1332879 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本案係應用於工具機’用以防止切削作業中粉塵飛散的防塵結構。 【先前技術】 已知諸如石墨、木頭、複合材料、陶究等材質以工具機進行切削或鑽 削作業時易產生大量粉塵，粉塵的顆粒非常細微，但是硬度卻非常高，若 防塵設施不航善’使粉縣人4機的結構系統中，將造成機件損壞甚 至電路系統短路》 已知的防塵料之-，係採水幕防，將水形細罩式的屏幕包圍 削切工作區，使_粉塵被水料住喊少向外歧溢。流下的水經由收 集、過濾而重覆使用。水幕防塵法的缺點包括： 水流太強，恐有沖壞工件之虞。 粉塵淤積於水箱中，清理不易。 某些不能接觸水的工件(例如應用於半導體設備的工件)不可用此種防 塵方式。 已知的防塵方式之一，係採乾式吸塵法，如第一圖，一吸塵管8〇固定 於主轴側，隨主軸上下或左右移動，切削粉塵由吸塵管吸出，再經過濾系 統過濾。乾式吸塵法的缺點包括： 基於吸塵管不能與工件碰觸、不能影響切削刀具之自動換刀等原因， 以致吸塵管及其進氣口離加工主軸及切削點有較遠的距離，而導致吸塵效 果不佳。 當切削刀具的長度很長時，進氣口距離切削點更遠，吸塵效果更不佳。 5 1332879 切削工作區為開放式空^，距離進氣口較近的氣流流速快，遠離進氣 口的氣流流速慢，以致離進氣口較遠的粉塵吸入量銳減，甚至無法被吸入， 而開放式空間使得切削粉塵四處亂飛，導致吸塵效果變得更差。 已知的防塵方式之三，係採防塵箱型設計，如第二圖，在切削工作區 安裝一防塵箱81，該防塵箱具有上開放箱口82，切削工件位於防塵箱中， 吸塵管83設於防塵箱之箱壁。防塵箱設計的缺點包括： 該防塵箱之上開放式箱口易讓切削粉塵大量飛散。 該防塵箱中距離該吸塵管進氣口較近的氣流流速快，遠離進氣口的氣 流流速慢，以致離進氣口較遠的粉塵吸入量銳減，甚至無法被吸入，吸塵 效果不佳。 s工件南度較南，使切削點在進氟口以上，距離進氣口較遠，切削粉 塵易從箱口飛散，而使吸塵效果變差。 【發明内容】 本案之目的係在提供一種工具機防塵結構，該防塵結構具有將切削粉 塵匯聚於⑽丨作區’吸純置可非常有效率的將粉塵從切肖彳二作區吸 除，可避免粉塵向外散佈。 本案之目的係在提供一種工具機防塵結構，其可適用於立式工具機或 龍門式工具機。 本案工具機防塵結構，包括： 設於一工具機之切紅作區之防塵箱，該防塵箱具-上開放式箱口； -設於該防塵壁用以連接-祕設備之汲吸管路； 6 1332879 -設於該防塵箱上方叫遮_上開放式箱σ的闕板，該防屑板與 該防塵箱的猶具預定之贿，使該防塵箱可峨移動；該防屑板上 設-供該工具機之主轴自由通過的主軸孔，該主軸孔依據卫具機之型式不 同而可設計呈不同型式’例如配合立式卫具機之主軸採圓孔形主轴孔配 合龍門式工具機之主轴孔採長孔形。 【實施方式】 為便於說明本案於上述發明内容一欄中所表示的中心思想，茲以具體 實施例表達。實施例中各種不同物件係按適於·之比例、尺寸、變形量 或位移量而描繪’轉財際元件的比齡以繪製，合先敘明。且以下的 說明中，類似的元件是以相同的編號來表示。 如第三圖，一防塵結構包括： «χ於工具機1之切削工作台18之防塵箱1〇，該防塵箱1〇具上開放式 箱口 11以及前啟閉式箱板12。切削工件位於防塵箱1〇中。 -設於該防塵箱1G侧壁肋安裝—没吸設備之>及吸管路14 ^所述的没 吸設備包括吸塵設備或排水設備。若為吸塵設備者，藉由槪吸管路鄕 吸該防塵箱10中的加工粉塵。若為排水設備者，則配合己知的水幕防塵法， 該防塵箱财的水以及溶於水的粉舰該汲吸管路14排除。 -設於該防塵箱1G上方㈣遮_上開放式箱σ彳彳的關板2〇，該防 屑板20可定位於該工具機j任何一處固定不動的物體上例如圖式中該防屑 板20疋被讀在該工具機彳的讎^。該防隸2()與雜塵箱彳⑽箱壁頂 緣之間具有很小關隙，使該防塵獅可以被⑽江作台18驅動而前後左 7 1332879 右自由移動。該防屑板20上攀一供該工具機之主軸自由通過的主轴孔21， - 該主轴孔21依據工具機之型式不同而可設計呈不同型式，例如配合立式工 • 具機之主歸圓⑽主概，配合龍Η^工賤之主概絲孔形。該防 屑板20可以是透明板’以便操作者觀察該防塵箱1〇内部的狀況。該防屑板 20也可以是不透明板》 該工具機1的主軸可以透過該主軸孔21而伸入該防塵箱1〇中，對切削工 件進行加工。該工具機1進行諸如石墨、木頭、複合材料、陶瓷等材質之切 • 肖,j或鑽削作業時將產生大量粉塵’該防塵箱1〇及該防屑板20將粉塵匯聚於 _ 箱中，因該防屑板20之遮擋’使該防塵箱1 〇沒有開放空間，配合汲吸設備， - 即可·塵_⑽粉塵抽吸及猶’因料會有任何的粉塵逸出該防塵 箱10外。抽吸的動作會使該防塵箱10内的壓力較箱外低，且因該防屑板2〇 與該防塵la 10的相壁頂緣具有很小的縫隙，根據白努力定律，在縫隙處的 氣流流速很高，高速向箱内流動的空氣可進一步阻擋箱内粉塵向外散出。 如第二圖及第四圖，該防屑板20係單一板片，其週邊被固定在該工具 _ 機1的側壁16或其他固定不動的物體上。打開該防塵箱1〇之前啟閉式箱板 12即可取放工件。 如第五圖及第六圖，該防屑板20包括-第一板體22及—第二板體23， 該第一板體22固定在該工具機1的側壁16或其他固定不動的物體上該主轴 孔21設於該第一板體22。可採取任何已知的手段(例如：鉸鍊)使該第二板體 23活動連接於該第一板體22的前邊緣221，且保持該第二板體23可開合的 活動性，並於閉合時與該第一板體22呈水平狀的連接在一起。操作者可手 8 動掀起該第二板體23 ’打開該防塵箱10之前啟閉式箱板12即可取放工件。 如第七圖及第⑽，該闕板2()包括H般及—第二板體a， 該第-板體22固定在該工具鍋側㈣或其他固定不動的物趙上該主轴 又於該第一板體23。可採取任何已知的手段(例如：鉸肺吏該第二板體 23活動連接於該第一板體22的前邊緣221，且保持該第二板體23可開合的 活動I·生並於閉σ時與該第一板體22呈水平狀的連接在一起。該工具機1的 側壁或其他固定不動的物體上可設置—第，掛物脚，該第二板體处 設第二勾掛物件31。操作者可手動掀起該第二板·，使該第—勾掛物件 30與該第二勾掛物件31相互勾合，即可定位㈣的第二板體Μ，打開該防 塵箱10之餘閉式柳2即可取放工件。所述的第—猶物賴包含但不 限於圖中所的附有勾子的鍊條，該第二勾掛物件31包含但不限於圖中 所描繪可與該鍊條之勾子結合的環圈。 如第九圖及第十圖，該防屑板20包括與第七鼠第塌相同的第一板 體22及-第—板體23。該工具機1賴壁或其他固定不動的滅上可設置一 動力缸32 ’該動餘32之伸縮轴33連接於該第二板體23。藉由該伸縮轴33 之伸縮而控制該第二板體23之開合。 如第十-圖及第十二圖’該防屑板2〇包括一第一板體22及一第二板體 23 ’兩者呈左右併合狀態’並在併合狀態時呈現完整的主轴子⑵。可採取 任何已知的手·卩x(例如省鍊)使該帛_板體22的左邊緣222及該第二板體23 的右邊緣232分別活動連接在該工具機w側壁16或其他固定不動的物體 上’且保麟第-板體22及該第二碰23可開合的活紐，並於閉合時與 1332879 兩者呈水平狀的連接在-起：上述的第—勾掛物件3()及該第二勾掛物件31 可進-步應用在此-實施例，以定位被打開的第__板體22及第二板體23。 上述動力缸32亦可進-步應用在此—實施例，而控綱第_板體22及該第 二板體23自_合。上述之應用是容易被相關技術者所瞭解並據以實施， 故未再以圖式表達。 第十三圖，該防屑板2〇係呈單一板片狀，可採取任何已知的手段(例 如.鉸鍊)使該防屑板20的左邊緣或右邊緣活動連接在該工具機彳的側壁16 或其他固定不動的物體上，且保持該防屑板2〇可開合的活動性。上述的第 一勾掛物件30及該第二勾掛物件31可進一步應用在此一實施例，以定位被 打開的防屑板20。上述動力缸32亦可進一步應用在此一實施例，而控制該 防屑板20自動開合。上述之應用是容易被相關技術者所瞭解並據以實施， 故未再以圖式表達。 如第十四圖’係表示本案防屑板2〇應用於立式工具機9〇。 如第十五圖’係表示本案防屑板2〇應用於龍門式工具機91。 雖然本案是以一個最佳實施例做說明，但精於此技藝者能在不脫離本 案精神與範疇下做各種不同形式的改變。以上所舉實施例僅用以說明本案 而已’非用以限制本案之範圍。舉凡不違本案精神所從事的種種修改或變 化，俱屬本案申請專利範圍。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係已知乾式吸塵法之示意圖。 第二圖係已知防塵箱吸塵法之示意圖。 1332879 第三圖為本案防屬板實施例一。 第四圖為實施例一取放工件之示意圖。 第五圖為本案防屑板實施例二。 第六圖為實施例二取放工件之示意圖。 第七圖為本案防屑板實施例三。 第八圖為實施例三取放工件之示意圖。 第九圖為本案防屑板實施例四。 第十圖為實施例四取放工件之示意圖。 第十一圖為本案防屑板實施例五。 第十二圖為實施例五取放工件之示意圖。 第十三圖為本案防屑板實施例六。 第十四圖表示本案防屑板應用於立式工具機。 第十五圖表示本案防屑板應用於龍門式工具機。 【主要元件符號說明】 1-工具機 21-主軸孔 32-動力缸 10-防塵箱 22-第一板體 33-伸縮轴 11-上開放式箱口 221-前邊緣 80-吸塵管 12_前啟閉式箱板 222-左邊緣 81-防塵箱 14-汲吸管路 23-第二板體 82-上開放箱口 16-側壁 232-右邊緣 83-吸塵管 18-切削工作台 30-第一勾掛物件 90-立式工具機 20-防屑板 31-第二勾掛物件 91-龍門式工具機1332879 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] This case is applied to a dust-proof structure of a machine tool for preventing dust from scattering during cutting operations. [Prior Art] It is known that materials such as graphite, wood, composite materials, ceramics, etc. are prone to generate a large amount of dust when cutting or drilling with a machine tool. The dust particles are very fine, but the hardness is very high, if the dustproof facilities are not voyage Good's make the powder county people's 4 machine's structural system, which will cause damage to the mechanical parts or even the short circuit of the circuit system.] Known dustproof material - is the water curtain prevention, and the water-shaped thin-cover screen surrounds the cutting work area. So that the dust is stopped by the water and shouted out. The water that flows down is reused by collection and filtration. Disadvantages of the water curtain dust-proof method include: The water flow is too strong, and there is a fear that the workpiece will be damaged. Dust is deposited in the water tank and it is not easy to clean. Some dust-proof workpieces (such as those used in semiconductor equipment) are not available for this type of dust protection. One of the known dust-proof methods is a dry-type dust-collecting method. As shown in the first figure, a dust suction pipe 8〇 is fixed to the main shaft side, and moves with the spindle up and down or left and right, the cutting dust is sucked out by the dust suction pipe, and then filtered by the filtering system. Disadvantages of the dry vacuuming method include: The dust suction pipe cannot be in contact with the workpiece, and the automatic tool change of the cutting tool cannot be affected, so that the dust suction pipe and the air inlet thereof have a long distance from the machining spindle and the cutting point, thereby causing vacuuming. not effectively. When the length of the cutting tool is long, the air inlet is farther away from the cutting point, and the dust suction effect is even worse. 5 1332879 The cutting working area is open air ^, the flow velocity close to the air inlet is fast, and the air flow rate away from the air inlet is slow, so that the dust intake far away from the air inlet is sharply reduced, and even cannot be inhaled. The open space makes the cutting dust fly around, resulting in worse vacuuming. The third dust-proof method is known as a dust-proof box design. As shown in the second figure, a dustproof box 81 is installed in the cutting work area. The dust box has an upper open box port 82, and the cutting workpiece is located in the dust box, and the dust suction tube 83 It is located on the wall of the dustproof box. Disadvantages of the dust box design include: The open box opening above the dust box is easy to cause a large amount of cutting dust to fly. The airflow in the dustproof box is close to the air inlet of the dust suction pipe, and the flow velocity away from the air inlet is slow, so that the dust intake far away from the air inlet is sharply reduced, and even cannot be sucked in, and the dust collecting effect is not good. . The south of the workpiece is southerly, so that the cutting point is above the inlet port and farther away from the inlet. The cutting dust is easy to fly away from the box mouth, which makes the vacuuming effect worse. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a dustproof structure of a machine tool, which has the function of collecting cutting dust in the (10) 丨 区 ' ' 吸 吸 吸 可 可 可 可 可 可 可 可 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , It can avoid the dust from spreading outward. The purpose of this case is to provide a dustproof structure for a machine tool that can be applied to a vertical machine tool or a gantry machine tool. The dustproof structure of the tool machine of the present invention comprises: a dustproof box disposed in a red working area of a machine tool, the dustproof box has an open box mouth; and a suction line disposed on the dustproof wall for connecting the secret device; 6 1332879 - a seesaw provided on the top of the dust box called the open box σ, the chip board and the dust box of the dust box are intended to be bribed, so that the dust box can be moved; - a spindle hole for the spindle of the machine tool to pass freely. The spindle hole can be designed in different types according to the type of the guard machine. For example, the spindle with the vertical guard machine adopts a round hole spindle hole with a gantry machine tool. The spindle hole has a long hole shape. [Embodiment] For the convenience of description, the central idea expressed in the column of the above summary of the present invention is expressed by a specific embodiment. The various objects in the embodiment are drawn in terms of the proportion, size, amount of deformation, or amount of displacement of the appropriate amount, and the age of the component is plotted to be drawn. In the following description, like elements are denoted by the same reference numerals. As shown in the third figure, a dustproof structure includes: «The dustproof box 1〇 of the cutting table 18 of the machine tool 1, the dust box 1 has an open box opening 11 and a front opening and closing box board 12. The cutting workpiece is located in the dust box 1〇. - The non-suction device provided in the side wall rib of the dustproof box 1G - the non-suction device > and the suction line 14 ^ includes a dust suction device or a drainage device. In the case of a vacuum cleaner, the process dust in the dust box 10 is sucked by the suction line. In the case of a drainer, the known water curtain dust-proof method is used, and the dust-proof tank water and the water-soluble powder ship are excluded from the sucking line 14. - disposed above the dust box 1G (4) covering the closing box 〇 of the open box σ彳彳, the chip preventing plate 20 can be positioned on any fixed object of the machine tool j, for example, in the figure The chip board 20疋 is read on the machine tool. The anti-library 2() has a small closing gap between the top edge of the dust box 10 (10) and the dust-proof lion can be driven by the (10) Jiangtai 18 and the left and right left left side 1 1332879 to move freely. The chip guard 20 is provided with a spindle hole 21 for free passage of the spindle of the machine tool. The spindle hole 21 can be designed in different types depending on the type of the machine tool, for example, the main function of the vertical machine tool Round (10) main outline, with the main wire shape of the dragon Η 贱 work. The chip guard 20 may be a transparent plate' so that the operator can observe the condition inside the dust box 1. The chip guard 20 may also be an opaque plate. The spindle of the machine tool 1 can be inserted into the dust box 1 through the spindle hole 21 to process the cutting workpiece. The machine tool 1 performs cutting, such as graphite, wood, composite materials, ceramics, etc., and generates a large amount of dust during the drilling operation. The dustproof box 1〇 and the chip preventing board 20 collect the dust in the _ box. Because the shield of the chip guard 20 makes the dust box 1 〇 no open space, cooperate with the sucking device, - can be dust _ (10) dust suction and any dust will escape from the dust box 10 outside. The action of suctioning causes the pressure inside the dustproof box 10 to be lower than that outside the box, and because the chip preventing plate 2 has a small gap with the top edge of the phase wall of the dustproof la 10, according to the law of white effort, at the gap The air flow rate is very high, and the air flowing at a high speed into the tank can further block the dust in the box from escaping outward. As shown in the second and fourth figures, the chip guard 20 is a single plate whose periphery is fixed to the side wall 16 of the tool 1 or other fixed object. The workpiece can be picked up and lowered by opening and closing the box 12 before opening the dust box. As shown in the fifth and sixth figures, the chip guard 20 includes a first plate 22 and a second plate 23 fixed to the side wall 16 of the machine tool 1 or other stationary objects. The upper spindle hole 21 is provided in the first plate body 22. The second plate body 23 can be movably connected to the front edge 221 of the first plate body 22 by any known means (for example, a hinge), and the movable property of the second plate body 23 can be kept open and closed. When closed, the first plate 22 is horizontally connected. The operator can pick up the second plate body 23' to open the dust box 10 before opening and closing the dust box 10 to pick up and place the workpiece. As shown in the seventh and (10), the seesaw 2 () includes a H-like and a second plate a, and the first-plate body 22 is fixed on the tool pot side (four) or other fixed object Zhao. The first plate body 23. Any known means can be taken (for example, the second plate body 23 is movably connected to the front edge 221 of the first plate body 22, and the activity of the second plate body 23 can be kept open and closed. When the σ is closed, the first plate 22 is horizontally connected. The side wall of the machine tool 1 or other fixed objects may be provided with a first object, a second object, and a second hook. Hanging the object 31. The operator can manually pick up the second board, so that the first hooking object 30 and the second hooking object 31 are hooked together, so that the second board body of the (4) can be positioned, and the dust box is opened. The workpiece can be taken up and removed by the closed cane 2. The first hook object includes, but is not limited to, a hooked hook in the figure, and the second hook object 31 includes but is not limited to the one depicted in the figure. The ring of the chain is combined with the hook of the chain. As shown in the ninth and tenth figures, the chip guard 20 includes the first plate 22 and the - plate body 23 which are identical to the seventh mouse. 1 a wall or other fixed stop can be provided with a power cylinder 32'. The telescopic shaft 33 of the movable 32 is connected to the second plate body 23. By the extension The expansion and contraction of the reduction shaft 33 controls the opening and closing of the second plate body 23. As shown in the tenth and twelfth drawings, the chip prevention plate 2 includes a first plate body 22 and a second plate body 23' The person is in a left-right merged state' and presents a complete spindle (2) in the merged state. Any known hand 卩x (eg, provincial chain) can be used to make the left edge 222 of the 帛_plate 22 and the second plate The right edge 232 of the trajectory 23 is movably connected to the side wall 16 of the machine tool w or other fixed object, and the retaining body of the Paulin-plate body 22 and the second touch 23 can be opened and closed, and when closed, 1332879 The horizontal connection of the two is: the above-mentioned first-hook object 3 () and the second hook object 31 can be further applied to the embodiment to locate the opened __ plate body 22 and the second plate body 23. The power cylinder 32 may be further applied to the embodiment, and the control plate body 22 and the second plate body 23 are self-contained. The above application is easily related. The technical person knows and implements it, so it is not expressed in the figure. In the thirteenth figure, the chip board 2 is in the form of a single plate, which can be taken by any known means (for example. The hinge movably connects the left or right edge of the chip guard 20 to the side wall 16 of the machine tool or other fixed object, and maintains the movable and movable activities of the chip board. A hooking object 30 and the second hooking object 31 can be further applied to this embodiment to position the opened chip guard 20. The power cylinder 32 can be further applied to this embodiment to control the defense. The chip board 20 is automatically opened and closed. The above application is easy to be understood by the relevant art and implemented according to the related art, so it is not expressed in the drawings. For example, the fourteenth figure indicates that the chip chip 2 is applied to the vertical tool. Machine 9〇. As shown in the fifteenth figure, it indicates that the anti-friction plate 2〇 of the case is applied to the gantry machine tool 91. Although the present case is illustrated by a preferred embodiment, the skilled person can not deviate from the spirit of the case. Do a variety of different forms of change with the category. The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and have not been used to limit the scope of the present invention. All kinds of modifications or changes that are not in violation of the spirit of this case are the scope of patent application in this case. [Simple description of the drawings] The first figure is a schematic diagram of a known dry suction method. The second figure is a schematic diagram of the dust collection method of the known dust box. 1332879 The third figure is the first example of the anti-subject plate of this case. The fourth figure is a schematic view of the first embodiment of the workpiece. The fifth figure is the second embodiment of the anti-flap plate of the present case. The sixth figure is a schematic view of the second embodiment of the workpiece. The seventh figure is the third embodiment of the anti-flap plate of the present case. The eighth figure is a schematic view of the third embodiment of picking up and placing the workpiece. The ninth figure is the fourth embodiment of the anti-flap plate of the present case. The tenth figure is a schematic view of the fourth embodiment of picking up and placing the workpiece. The eleventh figure is the fifth embodiment of the anti-flap plate of the present case. Figure 12 is a schematic view of the fifth embodiment of the workpiece. The thirteenth figure is the sixth embodiment of the anti-flap plate of the present case. The fourteenth figure shows that the anti-flap plate of this case is applied to a vertical machine tool. The fifteenth figure shows that the anti-flap plate of this case is applied to the gantry machine tool. [Main component symbol description] 1-tool machine 21-spindle hole 32-power cylinder 10-dust box 22-first plate body 33-telescopic shaft 11-up open box port 221-front edge 80-dust pipe 12_ front Open and close box 222 - left edge 81 - dust box 14 - sucking line 23 - second board 82 - upper box opening 16 - side wall 232 - right edge 83 - vacuum tube 18 - cutting table 30 - first Hook object 90-vertical machine tool 20-anti-chip board 31-second hook object 91-gantry machine tool