) 2011-10-10
AU2007200059A1 (en) 2007-08-09
ES2381579T3 (es) 2012-05-29
DE102006003950A1 (de) 2007-08-30
RU2007103074A (ru) 2008-07-27
US7876095B2 (en) 2011-01-25
CA2572772A1 (en) 2007-07-26
ATE548635T1 (de) 2012-03-15
US20070176334A1 (en) 2007-08-02
KR101252864B1 (ko) 2013-04-09
BRPI0700209B1 (pt) 2017-03-28
BRPI0700209A (pt) 2007-11-06
CN101029842A (zh) 2007-09-05
EP1813919B1 (de) 2012-03-07
CA2572772C (en) 2013-12-10
JP4758361B2 (ja) 2011-08-24
CN101029842B (zh) 2014-11-05
ZA200700697B (en) 2009-12-30

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