TWI392508B - 腫瘤標靶胜肽及其於檢測及治療癌症之用途 - Google Patents
腫瘤標靶胜肽及其於檢測及治療癌症之用途 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/585—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with a particulate label, e.g. coloured latex
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- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
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- C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57484—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer involving compounds serving as markers for tumor, cancer, neoplasia, e.g. cellular determinants, receptors, heat shock/stress proteins, A-protein, oligosaccharides, metabolites
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Description
本發明係有關對腫瘤細胞具有標靶能力的胜肽,以及利用該等胜肽,於檢測腫瘤細胞及治療癌症之用途。
癌症治療法欲達到主要的目的之一,即為將足量的藥物傳遞至標靶腫瘤,同時盡量減少對正常組織的傷害。惟大部分的化療劑於體內會任意的進入各組織,其對腫瘤位置並無特異性。到達腫瘤之化療劑劑量可能僅為囤積於正常器官劑量的5%-10%(Bosslet等人,1998,Elucidation of the mechanism enabling tumor selective prodrug monotherapy,Cancer Res58
,1195-1201)。原因之一為固體腫瘤中之間質液體壓力(interstitial fluid pressure;IFP)高於正常組織,因此造成化療劑或抗癌抗體進入腫瘤組織之跨微血管(transcapillary)傳送降低(Heldin等人,2004,High interstitial fluid pressure-an obstacle in cancer therapy,Nat Rev Cancer4
,806-813;Jain,R.K.,1987,Transport of molecules in the tumor interstitium:a review,Cancer research47
,3039-3051;及Wu等人,2006,Targeted-therapy for cancer,Journal of Cancer Molecules2
,57-66)。因此,相較於正常細胞,暴露於癌細胞之有效濃度反而更低,故造成對身體其他部位的毒性反應高於所欲達到之治療效果。基於此現象,為避免嚴重的傷害,往往限制了可投予病患之抗癌藥物劑量,而造成抗腫瘤的反應不完全、疾病的提早復發及抗藥性的產生。
目前藥物投遞系統之發展皆致力於如何增進改進抗癌藥物的選擇性及有效性。相較於傳統化療劑的投遞方法,以脂肪或聚合物為基礎之奈米藥物具有增進細胞毒性藥物之醫藥及治療功效之優點(Vasey等人,1999,Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of PK1[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer doxorubicin]:first member of a new class of chemotherapeutic agents-drug-polymer conjugates,Cancer Research Campaign Phase I/II Committee. Clin Cancer Res 5,83-94;及Allen,T.M.與Cullis,P.R.,2004,Drug delivery systems:entering the mainstream. Science303
,1818-1822)。基於小分子化療劑對正常組織具有強烈的毒性,大部分的小分子化療劑以靜脈內投藥後所分布的面積雖廣大(Speth 等人,1988,Clinical pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin,Clinical pharmacokinetics15
,15-31),但其治療窗(therapeutic window)卻很窄。藉由將藥物包囊於藥物傳遞顆粒(如脂質體),分布面積即會明顯降低,且腫瘤中之藥物濃度亦會增加(Drummond等人,1999,Optimizing liposomes for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to solid tumors,Pharmacol Rev51
,691-743)。
Allen等人(1991,Liposomes containing synthetic lipid derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol)show prolonged circulation half-lives in vivo,Biochimica et biophysica acta1066
,29-36)、Papahadjopoulos等人(1991,Sterically stabilized liposomes:improvements in pharmacokinetics and antitumor therapeutic efficacy,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A88
,11460-11464)及Senior等人(1991,Influence of surface hydrophilicity of liposomes on their interaction with plasma protein and clearance from the circulation:studies with poly(ethylene glycol)-coated vesicles,Biochimica et biophysica acta1062
,77-82)發現PEG化脂質體於血液中具有半衰期長之優點,故被認為是具有高度潛力的藥物投遞系統。例如,於臨床前實驗(Colbern等人,1999,Significant Increase in Antitumor Potency of Doxorubicin Hcl by its Encapsulation in Pegylated Liposomes,Journal of Liposome Research9
,523-538;Papahadjopoulos等人(1991)及Vaage等人,1994,Tissue distribution and therapeutic effect of intravenous free or encapsulated liposomal doxorubicin on human prostate carcinoma xenografts,Cancer73
,1478-1484)及臨床實驗(Allen,T.M.與Cullis,P.R.,2004)之結果發現經脂質體包囊的多索比新(doxorubicin)可明顯地增進多索比新的醫療指數。許多此類藥物投遞系統已在臨床上使用,且顯示藉由此類系統可改進經其投遞藥物的藥物動力及藥效(Allen,T.M.與Cullis,P.R.,2004)。
固態腫瘤的生長係依賴其誘發血管生成的能力,以提供腫瘤細胞生長所需之氧氣及養分。然而,該等腫瘤的血管具有別於正常組織之特定特徵,包括大量的血管新生作用、易漏的血管結構、淋巴引流減少及細胞表面上滲透性調節體之表現增加(Brigger等人,2002,Nanoparticles in cancer therapy and diagnosis,Adv Drug Deliv Rev54
,631-651及Wu等人,2008,Anti-angiogenic therapeutic drugs for treatment of human cancer,Journal of Cancer Molecules4
,37-45)。此等特徵可用於癌症的抗-血管新生標靶療法之開發。例如,腫瘤血管構造的高滲透性即為使經脂質體傳遞化療藥劑成功之關鍵因子。腫瘤內的新生血管具有估計平均大小為100-600nm的孔洞(Hashizume等人,2000,.Openings between defective endothelial cells explain tumor vessel leakiness,The American journal of pathology156
,1363-1380)。此等孔洞顯然大於正常血管上內皮細胞之間隙(一般寬度<6nm)(Drummond等人,1999,Optimizing liposomes for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to solid tumors,Pharmacol Rev51
,691-743)。因此經由靜脈投予直徑約為65-75nm的脂質體,能因其體積較小而可被動地通過腫瘤血管進入腫瘤組織,同時又因其較正常內皮細胞之間隙大而無法進入正常組織中(Lee等人,2007,Peptide-mediated targeting to tumor blood vessels of lung cancer for drug delivery,Cancer research67
,10958-10965;Lee等人,2004,A novel peptide specifically binding to nasopharyngeal carcinoma for targeted drug delivery,Cancer Res64
,8002-8008;及Lo等人,2008,Hepatocellular carcinoma cell-specific peptide ligand for targeted drug delivery,Mol Cancer Ther7
,579-589)。於固態腫瘤中,由於組織血管的滲透性增加,而使脂質體微粒可溢出並停留於組織間隙中(Hashizume等人,2000,Openings between defective endothelial cells explain tumor vessel leakiness,American Journal of Pathology.156,1363-1380)。尚且,腫瘤組織通常缺乏有效的淋巴引流,因此可促進脂質體的滯留(Jain,R.K.,1987,Transport of molecules in the tumor interstitium:a review,Cancer research47
,3039-3051)。經由上述因子的組合,可導致藥物傳遞脂質體累積於腫瘤內。此種被動標靶現象稱為"增進滲透性及滯留性效果(enhanced permeability and retention(EPR)effect)"(Maeda等人,2000,Tumor vascular permeability and the EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics:a review,J Control Release65
,271-284;及Matsumura與Maeda,1986,A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy:mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs,Cancer research46
,6387-6392)。
然用於被動標靶的脂質體具有某些缺點。若脂質體進入正常器官,則會使包囊於其中之藥物累積於肝臟、脾臟及骨髓中的單核吞噬系統細胞而產生毒性(Harrington等人,2001,Effective targeting of solid tumors in patients with locally advanced cancers by radiolabeled pegylated liposomes,Clin Cancer Res 7,243-54)。同時,隨著脂質體微粒循環時間的增加,血液毒性(如嗜中性白血球減少症、血小板減少症及白血球減少症)亦會顯現(Al-Batran等人,2006,The clinical benefit of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with conventional anthracyclines,a multicentre phase II trial. Br J Cancer94
,1615-1620;及Matsumura等人,2004,Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of MCC-465,a doxorubicin(DXR)encapsulated in PEG immunoliposome,in patients with metastatic stomach cancer,Ann Oncol15
,517-525)。目前的研究偏向於藉由將脂質體與可標靶腫瘤細胞表面分子(Lee等人,2004;及Park等人,2002,Anti-HER2 immunoliposomes:enhanced efficacy attributable to targeted delivery,Clin Cancer Res8
,1172-1181)及可標靶腫瘤血管表面分子(Lee等人,2007;及Pastorino等人,2003,Doxorubicin-loaded Fab' fragments of anti-disialoganglioside immunoliposomes selectively inhibit the growth and dissemination of human neuroblastoma in nude mice,Cancer Res63
,86-92)的配位體連結,以增加脂質體對腫瘤位置的特異性。此種脂質體稱為活化或配位體媒介標靶脂質體。
噬菌體展現的組合庫已被成功地用於發現細胞表面結合胜肽,也因此而成為鑑定腫瘤特異性標靶配位體的卓越工具。噬菌體展現胜肽庫已被用於鑑定B細胞抗原決定基(Scott與Smith,1990,Searching for peptide ligands with an epitope library,Science249
,386-390;Wu等人2003,Identification of a dengue virus type 2(DEN-2)serotype-specific B-cell epitope and detection of DEN-2-immunized animal serum samples using an epitope-based peptide antigen,J Gen Virol84
,2771-2779;及Chen等人,2007,Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against dengue virus type 1 for epitope mapping and serological detection by epitope-based peptide antigens,Clin Vaccine Immunol14
,404-411)。噬菌體展現胜肽庫亦被用於尋找疾病特異性抗原擬物(Folgori等人,1994,A general strategy to identify mimotopes of pathological antigens using only random peptide libraries and human sera,Embo J13
,2236-2243;及Liu等人,2004,Disease-specific B Cell epitopes for serum antibodies from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)and serologic detection of SARS antibodies by epitope-based peptide antigens,J Infect Dis190
,797-809)及腫瘤血管特異性胜肽(Arap等人,1998,Cancer treatment by targeted drug delivery to tumor vasculature in a mouse model,Science279
,377-380)。因此,篩選針對特定標靶組織的噬菌體展現庫,即成為用於鑑定可用作藥物標靶或基因傳遞之胜肽序列的直接而快速的方法。藉由將腫瘤特異性胜肽與藥物投遞系統組合,即可使用標靶配位體分子而讓標靶脂質體能遞送多達數千個抗癌藥物至腫瘤細胞。
因此,針對標靶配位體分子的尋找及開發,即為發展抗癌技術的重要課題。
本發明之目的之一,係提供可標靶腫瘤細胞之胜肽。
本發明之另一目的,係提供可用於標記腫瘤細胞的腫瘤標靶共軛物。
本發明之另一目的,係提供可用於治療癌症的腫瘤標靶共軛物。
本發明之另一目的,係提供含有本發明腫瘤標靶共軛物,而可用於治療癌症的醫藥組合物。
本發明之另一目的,係提供利用本發明腫瘤標靶共軛物檢測腫瘤之方法。
本發明之另一目的,係提供含有本發明胜肽及報導劑,而可用於檢測腫瘤細胞的套組。
本發明之另一目的,係提供含有本發明腫瘤標靶共軛物,而可用於檢測腫瘤細胞的套組。
以下在本文中所使用的術語具備其原始意涵,並可進一步在本說明書全文當中為讀者所理解。
本發明中「胜肽」乙詞係指長度比蛋白質短之胺基酸聚合物,其可包括天然胺基酸及非天然胺基酸。胜肽可包括D-胺基酸、D-和L-胺基酸之組合、以及各種「設計」或「合成」胺基酸(如,β-甲基按基酸、Cα-甲基胺基酸和Nα-甲基胺基酸等)來轉讓特定的性質。任何已知的非典型胺基酸均可使用。胺基酸類似物和擬肽可被併入胜肽當中,以誘發或協助產生特定的二級結構。
本發明胜肽的長度可高達50個(如12至50、12至35或30個)胺基酸,且具有SEQ ID NOs:2-7所示之胺基酸序列或與上述胺基酸序列之任一者具有至少90%一致性之變體,較佳為至少95%一致性,且更佳為至少97%、98%或99%一致性。本發明所稱序列"一致性"意謂,當諸如藉由使用如由程式GAP或BESTFIT來比較胺基酸序列所得之結果,且在此一致性下,該胜肽仍保有標靶腫瘤細胞之能力。該變體可包括將一或多個(如一或二個)胺基酸插入(insertion)、加入(addition)、缺失(deletion)或取代(substitution)的變化。有關本發明胜肽之製備,可參考中華民國第200833355號公開發明專利案。
本發明中「腫瘤標靶共軛物」乙詞係指本發明之胜肽與一或多個報導劑/抗癌藥物直接或透過連接子(linker)(如聚乙二醇(PEG)),藉由本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所周知的技術共軛結合之物質;或者,藉由本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所周知的技術,將一或多個報導劑/抗癌藥物包囊於載體(vehicle)(如脂質體)中,再將載體與本發明之胜肽共軛結合之物質。
本發明中「報導劑」乙詞係指可產生可偵測訊息之標記物。該標記物包括,但不限定為放射性同位素或放射性核素(如122
I、123
I、124
I、125
I、131
I、18
F、75
Br、76
Br、77
Br、211
At、225
Ac、177
Lu、153
Sm、186
Re、188
Re、64
Cu、67
Cu、212
Bi、213
Bi、212
Pb、67
Ga、90
Y、99
mTc、111
In、137
Cs、223
Ra、241
Am和244
Cm)、螢光標記(如FITC、若丹明和鑭系磷光體)、酶標記(如蟲螢光素(luciferin)和水母發光蛋白(aequorin,綠色螢光蛋白))、辣根過氧化物酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、螢光素酶和鹼性磷酸酶、過氧化酶、鹼性磷酸酶、β-半乳糖酶和其類似物)、螢光放射金屬(如152
Eu或其他鑭系金屬)、電化學發光化合物、化學發光化合物(如光敏靈luminal)、異光敏靈(isoluminol)或吖啶鎓鹽(acridinium salt))、專一性結合分子(如磁性粒子、微球(microsphere)、奈米球(nanosphere))及生物素。
本發明中「抗癌藥物」乙詞係指可抑制或預防腫瘤細胞生長及/或引起腫瘤細胞破壞之物質。該術語意欲包括放射性同位素(例如,At211
、I131
、I125
、Y90
、Re186
、Re188
、Sm153
、Bi212
、P32
及Lu放射性同位素)、化療劑及毒素(諸如細菌、真菌、植物或動物器官之小分子毒素或酶活性毒素)或其片段。
"化療劑"係在癌症治療中有用之化合物。化療劑之實例包括烷基化劑(諸如塞替派(thiotepa)及環磷醯胺(CYTOXANTM
));烷基磺酸酯(諸如白消安(busulfan)、英丙舒凡(improsulfan)及哌泊舒凡(piposulfan));伸乙亞胺(諸如苯多巴(benzodopa)、卡波醌(carboquone)、美托多巴(meturedopa)及瑞多巴(uredopa));伸乙基亞胺及甲基蜜胺(包括六甲蜜胺、三伸乙基蜜胺、三伸乙磷醯胺、三亞乙基硫代磷醯胺及三羥甲基三聚氰胺;氮芥(諸如苯丁酸氮芥、萘氮芥、氯磷醯胺、雌莫司汀(estramustine)、異環磷醯胺、二氯甲基二乙胺、二氯甲基二乙胺氧化氫氯化物、美法侖(melphalan)、諾門畢勤(novembichin)、膽甾醇對苯乙酸氮芥、潑尼莫司汀(prednimustine)、曲洛磷胺(trofosfamide)、烏拉莫司汀(uracil mustard);硝蘇瑞(nitrosurea)(諸如卡氮芥(carmustine)、吡葡亞硝脲、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、尼莫司汀(nimustine)、雷莫司汀(ranimustine));抗生素(諸如艾克美森(aclacinomysin)、放線菌素、奧斯美森(authramycin)、重氮乙醯絲氨酸、博萊黴素(bleomycin)、放線菌素C、卡奇黴素(calicheamicin)、凱瑞美森(carabicin)、洋紅黴素、嗜癌菌素、色黴素、放線菌素D、道諾黴素(daunorubicin)、多索比星、地托比星(detorubicin)、6-重氮基-5-酮基-L-正亮胺酸、阿黴素、表柔比星(epirubicin)、依索比星(esorubicin)、黃膽素、麻西羅黴素(marcellomycin)、絲裂黴素、黴酚酸、諾拉黴素(nogalamycin)、橄欖黴素、培洛黴素(peplomycin)、它弗黴素(potfiromycin)、克必隆(puromycin)、奎蘭黴素(quelamycin)、羅多比星(rodorubicin)、鏈黑菌素、鏈脲黴素、殺結核菌素、烏苯美司(ubenimex)、淨司他丁(zinostatin)、佐柔比星(zorubicin));抗代謝物(諸如甲氨喋呤及5-氟脲嘧啶(5-FU));葉酸類似物(諸如迪諾特寧(denopterin)、甲胺喋呤、蝶羅呤(pteropterin)、三甲曲沙(trimetrexate));嘌呤類似物(諸如氟達拉賓(fludarabine)、6-巰基嘌呤、賽艾普因(thiamiprine)、硫鳥嘌呤);嘧啶類似物(諸如環胞苷、阿紮胞苷(azacitidine)、6-氮尿苷、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷、二脫氧尿苷、去氧氟尿苷、依諾他賓(enocitabine)、氟脲嘧啶、5-FU);雄性激素(諸如二甲睪酮、丙酸甲雄烷醇酮、環硫雄醇、美雄烷(mepitiostane)、睪內酯);抗腎上腺物(諸如胺魯米特(aminoglutethimide)、米托坦(mitotane)、曲洛司坦(trilostane));葉酸代替物(諸如弗洛林酸(frolinic acid));醋葡內酯;醛磷醯胺苷;胺基乙醯丙酸;安吖啶(amsacrine);貝斯比索(bestrabucil);比生群(bisantrene);艾狄斯特(edatraxate);狄伐弗敏(defofamine);秋水仙胺;二氮化合物;艾弗尼森(elfornithine);依利醋銨(elliptinium acetate);依託格魯(etoglucid);硝酸鎵;羥基脲;蘑菇多糖;氯尼達明(lonidamine);丙脒腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);莫哌隆(mopidamol);硝基胺;戊糖苷;弗爾耐特(phenamet);吡柔比星(pirarubicin);足葉草酸;2-伸乙基醯肼;甲基苄肼;PSK;丙亞胺;西索菲蘭(sizofiran);鍺螺胺;細交鏈孢菌酮酸;三亞胺醌;2,2',2"-三氯三乙胺;氨基甲酸酯;長春地辛(vindesine);氮烯咪胺;甘露醇氮芥;二溴甘露醇;二溴衛矛醇;哌泊溴烷(pipobroman);葛賽它因(gacytosine);阿拉伯糖苷("Ara-C");環磷醯胺;塞替派(thiotepa);特克德斯(taxoids)(例如,紫杉醇(paclitaxel)(,Bristol-Myers Squibb oncology,Princeton,NJ)及多西他賽(doxetaxel)(,-Poulenc Rorer,Antony,France));苯丁酸氮芥;吉西他濱(gemcitabine);6-硫鳥嘌呤;6-巰基嘌呤;甲胺喋呤;鉑類似物(諸如順鉑及卡波鉑(carboplatin));長春鹼;鉑;足葉乙甙(VP-16);異環磷醯胺;絲裂黴素C;米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone);長春新鹼;長春瑞賓(vinorelbine);新黴醯胺;能滅瘤(novantrone);替尼泊甙(teniposide);道諾黴素(daunomycin);胺基蝶呤;截瘤達(xeloda);伊班膦酸鹽(ibandronate);CPT-11;拓撲異構酶抑制劑RFS 2000;二氟甲基鳥胺酸(difluoromethylornithine)(DMFO);曲酸(retinoic acid);皮瑞美森(esperamicins);卡西他賓(capecitabine);及以上任意物質之醫藥學上可接受之鹽、酸或衍生物。亦包括於此定義者係起調節或抑制激素對瘤作用之抗激素藥劑,諸如抗雌激素,包括(例如)他莫西芬(tamoxifen)、雷諾昔酚(raloxifene)、抑制芳香酶4(5)-咪唑、4-羥基他莫西芬、曲沃昔芬(trioxifene)、雷洛昔芬(keoxifene)、LY117018、歐納氏酮(onapristone)及托瑞米芬(toremifene)(Fareston));及抗雄性激素(諸如氟他米特(flutamide)、尼魯米特(nilutamide)、比卡魯胺(bicalutamide)、亮丙立得(leuprolide)及戈舍瑞林(goserelin);及以上任意物質之醫藥學上可接受之鹽、酸或衍生物。
於本發明之一較佳實施態樣中,該報導劑/抗癌藥物係包囊於載體中。該或體可為藉由,例如凝聚技術或界面聚合製造之微囊(例如羥甲基纖維素或凝膠微囊及聚(甲基丙稀酸甲酯)微囊),膠狀藥物輸送系統(例如脂質體、白蛋白微球體、微滴乳液、奈米顆粒及奈米膠囊)或粗滴乳液。該等技術揭示於Osol,A.等人(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,V16,1980)及中華民國第200833355號公開發明專利案中。
本發明中「醫藥組成物」乙詞係指一種通常含有一或多種載劑之混合物,其載劑係如所屬領域習知的醫藥可接受載劑或賦形劑,適用於對病人進行治療性、診斷性或預防性目的的給藥。
本發明中「醫藥可接受之載劑」乙詞係指一種無毒固體、半固體或液體之任何習知類型的充填劑、稀釋劑、囊封材料、配製輔劑或賦形劑。醫藥可接受載劑所用之劑量和濃度對接受者來說是無毒的,且可與配方中的其他成分相容。合適的載劑包括,但不限於水、右旋葡萄糖(dextrose)、甘油、鹽溶液(saline)、乙醇、微晶型纖維素、甘露醇、葡萄糖、脫脂奶粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、澱粉及其組合。載劑可含有其他試劑,如潤溼劑或乳化劑、pH緩衝劑、或者會增強配方效度的佐劑。局部載劑包括液態石油、棕櫚酸異丙酯、聚乙二醇、乙醇(95%)、溶於水的聚氧乙烯單月桂酸酯(5%)、或溶於水的月桂基硫酸鈉(5%)。如有必要,可加入其他材料,如抗氧化劑、保溼劑、黏度安定劑、和類似的試劑。亦可包括穿皮促進劑(percutaneous penetration enhancer,如Azone)。
在醫藥劑量形式中,本發明之組成物可用其醫藥可接受鹽的形式來給藥,其可單獨使用、或與其他醫藥活性化合物做適當的結合或組合來使用。本發明之組成物係根據可能的給藥模式來加以配製。
本發明組合物的給藥模式可為,但不限於口服、非經口、局部、經直腸、經鼻、經頰(buccal administration)、經陰道、藉由植入式儲存器或藉由吸入式噴霧投藥。本文中所謂之「非經口」包括皮下注射、皮內注射、靜脈注射、肌肉注射、關節內注射、動脈注射、關節滑液內注射、胸骨內注射、腦脊髓膜內注射、病損部位內注射及顱內注射,或灌流技術。
本發明組合物之一較佳實施態樣為經滅菌的注射組合物,如經滅菌注射水性或油性懸浮液。該組合物可藉由本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所周知的技術,使用分散劑或濕潤劑(如Tween 80)或懸浮劑加以調製獲得。該經滅菌注射製劑亦可為與無毒性非經口可接受之稀釋劑或溶劑所調製成之經滅菌注射溶液或懸浮液(如溶於1,3-丁二醇之溶液)。適用於本發明之溶劑可為甘露醇、水、Ringer氏溶液及等滲透壓氯化鈉溶液。再者,經滅菌之固定油(fixed oils)亦為習知之溶劑或懸浮媒介(如合成單-或雙甘油酯)。脂肪酸(如十八烯酸及其甘油酯衍生物)及天然醫藥上可接受的油類(如橄欖油及篦麻油,特別是彼等之聚氧乙基化之形式者)可用於製備注射劑。此等油溶液或懸浮液可進一步含有長鏈醇稀釋劑或分散劑,或羧甲基纖維素或類似的分散劑。其它經常使用之界面活性劑(如Tweens或Spans)或其它類似之乳化劑或生物可利用性增進劑皆可用於製備醫藥可接受之固態、液態或其它劑型的組合物。
本發明中之口服組合物可為任何可經口服形式的藥物,其包括但不限於膠囊、錠劑、乳化液及水性懸浮液、分散劑及溶液。當為膠囊/錠劑時,所使用的載劑可為乳糖及玉米澱粉。本領域中經常使用的潤滑劑(如硬脂酸鎂)亦可適用於本發明。當為口服之液態懸浮液或乳化液時,活性成分可懸浮或溶解於一與乳化劑或懸浮劑組合之油相中。本發明之組合物可視需要添加甜味劑、調味劑或染劑。經鼻噴霧或吸入式組合物可藉由本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所周知之技術製備。本發明之組合物亦可以栓劑之形式經直腸投藥。
本發明中「治療」乙詞涵蓋任何在哺乳動物(包括人類)身上針對疾病的給藥或療法應用,包括抑制該種疾病、遏止該種疾病的發展、或解除該種疾病,如使該種疾病消退、或者回復或修復某種喪失、缺乏或有缺陷的功能、或者刺激某種效率不佳的進程。這個術語包括:在哺乳動物(包括人類)身上得到理想的藥理及/或生理效用、且涵蓋任何病理狀況或病症之治療。從完全或部分預防一病症或其症狀的觀點觀之,該效用可以是預防性的;且/或從部分或完全治癒一病症及/或該病症所引起之副作用的觀點觀之,該效用也可以是治療性的。所以,本發明提供了治療和預防的方法,包括:(1)預防病症在之前可能已暴露於該病症但尚無症狀的患者身上發病或復發;(2)抑制該病症,如遏止它的發展;(3)阻止或終止該病症、或至少阻止或終止與之有關的症狀,以使病患不再因該病症或其症狀受苦,如藉由回復或修復某種喪失、缺乏或有缺陷的功能、或藉由刺激某種效率不佳的進程來使該病症或其症狀消退;或(4)解除、減輕或緩和該病症或與之有關的症狀,其中緩和係採其廣義定義,係指使如發炎、疼痛及/或腫瘤大小這些參數當中至少一項的強度降低。
本發明中「癌症」乙詞係任何異常的細胞或組織生長,如惡性腫瘤、潛在惡性腫瘤(pre-malignant tumor)或非惡性腫瘤。其特徵為不受控制的細胞增生,其中細胞可能會或者可能不會侵入周邊組織,且因此可能會或者可能不會在體內轉移到新的位置。癌症包含癌瘤(carcinoma,上皮細胞的癌症),而癌瘤又包括鱗狀細胞癌、腺癌、黑色素細胞瘤和肝癌瘤(hepatoma)。癌症亦包含肉瘤(sarcoma,源自間葉細胞的腫瘤),其中肉瘤包括骨源性肉瘤、白血病和淋巴瘤。癌症可涉及一或多種贅瘤細胞類型。癌症這個術語包括肺癌、大腸癌、乳癌、攝護腺癌、肝癌、胰臟癌及口腔癌。
本發明中「組織樣本」乙詞係指任何從患者身上取得的生物樣本;此術語包括但不限於:生物性液體如血液、血清、血漿、尿液、腦脊液、眼淚、唾液、淋巴液、透析液、灌洗液、精液和其他液體樣本,亦包括源於生物的細胞和組織。此術語亦包括細胞、或從該處衍生得出的細胞及其子代,包括培養物中的細胞、細胞培養液及細胞的溶胞產物。其進一步包括得自器官或組織培養物的液體、組織活體切片樣本、腫瘤活體切片樣本、糞便樣本、以及從生理組織萃出的液體,以及從固體組織、組織切片和細胞溶胞產物分離出來的細胞。此一定義包含在取得後以任何方式處理過的樣本,如用試劑處理、溶解、或將某些組分(如多核苷酸或多胜肽)加以富集。此術語亦包括病人樣本的衍生物以及一部分的樣本。病人樣本可用於診斷監測、預後監測或其他監測。此術語亦用於得自非人類之哺乳動物的生物樣本。樣本可從人類病患或非人類的哺乳動物身上取得。
本發明中於活體外檢測組織樣本中是否含有腫瘤細胞之方法步驟亦為本發明所屬技術領域中所熟知者。例如採用可特異結合標的蛋白之抗體(例如,單株或多株抗體)。在此等分析中,該抗體本身或可與其特異結合之二級抗體可經可檢測之標記物標記。或者,該抗體可與生物素相連。該抗體的存在可藉由可檢測之標記抗生物素蛋白(可與生物素結合之多肽)來檢測。此等方法之組合(包括「多層三明治」分析)可用來提高該等方法之靈敏度。一些蛋白質量測分析(例如,ELISA或西方墨點法)可應用於體液或細胞溶胞產物中,而其他分析法(例如,免疫組織學方法或螢光流式細胞儀)可應用於組織切片或未溶解之細胞懸浮液中。其他可應用之方法包括定量免疫沉澱法或補體結合分析。
本發明之套組係用於進行本文中所述檢測腫瘤之方法。於本發明之一個實施態樣中,該套組可包含一或多種本發明之胜肽,一或多種報導劑,以及進行本文中所述方法之使用說明,其中可視需要包含用於使本發明之胜肽與報導劑共軛性連結之必要物質。於本發明之另一實施態樣中,該套組可包含一或多種本發明具有報導劑之腫瘤標靶共軛物,以及進行本文中所述方法之使用說明。
於本發明中包含單一成份之套組,一般性地將該成份密封在單一容器(例如小玻瓶、安瓿瓶或其他適當儲存容器)中。同樣地,包含超過一種成份之套組亦可將各成份密封在容器中(個別地或呈混合物之型態)。
關於利用該套組以進行本發明之使用說明,係一般性地描述如何使用套組之內含物以進行本發明之方法,如必要,使用說明中亦描述如何使本發明胜肽與報導劑共軛結合之方法。被提供於本發明套組中之說明書,典型上為書寫之說明書,在標籤或包裝插圖上(例如被包含在套組中之紙片),但機器可讀取之說明書(例如在磁性或光學儲存碟片上所帶有之說明書)亦可接受。
以下實施例純係本發明之例示,故不應以任何方式被視為本發明範圍的限制,其並詳細描述了本發明在前文中所討論的觀點和實施態樣。
SAS(口腔癌)、HCT116(大腸癌)、BT483(乳癌)、Mahlavu(肝癌)、PaCa(胰臟癌)、H460(肺癌)及PC3(攝護腺癌)細胞係得自美國型態培養物收集中心(American Type Culture Collection)。
SAS(口腔癌)、HCT116(大腸癌)、BT483(乳癌)、Mahlavu(肝癌)及PaCa(胰臟癌)細胞在DMEM培養基(每公升含有3.7g重碳酸鹽及40mg康黴素(kanomycin),2mM L-麩醯胺酸及5% FCS;Gibco,CA,USA)中生長,並以10% CO2
培養器培養。H460(肺癌)及PC3(攝護腺癌)細胞係在補充有3.7g/l重碳酸鹽、40mg/l康黴素、2mM L-麩醯胺酸及10%胎牛血清(FCS;Gibco,CA,USA)之RPMI 1640中生長,並於37℃、95%空氣濕度及5% CO2
(v/v)環境中培養。人類血管內皮細胞(HUVEC)係根據Lee等人(2007)所揭露之方法由臍帶靜脈中獲得。
將SAS細胞皮下注射至4-至6-週齡SCID小鼠的背外側腹面以產生口腔癌異種移植物。將胜肽展現噬菌體(New England Biolabs,Inc.,MA,USA)以靜脈內注射(i.v.)至帶有大小適合之SAS衍生腫瘤(~500mm3
)的SCID小鼠的尾靜脈。經過噬菌體循環8分鐘後,將小鼠以50ml PBS灌流以移除未連結的噬菌體。將小鼠器官(如肺臟、心臟及腦)及腫瘤塊取出秤重,接著以冷PBS沖洗。將該等器官及腫瘤樣本均質化後,以ER2738細菌(New England BioLabs.,MA,USA)取回噬菌體顆粒。這些噬菌體在含有1mg/L IPTG/X-Gal的瓊脂盤上進行效價測定。已結合的噬菌體會在ER2728培養物中擴增並產生效價。回收的噬菌體再利用帶有如前文所製備的口腔癌異種移植物連續進行四輪生物篩選。將從第五輪生物篩選洗提出的噬菌體在LB/IPTG/X-Gal盤上進行效價測定。
由圖1之結果可發現,由腫瘤組織中所回收噬菌體數量於第4及5輪的篩選中大量的增加,然而由作為對照組之肺臟中回收的噬菌體數量仍不受影響。由第5輪篩選富含噬菌體樣本中以隨機方式選取並定序。經選取的噬菌體之DNA定序及標靶胜肽之合成係根據Lee等人(2007)及Lo等人(2008)所揭露之方法進行。利用GCG軟體發現23個展現相同、相關或非相關胜肽序列之純系。將這些經選取噬菌體個別以活體內導向分析,進一步檢測它們的腫瘤導向潛力。最後鑑定出7個噬菌體純系(IVO-2、IVO-5、IVO-8、IVO-12、IVO-24、IVO-25及IVO-29)。此7個噬菌體純系存在於腫瘤塊中的濃度,相較於存在於正常組織(包含腦、肺臟及心臟)中的濃度,高出4.0至481倍,然對照組噬菌體則無此現象(圖2),此顯示此7個噬菌體純系在腫瘤塊中具有較高的導向能力;其中3個噬菌體(IVO-2、IVO-8及IVO-24)顯示具有特別高的腫瘤導向能力。此7個噬菌體純系於其表面展現如表1所示之胜肽。
分別使用肺癌(H460)、大腸癌(HCT116)、乳癌(BT483)、攝護腺癌(PC3)、胰臟癌(PaCa)及肝癌(Mahlavu))細胞於SCID小鼠中形成人類癌症異種移植物。將噬菌體純系IVO-8及IVO-24及對照組噬菌體(無插入噬菌體)分別注射入該等SCID小鼠的尾靜脈。依據實施例1所示的方法,於灌流之後將異種移植腫瘤及器官取出,再測定其中噬菌體的濃度。
結果意外地發現,噬菌體IVO-8及IVO-24只會標靶腫瘤組織,但不會標靶正常器官(如腦、肺臟或心臟)(圖3)。圖3亦顯示沒有標靶配位體的對照組噬菌體並無此種導向能力。由上述結果可知,本發明的瘤導向噬菌體可標靶多種固態腫瘤。
使用肺癌(H460)細胞於SCID小鼠中形成肺癌異種移植物。分別將噬菌體純系IVO-2、IVO-8及IVO-24及對照組噬菌體單獨,或分別將噬菌體純系IVO-2、IVO-8及IVO-24與100μg之PIVO-2(SEQ ID NO:1)、PIVO-8(SEQ ID NO:3)及PIVO-24(SEQ ID NO:5)合成胜肽共同注射入該等SCID小鼠的尾靜脈。依據實施例1所示的方法,將器官及腫瘤取出並分成兩部分。其中一部分用ER2738進行效價測驗,另外一部分以Optimal Cuttlng Temperature(OCT,Tissue-Tek,NL,USA)予以包埋。將OCT包埋之冷凍組織切割成5微米的薄片,並轉移到冷PBS緩衝溶液中。將這些切片以丙酮-甲醇(1:1)固定後以PBS沖洗,接著浸泡於阻隔緩衝液(含有1% BSA之PBS)中1小時。將這些切片與大鼠抗小鼠CD31抗體(BD Pharmingen,MA,USA)、兔子抗大鼠抗體(Stressgen,Canada)共同培養,然後再浸泡在經若丹明(Rhodamine)標記的山羊抗兔子抗體(Jackson Immuno Research,PA,USA)中。這些薄片再進一步與小鼠抗M13噬菌體單株抗體(Amersham Biosciences,Uppsala,Sweden)共同培養,接著用經FITC標記之山羊抗小鼠抗體(Jackson ImmunoResearch)培養,然後再浸泡在Hoechst 33258(Molecular probe,OR,USA)中。最後,將這些薄片沖洗後用封片介質(Vecror,CA,USA)加以封片。然後將薄片在Leica Confocal顯微鏡(TCS-SP5-AOBS)下檢視。所得之影像利用Leica Application Suie Advanced Fluorecence軟體加以合併。
圖4a之結果顯示IVO-2可特異地導向腫瘤塊,且IVO-2的腫瘤導向能力可完全被同源PIVO-2合成胜肽抑制,但不受PIVO-8及PIVE-24影響。類似地,IVO-8可特異地導向腫瘤塊,且IVO-8的腫瘤導向能力可被同源PIVO-8成胜肽抑制,但不受PIVO-2及PIVE-24影響(圖4b);而IVO-24可特異地導向腫瘤塊,且IVO-24的腫瘤導向能力可被同源PIVO-24合成胜肽抑制,但PIVO-2及PIVE-8不會抑制IVO-24噬菌體的對腫瘤塊的導向能力(圖4c)。
同時,由圖5組織薄片檢視的結果可發現,僅有腫瘤組織顯現IVO噬菌體的免疫反應,於對照之肺臟則無;且當IVO-2、-8及-24噬菌體於與同源PIVO-2、-8及-24合成胜肽共同投予下,腫瘤組織中亦未發現免疫反應。
本實驗的結果可充分證明,本發明之噬菌體純系僅會與腫瘤組織特異地結合,而不會與正常器官結合,且此結合作用係由噬菌體上所展現的胜肽調控。
將人類血管內皮細胞(HUVEC)接種在蓋玻片上並讓細胞長至80%滿。將此細胞以20ng/ml VEGF(B & D Systems,MN,USA)及2ng/ml bFGF(PEPROTECH,Landon,UK)預處理48小時。將經VEGF刺激之HUVEC細胞用無血清之M199(含3% BSA)清洗,然後以阻隔緩衝溶液在4℃下培養30分鐘。接著將細胞以IVO-8及IVO-24噬菌體純系,以及以對照組噬菌體純系在4℃下處裡1小時。將細胞沖洗後以3%甲醛固定10分鐘,然後與小鼠抗M13 mAb(Amersham Biosciences)培養1小時,再用經FITC標記之抗小鼠Ig抗體(Jackson Immuno Research)培養,最後以Hoechst 33258染色。將含有經染色HUVEC之蓋玻片沖洗後予以封片。所得的影像以SomplePCI軟體(C-IMAGING,PA,USA)處理。
結果顯示IVO-8及IVO-24噬菌體純系會與經VEGF刺激之HUVEC細胞結合(圖6a及d);對照組噬菌體則不具結合能力(圖6c及f)。未經VEGF刺激之HUVEC細胞不顯現噬菌體結合作用(圖6b及e)。此結果可充分證明本發明的噬菌體純系對人類內皮細胞具有親和力。
接著進行IVO-8及IVO-24噬菌體純系對手術癌症樣本的結合實驗。將獲自患有乳癌、肺癌、大腸癌、肝癌、口腔癌或胰臟癌之病患的手術樣本切片,置於玻片上,將玻片與阻隔緩衝液培養30分鐘,然後在經生物素標記UEA-1(一種血管染劑)存在下以IVO-2、IVO-8及IVO-24噬菌體純系,以及以對照組噬菌體純系處裡。經沖洗後,將帶有切片的玻片以抗M13 mAb及FITC-共軛卵白素(strptavidin)(Pierce,IL,USA)共同培養1小時後,再與藻紅蛋白(phycoerythrin)-共軛山羊抗小數Ab(Jackson ImmunoResearch,PA,USA)培養。玻片係以Zeiss Axiovert 200M倒立式顯微鏡觀察,所得的影像以MetaMorph軟體(Molecular Devices,PA,USA)處理。
圖7顯示IVO-2、IVO-8及IVO-24噬菌體純系共同侷限乳癌病患手術樣本的腫瘤新生血管。且如下表2所示,IVO-2、IVO-8及IVO-24噬菌體可用於檢測6種來自乳癌、肺癌、大腸癌、肝癌、口腔癌及胰臟癌病患的手術樣本,且陽性比例可由40%至80%。由此等數據可知,本發明噬菌體純系上所展現的胜肽可辨認小鼠及人類腫瘤新生血管上所表現的未知分子。
以化學合成方法製備PIVO-2(SEQ ID NO:1)、PIVO-8(SEQ ID NO:3)及PIVO-24(SEQ ID NO:5)胜肽。包囊多索比星的胜肽共軛脂質體可依Lee等人(2004)及Tseng等人(1999)所揭示之方法製備。簡單而言之,將胜肽配位體與NHS-PEG-DSPE(得自N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺基-羧基-聚乙二醇(PEG,平均分子量為3000)之二硬脂醯基磷脂醯乙醇胺(NOF Corporation,Tokyo,Japan))耦合,其莫耳比為1:1.5。利用TNBS(三硝基苯磺酸)試劑(AFSA,1966)測量殘留的胺基以確認共軛反應是否已完成。此一耦合係使用胜肽N端之獨特自由胺基來達成,以產生胜肽-PEG-DSPE。完成前述反應並藉由定量殘餘胺基的方式來加以確認。在高於脂質雙層之轉移溫度的溫度進行共培養後,將胜肽-PEG-DSPE轉入預先形成之脂質體中(Zalipsky等人,1997,Bioconjugate Chemistry,8:111-118)。依Zalipsky等人(1997)的方法估算,每個脂質體中有500個胜肽分子。
分別使用肺癌(H460)、乳癌(BT483)、肝癌(Mahlavu)、胰臟癌(PaCa)及大腸癌(HCT116)細胞於SCID小鼠中形成人類癌症異種移植物。將帶有腫瘤大小約100mm3
的小鼠隨機地分成6組,各組分別經由尾靜脈給予1mg/kg劑量(每週兩次,共4週)的(1)PIVO-2共軛脂質體多索比星(PIVO-2-LD)、(2)PIVO-8共軛脂質體多索比星(PIVO-8-LD)、(3)PIVO-24共軛脂質體多索比星(PIVO-24-LD)、(4)脂質體多索比星(LD)、(5)自由多索比星(FD)或(6)生理食鹽對照組(PBS)。待將人類癌症細胞以s.c.注射的方式注入4到6週大的小鼠背側面腹脅處。每週用測徑器測量小鼠的體重與腫瘤的大小兩次。腫瘤的體積係利用體積-長度×(寬度)2
×0.52計算出來。
由圖8的結果可清楚地發現,在投藥濃度相同下,在肺癌(H460)、乳癌(BT483)及肝癌(Mahlavu)細胞中,LD所表現的治療效果顯然較FD佳;圖9的結果進一步顯示,PIVO-2-LD、PIVO-8-LD及PIVO-24-LD於治療肺癌(H460)、乳癌(BT483)、肝癌(Mahlavu)、胰臟癌(PaCa)及大腸癌(HCT116)等5腫固態腫瘤之效果,又較LD增進許多。此等結果可充分證明,LD經與本發明之標靶配位體(如PIVO-2、PIVO-8及PIVO-24)共軛後,可大幅增加多索比星抑制固態腫瘤移植物生長的功效。
接著,將6組小鼠的腫瘤組織切片以H&E或TUNEL(終端去氧核苷酸移轉酶調節之dUTP缺口端標記)染色以進行組織病理學研究。圖10顯示於經PIVO-LD(PIVO-2-LD、PIVO-8-LD及PIVO-24-LD)處理的整個腫瘤切片上,廣泛地散佈著壞死/細胞凋零區域,經LD處理腫瘤上之壞死/細胞凋零區域的量僅為中度,而以PBS處理的對照組則未出現壞死/細胞凋零區域。圖10所示以TUNEL檢測細胞凋零細胞的結果亦顯示,PIVO-LD組的細胞凋零細胞數高於LD組。尚且,相較於LD組,PIVO-LD組的TUNEL-陽性區域亦較大(n=6,p<0.01)(圖11)。
最後進行胜肽-共軛LD於降低腫瘤血管數量之功效的研究。於此研究中,將6組小鼠的腫瘤取出後以4%三聚乙醛固定,然後再包埋於石蠟中。將包埋的組織以與生物素共軛之Lycopersicon escculentum
(番茄)凝集素(lectin)(Vector Laboratories,CA,USA)染色,接著以鏈黴抗生物素蛋白共軛之若丹明(Pierce,IL,USA)處理。圖12顯示以PIVO-LD處理小鼠的腫瘤血管明顯地減少,而以LD處理者腫瘤血管減少的量則有限。圖13顯示呈CD31陽性腫瘤血管的面積,該結果顯示PIVO-LD組之腫瘤血管明顯少於LD組者(n=6,P<0.01)。
綜上結果可知,本發明之PIVO與脂質體多索比星共軛後,可大幅地改進脂質體多索比星及自由多索比星的化療功效。
根據實施例2所述之方法,將SCID小鼠誘發產生非小細胞癌症移植物(~300mm3
)。將此等小鼠分別投予2mg/kg多索比星劑量的PIVO-2-LD、PIVO-8-LD、PIVO-24-LD、LD及FD,接著於1小時、4小時或24後將小鼠犧牲。以下顎穿刺法收集小鼠之血液樣本,再以其製備血漿樣本。此外,亦將移植物及正常器官取出,並其部分均質化以分離細胞核。根據Laginha等人(Clin. Cancer Res.,11:6944-6945,2005)及Mayer等人(J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,280:1406-1414,1997)所揭示之方法,自腫瘤組織及細胞核中萃取出多索比星。多索比星之量則以螢光光譜儀(Synergy HT Multi-Detection Microplate Reader,BioTek Instruments,Winooski,VT 05404 USA)於λex
485/20nm及λex
645/40nm下測量。根據不同時間點所測得腫瘤組織中多索比星之量製備多索比星的濃度-時間曲線,並因此測定0-48小時的曲線下面積(AUC0-48小時
)。
測量的結果顯示,FD、LD、PIVO-2-LD、PIVO-8-LD及PIVO-24-LD的AUC0-48小時
分別為10.2μg‧hr/g、31.3μg‧hr/g、46.1μg‧hr/g、49.6μg‧hr/g及49.5μg‧hr/g。特言之,PIVO-2-LD組腫瘤內多索比星平均濃度分別為FD及LD組之4.5及1.5倍;PIVO-8-LD組腫瘤內多索比星平均濃度分別為FD及LD組之4.9及1.6倍;而PIVO-24-LD組腫瘤內多索比星平均濃度分別為FD及LD組之4.8及1.6倍。
如同Laginha等人(2005)所述,細胞核多索比星的量可作為此藥物生物可利用性的指標,因此,細胞核多索比星亦被稱為”生物可利用多索比星”。測量的結果顯示,FD、LD、PIVO-2-LD、PIVO-8-LD及PIVO-24-LD之生物可利用多索比星的AUC0-48小時
分別為3.7μg‧hr/g、6.7μg‧hr/g、13.6μg‧hr/g、14.8μg‧hr/g及13.9μg‧hr/g。特言之,PIVO-2-LD組腫瘤內細胞核多索比星平均濃度分別為FD及LD組之3.7及2.0倍;PIVO-8-LD組腫瘤內細胞核多索比星平均濃度分別為FD及LD組之4.0及2.2倍;而PIVO-24-LD組腫瘤內細胞核多索比星平均濃度分別為FD及LD組之3.8及2.1倍。
上述結果可證明,本發明之PIVO與脂質體多索比星共軛後,其對腫瘤的治療功效明顯高於脂質體多索比星及自由多索比星。
接著,將取出的移植物及正常器官切片,以具有100w HBO水銀光源之Zeiss Axiovert 200M倒立式顯微鏡(配有546/12nm激光器及590nm發射濾光組)觀察各切片中多索比星的存在,所得的影像以帶有FLUAR 10X/0,050 NA鏡片之Roper Scientific CoolSnap HQ CCD相機照相。如圖14所示,於投予PIVO-2-LD、PIVO-8-LD及PIVO-24-LD後之4小時,腫瘤細胞核即可明顯地觀察到多索比星之存在;且隨時間的增加,可測得多索比星區域之數量亦隨之增加。尚且,於每個時間點,經PIVO-2-LD、PIVO-8-LD及PIVO-24-LD處理腫瘤中所觀察到多索比星的區域皆多於LD處理之腫瘤,而以FD處理的腫瘤中則未發現可測得的多索比星。此結果可證明,本發明之PIVO與脂質體多索比星共軛後,可將脂質體導向標靶位置,並使脂質體中之藥物釋放至標靶細胞中。
圖1顯示腫瘤組織中所回收噬菌體之數量。
圖2顯示各噬菌體純系在腫瘤塊中的導向能力。
圖3顯示噬菌體IVO-8及IVO-24標靶腫瘤組織之能力。
圖4a顯示噬菌體IVO-2之特異的腫瘤導向能力。
圖4b顯示噬菌體IVO-8之特異的腫瘤導向能力。
圖4c顯示噬菌體IVO-24之特異的腫瘤導向能力。
圖5顯示IVO噬菌體免疫反應之組織薄片檢視結果。
圖6a及b分別顯示IVO-8噬菌體純系是否會與經VEGF刺激及未經VEGF刺激之HUVEC細胞結合的結果;圖6c顯示對照組噬菌體是否會與經VEGF刺激之HUVEC細胞結合的結果。
圖6d及e分別顯示IVO-24噬菌體純系是否會與經VEGF刺激及未經VEGF刺激之HUVEC細胞結合的結果;圖6f顯示對照組噬菌體是否會與經VEGF刺激之HUVEC細胞結合的結果。
圖7顯示IVO-2、IVO-8及IVO-24噬菌體純系抑制乳癌病患樣本中血管新生作用之結果。
由圖8顯示藥物LD(脂質體多索比星)、FD(自由多索比星)及PBS(生理食鹽對照組)對H460(肺癌)、BT483(乳癌)及Mahlavu(肝癌)細胞的治療效果。
圖9顯示藥物LD(脂質體多索比星)、FD(自由多索比星)、PIVO-2-LD(PIVO-2共軛脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-8-LD(PIVO-8共軛脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-24-LD(PIVO-24共軛脂質體多索比星)及PBS(生理食鹽對照組)對H460(肺癌)、BT483(乳癌)、Mahlavu(肝癌)、PaCa(胰臟癌)及HCT116(大腸癌)細胞的治療效果。
圖10顯示小鼠於經LD(脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-2-LD(PIVO-2共軛脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-8-LD(PIVO-8共軛脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-24-LD(PIVO-24共軛脂質體多索比星)及PBS(生理食鹽對照組)處理後,將腫瘤組織切片以H&E或TUNEL染色以進行組織病理學觀察之結果。
圖11顯示小鼠於經LD(脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-2-LD(PIVO-2共軛脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-8-LD(PIVO-8共軛脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-24-LD(PIVO-24共軛脂質體多索比星)及PBS(生理食鹽對照組)處理後,將腫瘤組織切片以TUNEL染色所測量TUNEL-陽性區域之百分比。
圖12小鼠於經LD(脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-2-LD(PIVO-2共軛脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-8-LD(PIVO-8共軛脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-24-LD(PIVO-24共軛脂質體多索比星)及PBS(生理食鹽對照組)處理後,觀察腫瘤組織切片中腫瘤血管分佈之結果。
圖13顯示小鼠於經LD(脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-2-LD(PIVO-2共軛脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-8-LD(PIVO-8共軛脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-24-LD(PIVO-24共軛脂質體多索比星)及PBS(生理食鹽對照組)處理後,觀察腫瘤組織切片中呈CD31陽性腫瘤血管的面積之結果。
圖14顯示小鼠於經FD(自由多索比星)、LD(脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-2-LD(PIVO-2共軛脂質體多索比星)、PIVO-8-LD(PIVO-8共軛脂質體多索比星)及PIVO-24-LD(PIVO-24共軛脂質體多索比星)處理後,觀察組織切片中多索比星存在區域數量的結果。
(無元件符號說明)
Claims (13)
- 一種胜肽,其具有SEQ ID NO:5之胺基酸序列。
- 一種腫瘤標靶共軛物,其包含報導劑及如請求項1之胜肽。
- 如請求項2之腫瘤標靶共軛物,其該報導劑係放射性同位素或放射性核素、螢光標記、酶標記、化學發光標記或生物素。
- 如請求項2或3之腫瘤標靶共軛物,其該報導劑係為放射性同位素或放射性核素。
- 一種腫瘤標靶共軛物,其包含抗癌藥物及如請求項1之胜肽。
- 如請求項5之腫瘤標靶共軛物,其該抗癌藥物係包囊於載體中。
- 如請求項6之腫瘤標靶共軛物,其該載體係為脂質體中。
- 如請求項5至7中任一項之腫瘤標靶共軛物,其該抗癌藥物係為多索比星。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含治療有效量之如請求項5至8中任一項之腫瘤標靶共軛物及一或多種醫藥可接受之載劑。
- 如請求項9之醫藥組合物,其係用於治療癌症。
- 一種於活體外檢測腫瘤細胞之方法,其包含:(1)提供獲自個體之組織樣本;(2)將該組織樣本與如請求項1之胜肽或如請求項2至4中 任一項之腫瘤標靶共軛物接觸;及(3)藉由觀察如請求項1之胜肽或如請求項2至4中任一項之腫瘤標靶共軛物是否會與該組織樣本結合,判定該組織樣本中是否含有腫瘤細胞。
- 一種檢測腫瘤細胞之套組,其包含如請求項1之胜肽、一或多種報導劑,及用於檢測腫瘤細胞之使用說明。
- 一種檢測腫瘤細胞之套組,其包含如請求項2至4中任一項之腫瘤標靶共軛物,及用於檢測腫瘤細胞之使用說明。
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MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |