.九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 '· 本發明係與一種直流馬達有關，更詳而言之，特別是指一 、種可以較少線圈亟數達到較高動力輸出，並可大幅簡化組裝構 造、降低生產製造與組裝成本，同時提高組裝牢固性之直流馬 達。 【先前技術】 按’清參照中華民國專利證號第1260853號專利所揭示之 直流馬連，大致包括有一内壁固定有磁性元件之馬達外殼、一 組裝封設於馬達外殼—端之馬達蓋，以及—兩端分別樞設於馬 達外與馬蓋之馬達轉子，該馬達轉子上繞設有線圈，當電 流通過線圈時，可與馬達外殼㈣之磁性元件產生磁力作用， 驅使馬達轉子轉動，並藉以輸出動力。 惟，習知直流馬達之線圈繞設方式需要較多E數之線圈繞 ”成本4：量増力0外，所能提供之動力輸出仍有極大改善 丄間’其次’該馬達外殼與馬達蓋間之組裝牢固性與結構美觀 性較差’同時，該馬達轉子與馬達外殼、馬達蓋間之軸樞構造 較為複雜，構件數多，生產製造與組裝成本較高，另馬達外殼 内壁磁性Μ之定位效果較差，均是習知直流馬達構造亟待改 良之處。 【發明内容】 本發明提供一 種直流馬達，主要包括有一 内壁具磁性元件之 1323967 馬達外殼、一組裝於馬達外殼一端之馬達蓋及一馬達轉子；其 中，該馬達轉子係以每二相础鄰之凸極為一組進行線圈繞設，另 .. 該馬達外殼與馬達蓋間，以及馬達外殼内壁與磁性元件間之組裝 •w 構造，均較習知構造牢固，而馬達轉子二端與馬達外殼、馬達蓋 間之樞轉結構，則可被有效簡化。 本發明所提供之直流馬達，其線圈繞設方式可以較少之線 圈匝數，獲得較高輸出動力，同時，整體組裝構造簡單、牢固， 擊可有效降低生產製造與組裝成本，俾使整體更具實用功效。 【實施方式】 首先，請參閱圖一，本發明直流馬達之較佳實施例，該直流 馬達主要包括有一馬達外殼（1)、一馬達蓋（2)、一馬達轉子（3)、 一柱狀軸承（4)以及一球形軸承（5);其中： 如圖二所示，該馬達外殼（丨）係由金屬材料製成呈圓筒狀， 且具有第一端部與第二端部，該第一端部處形成有一容置口 • (14)’該容置口（14)之端緣處設有至少一定位突片（11)，以及至 .少二個嵌槽（12)，其中二嵌槽（12)係位於該定位突片（u)二鄰 侧，同時，該等嵌槽（12)—側分別設有一沿圓周方向延伸且可被 往徑向彎折變形之扣合片（13);另，該馬達外殼（1)内部設有軸 承定位槽（15)與擋壁（16)，該軸承定位槽（15)係靠近第二端部之 内部所構成。 請再配合參閱圖三，該馬達蓋（2)係由塑性材料所製成，且 6 1323967 具有一可穿套於馬達外殼（1)容置口（14)内之外周表面，該外周 表面套設馬達外殼（1)處凹設有一定位凹槽（21)、卡塊（22)與扣 - 合槽（23)，該定位凹槽（21)可供馬達外殼（1)相對端之定位突片 .. (.11)設置定位，該外周表面更設有三個預定形狀與大小之卡塊 (22) ，以及四個分別適當毗鄰於各卡塊（22)外側端處之扣合槽 (23) ，該等卡塊（22)可用以容納於馬達外殼（1)相對端之嵌槽（12) 内，並與嵌槽（12)—側相互抵止限位，該扣合槽（23)則可供馬達 • 外殼（1)相對端之扣合片（13)彎折後卡扣限位，使馬達蓋（2)可組 裝定位於馬連外殼（1)第一端部； 另，如圖四所示，該馬達蓋（2)在馬達外殼（1)相對端内部一 體成型有一彈性爪部（24)，該彈性爪部（24)周壁剖設有多數溝槽 (25)，可分別界定出多數個彈性爪部（24)，該等彈性爪部（24) 内部各形成有一弧形壁面（26)。 請再配合參閱圖五，該馬達轉子（3)其進一步包括有一轉軸 ® (31)、一穿套固定於轉軸（31)上之凸極（33)，以及繞設於凸極（33) 上之線圈（35);其中，該轉軸（31) —端穿套有一柱狀軸承（4)， 該柱狀軸承（4)其中心孔供轉轴（31)套設後，該馬達轉子（3)以柱 狀軸承（4)嵌置定位於該馬達外殼（1)相對端之軸承定位槽（15) 中，另端則穿套有一球形軸承（5)，該球形軸承（5)之球形外表面 可被馬達蓋（2)相對端各彈性爪部（24)所形成之弧形壁面（26)彈 性包覆限位於其中，使轉軸（31)二端可分別樞設定位於馬達外殼 7 1323967Nine, invention description: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] '· The present invention relates to a DC motor, and more particularly, it refers to a type that can achieve a higher power output with fewer turns of the coil, and A DC motor that greatly simplifies the assembly structure, reduces manufacturing and assembly costs, and improves assembly robustness. [Prior Art] The DC-connected horse disclosed in the Patent No. 1260853 of the Republic of China generally includes a motor casing having an inner wall fixed with a magnetic component, a motor cover assembled to the motor casing-end, and - The two ends are respectively pivoted on the motor rotor outside the motor and the horse cover. The motor rotor is wound around the coil. When the current passes through the coil, the magnetic component of the motor casing (4) can generate a magnetic force to drive the motor rotor to rotate and output. power. However, the coil winding method of the conventional DC motor requires more coils of E number. "The cost is 4: the amount of force is 0, and the power output that can be provided is still greatly improved. Secondly, the motor casing and the motor cover are The assembly robustness and the structural aesthetics are poor. At the same time, the axial pivot structure between the motor rotor and the motor casing and the motor cover is complicated, the number of components is large, the manufacturing and assembly cost is high, and the magnetic ridge positioning effect on the inner wall of the motor casing is also achieved. Poorly, it is a conventional DC motor structure that needs to be improved. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a DC motor, which mainly includes a 1323967 motor housing having an inner wall with a magnetic component, a motor cover assembled at one end of the motor housing, and a motor rotor. Wherein, the motor rotor is wound around a group of two adjacent phases, and the assembly and w structure between the motor casing and the motor cover, and between the inner wall of the motor casing and the magnetic component are compared. The conventional structure is firm, and the pivoting structure between the two ends of the motor rotor and the motor casing and the motor cover can be effectively simplified. For the DC motor, the coil winding mode can reduce the number of coil turns and obtain higher output power. At the same time, the overall assembly structure is simple and firm, and the impact can effectively reduce the manufacturing and assembly costs, so that the overall effect is more practical. [First Embodiment] Referring first to Figure 1, a preferred embodiment of a DC motor of the present invention includes a motor housing (1), a motor cover (2), a motor rotor (3), and a column. a bearing (4) and a spherical bearing (5); wherein: as shown in FIG. 2, the motor casing is made of a metal material and has a cylindrical shape and has a first end portion and a second end portion. A receiving port is formed at the first end portion. (14) At least one positioning tab (11) is disposed at an end edge of the receiving opening (14), and at least two slots (12) are provided. The two slots (12) are located on the two adjacent sides of the positioning tab (u), and the sides of the slots (12) are respectively provided with a fastening extending in the circumferential direction and being bendable and deformed in the radial direction. a piece (13); in addition, the motor housing (1) is internally provided with a bearing positioning groove (15) and a retaining wall (16) The bearing positioning groove (15) is formed close to the inside of the second end. Referring to Figure 3, the motor cover (2) is made of plastic material, and the 6 1323967 has a wearable sleeve. The motor casing (1) accommodates an outer peripheral surface of the mouth (14), and the outer peripheral surface of the motor casing (1) is recessed with a positioning groove (21), a block (22) and a buckle-closing groove (23) The positioning groove (21) is provided for the positioning tab of the opposite end of the motor casing (1). (.11) is provided with a positioning, the outer peripheral surface is further provided with three blocks of predetermined shape and size (22), and four Suitable for abutting grooves (23) respectively at the outer ends of the respective blocks (22), the blocks (22) being usable for being received in the recesses (12) of the opposite ends of the motor casing (1), and The groove (12)-side abuts the limit position, and the fastening groove (23) is adapted to be fastened by the buckle piece (13) of the opposite end of the motor casing (1), and the motor cover is 2) can be assembled and positioned at the first end of the Malian shell (1); further, as shown in Fig. 4, the motor cover (2) is integrally formed with an elastic claw portion (24) inside the opposite end of the motor casing (1). The elastic claw portion (24) is provided with a peripheral wall section majority groove (25), respectively define a plurality of elastic claw portion (24), (24) is formed inside each of these elastic claw has a curved wall portion (26). Referring to FIG. 5 again, the motor rotor (3) further includes a rotating shaft® (31), a salient pole (33) fixed to the rotating shaft (31), and wound around the salient pole (33). a coil (35); wherein the rotating shaft (31) has a cylindrical bearing (4), and the cylindrical bearing (4) has a central hole for the rotating shaft (31), and the motor rotor (3) a cylindrical bearing (4) is embedded in a bearing positioning groove (15) positioned at an opposite end of the motor casing (1), and the other end is sheathed with a spherical bearing (5), and the spherical bearing (5) is spherical The surface can be elastically covered by the curved wall surface (26) formed by the elastic claw portions (24) at opposite ends of the motor cover (2), so that the two ends of the rotating shaft (31) can be respectively pivotally set at the motor housing 7 1323967
(1)與馬達蓋（2)内部。 又，該馬達外殼（1)内周壁面固定有二對稱呈圓弧狀之磁性 .. 元件（17)，該等磁性元件（17)可分別為相反極性之永久磁鐵，且 k 該磁性元件（17)之一端與擋壁（16)相互抵止定位，而該磁性元件 (17) 之另一端間更以一定位扣件（18)相互抵靠定位，該定位扣件 (18) 具有一 U形段，該U形段二自由端各沿圓周方向外擴延伸有 一卡抵段（181)，可分別用以卡抵定位各相對磁性元件（17)之一 • 外側端緣，其定位扣件（18)之卡抵段（181)更延伸設有工作段 (182)，該工作段（182)可提供使用者，使用工具將定位扣件（18) 之U形段經彎曲或扭轉後置入二磁性元件（17)之一端，使該磁性 元件（17)經由定位扣件（18)與擋壁（16)相互抵止定位； . 如圖六至圖十一所示，本發明之馬達轉子（3)其轉軸（31)更 可在馬達蓋（2)相對端更設有一可供線圈（35)勾設之勾線部 (32);該馬達轉子（3)表面係設有多數個沿圓周方向放射狀排列 # 分佈之凸極（33)，該等凸極（33)間各設有一溝槽（34);如圖七所 .示，該線圈（35)係利用凸極（33)間之溝槽（34)配合轉軸（31)上相 對設置之勾線部（32)，以一選定之第一凸極為基準與第二區塊中 之凸極（33)作共同連續繞設預定匝數，該第二區塊之凸極（33) 係以第一凸極遞次的凸極（33)，該第二區塊之凸極其數量之計 算，為將馬達轉子（3)之總凸極數以2相除再減2所得的值，即為 第二區塊之凸極數量；故當總凸級數為8時，其第二區塊之凸極 8 (33)即為第_凸極與第三凸極；若當總凸級數為w時其第二區 塊之凸極⑶）即為第二凸極、第三凸極與第四凸極；若當總凸級 數為12時，其第二區塊之凸極(33)即為第二凸極、第三凸極第 四凸極與第五凸極。 田第凸極為基準與第二區塊中之凸極（33)連續繞設匝數 π成後如圖八所示，再以第二凸極為基準與第二凸極為基準的 第二區塊之凸極（33)作共同連續繞設預定隨；如圖九所示，為 本發明再以第二凸極為基準與第三凸極為基準的第二區塊之凸 極（33)作共同連續繞設預定隨^㈣；如圖切*，為本發 明再以第四凸極為基準與第四凸極為基準的第二區塊之凸極⑶) 作共同連續繞設預Μ數之示意圖；依此類推，直到全部凸極⑽ 繞設完畢為止以構成本發明之線圈(35)繞設，如圖十一所示。 本發明直流馬達之運作方式大致與習知相同，主要是在馬達 轉子（3)繞設於各凸極⑽上之線圈（35)内部遠以電流，使線圈 (35)產生之磁場與馬達外殼⑴内壁由永久磁性元件組成之磁性 元件（17)產生的磁場形成排斥與相吸之磁力作用，藉以驅使馬達 轉子（3)運轉，並產生動力輸出。 需特別說明的是，本發明馬達轉子⑶洲每二細t鄰之凸 極（33)為-組進行線圈（35)繞設之方式與組成構造由於可以較 •少之線圈（35)11數，達到較高之動力輸出，因此，線圈（35)材料 成本低，重量輕，且運轉效率高；其次，如圖十二與圖十三所示， 1323967 該馬達蓋⑵與馬達外殼⑴間設有相對之定位凹槽（2ι)與定位 突片⑴）、卡塊（22)與嵌槽（12)、扣合槽⑽與扣合片⑽，可 彼此在圓周方^與軸線方向產生設置定位效果，故整體組裝簡易 快速且牢固，更具較佳美觀性。 再者’該馬達蓋⑵與馬達外殼⑴内部分別利用一體成型之 彈性爪部⑽與軸衫位槽⑽，來供穿套樞設於馬達轉子⑶ 二端之球形軸承⑸與柱峰承⑷組裝定位之結構，由於可簡化 拖轉構造及減少經成構件，因此，除可有效降低生產製造與組裝 成本外，更可提高組裝效率，並確保組裝正確性。 .另如圖十四所示’該馬達外殼⑴内壁可為永久磁性元件之 磁性元件（17)，其預先設置於馬達外殼⑴内壁，再藉由定位扣 件（18)予以①置定位之結構設計，亦可用以提高磁性元件（⑺ 之組裝牢固性’防止其產生鬆動’進而影響磁力作用與運轉效 率；據此’本發明相較於習知直流馬達，確可達到上述諸多功效。 綜上所述，本發明在同類產品中實有其極佳之進步實用性， 同時遍查關外關於此類結構之技術倾，文獻_亦未發現有相 同的構造存在在先，是以，本發明實已具備發明專利要件，麦依 法提出申請。 惟，以上所述者，僅係本發明之一較佳可行實施例而已， 故舉凡應用本發明說明書及申請專利範圍所為之等效結構變 化’理應包含在本發明之專利範圍内。 1323967 圖十四為本發明直流馬達其局部剖面之立體示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1馬達外殼 11定位突片 12嵌槽 13扣合片 14容置口 15軸承定位槽 16擋壁 17磁性元件 18定位扣件 181卡抵段 182工作段 2馬達蓋 21定位凹槽 22卡塊 23扣合槽 24彈性爪部 25溝槽 2 6孤形壁面 3馬達轉子 12 1323967 31轉軸 32勾線部 33凸極 34溝槽 35線圈 4柱狀軸承 5球形軸承(1) Inside the motor cover (2). Moreover, the inner peripheral wall surface of the motor casing (1) is fixed with two symmetrical circular arc-shaped magnetic elements. (17), and the magnetic elements (17) are respectively permanent magnets of opposite polarities, and k the magnetic elements ( 17) one end and the retaining wall (16) abut each other, and the other end of the magnetic element (17) is further positioned with a positioning fastener (18), the positioning fastener (18) has a U a segment, the two free ends of the U-shaped segment respectively extend outwardly in a circumferential direction to extend a card abutting portion (181) for respectively positioning one of the opposite magnetic members (17). • The outer end edge, the positioning fastener (18) The card abutting section (181) further extends with a working section (182), which can provide a user to use a tool to bend or twist the U-shaped section of the positioning fastener (18). Inserting one end of the two magnetic elements (17) to position the magnetic element (17) against the retaining wall (16) via the positioning fastener (18); as shown in Figures 6 to 11, the motor of the present invention The rotor (3) has a rotating shaft (31) further provided at a opposite end of the motor cover (2) with a hook line portion (32) for the coil (35); the motor is turned (3) The surface is provided with a plurality of salient poles (33) arranged radially in the circumferential direction, and each of the salient poles (33) is provided with a groove (34); as shown in Fig. 7, the coil (35) utilizing the groove (34) between the salient poles (33) to cooperate with the oppositely disposed hook line portion (32) on the rotating shaft (31), with a selected first convex pole reference and a convex portion in the second block The pole (33) is jointly and continuously wound by a predetermined number of turns, and the salient pole (33) of the second block is a salient pole (33) of the first salient pole, and the convex number of the second block is calculated. In order to divide the total number of salient poles of the motor rotor (3) by 2 and then subtract 2, it is the number of salient poles of the second block; therefore, when the total number of salient stages is 8, the second block The salient pole 8 (33) is the first salient pole and the third salient pole; if the total convexity number is w, the salient pole (3) of the second block is the second salient pole, the third salient pole and The fourth salient pole; if the total number of salient steps is 12, the salient poles (33) of the second block are the second salient pole, the third salient pole fourth salient pole and the fifth salient pole. The Tiandi convex extreme reference and the salient pole (33) in the second block are continuously wound around the number of turns π, as shown in Fig. 8, and then the second convex reference and the second convex reference second block The salient poles (33) are cooperatively arranged in a continuous continuous manner; as shown in FIG. 9, the present invention further performs a continuous continuous winding of the salient poles (33) of the second block with the second convex pole reference and the third convex pole reference. Let the reservation be followed by ^ (4); as shown in the figure, the schematic diagram of the second continuous block of the fourth convex pole and the salient pole (3) of the second block of the fourth convex pole reference is used for the continuous continuous winding of the pre-turns; Similarly, until all the salient poles (10) are wound up, the coil (35) constituting the present invention is wound, as shown in FIG. The operation of the DC motor of the present invention is substantially the same as that of the prior art, mainly in that the motor rotor (3) is wound with a current inside the coil (35) provided on each salient pole (10), so that the magnetic field generated by the coil (35) and the motor casing (1) The magnetic field generated by the magnetic element (17) whose inner wall is composed of permanent magnetic elements forms a magnetic force of repulsion and attraction, thereby driving the motor rotor (3) to operate and generating a power output. It should be particularly noted that the motor rotor (3) of the present invention has a dipole (33) adjacent to each other, and the coil (35) is wound around the group and the constituent structure is smaller than the number of coils (35) 11 , to achieve higher power output, therefore, the coil (35) material cost is low, light weight, and high efficiency; secondly, as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13, 1323967 between the motor cover (2) and the motor casing (1) There are opposite positioning grooves (2ι) and positioning tabs (1), the blocks (22) and the slots (12), the engaging grooves (10) and the fastening pieces (10), which can be positioned in the circumferential direction and the axis direction. The effect is simple, fast and firm, and the overall appearance is better. Furthermore, the motor cover (2) and the motor casing (1) are respectively assembled by an integrally formed elastic claw portion (10) and a shaft position groove (10) for assembling the spherical bearing (5) and the column peak bearing (4) which are pivotally disposed at the motor end of the motor rotor (3). The positioning structure can simplify the towing structure and reduce the formed components, so that in addition to effectively reducing the manufacturing and assembly costs, the assembly efficiency can be improved and the assembly accuracy can be ensured. As shown in Fig. 14, the inner wall of the motor casing (1) may be a magnetic element (17) of a permanent magnetic component, which is pre-arranged on the inner wall of the motor casing (1) and then positioned by a positioning fastener (18). The design can also be used to improve the magnetic component ((7)'s assembly robustness 'to prevent it from loosening' and thus affect the magnetic action and operation efficiency; accordingly, the present invention can achieve the above-mentioned many functions compared with the conventional DC motor. According to the invention, the invention has excellent progress and practicability in the same kind of products, and at the same time, the technical investigation of such structures is thoroughly investigated, and the literature has not found that the same structure exists first, so that the present invention The invention has been filed in accordance with the law. However, the above description is only one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the equivalent structural changes of the present invention and the scope of the patent application should include In the scope of the patent of the present invention. 1323967 Figure 14 is a perspective view showing a partial cross section of the DC motor of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 1 motor housing 11 positioning tab 12 inlay 13 fastening piece 14 receiving port 15 bearing positioning groove 16 retaining wall 17 magnetic element 18 positioning fastener 181 card to the section 182 working section 2 motor cover 21 positioning groove 22 block 23 snap groove 24 elastic claw portion 25 groove 2 6 orphan wall 3 motor rotor 12 1323967 31 shaft 32 hook line portion 33 salient pole 34 groove 35 coil 4 column bearing 5 ball bearing