1306504 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本案係為一種液晶顯示器的光學參數量測裝 置及方法，尤指一種可快速同時求得液晶顯示器 之液晶旋轉角度、入射配向角、出射配向角、視 角方向、各波長的And值的光學參數量測裝置及 方法。 【先前技術】 目前TN、STN、TN型TFT LCD領域上，量測 L C D (液晶顯示器）的相關光學參數的傳統方法，主 要有三種技術：（1 )方法1 (日立製作所採用）：使 用分光光度計或類似的儀器，待測之LCD前後擺 放吸收轴4 5 °的偏光板，測量得最大吸收波長， 此時再利用事先製作好之最大吸收波長相對於△ n d (位相差值）的正比相關性，以求_得△ n d值。此 日立製作所採用的方法的缺點：（a )無法求得液晶 旋轉角度（需為已知參數）；（b )無法求得各個波長 下的And值；（c)不同的製程、材料，最大吸收 波長相對於△ n d (位相差值）的正比相關性不同， 需分別製作相關性曲線。（2 )方法2 (東芝松下採 用）：使用分光光度計或類似的儀器，依液晶旋轉 角度的不同，待測之LCD前後搭配特定吸收軸的 偏光板，測量得最大吸收波長，以計算求得△ n d。 此東芝松下所採用的方法的缺點：（a)無法求得液 晶旋轉角度（需為已知參數）；（b )無法求得各個波 長下的△ n d值；（c)使用預先假設的波長相對於 △ nd值相關性，因此計算出的Δικί值會有誤差。 (3 )方法3 (新曰本石油採用）：使用分光光度計或 1306504 類似的儀器，兩偏光板中置入待測之LCD。旋轉 前後偏光板吸收軸，反覆測量嘗試錯誤（t r y a n d error)，直至最大吸收波長的透過率最接近零， 並且在此偏光板吸收軸角度下，旋轉面板，最大 吸收波長不會因此而改變。這時候可得知液晶旋 轉角度，並且可計算得△ nd值、以及液晶△ η相 對於波長的特性（從而可計算得知任一波長的△ nd值）。新日本石油所採用的方法的缺點：嘗試 錯誤的過程需耗費很多時間。 爰是之故，申請人有鑑於習知技術之缺失， 而發明出本案「液晶顯示器的光學參數的量測裝 置及方法」，用以改善上述習用手段之缺失。 【發明内容】 本案之主要目的係提彳共一種液晶顯示器的光 學參數量測裝置，其包含： 一分光光度計，其具有一光源及一用於彳貞測 光線相關光學參數的偵測器，用於量測該液晶顯 示器的相關光學參數；以及 一量測模組，其具有兩個偏光板，當該液晶 顯示器放置在該兩個偏光板之間所量測的透過率 光譜是第一透過率光譜，當該液晶顯示器放置在 該兩個偏光板之後所量測的透過率光譜是第二透 過率光譜，以第二透過率光譜除以第一透過率光 譜作為Yeh & Gu方程式所需的透過率光譜。 如所述之液晶顯示器的光學參數量測裝置， 該相關光學參數包括液晶旋轉角度、入射配向 角、出射配向角、視角方向、Δηιΐ。 6 1306504 如所述之液晶顯示器的光學參數量測裝置， 該液晶顯示器包括TN、STN、TN型TFT LCD。 根據另一構想，本案係提供一種液晶顯示器 的光學參數量測方法，該液晶顯示器是用一分光 光度計與兩片偏光板來量測，該分光光度計具有 一光源與兩片偏光板，其包括下列步驟： (a )將液晶顯不Is放置在該兩片偏光板之間*用該 分光光度計所量測的透過率光譜是第一透過率光 譜； (b) 將液晶顯不放置在該兩片偏光板之後’用該 分光光度計所量測的透過率光譜是第二透過率光 譜；以及 (c) 以第一透過率光譜除以第二透過率光譜的光 譜作為Yeh&Gu方程式所需的透過率光譜，進而 求得該相關光學參數。 如所述之光學參數量測方法，該步驟（c )中是 用迴歸計算法軟體來求得該相關光學參數。 如所述之光學參數量測方法，該步驟（c )中是 用迴歸計算法軟體來求得該相關光學參數。 如所述之光學參數量測方法，該迴歸計算法 軟體是微軟的Excel 2003。 【實施方式】 為了解決習用量測液晶顯示器的相關光學參 數的問題，本案提出一種液晶顯示器的光學參數 的量測裝置及方法。描述本案的技術如下：（1 ) 依 Pochi Yeh 及 Claire Gu(Pochi Yeh and Claire 7 13065041306504 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to an optical parameter measuring device and method for a liquid crystal display, in particular to a liquid crystal rotation angle, an incident alignment angle, and an exit alignment angle of a liquid crystal display. Optical parameter measuring device and method for viewing angle and viewing angle of each wavelength. [Prior Art] At present, in the field of TN, STN, and TN TFT LCDs, there are three main methods for measuring the optical parameters of LCDs (liquid crystal displays): (1) Method 1 (used by Hitachi, Ltd.): Using spectrophotometry For the meter or similar instrument, the LCD to be tested is placed with a polarizing plate of absorption axis of 45 °, and the maximum absorption wavelength is measured. At this time, the ratio of the maximum absorption wavelength prepared in advance to the Δ nd (phase difference) is used. Correlation, in order to obtain _ nd nd value. The disadvantages of the method used by Hitachi, Ltd. are: (a) the angle of rotation of the liquid crystal cannot be obtained (need to be a known parameter); (b) the value of And at each wavelength cannot be obtained; (c) different processes, materials, maximum absorption The correlation between the wavelengths and the Δ nd (phase difference) is different, and the correlation curves need to be made separately. (2) Method 2 (Used by Toshiba Matsushita): Using a spectrophotometer or similar instrument, depending on the angle of rotation of the liquid crystal, the polarizing plate of the LCD to be tested before and after the specific absorption axis is measured, and the maximum absorption wavelength is measured. △ nd. The disadvantages of the method used by Toshiba Matsushita are: (a) the angle of rotation of the liquid crystal cannot be obtained (need to be a known parameter); (b) the value of Δ nd at each wavelength cannot be obtained; (c) the wavelength assumed in advance is used. Since the Δ nd value is correlated, the calculated Δικί value has an error. (3) Method 3 (New Sakamoto Oil): Use a spectrophotometer or a similar instrument of 1306504 to place the LCD to be tested in the two polarizers. Before and after the rotation, the polarizing plate absorbs the axis and repeats the measurement error (t r y a d d) until the transmittance of the maximum absorption wavelength is closest to zero, and the maximum absorption wavelength of the rotating panel is not changed at the absorption axis angle of the polarizing plate. At this time, the liquid crystal rotation angle can be known, and the value of Δ nd and the characteristic of the liquid crystal Δ η with respect to the wavelength (the Δ nd value of any wavelength can be calculated) can be calculated. Disadvantages of the approach adopted by Nippon Oil: It takes a lot of time to try the wrong process. For this reason, the Applicant has invented the "Measurement Apparatus and Method for Optical Parameters of Liquid Crystal Display" in view of the lack of the prior art to improve the lack of the above-mentioned conventional means. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide an optical parameter measuring device for a liquid crystal display, comprising: a spectrophotometer having a light source and a detector for detecting optical parameters related to light, For measuring the relevant optical parameters of the liquid crystal display; and a measuring module having two polarizing plates, the transmittance spectrum measured when the liquid crystal display is placed between the two polarizing plates is the first transmission Rate spectrum, when the liquid crystal display is placed on the two polarizing plates, the transmittance spectrum measured is the second transmittance spectrum, and the second transmittance spectrum is divided by the first transmittance spectrum as the Yeh & Gu equation Transmission spectrum. As described in the optical parameter measuring device of the liquid crystal display, the related optical parameters include a liquid crystal rotation angle, an incident alignment angle, an exit alignment angle, a viewing angle direction, and an Δηιΐ. 6 1306504 The optical parameter measuring device of the liquid crystal display as described, the liquid crystal display comprising a TN, STN, TN type TFT LCD. According to another concept, the present invention provides an optical parameter measurement method for a liquid crystal display, which is measured by a spectrophotometer and two polarizing plates, the spectrophotometer having a light source and two polarizing plates, The method comprises the following steps: (a) placing a liquid crystal display Is between the two polarizing plates * a transmittance spectrum measured by the spectrophotometer is a first transmittance spectrum; (b) a liquid crystal display is not placed After the two polarizing plates, the transmittance spectrum measured by the spectrophotometer is the second transmittance spectrum; and (c) the spectrum of the first transmittance spectrum divided by the second transmittance spectrum is used as the Yeh&Gu equation. The required transmittance spectrum is used to determine the relevant optical parameters. As described in the optical parameter measurement method, in step (c), the correlation optical parameter is obtained by using a regression calculation software. As described in the optical parameter measurement method, in step (c), the correlation optical parameter is obtained by using a regression calculation software. As described in the optical parameter measurement method, the regression calculation software is Microsoft Excel 2003. [Embodiment] In order to solve the problem of measuring the optical parameters of a liquid crystal display, a measuring device and method for measuring optical parameters of a liquid crystal display are proposed. The techniques for describing this case are as follows: (1) According to Pochi Yeh and Claire Gu (Pochi Yeh and Claire 7 1306504)
S f ο 用 應 矩 演 後 器 示 顯 晶 液 經 射 後 件 元 子 光 偏 過 經 線 光 算 透 的GIJ 件& 元h e 子γ 光做 檢稱 經中 率 式 程 方 式 程 方 列算 下計 用來 為 案 本S f ο The GIJ piece & meta-he γ-ray of the crystallization of the crystallization of the elemental light after the filming of the elemental liquid is measured by the medium-rate method. Used for the case
T cos2(a —^)-sin2 Xsin2^sin2a; + sin2Xsin2(a-T cos2(a -^)-sin2 Xsin2^sin2a; + sin2Xsin2(a-
2X siB2X 1c~ cos2y0cos2a (1) 其中 a =入射側透過軸角度-入射側配向角度 β =出射側透過軸角度-出射側配向角度 φ =液晶旋轉角度 Χ = (2m\nd / Xf 5 (2) λ =入射光波長 此外，不同波長下的Λπά值，以Cauchy function 最能適切描述其相關性。 (3) 將式（3)的Zind式子代入式（2)，以「φβ,1)，<:,α」 為變數的「理論值透過率曲線」與「實測的透過 率曲線」迴歸，求得這5個變數的值，即可求得 所要的參數數值。 (2 )當面板的“配向方向”、“液晶旋轉角度”為 已知時，上述的α、β、φ就直接代入數值，僅以 8 1306504 「a , b，c」為變數做迴歸。 (3 )要使上述理論實用化，尚有困難點需解決： (i )式（1 )假設偏光元件（例如偏光板）是有如下特 性之一完美的元件： (a )光線通過偏光板時透過率為5 0 % ; .(b)兩偏光板平行時，透過率為50% ; (c )兩偏光板垂直時，透過率為0 % ; 但實際之偏光板卻有其透過光譜（請參閱第 一圖及第二圖）。 (i i )式（1 )假設待測液晶顯示器中各層材料的透 過率為100%，透過率只有與α、β、φ、Ζ\η(1相關， 但實際之液晶顯示器（L C D )的各層材料如玻璃/液 晶/配向膜等等各有其透過光譜（請參閱第三圖）。 (i i i )這些實務上透過光譜的影響，造成式（1 )應 用上的困難（請參閱第四圖），發明人經過多次實 驗之後，以如下的方法克服： (a )將兩枚吸收軸角度一致的偏光板7 2 1，7 2 2與 待測的液晶顯示器7 3排列如第七圖，以此排列下 的透過率光譜為第二透過率光譜II，第七圖中， 光線係由光源7 1射出，射透過兩片偏光板 7 2 1,7 2 2，射透過液晶顯示器7 3，所射透過的光 線由镇測器（d e ΐ e c ΐ 〇 r ) 7 4所量測得，第七圖内 所使用的儀器是分光光度計，型號為Hi tachi U - 3 0 1 0 *其内包含有光源71及偵測器74。 (b)儀器配置如第八圖所示，即測量時以第八圖之 排列，測量得透過率光譜為第一透過率光譜I， 以I / I I的光譜作為式（1 )所需的透過率光譜，進 1306504 而求得α、β、φ、△ n d值。第八圖内的光線係由 光源81射出，射透過第一片偏光板8 21，射透過 液晶顯示器8 3，射透過第二片偏光板8 2 2，所射 透過的光線由偵測器（d e t e c t 〇 r ) 8 4所量測得， 第八圖内所使用的儀器是分光光度計，型號為 Hitachi U-3010，與第七圖是使用相同的分光光 度計。 (4)測量值的驗證：由於變數值有5個（4>,a,b，c,a) 之多，在某些情況下可能會有不止一組（4>,a,b,c,a) 值的理論值符合實測值，在此我們也提出解決的 方式，以兩種偏光板的角度，測量並求得這兩組 各別的I/II光譜，並迴歸計算分別的（^,a,b,c,a) 值，若這兩組（φ,a, b,c,a)值是相近的表示所求得 的值是正確的，反之則應再檢討修正以求得正確 解。上述迴歸計算是用到數值分析軟體，是微軟 出的Excel 2003，它在工具選項裡可以選加增益 集，加入“規劃求解”，之後就可以用它來做求 解的工作，只知道“規劃求解”是用牛頓法求 解，詳細牛頓法流程圖發明人不清楚。 (5 )實例：取兩片透過軸4 5 °的偏光板為例（請參 閱第五圖及第六圖），計算結果如下表： Φ a b c α 2 3 9. 6 ° 697. 45 1 . 9 3 9 7 x 3 . 2 2 6 7 x -1 0 5 . 2 ° 1 0 7 1012 再代入式（3)，可算得各個波長的And值。 本案所使用的偏光板可採用市面上所能購得 的各種偏光板，然在本案實驗中所用的偏光板是 10 1306504 “曰東光學”型號“ TEG 1 4 6 5 DU”的偏光板。 本案的功能、效用及優點：以簡易的作業方 式、簡單的分光光度計、隨手可得的偏光片、常 見的試算表軟體E X c e 1，可快速同時求得液晶顯 示器之液晶旋轉角度、入射配向角、出射配向角、 視角方向、各波長的△]!(!值。 本案得由熟悉本技藝之人士任施匠思而為諸 般修飾，然皆不脫如附申請專利範圍所欲保護者。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係本案一片偏光板的透過光譜圖。 第二圖係本案兩片偏光板平行排列的透過光譜 圖。 第三圖係本案彩色STN LCD(不含偏光板）的透過 率光譜圖。 第四圖係傳統方法上將兩片偏光板中置入彩色 STN LCD的透過率光譜圖。 第五圖係本案兩片偏光板中置入彩色STN LCD的 透過率光譜圖。 第六圖係本案的理論值與實測值迴歸計算後的圖 形。 第七圖係本案量測第二透過率光譜下分光光度計 與偏光月的排列圖。 第八圖係本案量測第一透過率光譜下分光光度計 與偏光片的排列圖。 11 13065042X siB2X 1c~ cos2y0cos2a (1) where a = incident side transmission axis angle - incident side alignment angle β = exit side transmission axis angle - exit side alignment angle φ = liquid crystal rotation angle Χ = (2m\nd / Xf 5 (2) λ = wavelength of incident light In addition, the Λπά value at different wavelengths is most suitable for describing the correlation by Cauchy function. (3) Substituting the Zind equation of equation (3) into equation (2), with "φβ, 1), <:,α" is the variable of the "theoretical transmittance curve" and the "measured transmittance curve", and the values of the five variables are obtained, and the desired parameter value can be obtained. (2) When the "alignment direction" and "liquid crystal rotation angle" of the panel are known, the above α, β, and φ are directly substituted into the numerical values, and only 8 1306504 "a , b, c" is used as the variable for regression. (3) In order to make the above theory practical, there are still some difficulties to be solved: (i) Equation (1) It is assumed that a polarizing element (such as a polarizing plate) is one of the following characteristics: (a) When light passes through a polarizing plate The transmittance is 50%; (b) when the two polarizers are parallel, the transmittance is 50%; (c) when the polarizers are vertical, the transmittance is 0%; but the actual polarizer has its transmission spectrum (please See the first and second figures). (ii) Equation (1) assumes that the transmittance of each layer of the liquid crystal display to be tested is 100%, and the transmittance is only related to α, β, φ, Ζ η (1), but the actual layers of the liquid crystal display (LCD) For example, glass/liquid crystal/alignment film and so on have their transmission spectra (please refer to the third figure). (iii) The effect of these spectra on the transmission of the spectrum causes difficulties in the application of formula (1) (please refer to the fourth figure). After many experiments, the inventor overcomes the following methods: (a) Aligning two polarizing plates 7 2 1, 7 2 2 having the same absorption axis angle with the liquid crystal display 7 3 to be tested, as shown in the seventh figure, The transmission spectrum under the arrangement is the second transmittance spectrum II. In the seventh diagram, the light is emitted from the light source 71, and is transmitted through the two polarizing plates 7 2 1, 7 2 2 and transmitted through the liquid crystal display 7 3 . The transmitted light is measured by a measuring device (de ΐ ec ΐ 〇r ) 7.4. The instrument used in the seventh figure is a spectrophotometer, model Hi tachi U - 3 0 1 0 * contains The light source 71 and the detector 74. (b) The instrument configuration is as shown in the eighth figure, that is, the eighth diagram is arranged during the measurement. The measured transmittance spectrum is the first transmittance spectrum I, and the spectrum of I / II is used as the transmittance spectrum required for the equation (1), and the values of α, β, φ, and Δ nd are obtained by entering 1306504. The light is emitted by the light source 81, transmitted through the first polarizing plate 8 21, transmitted through the liquid crystal display 83, and transmitted through the second polarizing plate 8 2 2, and the transmitted light is detected by a detector (detect 〇r) 8 4 measured, the instrument used in the eighth figure is a spectrophotometer, model Hitachi U-3010, and the same spectrophotometer is used in the seventh figure. (4) Verification of measured values: due to variable values There are 5 (4 >, a, b, c, a), in some cases there may be more than one set (4 >, a, b, c, a) The theoretical value of the value is in line with the measured value, in Therefore, we also propose a solution to measure and obtain the respective I/II spectra of the two sets of polarizers, and calculate the respective (^, a, b, c, a) values, if The values of the two sets (φ, a, b, c, a) are similar. The values obtained are correct. Otherwise, the correction should be reviewed to obtain the correct solution. The above regression calculation uses the number. Analysis software, Microsoft Excel 2003, it can choose the gain set in the tool options, add "planning", then you can use it to do the solution work, only know that "planning" is solved by Newton method, The detailed Newton method flow chart is not clear to the inventor. (5) Example: Take two polarizing plates with a transmission axis of 45 ° (for example, see Figure 5 and Figure 6). The calculation results are as follows: Φ abc α 2 3 9. 6 ° 697. 45 1 . 9 3 9 7 x 3 . 2 2 6 7 x -1 0 5 . 2 ° 1 0 7 1012 Substituting into equation (3), the And value of each wavelength can be calculated. The polarizing plates used in this case can be obtained by various polarizing plates available on the market, but the polarizing plates used in the experiment of this case are polarizing plates of 10 1306504 "Yidong Optical" model "TEG 1 4 6 5 DU". The function, utility and advantages of this case: The liquid crystal rotation angle and incident alignment of the liquid crystal display can be quickly and simultaneously obtained by simple operation mode, simple spectrophotometer, easy-to-use polarizer, and common spreadsheet software EX ce 1. Angle, exit alignment angle, viewing angle direction, △]! (! value of each wavelength. This case is modified by people who are familiar with the art, and is not subject to the scope of the patent application. [Simple description of the diagram] The first picture is the transmission spectrum of a polarizing plate in this case. The second picture is the transmission spectrum of two polarizing plates arranged in parallel in this case. The third picture is the color STN LCD (without polarizing plate) Transmittance spectrum. The fourth figure shows the transmittance spectrum of a color STN LCD placed in two polarizing plates by a conventional method. The fifth figure shows the transmittance spectrum of a color STN LCD placed in two polarizing plates. The sixth figure is the graph after the regression between the theoretical value and the measured value of the case. The seventh figure is the arrangement diagram of the spectrophotometer and the polarized moon under the second transmittance spectrum in this case. FIG spectrophotometer arrangement with a first polarizing plate measured at a transmittance spectrum. 111306504
【主要元件符號說明】 7 1 :光源 7 2 1，7 2 2 :偏光板 7 3 :液晶顯示器 7 4 :偵測器 8 1 :光源 8 2 1，8 2 2 :偏光板 8 3 :液晶顯示器 8 4 :偵測器 12[Main component symbol description] 7 1 : Light source 7 2 1,7 2 2 : Polarizer 7 3 : Liquid crystal display 7 4 : Detector 8 1 : Light source 8 2 1,8 2 2 : Polarizer 8 3 : Liquid crystal display 8 4 : Detector 12