TWI323818B - Liquid crystal display lighting apparatus - Google Patents

Description

1323818. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display apparatus and a lighting apparatus.先前[Prior Art] « The side light type backlight of the liquid crystal display device is provided with a light source on the side surface of the light guide plate, and a small reflective material disposed on the side of the reflection surface of the light guide plate The way it is reflected to the liquid crystal side. Because the light source is diffused light, the closer to the light source, the more it is necessary to reduce the probability of radiation to the liquid crystal side. As shown in Fig. 39, the diameter and density of the white paint spot in the vicinity of the light source become smaller. Setting (Patent Document i). However, since light reflected by a small point near the light source has a high beam density, it tends to be a bright spot, and a diffusion sheet is used in combination. Since the light passing through the back of the light guide plate is not reflected by the diffuse reflection (dif f used ref 1 ec t i on ), the closer the light source is to the light source, the more the efficiency is lowered, so that the reflector used is required. The light reflected by the diffuse reflection point radiates light within the critical angle to the liquid crystal side at the exit surface of the light guide plate, and is multi-reflected on the side of the reflection surface. The light that is irradiated to the critical angle of the liquid crystal is not the vertical direction but is the light that is oblique from the light source side. Since the oblique light causes a decrease in luminance, a method of disposing a cymbal between the light guide plate and the liquid crystal panel and converting it into a vertical direction is often employed (Patent Document 2). Since the diffuse reflection method is accompanied by multiple reflections, there are also repeated trial evaluations to equalize the brightness' development as a problem of inefficiency. In order to avoid this 4 1323818. The problem 'many proposals that make it close to parallel rays have emerged. i is continuously configured to interact with parallel light about 45. The metal vapor clock is reversed - a light guide plate with a reflecting plate disposed behind the light guide plate of the surface and the horizontal surface is proposed (Fig. 40, Patent Document 3). Since the light source is diffused light, and the distance from the light source is inversely proportional to the square of the 'light beam density', the brightness unevenness becomes large, and there are many elevation angle components near the light source. Therefore, it is necessary to reuse the light reflection through the horizontal plane. board. Since the above proposal has a large amount of elevation light in a portion close to the light source, the long side surface is at b10 by urging the distance from the light source. The range is slanted, and the short side is 30 to 50. The range is gradually increased on the basis of the incident surface, and the light guide plate which improves the unevenness of brightness is turned out (Fig. 4, Patent Document 4). The distance and the function of the inclination from the light source are not displayed. A quadrangular pyramid having a larger reflection area from the light source is formed on the bottom surface, and a lens having a reflection surface of a quadrangular pyramid as a focus is disposed on the light-emitting plate exit surface, and a parallel light is emitted to the liquid crystal side (Patent Document 5) ). Because the quadrangular pyramid is recessed, the parallel light cannot be incident, because the reflective surface of the bottom surface is far wider than the quadrangular pyramid. Therefore, the reflected light in the bottom surface illuminates the far lens surface and multiple reflections, so that the efficiency is reduced due to multiple reflections. Therefore, ray tracing is difficult. A parabolic Fresnel reflection mirror in which a plurality of endless belt-shaped micro-parabolic mirrors are arranged in a zigzag shape is proposed (Patent Document 6). The light that can be collimated in the plane of the radiation from the point source is limited to the direction of the parabolic mirror, so a mirror is used in combination. If the light from the combined mirror is on the paraboloid 5 1323818 • Mirror reflection, there is a problem of reflection in the direction of staggered parallel light. Patent Document 6 also proposes a method of reflecting light from a linear light source provided on a focal line of a parabolic mirror by a serrated Fresnel surface, but in this manner, parallel light reflected by a parabolic mirror and direct light from a light source Hybrid, the parabolic mirror has a very large beam density dependence, so uniformizing the brightness is difficult. The distribution 5 further reduces the transmittance (transmissi〇n factor) by a slope 45 in accordance with the distance from the light source. A multiple beam splitter method of the reflecting surface has been proposed (patent literature). Because the light source is diffused light', the diffused light passes through the beam splitter* near the light source, and the beam splitter that reaches the far side is only a parallel light component', even if the transmittance of the beam splitter is set to Straight lines will also become uneven. The example showing 10 aliquots 'the thickness becomes 30 mm in the kneading dimension of the width of 3 〇〇 mni' affects the weight and material cost. In order to reduce the thickness, it is difficult to increase the number of divisions in film thickness control, and the sputtering is a multi-process, and the manufacturing cost becomes high. In a portable machine, a light source using a white light-emitting diode is used for a light guide plate that is arranged in a concentric circular shape. However, since the bright spot is more prominent than the line light source, the diffusion sheet is used in combination. As shown in Fig. 43, 'Because the directivity range of the light source is changed from the outside to the dark, the number of light sources is increased to ease (Patent Document 8). The most orthodox shape of the direct light type is a box-type flat mirror array of cold cathode tubes (CCFLs). In the case of a thin type, it is easy to cause a tube, and it is possible to achieve uniformity by leaving the light source and using a mirror shape and expanding the sheet (Patent Document 9). Although the method of using the cosine function mirror is to show a uniform beam density (Patent Document 1). Due to the distance from the light source and the function of the pitch of the cold cathode tube, it is difficult to satisfy both the reduction in thickness and the reduction in the number of light sources. The shape of the mirror is proposed in a number of ways, although the ray trajectory is shown 'but the majority is not quantified, so the uniformity is not clear. The more the thickness of the diffusion sheet is increased, the more uniform the brightness is, but the efficiency is lowered by absorption. φ The color display of many liquid crystals is an additive color mixing method in which a pixel (p i X e 1 ) 3 is divided into 'color f i Iter' which is dispersed by a pigment of red, green and blue. The color filter is a method of absorbing an unnecessary wavelength component by a coloring material. Since the dye is soluble, it has the advantage of high dispersion in the transmission region, but in the process of the color filter substrate, the 'transparent electrode and the alignment film (aHgnment fHm) process become high temperature. The color and light resistance are not good, so the pigment method has become the mainstream.

The coloring of the pigment is carried out by the white light-irradiating pigment particles 'in accordance with the spectral characteristics of the reflected light. When the white light penetrates without passing through the particles, the color is lightened, and if the pigment content is too high, the transmittance of the transmission region is lowered to become dark. In order to increase the transmittance, 偻 姐 ^ ^ L && absolute characteristics steepness 'requires micronization, pigment dispersion ratio and film thickness control. By using a color calender sheet, it is not necessary to receive a light transmittance of 30% or less. 2/3 of the band is absorbed, so the light transmittance (1 ight 3 wavelength cold cathode tube luminescence spectrum 1323818. (spectrum) also contains many spectra outside the 3 wavelengths, if you want to fully isolate this In the equal spectrum, the transmittance of the transmissive region is also lowered, and the transmittance is further decreased. The transmittance of the color filter is the lowest among the liquid crystal devices, and secondly, the transmittance of the entire liquid crystal display device is about 45% of the polarizing plate. The rate is 8% or less. • The color filter manufacturing method in the liquid crystal substrate can be manufactured with a small number of processes, but the high res〇iution is difficult, so the photo etching method It is often used. However, cleaning, photoresist coating, exposure (exposure) for the black matrix (b 1 ackmatri X), red, green, and blue 4 layers ), development, curing process, 'private length' requires expensive equipment', so the proportion of the price of liquid crystal panel (liquidcryStal pane 1) is the most expensive. Because of the high luminous efficiency of cold cathode discharge tube, etc. , Often used in backlights, but the luminescence spectrum according to the wavelength conversion characteristics of the fluorescent material, also contains many spectra other than the three primary colors, in the standard color filter of NTSC (N ati ο na 1 T e 1 evisi ο n S ystem C 〇mmi 11 ee: About 70% of the US National Lu Television Systems Committee. Because of the strong demand for color reproduction (d〇1〇r reproduction characteristics) on television, by increasing the color filter The concentration increases the NTSC ratio, but this reduces the transmittance and increases the power consumption. Since the cold cathode tube requires an inverter and has a problem of miniaturization, it is a white light-emitting diode in a portable type or the like. The white light-emitting diode is a yellow phosphor that illuminates the blue light generated by the blue light-emitting diode to its complementary color, and is converted into white light by blue and yellow additive color mixing. White lighting use, etc. In the case of liquid crystal display, the reproducibility of red or the like is poor in the two-color method, so the additive color mixing method in which blue light is irradiated to yellow, red, green, or red fluorescent materials is However, in order to perform wavelength conversion on the blue light by the fluorescent material, the unbalance is twice as large as the ratio, and even if it changes over time, an imbalance occurs. It is necessary to make the light-emitting element and the fluorescent material change with time. Although there are also three-color chips in the same package, the focus of the small package is large. An imbalance occurs due to the directivity of the three wafers. In the application of color reproducibility, a method of mixing colors of red, green, and blue light-emitting diodes by a dichroic prism is adopted (Patent Document 11), but by three independent Optical systems can make the size larger and more expensive. The liquid crystal projector also uses color separation and color mixing, and because of the large irradiation area, it uses a high-intensity luminescence intensity such as a metal lamp, and a white light source of the color is decomposed by a dichroic mirror. Methods are often used. The ratio of the price of the color filter is high, and the light use efficiency is reduced to less than .30%. The number of segment eiectrode is reduced to 1/3, making it easier to manufacture the TFT substrate. Been proposed. The time division method is a method in which the display period of the screen is divided into 16 6 mS into red, green, and blue, and the visual residual image is mixed every 5.6 mS. The liquid crystal accurately expresses the color tone (t〇ne), and the color is a flat period in which the rising period and the falling period of the liquid crystal response 1323818 are deducted, and if the ratio of the flat period is low, both the brightness and the contrast are lowered. When the animation is played back in a time division manner, three images of red, green, and blue are scattered on the viewer's web and interfered by the resultant color break-up. A method of preventing this phenomenon is to insert a white, black or intermediate color in the fourth cycle (Patent Documents i 2, 1 3), but the response speed is required to be 2 mS or less in the 4-minute cutting method. Since the response speed of nematic liquid crystal is 50 mS to 100 mS, it is limited to high-speed liquid crystal materials such as bend alignment, ferroelectric Hquid cryStal, and antiferroelectric liquid crystal. The ferroelectric liquid crystal has a high-speed response, and on the other hand, due to a zigZag defect caused by a chevron structure, light leakage (1 ight leak) is liable to occur, making alignment control difficult. There is a difficulty in destroying the layer structure due to collisions. By arranging a light-shielding layer at the interface of the plurality of rod-shaped light guides, a color filter is disposed on the end surface of each of the light guide bars, and a white light source is disposed, or a plurality of color light-emitting diodes are disposed in the opposite direction. The light of the color difference is transmitted to the rod-shaped light guide body' by the method of supplying the liquid crystal stripe, and the liquid crystal panel itself does not use the color filter (FIG. 45, Patent Document 15). Since the display screen is a sub-pixel that cannot be clearly viewed, the normal stripe width is 10 〇ym. The order is not a rod shape, but the linear light guide body covers the light-shielding body and the laminated linear body. . Since the diffused light is conducted in the light-transmitting material separated by the respective light-shielding layers, the metal light-shielding film is absorbed for each reflection and is darker and darker. When the material has a lower refractive index than the light-transmissive material, 1323818 is diffused by the diffused light within the critical angle, so it mixes colors. In the manufacturing method of the laminated light-transmissive sheet, if the tolerance of the thickness of the light-transmitting sheet is accumulated, it does not match the pixel size of the liquid crystal. • Since the rear projector (rear pro jector) is directly projected from the rear to the glory and the screen, the size of the rear is longer. Therefore, by returning through the mirror, the depth of the projection lens can be shortened (Fig. 44). , Patent Document i 4). A wide-angle lens with a mirror j-piece and an angle of view of 60° in a screen of 10,000 mm and 560 mm in length requires a depth of about 5 mm. Since the number of lenses of the _ low-abration wide-angle lens increases and becomes high, there is a proposal to shorten the depth by using a mirror as a convex mirror. However, even if this countermeasure is adopted, since the depth is about 4 mm, the depth becomes a limitation in use. [Patent Document 1] 曰 特 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰 曰[Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Publication No. 1 〇 〇 〇 1 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利 专利Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei. No. Hei. No. 2005-353506 (Patent Document 9) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei No. Hei. No. s. Japanese Patent Publication No. 2_1 91 〇 55, Bulletin 1323818 [Patent Document 13] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 Ο (Π - 2 81 6 2 3 (Patent Document 14) 曰 National Special Kaiping 6- 1 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei No. Hei-2- 1 1 922 (Invention) Contents are changed according to the distance from the light source to the white paint point. The diffuse reflection mode of the density of the white paint spot is close to the light source. The white paint has a low density, so it is easy to become a bright spot. The need to use a diffuser together will affect the light efficiency, price, and thickness. The part close to the light source is white. Since the density of the paint is low, it is necessary to prevent the reflection of the light transmitted to the back of the light guide plate. Since the diffuse reflection in the light guide plate is oblique light, the contrast is lowered, so that the prism sheet is required to convert the probability center into the vertical direction. In order to perform multiple reflections and repeat the test evaluation, the brightness is uniformized and developed to be inefficient. Since the color filter absorbs unnecessary wavelengths, the three primary colors are obtained, so the light transmittance is about 30% or less. In the liquid crystal device, the transmittance is the lowest, and the transmittance of the entire liquid crystal device is 8% or less. The coloring in the color filter is reflected by the pigment particles, and the scattered light is generated in the vertical alignment and the curved alignment. In the black display mode, the oblique light illuminates the liquid crystal molecules to cause light leakage, which reduces the contrast. The color filter is photographicly etched. The method is printed with black matrix, red, green and blue in turn, so the number of processes is large, and the proportion of the manufacturing cost of the liquid crystal display device is the most expensive. 1323818 The wavelength spectrum of the three-wavelength white light-cooled cathode tube is the same as the wavelength, and also contains many Spectrals other than 3 wavelengths. Cold cathode tube converters will affect size, price, and efficiency. The color of the blue light emitting diode is illuminated by the white light emitting diode of the red and green phosphors. Balance) Significantly affects the mix ratio of materials. The red, green and blue light-emitting diodes are placed in the same package, and the simple color mixing method of mixing will make the color balance collapse according to the direction of viewing. The method of balancing is that the optical system is complicated and expensive. 5米以下以下。 The red, green, and blue light-emitting diodes are illuminate by the field period (field period) 16. 6mS three divided by 5, the display time is about 3mS, and becomes about 2. 6mS or less. In the three-division method, there is a problem that the high-speed motion is shifted into red and blue and the color separation is displayed. In the four-division method, a high-speed response liquid crystal of about 2 mS or less is required in the four-division method. The interface of the rod-shaped light guide body is provided with a light-shielding layer, and the light of the color difference is transmitted to the rod-shaped light guide body, and is supplied to the liquid crystal stripe panel itself without using a color filter due to diffusion light conduction - the light shielding layer is separated In the case of the light-transmitting material that is opened, the case of the metal light-shielding film is that the farther and darker it is absorbed. A material whose refractive index is lower than that of a light-transmitting material is transmitted by diffused light within a critical angle in the form of a moon, so that color is mixed. In the manufacturing method of the sheet, if the tolerance of the thickness of the light-transmissive sheet is accumulated, it does not match the pixel size. The primary color is not required. The color mixing method is broken by the fluorescent 3 color. Changed cutting mode 6mS buckle, green, out, but 〇 masking the lines, liquid in the layer of light-transparent liquid crystal covered by each reflection, if the rear projector directly projects to the screen from the rear, the size of the rear ^ ^ j 'Therefore, the depth is shortened by using a wide-angle lens through a mirror. In the vertical 560mm screen, the wide angle of 60 degrees of the screen is transparent, and the depth of one brother becomes about 500mm. Depth is a limitation in utilization. In order to prevent color mixing with the light source of the other colors, the light from the light source is formed into parallel light by the parallel light conversion means, and the parallel light is incident on the light guide plate in which the convex reflection surface 5 is dispersed and arranged in a terrace shape at a pixel pitch. The structure of the terrace-shaped light guide plate 1 that receives light from the light source as viewed from the side is a terrace-like structure in which the convex reflection surface 5 is disposed on the side of the reflection surface facing the liquid crystal side as shown in Fig. 1 . The convex reflecting surface 5 reflects parallel rays from the light source toward the pixels of the liquid crystal in the slightly perpendicular direction, and is a convex reflecting surface for expanding the pixel size because the convex reflecting surface is smaller than the pixel size. Although it is convex in the light-conducting light guide plate, it is concave as seen from the outside of the light guide plate. The sinusoidal reflection surface 5 is as shown in Fig. 2. If it is inclined to a critical angle or more, the 玎 is totally reflected. It is also possible to use a specular reflection layer for reflection. Although there is no limitation of the critical angle, the price is increased because a vapor deposition process is required. In the light source side of the convex reflecting surface 5, the relationship of the following equation is established between the inclination angle 0d and the incident angle 611 which are formed with the horizontal plane: [Formula 1] 0d=9〇° - θι From the total reflection condition θ 1 > Θ c ' has the following formula: [Formula 2] 0d <9〇. Since the light source is not a complete point source, it has a parallel tolerance, so 0 d f takes the tolerance of the tolerance. The display is flat; in the middle, the child is in the shadow. The reflecting surface enlarges the beam and expands to the surface of the illuminated surface. The width W of the transmitting portion is as shown in Fig. 3. The sum of the thickness of the light guide plate to the thickness of the liquid crystal transparent substrate of the two pixels of the irradiated body, and the radius of curvature of the convex reflecting surface of the convex portion of the convex portion of the circumferential guide It is expressed by the following formula: r, 2 . t . d / (w- d /, 2) • is a light guide plate of a terrace-like structure, so that the radius of curvature Γ can be changed uniformly according to the change of the heart caused by the position, uniformly Irradiation to the pixel transmission, the light from the light source is formed into parallel light by the parallel light conversion means and is incident on the light guiding element, so that the parallel light transmitted in the light guide plate is incident on the bottom surface of the light guide plate at an incident angle above a critical angle. The reflecting surface is totally reflected or reflected by the reflecting surface as a mirror surface, and the curvature of the reflecting surface is set according to the size of the irradiated object and the distance to the irradiated object, and the light beam is enlarged and reflected in the target direction. By using a three-color light source spot two-layer terrace-shaped light guide plate, the three-layer terrace-like step portion irradiated to the same pixel is shifted by the stripe pitch of the sub-pixel width, and can be prevented from being obstructed by the oblique reflection surface for the light source of the other color. Color display is not provided on the liquid crystal panel for color display. In order to form a convex reflection surface inside the light guide plate, it is composed of three layers, but if a convex reflection surface can be formed inside by extrusion molding or the like The same function can be achieved with a single light guide plate. If the convex reflecting surface is arranged linearly in a cylindrical shape, the Y1 base # S _ can be displayed in the liquid crystal surface as a straight line, but by the convex reflecting surface The bend is configured in a zigzag pattern to achieve a zigzag stripe. 4 The radius of curvature of each convex reflecting surface of the light guide plate is set by three layers according to the formula 3 and according to the distance between the width of the spring/4r 曰"" and the liquid crystal surface, but the distance to the liquid is different in three layers. Therefore, the radius of curvature is different for each layer. ;"' by using a two-color point source with three layers of terraced light guides

An oblique view of the state in which the stripe pitch of the I-view is shifted from the terraced section is shown in Fig. C". The radius of curvature of the convex reflecting surface that is irradiated on the same pixel is different from the three-layered guide ** in a state in which the radius of curvature of the liquid crystal surface side is temporarily set. The light source uses a one-color LED that is placed at the focal point of the off-axis parabolic mirror. The off-axis parabolic mirror can be converted into parallel light by throwing the thickness direction and the width direction of the light guide plate. The width direction of the mesh is set by the focal beam density distribution, the luminous intensity of the light source, the directivity, etc., and the width is increased to make the depth of the paraboloid longer. By shifting the stripe pitch of the sub-pixel width to the terrace-like step portion of the same pixel, the positive focal length refracting surface is disposed on the exit surface of each light guide plate and converted into a plane of curvature of the parallel light '胄 convex reflecting surface. Du Gengyi' and: by stacking three layers of the same shape of the light guide plate, the parallel light is incident on the sub-pixels of various colors, and the rod can be inserted into the beam.

The progress is not obvious. When the emission S of each of the light guide plates is arranged in a positive direction and is converted into parallel light from the refracting surface, the parallel light can be incident on the sub-pixels of the respective colors, and the layers of the radii of curvature of the convex reflecting surfaces are all the same. Therefore, since the light guide plate of the three-layer type is stacked, the mold manufacturing cost is inexpensive, and since it is one type, the manufacturability is also improved. The pixel spacing of the pixel is staggered by the three-color source and the terraced section. 16 1323818 The state of the difference is the outer parabolic mirror. The refraction surface is not shown. Figure 6. Due to parabolic use, if the light is blocked by parallel light, I becomes an uneven mirror. The concave sphere is obstructed and can be transmitted by the second power of the parabola φ at the point where the complex color is arranged. Let the parabola be [Equation 4]. y 2= 4 p X Let the parabola [Equation 5] 'and the light source use three-color light-emitting diodes. The points that are placed on the axis are the same as before, but because of the liquid crystal When the distance between the faces is the same as that of the three-layered terrace-shaped light guide plate with the positive focal length disposed on the exit surface side of the light guide plate, the oblique view can be generated in the mirror, so that the point light source is disposed at the focus. The source is located in the exit path of the parallel light, and the light source not only covers but also direct ray to the reflected parallel light. As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 4, etc., by arranging the light source at the focus of the off-axis parabolic mirror or the off-axis parabolic mirror having the focus at the path offset of the parallel light, the parallel light can be prevented from being guided by the light source to the light guide. The photodiode of the parabolic surface in the thickness direction and the width direction of the light guide plate is alternately arranged in accordance with the arrangement order of the liquid crystal stripes, and the parallel light of the plurality of colors can be supplied. The mirror is inversely proportional to the beam density and the distance between the source and the point on the reflecting surface, so the beam distribution of the reflected light is farther away from the first axis: the distance between the point (X, y) and the focus (p, 〇) For &, then 1323818 h =V~(x - p) 2+y2 =7 x2— 2 px + p2+ 4 px =X + p = y2/ (4 p ) + p due to beam density and light source and reflection surface The distance of the point is inversely proportional to the square of the second power. Therefore, if the beam density I is expressed as a function of y, then [[Formula 6] \ — \q/ {y2/ (4p) +p) 2 If p is 1, The range of 0 to 4 is shown as y, and as shown in Fig. 7, the beam density decreases as it moves away from the I optical axis. If the total beam is integrated over y in the range of 0 to 4, then [Equation 7] /〇4 I ο/7 {γ2/ (4ρ) +ρ) 2 dy = I〇/2p.[y/ (y2/ (4p ) +p) + 2tan_i (2y)] 04 =1 . 5 1 · I 〇 The curve showing the integral is shown in Figure 8. If the range of the optical axis close to the parabolic mirror is used in the light guide plate, and the reflection area of the light guide plate is set to an inverse function and corrected, the thickness can be suppressed and the beam density can be made uniform. The positional function curve of the step difference in the 1.41p parabolic mirror showing the focus p and y coordinates of the X coordinate is shown in Fig. 9, and the envelope of the light guide plate section is shown in Fig. 10. Although a parabolic mirror can produce parallel light, the farther the beam density characteristic is, the lower the beam is from the optical axis. In order to make the beam density in the open end of the parabolic mirror uniform, it is necessary to diffuse the light beam concentrated near the optical axis to the peripheral side and return to parallel light at the open end. Figure 11 is a diagram showing the principle, Θ1 is the angle of the beam that is enlarged by the light of 1323818, and 0m is the inclination angle of the mirror. The state in which the beam density is uniform is taken as the analysis result of the ray trajectory and is shown in Figs. 16 to 18. For the purpose of integrating the beam in the open end of the parabolic mirror, the total beam is obtained, and the mirror is equalized at the open end, so that the line connected to the coordinate is used to spread the trajectory of the ray. The total beam is equally divided in the vertical direction of the optical axis at the open end. The y coordinate on the beam-beam mirror that divides the total beam is obtained from the beam density distribution, and the X coordinate is also found. When the point between the point and the open end is connected, the diffusion angle can be obtained. The parallel light emission of the parabolic mirror 9 is shown in Fig. 11, and likewise, the angle of the inclination of the mirror is increased by one half of the diffusion angle from the increment of the parallel light. In order to find the tilt of the mirror, the slope of the tangent of the parabolic mirror 9 (s 1 〇 p e ) m and the slope of the normal line -1 / m are required. The slope of the point (X 0,y 0 ) on the parabola is differentiated by X to obtain [Equation 8] 2 · y · dy/dx = 4 p Equation by tangent, m is [Formula 9] y — y 〇=dy /dx · (X — X 〇) = 2p /y . (x — x〇) y = 2p /y〇. (x + xo) .·. m = 2 p / yo Since the normal is perpendicular to the tangent, 19 1323818 [Formula 1 ο ] -l/m = -y〇//2 p One of the German parabolic products, with a large face evenly | The light also bears light in the opening butterfly. The light of the point is large. The slope of the mirror is increased under the envelope of the parabola. The steep steep mirror surface is connected to the gently inclined surface. By splitting the mirror surface of the mirror, the slope of the tangential angle from the diffuse angle of the uniform parallel light is increased more than the parabola, and the beam density at the open end of the mirror t'. The mirror surface of the concave mirror is divided and the slope of the tangent of the parabola is steeper than the slope of the mirror, and the gentle tilt is faced to the focus side & The light source from the light source disposed at the focal point of the concave mirror is made to have a uniform beam density in the open end of the reflecting mirror of the surface which is larger than the parallel large beam, and the tangential slope of the 还 is larger than the tangential slope of the parabola. The refracting surface, which is converted into a mirror with a uniform beam density and parallel to the focus direction, is again irradiated to the concave mirror by the returning focus, and finally the reflected light of the inclined surface is increased by the tangential slope of the parabola. It is possible to distinguish between the inclination of the mirror surface and the steepness and the refinement due to the production by molding or evaporation, but the polishing is difficult. Therefore, the method of increasing the inclination to form a continuous curve is as follows. If the coordinates are moved to the rear, the beam density distribution and the integral curve must be calculated again. However, by repeatedly calculating the beam density distribution and the integral curve, the error can be extremely small. The distribution of the beam expansion in the point of the y coordinate displayed on the mirror is shown in Fig. 13, and the beam density distribution is shown by a broken line, and the integral curve of the beam density 20 1323818 is shown by a solid line in Fig. 14. The curve obtained by the above method is [Equation 11]

Y2=a . ρ · X— bXC 4. 5 < a < 7 . 5 , o^b , 〇 ^ ca is the axial length of the mirror, due to the inclination of the refractive surface of the positive focal length Has a width. In the case of a shallow mirror of x<2, the contribution of the second 顼^ is small.] It is not necessary to use the correction of the second term, and the uniformity is improved by adjusting 匕 as X becomes longer. A mirror having a length X, that is, a mirror having a large aperture y, such as the circle 7, is less marked as far as it is farther from the optical axis. The graph showing the curve and parabola in a = 5.8, h〇 υ~幺.5, c = 2, p=l of the comparative beam density uniformizing mirror is shown in Fig. 15. When the diffused light is incident on the positive focal length refractive surface, it can be returned to flattened light, whereby parallel light having a uniform beam density can be obtained. The angle at which the refractive surface for returning parallel light is displayed is shown in Fig. 12. The back is converted by the positive focal length refracting surface into a flat rod rate 03 for the interface of the warhead to the front axis [Formula 1 2 ] 03~~9〇° —tan-1 (sin^,/ in 2y γ, ni' <=〇S0,) For each of the diffusion angles, 03 is obtained, and a twist and a lens curve are formed. When the light-transmitting substance incident on the #######################

The positive focal length refracting surface is converted to a flat 捍 ^ U 16 . Not only parallel light, but also by refracting: the curve of the analytical result is uniformly diffused and convergent in the figure. The curve is converted into a beam density. The refracted light is converted by the plane of the plano-convex lens.

1323818 Μ & Beam Density Homogenization The diffused light reflected by the mirror is illuminating into the air, and the refracting surface becomes a complex number, and the display is formed by a plano-convex lens. [Formula 1 3 ] 0 2 - S 1 η 1 (η 1 / η 2 · si η Θ 〗) The slope of the interface for conversion to the plane parallel to the optical axis by the refractive index 03i [Equation 1 4 ] 〇 3 = yU ( s ίηθ2/ (η, /η, -co s Θ2) An example of a Fresnel lens which is not thinner than a plano-convex lens having a lens thickness of 丨55 is shown in Fig. 18. If it is incident on a positive focal length In the light guide plate of the refracting surface, the step difference of the terrace-shaped guide plate becomes constant, and the envelope becomes a straight line, so that the compensation method of FIG. 9 and FIG. 1 can be made thinner, because even the mirror which makes the beam density uniform is directly light. Stacking, the direct light is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Therefore, the distance to the illuminated surface is more uneven, and the beam is easily concentrated near the optical axis. Therefore, as shown in the figure, it can be attached in front of the light source. The light-shielding body having an opening restricts the light-collecting, and mitigates the concentration of the light beam caused by the overlap of the reflected light of the concave mirror and the direct light from the light source in front of the light source. The size of the opening hole provided in the light-shielding body can be set by the optical density of the light reflected by the concave mirror, Density and homogenization of the beam. An opening can be attached to the front of the light source. The light-shielding body is replaced by a convex mirror to improve the efficiency by reflecting the convex mirror to the concave mirror. Moreover, as shown in Fig. 20, the weight of the surface of the aperture portion provided on the convex mirror can be directly concentrated. 22 1323813⁄4 When the amount of transmitted light is set, the aperture portion is made into a concave lens to control the diffusion state. The reverse-opening and uniform-plate-shaped surface of the surface-conducting surface is formed. The 21~23 is made in both directions. The structure of the terrace-like convex reflecting surface - ie ^ light source is supplied to each color. When the liquid crystal display device - the display surface is the ΧΥ plane ' when the paper surface is the X-axis direction, the first direction is inclined to the yz plane. The micro-inclined reflecting surface converts the parallel light that is incident on the y-axis direction from the side of the light guide plate into the X-axis direction. The inclined reflecting surface having a small step difference in a distributed arrangement of the terraces has a curved radius of the liquid crystal panel side and a short convex reflection on the opposite side. The surface is independent of the position of the second tiny oblique reflection Lu. The enlarged beam can be a certain length in the y direction. If the beam is converted into the X direction in the light panel The second micro-inclined reflecting surface that is dispersed and arranged in a terrace shape expands the light beam by the convex full reflection surface and is incident on the liquid crystal panel located in a slightly vertical direction. The stripe pitch of the sub-pixel width is used by using the three-layer light guide plate. The second terrace-like section is illuminated by three light sources and can be colored. The convex full-reflection surface can reduce the length of the far side by increasing the radius of curvature of the incident side, so that the liquid crystal is incident on the liquid crystal. The beam density of the panel is uniform. Although the liquid crystal surface requires a color filter in the structure of one light guide plate and one light-emitting element, the liquid crystal panel of the three-layer light guide plate and the three-color light-emitting element can be used without using a color filter. Perform color display. Since the beam is enlarged by the convex mirror, the diffusion sheet can be used to improve the front brightness efficiently. By using two layers of the first and second terrace-shaped reflecting surfaces, the stripe pitch of the sub-pixel width is shifted by the second. The terraced section is poorly colored, _ with three light sources for color display. The three-layer light guide plates each have a light source of another color, and the parallel light is supplied by the parallel light conversion means. Figure 状态 is the state when three 23 1323818 are made on the same light guide plate. A positive focal plane is disposed on the exit surface side, and the distance dependence on the liquid crystal surface does not occur. The first convex reflecting surface is the same as the above, and the curvature on the liquid crystal side is shortened by half on the bottom side and the upper portion of the second terrace-shaped light guiding plate is lowered. When the display surface of the liquid crystal display device is the xy plane, the first terrace-like convex reflecting surface having a stepped-like step on the four sides expands the beam of the parallel light incident on the y-axis direction from the side surface of the optical element. In the second terrace-shaped light guide plate, the higher the light beam expansion ratio is, the higher the light beam expansion rate is. In the second terrace-shaped light guide plate, the convex reflection surface is formed into a cylindrical shape, and the liquid crystal surface is enlarged. Instead of a cylinder, it is corrected as a negative surface in the axial direction, and can be incident on the liquid crystal pixel without depending on the position. The cylindrical convex reflecting surface arranged in a terrace shape enlarges the parallel light of the long light axis inside the rod-shaped light guiding body, and reflects at a predetermined pitch, and is further disposed by being arranged along the emitting surface. A positive focal length refractive surface common to the focal point of the convex reflecting surface is converted into a rod-like structure of the reference element, and is emitted as a line light source and incident on the conductive surface. The parallel light is radiated by the cylindrical positive focal length refractive surface and irradiated To the convex reflective surface. Therefore, instead of the structure in which one of the light guide plates has the first and first reflecting surfaces, the two types of convex reflecting surfaces of the rod-shaped light guiding body and the convex reflecting surface of the light guiding plate are combined as shown in FIG. Therefore, the mold making is easier than the previous one. ^ By illuminating the three colors of the light to the three liquid crystal drafts 7L, the two-color staggered arrangement is dispersed in the three-layer light guide plate from the refraction path length, and the difference of the segments is yz. The light is incident on the lower part of the focal point and the opposite side of the opposite conduction side is parallel to the light plate. Cylindrical - terraced structure. It is a cylinder that displays the original reflection 24 1323818 surface, expands the beam to the pixel width with a reflecting surface, and mixes the three colors into the transmissive screen, and synthesizes it on the display surface for color display. The liquid crystal projector is incident on the projection lens after combining three colors. However, since the projection is enlarged by the three-layer reflection surface, it is possible to mix and match the three-color light on the screen without using cross dichroic prism. Simple and low price. The surface of the slightly wedge-shaped light guide plate having a terrace-like step on the xy plane is provided with a display original element. When the terrace-shaped reflecting surface is irradiated, the beam expanding function in the convex reflecting surface is expanded on the display surface located on the xy plane. The Lu image and the reflected light are reflected, and the small liquid crystal display original element image can be enlarged and displayed on the screen. Since the image is enlarged by the reflecting surface of the terrace-shaped light guiding plate, the incident liquid crystal display element has an elongated shape. In the case where only the image is enlarged in the oblique direction of the segmental hill, the image in which the thickness direction is compressed and flattened is required. The pitch of the step difference in the segment direction is not limited to the pixel width, and a plurality of pixels are projected on one reflecting surface to synthesize three colors on the screen for color display. According to this, the pitch of the step and the size of the reflecting surface can be enlarged. The display shows a state in which the first layer is red [the second layer is green G, and the third layer is blue β, and the convex reflection surface of the first segment is reflected by 12 pixels. The 12 pixels in the direction of the segment of the terrace are a, b, and c L from the lower side. The second paragraph will be omitted later. The fluorescing j is illuminated by a large facet energy image. If the first layer of convex anti-pixels is illuminated to the screen 'α, the second layer illuminates the green pixels to the same level, and the third layer illuminates the blue pixels to the same position. Then, at the 1323818 position on the camp, it is illuminated, Ag, Ab' is mixed on the screen. Similarly, the positions of B on the screen are irradiated with Br, Bg, and Bb, and are mixed on the screen. The following are all the same. It is not possible to distribute to a large number of pixels in an unrestricted manner. As shown in Fig. 2, compared with the front side of the convex surface, a wide area is illuminated in the rear side, and the rear side is the unit area on each screen. The amount of light is reduced. For a large number of pixels in each segment, the number of allocations is determined by the range in which the nonlinearity of the luminance is not significant. In order to project light projected on the xz plane by the projection display element disposed on the xz plane, the first terrace-like mirror is a micro-cylindrical mirror or a tiny z-axis in the plane axis direction. The conical convex mirror is arranged in a terrace shape in the X direction. According to this, the reflection center is converted into the X-axis direction by a micro cylindrical convex mirror or a micro conical convex mirror, and the beam is enlarged and reflected. By projecting a cylindrical convex surface of a second terrace-shaped mirror disposed obliquely to the z-direction with respect to the X y plane, a projection screen that is projected to a vertical direction on the xy plane can be disposed on the XZ plane Can also expand the display. The display element is imaged by three light sources by using two layers of the light guide plate that enlarges the image on the display surface of the X y plane and back-reflects the reflected light by the stripe pitch of the sub-pixel width. The enlarged display is displayed on the screen, and the projection display element disposed on the XZ plane can be enlarged. The transparent material of the light guide plate is P〇lymethyl methacrylic acid (PMMA) resin, alicyclic acrylic resin cycline-lefin resin, polycarbonate Polyester (PC), air, etc. are suitable. In the case of using a large screen display, if the light-transmitting material is made into a polymer 26 1323818 material, weight, price, molding distortion, and the like are affected. The mirror surface on which the vapor deposition film or the like is formed on the reflecting surface is required to pass through the three-layer light guide plate, so it is limited to the convex reflecting surface, and a masking process or an etching process is required. The transparent substance uses air to form a convex reflecting surface with a light-emitting substance and the incident side of the convex reflecting surface as a plane perpendicular to the parallel light, and the parallel light is incident.

When the surface of the total reflection convex reflection surface which is slightly perpendicular to the light beam which expands the reflected light on the emission side is formed of a light-transmitting material, total reflection can be used instead of the mirror surface. Since the beam is enlarged on the exit side, the plane is a slightly vertical exit surface, which is called a terrace-like total reflection panel. According to this configuration, since most of the light-transmitting layer is air and is a transparent polymer layer for forming a total reflection surface, it is possible to achieve lighter weight and cost. If the terrace-like total reflection panel is very steep, the branch is required to be damaged without impairing the optical characteristics. In Fig. 27 and Fig. 28, it is shown that the support substrate 21 which serves as the frame and the frame f is arranged on the back surface, and the thickness of the panel itself is increased and the rigidity is increased. Take the Marten wedge shape, if the mutual arrangement of the three-layer light guide plate is as shown in FIG. 5, it becomes a structure in which a thick portion is stacked. The thickness of the light guide plate of the slightly wedged tomb 4 j knives is thin to about thick, and the sufficiency is improved as shown in Fig. 29, and the reduction can be reduced to: 3. The light guide plate is enlarged by the interactive configuration. The thickness of the eve is 0 and can suppress the display of the transparent substance caused by the three-layer structure. The example of the genius and the machine is omitted in the figure. ^ Gas layer' and use ladder 3〇. 27 1323818, which supports the field-reflecting panel of the terraced food-reflecting panel in a wedge shape, has a width of 100 mm and a length of 560 mm, and the magnification is doubled, and the depth of the display element is 11 2 mm. . A three-layer terrace-shaped light guide plate is used, and the other space can be approximated to the screen. • In addition to the thickness of the frame, the rear projector can be formed in a depth of about 80 mm. When the under-lighting type liquid crystal display device is made thinner, since the light beam is inversely proportional to the distance from the light source, the tube photoshoot is likely to occur. By the inclined surface of the tilting, the A direction # incident from the lower side is changed to the + surface direction, and the inclined reflecting surface reflects the light conducted in the plane direction to the liquid crystal panel to obtain uniform illumination. In order to convert the traveling direction into a right angle, the inclination of the reflecting surface is 45, the thickness of the light guide plate needs the width of the concave mirror 22, as shown in Fig. 32, by dispersing the inclined surface into a terrace shape and guiding the water: surface, It can also be applied to a light guide plate that is thinner than the width of the concave mirror. Because the water level is transparent, it will transmit loss to the upper part. Therefore, by using the horizontal plane as a mirror and returning to the light source, and using the reflected light from the concave mirror 28 in front of the light source, the horizontal plane can be prevented from being transparent. The loss of the upper part. Since the mirror returned to the light source is formed by vapor deposition or the like, the addition of the process is required. However, if a retroreflection element is formed as shown in Fig. 34, it can be formed at the time of resin molding, which makes it possible to reduce the price. The returning reflection element has a corner cube or a right-angle prism, but because of the extension of the inclined reflecting surface, the right angle 稜鏡 is easier. In the case of the direct illumination type liquid crystal display device, the light direction incident on the light guide plate from the direct downward direction is converted into a planar direction by the inclined reflection surface ′, and the reflection surface is not illuminated, so that the light source is provided with the light source. Conduction in one direction of the end. The light source is disposed outside the end portion, and the twin crystal pixel of the triangular prism portion 曰 77 surrounded by the reflecting surface is illuminated for reflection in two directions of the opposite direction 13 1323818. As shown in the circle 33 and FIG. 34, the horizontal surface & the p > gimbal reflective surface 29 is dispersed into a terrace shape, and the hole toward the upper portion can be approximated by an aperture ratio. Set the brightness of the triangular prism portion and other guide π 汔 plate surfaces to match. In the case where the aperture ratio is small, the liquid crystal on the upper portion of the triangular prism can be enlarged by taking the aperture portion into consideration of the refracting surface. Converted from the second umbrella to a second. The inclined reflecting surface, the concave surface of the enlarged beam, and the reflection are reflected in the mirror. In addition to the end portion, in order to reflect the two directions in the opposite direction, as shown in Fig. 36, the liquid crystal pixels of the triangular prism portion surrounded by the reflecting surface are illuminated. Since the light source portion is obstructed in the three-layer light guide plate, it is necessary to impart light of other colors between the triangular columns (Fig. 38). The triangular column in the blue light guide plate 18 is divided into three directions of the light guide plate plane direction, the direct upper direction, and the adjacent triangular prism direction. These states are shown in A of FIG. The triangular prism in the green light guide plate 1G is also divided into three directions of the plane direction of the light guide plate, the direction directly above, and the direction of the adjacent triangular prism, but the blue light from the blue triangular prism is incident inside the critical angle of the inclined reflection surface 30. The blue light not only illuminates the upper part of the green light triangle column but also needs to be transmitted to the adjacent red light column. The state of the interface between the color-recording triangular prism and the light guide plate 1R is shown in Fig. 37, and the light within the critical angle is transmitted through the oblique reflecting surface. In order to form a total reflection surface, the red light prism column is formed into two layers 'c 〇 29 shown in FIG. 37. [Effect of the invention] Since the present invention uses three layers to convert the parallel light direction by the terrace-shaped light guide plate, and staggers the sub-pixel width. Since it is irradiated to the liquid crystal layer, the loss due to the colorless filter and the sheet can be improved by three times as the transmission efficiency of the liquid crystal device. Since the beam density distribution generated by the parallel light conversion elements is compensated by the step difference setting of the terrace-shaped light guide plate, illumination with uniform brightness is possible. Since the terrace-shaped light guide plate expands the parallel light in the direction of the target and totally reflects the light, the loss is less compared with the scattering method, and the design efficiency is improved, and the reduction of the member is possible. The case where the color display is performed by the liquid crystal projector is mixed by the cross-separating prism, so that the structure is complicated and expensive, but because it is mixed on the screen, the construction is simple and the price is low. [Embodiment] [Embodiment 1] An example in which a diagonal of 510 mm (2〇.1 type), XGA (10〇24x768), and side light is shown in Fig. 5 or Fig. 6 is shown. The picture size is 408_ horizontal, 306mm vertical, pixel spacing 399; czra, sub-pixel spacing 1 33 // ra. In order to convert the light from the light source into parallel light, a convex reflecting surface of the light guide plate inclined to the terrace-like cross section is provided. On the side of the reflecting surface facing the liquid crystal side, a terrace-like structure in which 384 cylindrical convex reflecting surfaces are arranged at equal intervals is provided. Since the terrace section difference of the light guide plate is smaller than the pixel size, the convex reflection surface for expanding into the pixel size reflects the parallel light from the light source toward the pixel of the liquid crystal located in the slightly vertical direction, and the convex reflection 30 1323818 surface does not need to be tilted. It is possible to reduce the reflection cost by forming the critical angle above the total reflection. Since the beam density of the parabolic mirror has a distance dependence, the segment on the bottom surface side of the light guide plate farther from the optical axis is made uniform. The light source is a focus of a parabolic mirror that is common to the thickness direction of the light source portion of the terrace-shaped light guide plate, and 64 light-emitting diodes of each color in the order of red, green, and blue. The light-emitting diode is as shown in Fig. 4 at a position that is deflected to the point where the reflected light of the parabolic mirror 9 is not shielded. In this embodiment, 64 light-emitting diodes each having a luminous intensity of 25 Omcd were arranged at a light transmittance of 40% to obtain a luminance of 307 cd/m2. [Embodiment 2] As shown in Fig. 21, in order to integrally form a light source unit and a light guide plate, a white light-emitting diode is disposed at an off-axis focus, and parallel light is supplied. Conducting from the side of the light guide plate to the depth direction of the paper surface, expanding the light beam by the first stepped surface, and reflecting the distance to the second terrace-like reflecting surface in the direction of the second terrace-like convex reflecting surface is different from the convex reflecting surface in the upper and lower portions. The side reduces the radius of curvature, and the enlarged convex reflecting surface is set to a critical angle or more for the incident light and the second convex reflecting surface is a cylindrical reflecting surface, and the distance from the crystal panel is different in the lower stage. Reducing the radius of curvature Because the beam is enlarged on the convex reflecting surface, there is no need for a diffusion sheet. Since the beam with a narrow emission expands the light, there is no need for a slap. Due to the use of all-reflection, there is no need for a reflector. [Embodiment 3] Layer, the distance of the optical axis is made, and the light and width sides are alternately arranged. ^(offset) In the example, the parallax parallel light is the field convex back by both sides. Because of it, it expanded for the first time. reflection. The upper part to the liquid ^ This way the light is directed, so the thick part of the arrangement side A vi of the slightly wedge-shaped guide plate is also arranged with JO丄8, so that the three layers of light guiding directions are the same. For example, the thickness of the light guide plate at 圄9η. is as thin as about 2/3. Because the configuration of the terrace-shaped light guide plate is slightly horizontal, if the three layers of light guide directions are the same, as shown in Figure 5, but as shown in Fig. 5, the structure becomes a thick part of the stack. If the father is matched with each other, the thick portion 5 of the wedge-shaped light guide plate can be compared to the thickness of the single layer of the entire light guide plate as shown in FIG. It is shown that the thickness of A is as thin as about 2 and the optical characteristics are the same as in the embodiment i. .2mm' becomes 8.4_. [Embodiment 4] It is shown that a fine county having an image of a light guide plate is disposed. "I. The opposite side of the thickness direction is broken into a flat beam. The anti-straw in the flattened light plate is dispersed and disposed in the light-conducting surface. The liquid crystal display device of the shape of the display element of 5夬> is enlarged to the large-surface liquid crystal display device 5l〇mmc?n 1 , J is as follows. Diagonal 0·1 type), XGA (1 024x768) picture size mm The vertical length is 〇4〇8 mm, and the pixel pitch is 399μιη. In the vertical expansion ratio 汸曰3, the vertical direction is displayed on the 50th day of the day. The pixel size of the display element becomes vertical 8 " The display size is the same as ^ 啖8 to m , horizontal and "Feng 399 " m. The shape of the liquid crystal display on the incident surface, the loam 4 α is not a piece of the thickness of the slender first plate is a single layer 6ππη, so if the three layers are stacked, the vine is added to the parent. The thickness of the first plate becomes 12_. L. Example 5] The opaque substance is the air layer, and the example of the back projector is an example of the full-reflection panel of Fig. 30. The wedge-shaped support of the terrace-like mechanism is shown in the figure. Reflective panel, slightly. Expanded with a book of 1 0 0 0 mm and 5 6 0_ For 50 face sizes, set u times 'depth to the edge of the displayed display element α 墁 size becomes 32 1323818 11. 2mm. Use three layers of the terraced skin guide to the street-shaped guide nine-plate, the other can be used to the screen The space so far is about 30πππ' except for the itching of the frame of the plum; in addition, it can form the rear projector in depth. _ The transparent substance uses air, & ^ is to form a convex reflecting surface to transmit light and to The incident side of the convex reflecting surface is a plane perpendicular to the parallel light, and the parallel light is incident on the total reflection convex reflecting surface. The surface which is slightly perpendicular to the light beam which expands the reflected light on the emitting side is composed of a light transmitting material. In this configuration, since most of the light-transmitting layer is air, it is a transparent polymer layer for forming a total reflection surface.

Lightweight and cost-cutting can be achieved. When the terrace-like total reflection panel is made very thin, the rigidity is lowered, and support is required in order not to impair the optical characteristics, and an example in which the support substrate 21 which also serves as a frame is displayed on the back surface is shown. [Embodiment 6] A cold cathode tube using three colors is shown. The direction of light incident directly from below is converted into a planar direction by a tilted reflecting surface, and the light transmitted in the planar direction is reflected to the liquid crystal panel by the inclined reflecting surface. Figure 35. The light source portion uses a concave mirror that converts the beam density into uniform parallel light, and the inclined surface that is converted from the direct downward direction into the plane direction of the light guide plate is dispersedly arranged in a terrace shape and can return the horizontal surface to the aperture width of the concave mirror by the return reflecting member. thin. The light irradiated on the outside of the inclined reflecting surface is returned to the light source by the returning reflection element, and the reflected light of the concave mirror 28 in front of the light source in the mirror is made uniform by the beam density, and finally emitted to the plane direction of the light guide plate. When the horizontal portion which is disposed on the inclined reflecting surface is formed as shown in Fig. 34, it can be formed at the time of resin molding, so that it is possible to reduce the price. Since the returning reflection element is extended on the inclined reflecting surface, it is formed at a right angle 稜鏡 33 and returned to the light source, and the four rows are reflected again and emitted to the plane direction of the light guiding plate. [Simple description of the map]

A diagram of a state in which the sub-pixel width is irradiated. 2 is a view showing a state in which a parallel light is enlarged and totally reflected by a convex convex reflecting surface of a terrace-shaped light guiding plate. FIG. 3 is a view showing an angle and a size of a sub-pixel width by expanding a light beam by a convex reflecting surface. Diagram of the relationship. Fig. 4 is a view showing a state in which three-color parallel light is shifted by a sub-pixel width and irradiated to a liquid crystal layer by using a three-layer terrace-shaped light guide plate. Fig. 5 is a perspective view showing a state in which a parabolic mirror is disposed on a three-layer light guide plate in both the width and the depth direction. Fig. 6 is a view showing a state in which a positive focal length refractive surface is disposed on an emitting portion of each layer of the light guiding plate and parallel light is irradiated to the sub-pixel. Fig. 7 is a view showing a beam density distribution of a parabolic mirror in a range in which y is positive. Fig. 8 is a graph showing the distribution of the beam density distribution to the parabolic mirror in a range in which y is positive. Fig. 9 is a view showing a step distribution of a light guide plate for homogenizing the density of parallel light beams reflected by a parabolic mirror. 34 1323818 Figure ίο is a diagram showing the thickness distribution of a light guide plate for homogenizing the beam density. Fig. 11 is a view showing the slope of the oblique reflected light and the reflecting surface for making the beam density of the parabolic mirror uniform. Fig. 12 is a view showing an angular state in which obliquely reflected light for homogenizing a beam density of a parabolic mirror is converted into parallel light by a refractive surface. Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the oblique distribution of obliquely reflected light for equalizing the beam density. Fig. 14 is a graph showing the integration of the beam density distribution and the beam density reflected by the beam density uniformizing mirror. Fig. 15 is a view showing a curve in which the beam density is uniformized by a mirror or a parabolic mirror in a range in which y is positive. Fig. 16 is a view showing parallel light having a uniform beam density reflected by a beam density uniformizing mirror and a plano-convex lens. Fig. 17 is a view showing parallel light having a uniform beam density reflected by a beam density uniformizing mirror and a positive focal length refractive surface. Fig. 18 is a view showing parallel light having a uniform beam density reflected by a beam density uniformizing mirror and a Fresnel lens. Fig. 19 is a view showing a state in which direct light in front of a light source is reflected by a concave mirror, and the transmitted light transmitted from the front concave mirror aperture portion is irradiated as a uniformity of the beam density. Fig. 20 is a view showing a state in which the transmitted light transmitted from the front concave mirror aperture portion is diffused by the lens diffusion. Fig. 21 is a view showing a configuration in which the respective layers are illuminated by one light source, and the light in the depth direction is converted into the second terrace-like reflecting surface by the first terrace-like reflection 35 - o δ δ surface - the terrace-like reflecting surface is irradiated onto the liquid crystal panel. Fig. 22 is a view showing a configuration in which the beam-expanded light after the light in the direction of the first-treading direction/clothing direction is converted into the direction parallel to the first terrace-like reflecting surface by the positive focal length refractive surface. The circle 2 3 is a view showing the shape of the light guide plate in which the respective layers are slightly wedge-shaped by one light source. FIG. 24 is a view showing a state in which an elongated 'illuminated parallel light is disposed on the incident portion of the light guide plate and enlarged by the light guide plate. FIG. 25 is a view showing that the parallel light is irradiated onto the field-shaped reflecting surface of the projected original element to convert the light in the depth direction into the first direction. The two terraces are diagrams of a liquid crystal display device that irradiates a plurality of pixels with a second terrace-like reflecting surface. Fig. 26 is a view showing a state in which the depth direction of the second terrace-shaped reflecting surface is suppressed from being expanded by the beam-expanding light in the depth direction of the first terrace-like reflecting surface. Figure 27 is a view showing a first terrace-like reflecting surface in which the light-transmitting layer is made air and the rear-projection body is formed to convert the light in the depth direction. Figure 28 is a view showing that the light-transmitting layer is mostly air and is formed into a first terrace-like reflection. Side view of a two-story terrace-like reflecting surface structure machine. Fig. 29 is a view showing the configuration of a light guide plate in which the layers are alternately arranged in a slightly wedge shape. The direction is converted by the first reflecting surface and transmitted to the ground to form a liquid crystal display element. 'A light machine that produces a concave ray with a first step-like reflective surface screen, and a thin-shaped shape formed by a plate-like state in a plate-like state. 36 1323818 FIG. 30 shows the light-transmitting layer. A side view of a rear projector in which a plurality of terrace-like reflecting surfaces are formed by forming a second terrace-like reflecting surface with a thick portion and a three-layered terrace-like reflecting surface. Fig. 31 is a view showing the configuration of side light composed of three color cold cathode tubes using a three-layer terrace-shaped light guide plate. Fig. 32 is a view showing a state in which parallel light having a uniform beam density generated by a direct type backlight is converted into a direction parallel to the light guide plate with an inclined reflecting surface. Fig. 3 is a view showing a state in which the inclined surface is dispersed in a terrace shape, the horizontal plane is made into a mirror, and returned to the light source and then reflected to prevent loss to the horizontal surface portion. Fig. 34 is a diagram showing a state in which the portion returned to the light source is a returning reflection element and returned to the light source. Fig. 35 is a view showing the configuration of a direct-back type backlight in which three-color cold cathode tubes are disposed at the ends using a three-layer terrace-shaped light guide plate. Fig. 36 is a view showing a principle in which the light guide plate of one layer is used to disperse the reflection surface in the horizontal direction into a terrace shape, and the brightness of the triangular prism portion and the other light guide plate surfaces are aligned with the setting of the aperture ratio toward the upper portion. Fig. 37 is a view showing the principle of conducting the lowermost triangular prism of the triangular prism portion for distributing the light to the direct-down type backlight composed of the three-color cold cathode tube to the upper triangular prism using a three-layer terrace-shaped light guide plate. Figure 38 is a view showing the constitution of a triangular-column portion using a three-layer terrace-shaped light guide plate for distributing light to a direct-down type backlight composed of three-color cold cathode tubes. Figure 39 is a view showing a diffuse reflection point. A diagram of the composition of a conventional light guide plate. Fig. 40 is a view showing the configuration of a conventional light guide plate for reflecting diffused light from a cold cathode tube by a slanted reflecting surface. Fig. 41 is a view showing the configuration of a conventional light guide plate using a slope in the vicinity of a light source as a parameter, and a step of a large m-square of a gentleman's ^ + τ spoon. Fig. 42 is a view showing the configuration of a conventional mirror constructed by a wave mirror of a direct type backlight. φ Fig. 43 is a view showing the construction and the uniform view of the side light for a portable portable machine. . Yuan Line FIG. 44 is a diagram showing the construction of a conventional rear projector. Fig. 45 is a view showing a structure of a conventional light guide plate in which a light guide having a light shielding layer in a stripe width is laminated and a color filter is used. [Description of main component symbols] I: terraced light guide plate _ 2 : sub-pixel 3 : gap 5 : convex reflection surface . 7 : point light source 8 : line light source 9 : parabolic mirror II : concave lens 1 2 . polarizing plate 1323818 1 3 : Transparent substrate 14 4. Liquid crystal layer 15: Parallel light 2 0: Wiring substrate 22: Beam uniformization Concave mirror 23: Positive focal length refractive surface 24: Convex mirror 2 5: Slit 27: Rod-shaped light guide 28: Concave mirror 29: Reflection Face 30: triangular prism 31: mirror 33: total reflection light 34: return reflection element 36: negative focal length refractive surface 3 7 : low refractive index layer 39: light transmissive substance 40: focus 4 3 · liquid crystal panel 51: screen 5 2 . Projection original handle 56: Projection device 58: diffusion material layer 39 1323818 60: diffusion material 61: 稜鏡 62: diffuse reflection point layer 66: light shielding body 40

Claims (1)

VII. Patent application scope: 1. A liquid crystal display illumination device, characterized in that: the convex reflection surface set as follows is dispersed and arranged on the bottom surface of the guide to form a terrace shape according to the pixel pitch: according to the irradiated size w, to the illuminated surface t, the oblique width d of the convex reflecting surface, the radius of curvature r is r = 2 · t · d / (Wd / ^ 2) to convert the light from the light source into parallel light by means of parallel switching by a critical angle or more And conducting the parallel light incident_convex reflective surface in the light guide plate, performing total reflection or specular reflection, expanding the light beam and reflecting the light guide plate of the illumination surface as a constituent element, by using a three-color light source and three layers of the light guide plate, The color zone light is incident on each of the light guide plates, and the stepped portion of the inclined convex reflection surface is arranged so as to be shifted by the three-layer pixel width, and the reflected light reflected by the convex reflection surface disposed on the lower layer side is transmitted through the upper layer side. The distance between the reflecting surfaces of the light guide plates is such that light from two light sources is illuminated to display the same pixel composed of three sub-pixels and displayed in color. In the liquid crystal display illumination device of claim 1, the positive focal length refractive surface is dispersed at a pixel pitch, and the light-emitting plate is dispersed at a pixel pitch to form a convex reflecting surface on the bottom surface of the light guide plate in a terraced manner according to the sub-pixel width. W, the thickness of the convex reflecting surface to the thickness of the light-emitting surface of the light-reflecting surface d, set the convex reflecting surface radius r with r = 2 · 11 · d / (Wd / / 2), and each layer sets the distribution of the radius of curvature Stacking three layers of the same light guide plate, the light plate is separated from the light to the convex surface of the other light plate, and its surface is shaped like: convex curved shape 41 1323818; the positive focal length refractive surface of the exit surface will be The critical angle is increased by the convex reflecting surface and the apricot hitting, and the upper side is guided by the convex reflecting surface of the light guide plate disposed on the lower layer side. By arranging the pitches of the convex reflecting surfaces of the α-leading plates, they are incident on the same pixels composed of three 仃 姐 AL AL 、 、 、 、 、 、 It In the liquid crystal display of the third item of the application range, when the display surface of the liquid display device is used as the xy plane, the middle terrace-shaped convex reflection surface is a slightly wedge-shaped terrace, and is disposed in the orthogonal guide. The thickest radius of curvature of the plate, on the ^ plane of the shrinkage, increases the convex back of the liquid crystal panel side: the opposite side forms a terrace-like step difference and is dispersed with the second terrace-like convex reflecting surface is the thickest of the crystal light-emitting plate距 卩 卩 卩 卩 梯 梯 梯 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : In the y-axis direction of the plane yz plane, and the direction of the plane axis of the surface of the J-field 最 最 最 最 最 最 , , , , , , , , , , , , , Enlarging the beam on X will be converted to χ + t + plane, 浐大光击...Expanding the first beam of light to the second convex inverse:: Expanding the beam to the liquid crystal panel in the slightly vertical direction and reflecting, the dream layer The light guide plate injects light of different colors into each of the light guide plates to shoot each The first plate is a difference portion, so that the track 4c k placed on the lower layer side of the segment θ & disposed on the second terrace-like convex reflecting surface transmits the reflection of the convex reflecting surface reflected on the upper surface of the three-layer light guiding plate. The distance between the convex reflection surfaces of the light guide plate on the upper layer side of the plate is displayed by the three colors and the light from the three light sources is irradiated onto the display surface. 4. If the liquid crystal display illumination of the first item of the application for the direct search is in the liquid crystal display, the display surface of the display is used as the xy plane, the first terraced n is orthogonal to the convex reflection surface. The thickest of the terrace-shaped light guide plate, with the shortening of the opposite side of the mantle plane, 'increasing the curvature half of the liquid crystal panel side, which is called a terrace-like step and dispersed arrangement of the convex second terraced π-convex reflective surface is liquid crystal The thickest χ and y dry surfaces of the terraced light panel in the lower part of the surface are arranged as reference, and the convex reflection having the terrace-like step and the division is provided in accordance with the curvature of the distance from the illuminated ruler to the flowered surface of the illuminated surface. In the I-axis direction, the convex reflection surface is formed as a negative focal length reflection surface, and the terrace-like convex reflection surface is parallel to the y-axis direction of the most yz plane of the terrace-shaped light guide plate, and the parallel rays incident from the side surface are enlarged in the beam axis direction and The farther the light beam for direction conversion is, the higher the beam rate is from the side of the liquid crystal panel. Therefore, the beam expansion ratio is controlled by the X coordinate of the second convex surface of the second convex reflecting surface by forming the negative focal length reflecting surface in the axial direction. Degree incident on the second convex terraced reflecting surface. 5. In the liquid crystal display illuminating device of the first aspect of the invention, the parallel light-expanding light beam in the light guide body in the long-axis direction is formed on the emission surface side by a convex reflection surface which is arranged in a terrace shape. Reflected on the side surface of the light guiding rod, and disposed along the emitting surface, the positive focal length refractive surface common to the convex reflecting surface is converted into parallel light, and the image is disposed in the diameter, and the reflective guide and the bulk are thicker. X enlarges the terrace width, which is 43 1323818 at the point of the rod spacing, and emits parallel light from the side of the rod and enters the light guide plate. 6. The liquid crystal display illumination device of claim 1, wherein the three-color light is differently illuminated by light to three liquid crystal display original elements, and the three-color staggered arrangement is dispersed and disposed in the three-layer light guide plate. In the face, the inclined reflecting surface does not hinder the traveling direction, the light beam is expanded into a pixel width, and three colors are synthesized in the camp to perform color display. 7. The liquid crystal display illumination device of claim 1, wherein the original surface of the slightly wedge-shaped light guide plate which is arranged in a terrace shape by dispersing the reflective surface on the X y plane is provided with a display element The element projection light is irradiated onto the terrace-shaped reflecting surface, and the image is enlarged on the display surface located on the xy plane, and the reflected light is reflected, thereby expanding the display element image on the screen. 8. The liquid crystal display illuminating device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display element having an elongated shape in which the image is compressed and flattened in the vertical direction is disposed on the light incident surface of the light guide plate, and the reflection is dispersed in the light guide plate. The beam expanding function in the face is expanded by the elongated liquid crystal display element to the screen size. 9. The liquid crystal display illuminating device of claim 1, wherein the number of segments arranged in a terrace shape and the size of the reflecting surface are reduced by projecting a plurality of pixels on a reflecting surface of each of the terrace-shaped reflecting surfaces. Mold making is easy. The liquid crystal display illumination device of claim 1, wherein the display surface is an xy plane, the direction of the transmitted light is z-axis, the projection display element is disposed on the xz plane, and the parallel light is irradiated in the y-axis direction. The configuration t, by the side of the first terraced field with a terrace-like step in the yz plane, the singularity of the singularity of the surface of the slab & 丄 丄 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : The light plate is shifted by the stripe pitch of the sub-pixel width by the second terrace and the difference is π'. The two light sources expand the display element image on the screen and display the color. 11. The liquid crystal display illumination device of claim 1 is as follows: the transparent substance uses air 'the incident side of the terrace-shaped reflecting surface in the transparent knive material used for forming the total reflection surface is regarded as the vertical plane of the parallel light, and The flat light is incident on the total reflection surface, and the light-transmitting material is formed on the side of the radiation side as a plane which is slightly perpendicular to the reflected light of the enlarged light beam. 1. In the liquid crystal display lighting device of claim 1, in which the thick portion of the slightly wedge-shaped light guide plate is alternately stacked, the thickness of the entire light guide plate can be made thin. 1 3. In the liquid crystal display illumination device of claim 1, in which the line source light is converted into parallel light, the parallel light incident directly under the light guide plate is converted into a plane direction and reflected by the inclined reflection surface. In the under-lighting type liquid crystal display device, 'by 45. The oblique reflection is divided into a terrace shape and inserted into the horizontal portion' so that the thickness of the light guide plate is thinner than the radiation width of the light source. In the liquid crystal display illumination device of claim 1, the aperture width of the light source disposed directly under the light guide plate is wider than the light guide thickness by 45. The inclined reflecting surface reflects the light from the light source into the light guide plate in the plane direction of the light plate' by the mirror or the return reflecting element 45 θ, and the width of the inclined reflecting portion is wider than the thickness of the light guiding plate to disperse the inserted flat boring tool and Return to the light source and illuminate the oblique reflection surface again with parallel light. [15] The liquid crystal display illumination device of claim 1, wherein the light guide plate of the direct illumination type liquid crystal display device is provided with a triangular columnar inclined reflection surface, and the area of the triangular columnar inclined reflection surface portion is The ratio of the area of the light guide plate of the portion of the inclined reflecting surface without the triangular column is set to the area ratio of the reflecting surface of the inclined surface to the transparent opening portion in the horizontal plane, by controlling the component reflected in the plane direction of the light guiding plate and the positively transmitted to the inclined surface The component of the upper portion is such that the triangular prism-shaped oblique reflecting surface portion formed in the direct-lit illuminating liquid crystal display device matches the brightness of the other light guiding plate surface. The liquid crystal display lighting device of claim 1, wherein the parallel light of the three-color light source illuminated directly below is reflected in a plane direction by a triangular prism-shaped inclined reflecting surface, and is disposed in the oblique reflection The transmissive portion of the surface allows the entrance to the upper portion of the gusset and the adjacent triangular prism to be within the critical angle, and can also illuminate the upper portion of the adjacent triangular prism. 1. The liquid crystal display illumination device of claim 1, wherein the mirror surface of the concave mirror is larger than the tangential slope of the parabola and the light from the light source is further enlarged than the parallel light '俾 in the open end of the concave mirror In a concave mirror that becomes a uniform beam density, a steeply inclined mirror surface that splits the mirror surface and increases in slope of the tangent to the parabola, and a gently inclined surface that opposes the focus direction, and the reflected light of the mirror surface that faces the focus direction The collection, G ^ π degree, illuminates the light returning to the concave mirror' and emits the reflected light of the steep inclined surface which is larger than the tangential line of the parabola. 46