200826420 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係與一種直流馬達有關，更詳而言之，特別是指一 種可以較少線圈匝數達到較高動力輸出，並可大幅簡化組裝構 造、降低生產製造與組裝成本，同時提高組裝牢固性之直流馬 達。 【先前技術】 按，請參照中華民國專利證號第1260853號專利所揭示之 直流馬達，大致包括有一内壁固定有磁性元件之馬達外殼、一 、、且凌封σ又於馬達外喊一端之馬達蓋，以及一兩端分別樞設於馬 達外殼與馬達蓋之馬達轉子，該馬達轉子上繞設有線圈，當電 流通過線圈時，可與馬達外殼内壁之磁性元件產生磁力作用， 驅使馬達轉子轉動，並藉以輸出動力。 惟，習知直流馬達之線圈繞設方式需要較多阻數之線圈繞 口又除成本、重里增加外，所能提供之動力輸出仍有極大改善 空間；其次，該馬達外殼與馬達蓋間之組裝牢固性與結構美觀 性較差’同時’該馬達轉子與馬達外殼、馬達蓋間之軸植構造 較為複雜’構件數多，生產製造與組裝成本較高，另馬達外殼 内壁磁性s件之定位效果較差，均是習知直流馬達構造亟待改 良之處。 【發明内容】 主要包括有一内壁具磁性元件之 本發明提供一種直流馬達 200826420 馬達外殼、-組裝於馬達外殼_端之馬達蓋及—馬達轉子；其 中σ亥馬達轉子係以每二相田比鄰之凸極為一組進行線圈繞設，另 口亥馬達外成與馬達蓋間，以及馬達外殼内壁與磁性元件間之組裝 構造，均較習知構造牢固，而馬達轉子二端與馬達外殼、馬達蓋 間之樞轉結構，則可被有效簡化。 本發明所提供之直流馬達，其線圈繞設方式可以較少之線 «數，獲得較高輸出動力，同時，整體組裝構造簡單、牢固， 可有效降低生產製造與組裝成本，俾使整體更具實用功效。 【實施方式】 首先，請參閱圖-，本發明直流馬達之較佳實施例，該直访 馬達主要包括有—馬達外殼⑴、—馬達蓋⑵、—馬達轉子⑶ 一柱狀軸承（4)以及一球形軸承（5);其中： 如圖二所示，該馬達外殼⑴係由金屬材料製成呈圓筒狀， 且具有第-端部與第二端部，該第一端部處形成有一容置口 * 4)心置口（⑷之端緣處設有至少—^位突片⑴），以及至 少三個喪槽（12) m槽（12)係位於該定位突片（⑴二鄰 側’同時’該料槽⑽-側分職有―沿圓周方岐伸且可被 心向彎折變敎扣合片⑴）；另，料達外殼⑴㈣設有轴 承疋位槽（15)與擋壁（16)，該轴承定位槽（15)係靠近第二端部之 内部所構成。 塑性材料所製成，且 明再配合參閱圖三，該馬達蓋（2)係由 200826420 具有一可穿套於馬達外殼（1)容置口（14)内之外周表面，該外周 _ 表面套設馬達外殼（1)處凹設有一定位凹槽（21)、卡塊（22)與扣 • 合槽（23)，該定位凹槽（21)可供馬達外殼（1)相對端之定位突片 (11)設置定位，該外周表面更設有三個預定形狀與大小之卡塊 (22) ，以及四個分別適當毗鄰於各卡塊（22)外側端處之扣合槽 (23) ，該等卡塊（22)可用以容納於馬達外殼（1)相對端之嵌槽（12) 内，並與嵌槽（12)—側相互抵止限位，該扣合槽（23)則可供馬達 Γ ^ 外殼（1)相對端之扣合片（13)彎折後卡扣限位，使馬達蓋（2 )可組 裝定位於馬達外殼（1)第一端部； 另，如圖四所示，該馬達蓋（2)在馬達外殼（1)相對端内部一 體成型有一彈性爪部（24)，該彈性爪部（24)周壁剖設有多數溝槽 (25)，可分別界定出多數個彈性爪部（24)，該等彈性爪部（24) 内部各形成有一弧形壁面（26)。 請再配合參閱圖五，該馬達轉子（3)其進 < 步包括有一轉軸 I (31)、一穿套固定於轉軸（31)上之凸極（33)，以及繞設於凸極（33) 上之線圈（35);其中，該轉軸（31)—端穿套有一柱狀軸承（4)， 該柱狀軸承（4)其中心孔供轉軸（31)套設後，該馬達轉子（3)以柱 狀軸承（4)嵌置定位於該馬達外殼（1)相對端之軸承定位槽（15) 中，另端則穿套有一球形軸承（5 )，該球形軸承（5 )之球形外表面 可被馬達蓋（2)相對端各彈性爪部（24)所形成之弧形壁面（26)彈 性包覆限位於其中，使轉軸（31)二端可分別樞設定位於馬達外殼 200826420 (1)與馬達蓋（2)内部。 ' 又，該馬達外殼（1)内周壁面固定有二對稱呈圓弧狀之磁性 - 元件（17)，該等磁性元件（17)可分別為相反極性之永久磁鐵，且 該磁性元件（17 )之一端與播壁（16 )相互抵止定位，而該磁性元件 (17) 之另一端間更以一定位扣件（18)相互抵靠定位，該定位扣件 (18) 具有一 U形段，該U形段二自由端各沿圓周方向外擴延伸有 一卡抵段（181)，可分別用以卡抵定位各相對磁性元件（17)之一 Γ 外側端緣，其定位扣件（18)之卡抵段（181)更延伸設有工作段 (182)，該工作段（182)可提供使用者，使用工具將定位扣件（18) 之U形段經彎曲或扭轉後置入二磁性元件（17)之一端，使該磁性 元件（17)經由定位扣件（18)與擋壁（16)相互抵止定位； 如圖六至圖十一所示，本發明之馬達轉子（3)其轉軸（31)更 可在馬達蓋（2)相對端更設有一可供線圈（35)勾設之勾線部 (32);該馬達轉子（3)表面係設有多數個沿圓周方向放射狀排列 ί 分佈之凸極（33)，該等凸極（33)間各設有一溝槽（34);如圖七所 示，該線圈（35)係利用凸極（33)間之溝槽（34)配合轉軸（31)上相 對設置之勾線部（32)，以一選定之第一凸極為基準與第二區塊中 之凸極（33)作共同連續繞設預定ϋ數，該第二區塊之凸極（33) 係以第一凸極遞次的凸極（3 3 )’該第二區塊之凸極其數量之計 算，為將馬達轉子（3)之總凸極數以2相除再減2所得的值，即為 第二區塊之凸極數量；故當總凸級數為8時，其第二區塊之凸極 8 200826420 C33)即為第二凸極與第三凸極；若當總凸級數為10時，其第二區 ' 塊之凸極（33)即為第二凸極、第三凸極與第四凸極；若當總凸級 - 數為12時，其第二區塊之凸極（33)即為第二凸極、第三凸極、第 四凸極與第五凸極。 當第一凸極為基準與第二區塊中之凸極（33)連續繞設匝數 完成後，如圖八所示，再以第二凸極為基準與第二凸極為基準的 第二區塊之凸極（33)作共同連續繞設預定匝數；如圖九所示，為 (' 本發明再以第三凸極為基準與第三凸極為基準的第二區塊之凸 極（33)作共同連續繞設預定數之示意圖；如圖十所示，為本發 明再以第四凸極為基準與第四凸極為基準的第二區塊之凸極（33) 作共同連續繞設預定匝數之示意圖；依此類推，直到全部凸極（33) 繞設完畢為止以構成本發明之線圈（35)繞設，如圖十一所示。 本發明直流馬達之運作方式大致與習知相同，主要是在馬達 轉子（3)繞設於各凸極（33)上之線圈（35)内部通以電流，使線圈 、 （35)產生之磁場與馬達外殼（1)内壁由永久磁性元件組成之磁性 元件（17 )產生的磁場形成排斥與相吸之磁力作用，藉以驅使馬達 轉子（3)運轉，並產生動力輸出。 需特別說明的是，本發明馬達轉子（3)利用每二相毗鄰之凸 極（33)為一組進行線圈（35)繞設之方式與組成構造，由於可以較 少之線圈（35)匝數，達到較高之動力輸出，因此，線圈（35)材料 成本低，重量輕，且運轉效率高；其次，如圖十二與圖十三所示， 9 200826420 孩馬達盍（2)與馬達外殼（1)間設有相對之定位凹槽（2ι)與定位 大片（11)、卡塊（22)與嵌槽（12)、扣合槽（23)與扣合片（13),可 彼此在圓周方式與軸線方向產生設置定位效果，故整體組裝簡易 快速且牢固，更具較佳美觀性。 再者，5亥馬達盖（2)與馬達外殼（1)内部分別利用一體成型之 彈性爪部（24)與軸承定位槽（15)，來供穿套樞設於馬達轉子⑶ 一鳊之球形軸承（5)與柱狀軸承（4)組裝定位之結構，由於可簡化 (樞轉構造及減少組成構件，因此，除可有效降低生產製造與組裝 成本外，更可提高組裝效率，並確保組裝正確性。 另如圖十四所示，該馬達外殼（1)内壁可為永久磁性元件之 兹陡凡件（⑺’其預先設置於馬達外殼⑴内壁，再藉由定位扣 件⑽予以設置定位之結構設計，亦可用以提高磁性元件⑽ 之組裝牢固性，防止其產生鬆動，進而影響磁力作用與運轉效 〔率；據此，本發明相較於習知直流馬達，確可達到上述諸多功效。 ’”丁上所述本發明在同類產品中實有其極佳之進步實用性， 同日寸遍查㈣外關於此類結構之技術資料，讀巾亦未發現有相 同的構造存在在先，是以，本發明實已具備發明專利要件，爱依 法提出申請。 惟’以上所述者，僅係本發明之一較佳可行實施例而已， 故舉凡應用本發明說明書及中請專利範圍所為之等效結構變 化’理應包含在本發明之專利範圍内。 200826420 【圖式簡單說明】 圖一係本發明直流馬達之大部立體分解圖。 圖二為馬達外殼之局部剖面立體示意圖。 圖二為馬達外殼套置定位於馬達蓋之立體組合圖。 圖四係本發明馬達蓋内侧之立體外觀圖，並顯示有一體成 型之蓮花座構造。 圖五係本發明磁性元件與定位扣件之相對卡扣狀態圖。 圖六係本發明直流馬達沿圓周方向之側視剖面圖，但未顯 示繞設之線圈。 圖七係本發明直流馬達沿圓周方向之側視剖面圖，並顯示 第一凸極為基準為線圈繞設之示意圖。 圖八係本發明直流馬達沿圓周方向之側視剖面圖，並顯示 第二凸極為基準為線圈繞設之示意圖。 圖九係本發明直流馬達沿圓周方向之側視剖面圖，並顯示 第三凸極為基準為線圈繞設之示意圖。 •圖十係本舍明直流馬達沿圓周方向之側視剖面圖，並顯示 第四凸極為基準為線圈繞設之示意圖。 圖十一係本發明直流馬達沿圓周方向之側視剖面圖，並顯 示線圈之繞設方式與組成構造。 圖十一係本發明直流馬達沿軸線方向之側視剖面圖。 圖十三係本發明馬達蓋側之側視平面圖。 200826420 圖十四為本發明直流馬達其局部剖面之立.體示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1馬達外殼 11定位突片 12嵌槽 13扣合片 14容置口 15軸承定位槽 16擋壁 17磁性元件 18定位扣件 181卡抵段 182工作段 2馬達蓋 21定位凹槽 22卡塊 Μ扣合槽 24彈性爪部 Μ溝槽 26弧形壁面 3馬達轉子 12 200826420 31轉軸 32勾線部 33凸極 34溝槽 3 5線圈 4柱狀軸承 5球形抽承200826420 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a DC motor, and more particularly, to a higher power output with fewer coil turns and a greatly simplified assembly structure A DC motor that reduces manufacturing and assembly costs while improving assembly robustness. [Prior Art] Please refer to the DC motor disclosed in the Patent No. 1260853 of the Republic of China, which generally includes a motor casing having a magnetic member fixed to the inner wall, and a motor which is squirting one end of the motor and shouting one end of the motor. a cover, and a motor rotor pivotally disposed on the motor casing and the motor cover respectively. The motor rotor is wound around the coil. When the current passes through the coil, the magnetic component of the inner wall of the motor casing can generate a magnetic force to drive the motor rotor to rotate. And use it to output power. However, the coil winding method of the conventional DC motor requires a large number of coil windings, and in addition to the increase in cost and weight, the power output that can be provided still has a great improvement space; secondly, between the motor casing and the motor cover The assembly robustness and structural aesthetics are poor. 'At the same time, the shaft structure between the motor rotor and the motor casing and the motor cover is complicated'. The number of components is large, the manufacturing and assembly costs are high, and the positioning effect of the magnetic s pieces on the inner wall of the motor casing is also achieved. Poor, it is a well-known DC motor structure needs improvement. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention mainly includes an inner wall having a magnetic element. The present invention provides a DC motor 200826420 motor housing, a motor cover assembled to the motor housing _ end, and a motor rotor; wherein the σ Hai motor rotor is adjacent to each of the two phase fields. An extremely group of coils are arranged, and the assembly structure between the outer motor and the motor cover, and the inner wall of the motor casing and the magnetic component are both firmer than the conventional structure, and the motor rotor has two ends and the motor casing and the motor cover. The pivoting structure can be effectively simplified. The DC motor provided by the invention can achieve a higher output power by using fewer coils, and the overall assembly structure is simple and firm, which can effectively reduce the manufacturing and assembly costs, and thus make the overall more Practical effect. [First Embodiment] Referring first to the preferred embodiment of the DC motor of the present invention, the direct access motor mainly includes a motor casing (1), a motor cover (2), a motor rotor (3), a columnar bearing (4), and a spherical bearing (5); wherein: as shown in FIG. 2, the motor casing (1) is made of a metal material and has a cylindrical shape, and has a first end portion and a second end portion, and the first end portion is formed with a容口口* 4) Heart-shaped opening (at least - ^ position tab (1) at the end edge of (4)), and at least three funnels (12) m-slot (12) are located in the positioning tab ((1) two adjacent Side 'simultaneous' the trough (10)-side sub-department has "extending along the circumference and can be bent by the heart to change the snap-fit piece (1)); in addition, the material is up to the outer casing (1) (four) with bearing clamping groove (15) and block The wall (16) is formed by the bearing positioning groove (15) adjacent to the inside of the second end. Made of plastic material, and with reference to Figure 3, the motor cover (2) is made of 200826420 with a peripheral surface that can be worn over the inside of the motor housing (1) receiving opening (14), the outer circumference _ surface sleeve The motor casing (1) is recessed with a positioning groove (21), a clamping block (22) and a buckle/closing groove (23), and the positioning groove (21) can be positioned at the opposite end of the motor casing (1). The sheet (11) is provided with a positioning, the outer peripheral surface is further provided with three blocks (22) of predetermined shape and size, and four engaging grooves (23) respectively respectively adjacent to the outer ends of the respective blocks (22), The clamping block (22) can be accommodated in the recessed groove (12) of the opposite end of the motor casing (1) and abuts against the side of the fitting groove (12), and the fastening groove (23) is available. Motor Γ ^ The snap-fit piece (13) at the opposite end of the outer casing (1) is bent and buckled so that the motor cover (2) can be assembled and positioned at the first end of the motor casing (1); The motor cover (2) is integrally formed with an elastic claw portion (24) inside the opposite end of the motor casing (1), and the peripheral wall of the elastic claw portion (24) is provided with a plurality of grooves (25), which can be respectively defined A plurality of elastic claw portions (24) are defined, and each of the elastic claw portions (24) is formed with an arcuate wall surface (26). Referring to FIG. 5 again, the motor rotor (3) includes a rotating shaft I (31), a salient pole (33) fixed to the rotating shaft (31), and a convex pole (33). 33) an upper coil (35); wherein the rotating shaft (31) has a cylindrical bearing (4), and the cylindrical bearing (4) has a central hole for the rotating shaft (31) to be sleeved, the motor rotor (3) The cylindrical bearing (4) is embedded in the bearing positioning groove (15) positioned at the opposite end of the motor casing (1), and the other end is sheathed with a spherical bearing (5), and the spherical bearing (5) The spherical outer surface can be elastically covered by the arc-shaped wall surface (26) formed by the elastic claw portions (24) at opposite ends of the motor cover (2), so that the two ends of the rotating shaft (31) can be respectively pivotally set at the motor casing 200826420. (1) Inside the motor cover (2). Further, the inner peripheral wall surface of the motor casing (1) is fixed with two symmetrical circular arc-shaped magnetic elements (17), and the magnetic elements (17) are respectively permanent magnets of opposite polarities, and the magnetic elements (17) One end and the broadcast wall (16) are mutually abutted, and the other end of the magnetic element (17) is further positioned with a positioning fastener (18) abutting against each other, the positioning fastener (18) has a U shape a segment, the two free ends of the U-shaped segment respectively extend outwardly in a circumferential direction to extend a card abutting section (181) for respectively positioning and locating the outer edge of one of the opposite magnetic elements (17), and positioning the fastener ( 18) The card abutting section (181) further extends with a working section (182), which can provide a user to use a tool to bend or twist the U-shaped section of the positioning fastener (18). One end of the two magnetic elements (17) causes the magnetic element (17) to abut against the retaining wall (16) via the positioning fastener (18); as shown in Figures 6 to 11, the motor rotor of the present invention ( 3) The rotating shaft (31) is further provided with a hook line portion (32) for the coil (35) to be hooked at the opposite end of the motor cover (2); the motor rotor 3) The surface is provided with a plurality of salient poles (33) arranged radially in the circumferential direction, and a groove (34) is arranged between the salient poles (33); as shown in Fig. 7, the coil (35) The groove (34) between the salient poles (33) is matched with the oppositely disposed hook line portion (32) on the rotating shaft (31), with a selected first convex pole reference and a salient pole in the second block ( 33) for collectively winding a predetermined number of turns, the salient poles (33) of the second block are calculated by the salient poles of the first salient poles (3 3 )' In order to divide the total number of salient poles of the motor rotor (3) by 2 and then subtract 2, it is the number of salient poles of the second block; therefore, when the total number of salient steps is 8, the second block The salient pole 8 200826420 C33) is the second salient pole and the third salient pole; if the total convexity number is 10, the salient pole (33) of the second region 'block is the second salient pole and the third convex a pole and a fourth salient pole; if the total salient-number is 12, the salient poles (33) of the second block are the second salient pole, the third salient pole, the fourth salient pole, and the fifth salient pole . After the first convex pole reference and the salient pole (33) in the second block are continuously wound, the second block is referenced by the second convex reference and the second convex reference. The salient poles (33) are collectively wound around a predetermined number of turns; as shown in FIG. 9, (the present invention is further characterized by a third convex pole reference and a third convex pole referenced second pole (33) A schematic diagram of a common continuous winding of a predetermined number; as shown in FIG. 10, the salient pole (33) of the second block of the fourth convex pole reference and the fourth convex pole reference are further continuously scheduled for the present invention. A schematic diagram of the number; and so on, until all the salient poles (33) are wound up to form the coil (35) of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 11. The DC motor of the present invention operates in substantially the same manner as the conventional one. Mainly in the coil (35) of the motor rotor (3) wound around each salient pole (33), the current is generated, so that the magnetic field generated by the coil, (35) and the inner wall of the motor casing (1) are composed of permanent magnetic components. The magnetic field generated by the magnetic element (17) forms a magnetic force of repulsion and attraction, thereby driving The rotor (3) is operated and generates a power output. It should be particularly noted that the motor rotor (3) of the present invention uses a pair of salient poles (33) adjacent to each other to form a coil (35). The structure, because the number of coils (35) can be reduced, and the higher power output is achieved, therefore, the coil (35) has low material cost, light weight, and high operating efficiency; secondly, as shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. Show, 9 200826420 There is a positioning groove (2ι) and a positioning large piece (11), a clamping block (22) and a fitting groove (12), and a fastening groove between the motor casing (2) and the motor casing (1). 23) With the fastening piece (13), the positioning effect can be set in the circumferential direction and the axial direction, so that the overall assembly is simple, fast and firm, and is more beautiful and beautiful. Furthermore, the 5 Hai motor cover (2) and the motor The inside of the outer casing (1) is respectively assembled by an integrally formed elastic claw portion (24) and a bearing positioning groove (15) for pivoting the sleeve to the motor rotor (3). The spherical bearing (5) and the cylindrical bearing (4) are assembled. The positioning structure can be simplified because it can be simplified (pivot structure and reduced component parts) In addition to reducing manufacturing and assembly costs, it can improve assembly efficiency and ensure correct assembly. As shown in Figure 14, the inner wall of the motor casing (1) can be a permanent piece of permanent magnetic components ((7)' its advance It is disposed on the inner wall of the motor casing (1) and is designed to be positioned by the positioning fastener (10). It can also be used to improve the assembly stability of the magnetic component (10) and prevent it from loosening, thereby affecting the magnetic action and the operating efficiency; Compared with the conventional DC motor, the present invention can achieve the above-mentioned many functions. The invention described above has excellent progress and practicality in the same kind of products, and the same day is inspected (4). The technical data, the reading towel has not found that the same structure exists first, so that the present invention already has the invention patent requirements, and loves to apply according to law. However, the above-mentioned ones are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the equivalent structural changes of the present invention and the scope of the patent application are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention. 200826420 [Simplified description of the drawings] Fig. 1 is a perspective exploded view of a DC motor of the present invention. Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of the motor casing. Figure 2 is a perspective assembled view of the motor housing sleeve positioned on the motor cover. Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the inside of the motor cover of the present invention, and shows an integrally formed lotus seat structure. Figure 5 is a diagram showing the relative buckle state of the magnetic component and the positioning fastener of the present invention. Figure 6 is a side cross-sectional view of the DC motor of the present invention in the circumferential direction, but does not show the wound coil. Figure 7 is a side cross-sectional view of the DC motor of the present invention in the circumferential direction, and shows that the first convex pole reference is a schematic diagram of the coil winding. Figure 8 is a side cross-sectional view of the DC motor of the present invention in the circumferential direction, and shows that the second convex pole reference is a schematic view of the coil winding. Figure 9 is a side cross-sectional view of the DC motor of the present invention in the circumferential direction, and shows that the third convex pole reference is a schematic diagram of the coil winding. • Figure 10 is a side cross-sectional view of the DC motor in the circumferential direction, and shows that the fourth convex reference is a schematic diagram of the coil winding. Figure 11 is a side cross-sectional view of the DC motor of the present invention in the circumferential direction, and shows the winding mode and composition of the coil. Figure 11 is a side cross-sectional view of the DC motor of the present invention in the axial direction. Figure 13 is a side plan view of the motor cover side of the present invention. 200826420 Figure 14 is a schematic view of a partial cross section of a DC motor according to the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 1 Motor housing 11 positioning tab 12 slot 13 fastening tab 14 receiving port 15 bearing positioning slot 16 retaining wall 17 magnetic component 18 positioning fastener 181 card to the section 182 working section 2 motor cover 21 positioning Groove 22 block Μ snap groove 24 elastic claw Μ groove 26 curved wall surface 3 motor rotor 12 200826420 31 shaft 32 hook line portion 33 salient pole 34 groove 3 5 coil 4 column bearing 5 spherical pumping