TWI381902B - Working Machinery - Google Patents

Description

Working machine

The present invention relates to a work machine that relatively moves a tool and a workpiece to process the workpiece.

In recent years, the demand for high-precision machining of working machines has gradually increased. The machining accuracy of the machine tool is greatly improved by the smoothness of the machine on which the workpiece is mounted, the saddle that supports the spindle, the straightness of the movement, the parallelism of the movement and the centerline of the spindle, and the straight angle. The ground is determined by the accuracy of the relative position of the tool and the part in the process.

Moreover, in order to process the workpiece with high precision, the working machine itself needs to maintain high dimensional accuracy. In other words, the positional accuracy of the structure such as the base or the column that supports the movement of these members and supports the movement of these members is also important. Therefore, these structures constituting the working machine are designed to have high rigidity so as not to be deformed by stress or the like, and are designed without being affected by vibration.

However, the working machine may be affected by the heat generated by itself, or may be affected by the surrounding temperature, and may cause thermal expansion and deformation of the structure constituting the machine. That is, in the working machine, various motors, tools, workpieces, and the like are generated as heat sources, and the heat is transmitted to the structure to cause thermal deformation. Moreover, due to the temperature change and temperature distribution of the installation environment of the working machine, the structure is also moved up and down, left and right. Temperature differences occur in each part, causing thermal deformation such as collapse, warpage, and the like. As described above, when the structure is thermally deformed, the spindle is tilted, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece is lowered.

Therefore, in the past, various measures have been proposed for the processing accuracy of the workpiece due to the heat generation of the working machine itself and the temperature environment around the working machine. A working machine for solving such a problem is disclosed in Patent Documents 1, 2.

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-82649

[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 6-39682

Here, in the working machine, the main shaft of the supporting tool is movable in the respective axial directions by a plurality of structures, and the structure is deformed by the movement of the main shaft.

For example, in a working machine such as a horizontal boring machine, the saddle supporting the main shaft can be movably supported on the side of the cylinder, and the cylinder itself can also be moved. Therefore, when the size of the column is increased, the height of the column becomes high, and the weight of the saddle becomes heavier. Therefore, as the saddle moves upward, the deformation (tilt) of the column becomes large, and it is difficult to maintain the saddle. The straightness of the up and down movement. Moreover, when the cylinder is moved, the trueness of the base supporting the movement is affected, and the cylinder body is moved while causing angular deviation (pitch, roll angle, and off angle), causing deformation (tilt) in the cylinder. ). As a result, an error occurs at the front end position of the spindle, and the machining accuracy of the workpiece is lowered. After that.

However, in the conventional working machine, there is no countermeasure against deformation of the column due to the movement index of the main shaft in the direction of each axis, and the machining accuracy is lowered. That is, in order to achieve higher machining accuracy, it is necessary to consider not only the heat generated by the working machine itself, but also the thermal deformation of the structure caused by the temperature environment around the working machine, and the structure caused by the movement of the main shaft to the respective axes. Body deformation.

Accordingly, the present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and an object of the invention is to provide a working machine capable of preventing a reduction in machining accuracy even if a cylinder is deformed by movement of a spindle in each axial direction.

In the machine tool according to the first aspect of the present invention, the machine tool and the workpiece are relatively moved, and the work machine for processing the workpiece is characterized in that: a saddle is provided, which is detachably mounted The spindle of the tool is rotatably supported; a cylinder movably supporting the saddle and configured to be movable; and a cylinder deformation detecting means for detecting at least the saddle and the cylinder a deformation of the column caused by the movement of one of the pieces; and a correction means for correcting movement of at least one of the tool and the workpiece according to the detection result of the column deformation detecting means, and detecting the deformation of the column The means are: a portion to be measured vertically suspended from the column; and a measuring means for measuring a distance between the column and the portion to be measured.

In the machine tool according to the second aspect of the invention, the column deformation detecting means includes means for attenuating the oscillation of the portion to be measured.

The working machine according to the first aspect of the present invention is directed to a working machine for moving a tool and a workpiece, and a working machine for processing the workpiece, characterized in that: a saddle is provided, which is detachably mounted The spindle of the tool is rotatably supported; a cylinder movably supporting the saddle and configured to be movable; and a cylinder deformation detecting means for detecting at least the saddle and the cylinder a deformation of the column caused by the movement of one of the pieces; and a correction means for correcting movement of at least one of the tool and the workpiece according to the detection result of the column deformation detecting means, and detecting the deformation of the column The method includes: a container mounted on the column for accommodating a fluid; a hanging member vertically suspended from the column via a wire; and an upper end supported by the hanging by a spherical bushing a member having a first rod-shaped member of the portion to be measured; a second rod-shaped member that is supported by the hanging member at the upper end and enters the viscous fluid of the container via the spherical bushing; and a distance sensed by the distance between the measured portion and the second column-shaped member that is attached to the column Detector.

In the machine tool according to the fourth aspect of the invention, the column deformation detecting means is provided in the column body.

Therefore, according to the working machine of the present invention, even if the cylinder is deformed due to the movement of the main shaft in the direction of each axis, the movement of at least one of the correction tool and the workpiece can be corrected by the amount of deformation of the detected cylinder. It can prevent the processing accuracy from decreasing.

Hereinafter, the working machine according to the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a working machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration view of a column deformation detecting device, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the column, and FIG. 4 shows the column facing the X axis. A schematic view of a state in which the direction is deformed, and FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a state in which the column body is deformed in the Z-axis direction. Further, in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z (W)-axis direction described in each drawing, the orthogonal three-axis directions are displayed, and the machine front-rear direction, the machine vertical direction, and the mechanical width direction are displayed. . Further, in the present embodiment described below, the working machine of the present invention is applied to a large horizontal trampoline.

As shown in Fig. 1, a working machine 1 for a large horizontal boring machine is provided with a base 11 fixed to the ground, and a pair of left and right guide rails 12a, 12b extending in the X-axis direction are provided on the upper surface of the base 11. . On the guide rails 12a, 12b The column base 13 is slidably supported in the X-axis direction, and a hollow column 1 is erected on the upper surface of the column base 13. Therefore, the column base 13 (column 14) can be moved in the X-axis direction by driving a column driving means including a column driving motor (not shown), a column conveying screw mechanism, and the like.

A pair of right and left guide rails 15a and 15b extending in the Y-axis direction are provided on the front surface of the column body 14 (the side wall 14b to be described later). The rails 15a and 15b are supported by the saddle 16 so as to be slidable in the Y-axis direction. . Therefore, the saddle 16 can be moved in the Y-axis direction by a saddle driving means including a saddle driving motor (not shown) and a saddle conveying screw mechanism.

The saddle 16 is formed with a guide portion 17 penetrating in the Z-axis direction. In this guide portion 17, the ram 18 is slidably supported in the Z-axis direction. Therefore, the punch 18 can be moved in the Z-axis direction by driving the punch driving means constituted by a punch driving motor (not shown), a plunger conveying screw mechanism, or the like.

In the punching column 18, the spindle 19 is rotatable and slidably supported in the W-axis direction, and a tool T for performing predetermined machining at the tip end of the spindle 19 is detachably mounted. Therefore, the spindle 19 is rotatable around the w-axis by the spindle rotation means constituted by a spindle rotation motor or the like (not shown), and further includes a spindle drive motor (not shown) and a spindle transfer screw mechanism. The spindle drive means is driven, and the spindle 19 is movable in the W-axis direction.

Further, on the side of the base 11, a base base 21 fixed to the ground is provided, and on the upper surface of the base 21 of the machine, before extending in the Z-axis direction The latter pair of guide rails 22a, 22b. In the guide rails 22a and 22b, the machine base 23 is slidably supported in the Z-axis direction, and the rotary table 24 is rotatably supported at the upper portion of the machine base 23. Further, on the upper surface of the rotary table 24, a workpiece (subject to be processed) W is detachably mounted. Therefore, the machine base 23 (rotating machine 24) is formed to be movable in the Z-axis direction by driving the machine driving means including the machine driving motor (not shown), the machine conveying screw mechanism, and the like. The rotary table 24 is rotatable around the Y-axis by driving a table rotating means including a table rotating motor or the like (not shown).

Further, the work machine 1 is provided with an NC device (correction means) 50 for controlling the entire work machine 1. The NC device 50 is connected to each of the above-described driving means and each of the rotating means, and switches the moving direction and moving speed of the tool T and the workpiece W, and adjusts the amount of movement and the amount of rotation to perform positioning control of the tool T and the workpiece W. , the indexing control of the workpiece W. Thereby, the tool T moves relative to the workpiece W, and the workpiece W is processed into a predetermined shape.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the column body 14 has an upper wall 14a and side walls 14b, 14c, 14d, and 14e, and is formed in a hollow shape. In such a column 14, the column deformation detecting means (column deformation detecting means) 30 is supported so as to vertically hang from the lower surface of the upper wall 14a.

The column deformation detecting device 30 has two flexible wires 31, and both ends of these wires 31 are attached to the lower surface of the upper wall 14a. The wire member 31, the hanging member 33 is suspended by the member for passage 32, and the hanging member 33, the hanging rod (the first rod-shaped member, the second rod-shaped member) 35, 36 are passed therethrough. The spherical bushing 34 is mounted. In addition, the material, the thickness, and the like of the wire 31 can be arbitrarily set. However, even if the column 14 is deformed and inclined, the low rigidity can be vertically suspended vertically.

The members to be measured 37 and 38 are provided at the intermediate portion and the lower end of the suspension rod 35 in the axial direction. In the member to be measured 37, the surface to be measured (measured portion) 37a, 37b is formed, and the surface to be measured (measured portion) 38a, 38b is formed in the member to be measured 38. The measured surfaces 37a and 38a are formed in a plane orthogonal to the X-axis direction, and the measured surfaces 37b and 38b are formed in a plane orthogonal to the Z-axis direction. Further, a weight 39 is provided at the lower end of the suspension rod 36.

Further, on the inner surface of the side wall 14b, a pair of upper and lower distance sensors (measuring means) 40a, 40b are provided so as to face the measured surfaces 37a, 38a, and on the inner surface of the side wall 14e, up and down The pair of distance sensors (measuring means) 41a, 41b are disposed to face the surfaces to be measured 37b, 38b. The distance sensors 40a, 40b, 41a, 41b are non-contact sensors, wherein the distance sensors 40a, 40b constantly measure the distance to the measured surfaces 37a, 38a, and the distance sensor 41a 41b constantly measures the distance to the measured surfaces 37b and 38b. Further, the distance measuring sensors 40a, 40b, 41a, 41b are connected to the NC device 50, and the measured distance (detection result) measured by the distance sensors 40a, 40b, 41a, 41b is input to the NC device. 50.

Further, on the inner surface of the side wall 14d, an oil bearing pan (container) 42 is supported via a support member (not shown). In the oil pan 42, the oil 43 of the highly viscous fluid is stored, and the suspension rod 36 enters the oil 43 of the oil pan 42. Further, the oil pan 42 and the oil 43 are those which constitute a damping means.

In other words, in the NC device 50, the amount of deformation (inclination amount) of the column 14 in the X-axis direction is calculated from the measured distance difference from the side of the distance sensors 40a and 40b to the measured surfaces 37a and 38a. The amount of deformation (inclination amount) of the column 14 in the Z-axis direction is calculated from the measured distance difference from the side of the sensors 41a, 41b to the measured surfaces 37b, 38b. Then, based on the amount of deformation of the calculated column 14 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, the driving of each driving means is corrected, and the position control of the tool T and the workpiece W is performed to process the workpiece W into a predetermined shape.

Further, even if the suspension bars 35 and 36 are swung together with the hanging member 33 due to the external vibration or the like, the oil 43 of the oil pan 42 is rapidly attenuated by the swing of the suspension bar 36, so that the suspension bar 35 is suspended. The swing is also attenuated in a short time.

Therefore, when the workpiece W is machined by the work machine 1, the workpiece W is mounted on the upper surface of the rotary table 24, and the machine base 23 is moved in the Z-axis direction to move the workpiece W to the machining position. Next, the spindle 14 is moved in the X-axis direction by the rotation of the tool T, or the saddle 16 is moved in the Y-axis direction, or the punch 18 is moved in the Z-axis direction, or the spindle 19 is caused to rotate. Move in the direction of the W axis. Further, the rotating table 24 may be rotated as needed to perform indexing rotation of the workpiece W. Thereby, the processing of the workpiece W by the tool T is performed.

Here, as described above, when the workpiece W is processed, it is necessary to move the tool T in at least one of the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, the Z-axis direction, and the W-axis direction, in particular, the tool T is turned toward When the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction move, the column 14 is easily deformed. Therefore, there will be The cylinder 14 is deformed, causing an error in the position of the front end of the main shaft 19, resulting in a reduction in machining accuracy.

That is, in the working machine 1 such as a horizontal boring machine, since the saddle 16 configured to rotatably support the main shaft 19 is movably supported on the side wall 14b of the cylinder 14, as shown in Fig. 4, When the saddle 16 is moved in the Y-axis direction, the column 14 is inclined in the X-axis direction with reference to the joint of the column base 13 and the column 14. In particular, when the work machine 1 is large, the height of the column 14 is high and the weight of the saddle 16 is increased. Therefore, since the saddle 16 is moved upward, the deformation of the column 14 is increased. The true straightness of the up and down movement of the saddle 16 cannot be maintained.

Further, when the column 14 (cylinder base 13) is moved in the X-axis direction on the base 11, the straightness of the base 11 and the guide rails 12a and 12b is affected, and the angular deviation of the column 14 is caused. The corner and the off angle are moved sideways. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the column 14 is inclined in the Z-axis direction with reference to the joint of the column base 13 and the column 14.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the thickness of the side walls 14b, 14d of the column 14 is different depending on the side walls 14b formed by the guide rails 15a, 15b, and the side wall 14b of the thick wall and the side wall 14d of the thin wall are in heat capacity. Will produce a difference. Therefore, when the driving means, the rotating means, the tool T, the workpiece W, and the like generate heat, or the temperature of the installation environment of the working machine 1 changes, the side wall 14d having a small heat capacity is more likely to be thermally deformed than the side wall 14b having a large heat capacity. As a result, the column 14 is inclined in the X-axis direction.

Thus, when the column 14 is deformed in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, an error occurs at the front end position of the spindle 19, which may cause the workpiece W. The processing accuracy is reduced. Therefore, in the working machine 1, the column 14 is directly and constantly detected deformation of the composite by the column deformation detecting device 30 provided in the column 14.

In other words, when the saddle 16 is moved in the Y-axis direction, the column 14 is deformed in the X-axis direction, and the temperature of the working machine 1 itself is changed, and the temperature of the installation environment changes. In the case of thermal deformation in the axial direction, first, the distances to the measured surfaces 37a and 38a are measured by the distance sensors 40a and 40b. Then, the measured measurement distance is input to the NC device 50, and then the difference is calculated by the NC device 50. Next, the NC device 50 calculates the amount of deformation of the column 14 in the X-axis direction from the calculated distance difference, and corrects the driving of each driving means based on the amount of deformation to control the position of the tool T and the workpiece W.

Further, when the column 14 is moved in the X-axis direction and the column 14 is deformed in the Z-axis direction, first, the measured surfaces 37b and 38b are measured by the distance sensors 41a and 41b. distance. Then, these measured measurement distances are input to the NC device 50, and the difference is calculated by the NC device 50. Next, the NC device 50 calculates the amount of deformation of the column 14 in the Z-axis direction from the calculated distance difference, and corrects the driving of each driving means based on the amount of deformation to control the position of the tool T and the workpiece W.

Therefore, according to the working machine of the present invention, when the workpiece W is processed by the tool T, the cylinder deformation detecting device 30 is used to detect the cylinder generated when the cylinder 14, the saddle 16, etc. are moved. 14 pairs of deformation in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, and then by the NC device, according to the inspection As a result of the measurement, the driving of each driving means is corrected, and the position control of the tool T and the workpiece W is performed, whereby the processing accuracy can be prevented from being lowered.

Further, in the column deformation detecting device 30, the upper ends of the suspension bars 35 and 36 are supported by the hanging member 33 suspended by the wire 31 via the spherical bushing 34, and the lower end of the suspension bar 36 is brought into the bearing. The oil 43 of the oil pan 42, whereby even if the column 14 is subjected to external vibration, the swing of the suspension bars 35, 36 can be attenuated not only in a short time, but also the suspension bars 35, 36 can be kept stationary at all times. The state of the vertical direction. As a result, the distances of the measured surfaces 37a, 37b, 38a, and 38b of the members to be measured 37 and 38 can be directly and quickly and accurately measured by the distance sensors 40a, 40b, 41a, and 41b. Further, since the column deformation detecting device 30 is installed in the column 14, space can be saved. Therefore, it is not necessary to increase the size of the machine tool 1 or more.

[Industry use possibility]

The present invention can be applied to a work tool such as a machine center or the like, and a heat deformation preventing structure that prevents a reduction in machining accuracy due to thermal deformation of a cylinder that has been fixed.

1‧‧‧Working machinery

11‧‧‧Base

12a, 12b‧‧‧ rails

13‧‧‧Cylinder base

14‧‧‧Cylinder

14a‧‧‧上壁

14b~14e‧‧‧ side wall

15a, 15b‧‧‧ rails

16‧‧‧Wangtai

17‧‧‧Guidance

18‧‧‧ rushing column

19‧‧‧ Spindle

21‧‧‧Machine base

22a, 22b‧‧‧ rails

23‧‧‧ machine pedestal

24‧‧‧Rotating machine

30‧‧‧Cylinder deformation detecting device

31‧‧‧Wire

32‧‧‧Use of components

33‧‧‧ hanging components

34‧‧‧Spherical bushing

35, 36‧‧‧ hanging stick

37, 38‧‧‧Measured components

37a, 37b, 38a, 38b‧‧‧measured surface

39‧‧‧weight

40a, 40b, 41a, 41b‧‧‧ distance sensors

42‧‧‧ Oil pan

43‧‧‧ oil

50‧‧‧NC device

T‧‧‧ tools

W‧‧‧Workpiece

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a working machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cylinder deformation detecting device.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the cylinder.

Figure 4 is a schematic view showing a state in which the cylinder is deformed in the X-axis direction. .

Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a state in which the column body is deformed in the Z-axis direction.

1‧‧‧Working machinery

11‧‧‧Base

12a, 12b‧‧‧ rails

13‧‧‧Cylinder base

14‧‧‧Cylinder

15a, 15b‧‧‧ rails

16‧‧‧Wangtai

17‧‧‧Guidance

18‧‧‧ rushing column

19‧‧‧ Spindle

21‧‧‧Machine base

22a, 22b‧‧‧ rails

23‧‧‧ machine pedestal

24‧‧‧Rotating machine

50‧‧‧NC device

T‧‧‧ tools

W‧‧‧Workpiece

Claims (4)

A working machine is a working machine that relatively moves a tool and a workpiece to process the workpiece, and is characterized in that: a saddle is provided, and the spindle that detachably mounts the tool is rotatably provided a column; the column is movably supported by the saddle, and is arranged to be movable; and the column deformation detecting means detects the column generated by the movement of at least one of the saddle and the column And a correction means for correcting movement of at least one of the tool and the workpiece according to the detection result of the column deformation detecting means, wherein the column deformation detecting means is provided with: vertical hanging a measuring portion suspended from the column; and a measuring means for measuring a distance between the column and the portion to be measured. The working machine according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the column deformation detecting means includes means for attenuating the oscillation of the portion to be measured. A working machine is a working machine that relatively moves a tool and a workpiece to process the workpiece, and is characterized in that: a saddle is provided, and the spindle that detachably mounts the tool is rotatably provided a support, a cylinder that movably supports the aforementioned saddle and is configured to be movable a column deformation detecting means for detecting deformation of the column due to movement of at least one of the saddle and the column; and correcting means according to the detection result of the column deformation detecting means And correcting movement of at least one of the tool and the workpiece, wherein the column deformation detecting means includes: a container attached to the column for accommodating a fluid; vertically hanging through a wire a hanging member suspended from the column; the upper end is supported by the hanging member via a spherical bushing, and has a first rod-shaped member of the portion to be measured; and the upper end is supported by the hanging member via the spherical bushing, and the lower end is supported a second rod-shaped member that enters the viscous fluid of the container; and a distance sensor that is attached to the column and measures the distance from the portion to be measured. The working machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the column deformation detecting means is provided in the column body.