200817663 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本案係為一種液晶顯示器的光學參數量測裝 置及方法，尤指一種可快速同時求得液晶顯示器 之液晶旋轉角度、入射配向角、出射配向角、視 角方向、各波長的△ nd值的光學參數量測裝置及 方法。 【先前技術】 目前TN、STN、TN型TFT LCD領域上，量測 L C D (液晶顯示器）的相關光學參數的傳統方法，主 要有三種技術：（1 )方法1 (日立製作所採用）··使 用分光光度計或類似的儀器，待測之LCD前後擺 放吸收軸4 5 °的偏光板，測量得最大吸收波長， 此時再利用事先製作好之最大吸收波長相對於△ nd(位相差值）的正比相關性，以求得△ nd值。此 日立製作所採用的方法的缺點：（a )無法求得液晶 旋轉角度（需為已知參數）；（b )無法求得各個波長 下的Δη(1值；（c)不同的製程、材料，最大吸收 波長相對於△ n d (位相差值）的正比相關性不同， 需分別製作相關性曲線。（2 )方法2 (東芝松下採 用）：使用分光光度計或類似的儀器，依液晶旋轉 角度的不同，待測之LCD前後搭配特定吸收軸的 偏光板，測量得最大吸收波長，以計算求得△ n d。 此東芝松下所採用的方法的缺點：（a )無法求得液 晶旋轉角度（需為已知參數）；（b )無法求得各個波 長下的△ n d值；（c )使用預先假設的波長相對於 △ nd值相關性，因此計算出的And值會有誤差。 (3 )方法3 (新曰本石油採用）：使用分光光度計或 200817663200817663 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of invention] The present invention relates to an optical parameter measuring device and method for a liquid crystal display, in particular to a liquid crystal rotation angle, an incident alignment angle, and an exit alignment angle of a liquid crystal display. Optical parameter measuring device and method for viewing angle direction and Δ nd value of each wavelength. [Prior Art] At present, in the field of TN, STN, and TN TFT LCDs, there are three main methods for measuring the optical parameters of LCDs (liquid crystal displays): (1) Method 1 (used by Hitachi, Ltd.) · Using spectroscopic For a photometer or similar instrument, the LCD to be tested is placed with a polarizing plate with an absorption axis of 45 °. The maximum absorption wavelength is measured. At this time, the maximum absorption wavelength prepared in advance is used with respect to Δ nd (phase difference). Proportional correlation to find the Δ nd value. The disadvantages of the method used by Hitachi, Ltd. are: (a) the angle of rotation of the liquid crystal cannot be obtained (need to be a known parameter); (b) Δη at each wavelength cannot be obtained (1 value; (c) different processes, materials, The correlation between the maximum absorption wavelength and the Δ nd (phase difference) is different, and the correlation curve needs to be made separately. (2) Method 2 (Used by Toshiba Matsushita): using a spectrophotometer or similar instrument, depending on the angle of rotation of the liquid crystal Differently, the polarizing plate of the LCD to be tested is matched with the polarizing plate of the specific absorption axis, and the maximum absorption wavelength is measured to calculate Δ nd. The disadvantages of the method adopted by Toshiba Matsushita are: (a) the angle of rotation of the liquid crystal cannot be obtained (required (b) The value of Δ nd at each wavelength cannot be obtained; (c) the correlation of the wavelength assumed in advance with respect to the Δ nd value is used, so the calculated value of And has an error. (3) Method 3 (New Sakamoto oil used): use spectrophotometer or 200817663
類似的儀器，兩偏光板中置入待測之LCD。旋轉 前後偏光板吸收軸，反覆測量嘗試錯誤（t r y a n d error)，直至最大吸收波長的透過率最接近零， 並且在此偏光板吸收軸角度下，旋轉面板，最大 吸收波長不會因此而改變。這時候可得知液晶旋 轉角度，並且可計算得△ nd值、以及液晶△ η相 對於波長的特性（從而可計算得知任一波長的△ nd值）。新日本石油所採用的方法的缺點：嘗試 錯誤的過程需耗費很多時間。 故案 之本 是出法 爰明方 發及 而置A similar instrument, the LCD to be tested is placed in the two polarizers. Before and after the rotation, the polarizing plate absorbs the axis and repeats the measurement error (t r y a d d) until the transmittance of the maximum absorption wavelength is closest to zero, and the maximum absorption wavelength of the rotating panel is not changed at the absorption axis angle of the polarizing plate. At this time, the liquid crystal rotation angle can be known, and the value of Δ nd and the characteristic of the liquid crystal Δ η with respect to the wavelength (the Δ nd value of any wavelength can be calculated) can be calculated. Disadvantages of the approach adopted by Nippon Oil: It takes a lot of time to try the wrong process. The original case of the case is the law
J ’裝 失測 缺量 之的 術數 技參 知學 習光 於的 鑑器 有示 人顯 請晶 申液 失 缺 之 段 手 用 習 述 上 善 改 以 用 【發明内容】 本案之主要目的係提供一種液晶顯示器的光 學參數量測裝置，其包含： 一分光光度計，其具有一光源及一用於彳貞測 光線相關光學參數的偵測器，用於量測該液晶顯 示器的相關光學參數；以及 一 ϊ測相：組’其具有兩個偏光板’當該液晶 顯示器放置在該兩個偏光板之間所量測的透過率 光譜是第一透過率光譜，當該液晶顯示器放置在 該兩個偏光板之後所量測的透過率光譜是第二透 過率光譜，以第二透過率光譜除以第一透過率光 譜作為Yeh & Gu方程式所需的透過率光譜。 如所述之液晶顯示器的光學參數量測裝置， 該相關光學參數包括液晶旋轉角度、入射配向 角、出射配向角、視角方向、Δικί。 6 200817663 如所述之液晶顯示器的光學參數量測裝置， 該液晶顯示器包括TN、STN、TN型TFT LCD。 根據另一構想，本案係提供一種液晶顯示器 的光學參數量測方法，該液晶顯示器是用一分光 光度計與兩片偏光板來量測，該分光光度計具有 一光源與兩片偏光板，其包括下列步驟： (a )將液晶顯不裔放置在該兩片偏光板之間’用該 分光光度計所量測的透過率光譜是第一透過率光 譜； (b )將液晶顯示器放置在該兩片偏光板之後，用該 分光光度計所量測的透過率光譜是第二透過率光 譜；以及 (c)以第一透過率光譜除以第二透過率光譜的光 譜作為Yeh&Gu方程式所需的透過率光譜，進而 求得該相關光學參數。 如所述之光學參數量測方法，該步驟（c )中是 用迴歸計算法軟體來求得該相關光學參數。 如所述之光學參數量測方法，該步驟（c )中是 用迴歸計算法軟體來求得該相關光學參數。 如所述之光學參數量測方法，該迴歸計算法 軟體是微軟的Excel 2003。 【實施方式】 為了解決習用量測液晶顯示器的相關光學參 數的問題，本案提出一種液晶顯示器的光學參數 的量測裝置及方法。描述本案的技術如下：（1 ) 依 Pochi Yeh 及 Claire Gu(Pochi Yeh and Claire 7 200817663J 'Installation of the missing number of the number of techniques, knowing the learning of the light in the applicator, there is a display of the person who is pleased to use the crystal solution, the hand is used to change the use of the invention. [The content of the invention] The main purpose of the case is to provide An optical parameter measuring device for a liquid crystal display, comprising: a spectrophotometer having a light source and a detector for detecting light related optical parameters, for measuring relevant optical parameters of the liquid crystal display; And a phase measurement: the group 'having two polarizers' when the liquid crystal display is placed between the two polarizers, the transmittance spectrum measured is the first transmittance spectrum, when the liquid crystal display is placed in the two The transmittance spectrum measured after the polarizing plates is the second transmittance spectrum, and the second transmittance spectrum is divided by the first transmittance spectrum as the transmittance spectrum required for the Yeh & Gu equation. As described in the optical parameter measuring device of the liquid crystal display, the related optical parameters include a liquid crystal rotation angle, an incident alignment angle, an exit alignment angle, a viewing angle direction, and Δικί. 6 200817663 An optical parameter measuring device for a liquid crystal display as described, the liquid crystal display comprising a TN, STN, TN type TFT LCD. According to another concept, the present invention provides an optical parameter measurement method for a liquid crystal display, which is measured by a spectrophotometer and two polarizing plates, the spectrophotometer having a light source and two polarizing plates, The method comprises the following steps: (a) placing a liquid crystal display between the two polarizing plates' The transmittance spectrum measured by the spectrophotometer is a first transmittance spectrum; (b) placing the liquid crystal display in the After two polarizing plates, the transmittance spectrum measured by the spectrophotometer is the second transmittance spectrum; and (c) the spectrum of the first transmittance spectrum divided by the second transmittance spectrum is used as the Yeh&Gu equation The required transmittance spectrum is used to determine the relevant optical parameters. As described in the optical parameter measurement method, in step (c), the correlation optical parameter is obtained by using a regression calculation software. As described in the optical parameter measurement method, in step (c), the correlation optical parameter is obtained by using a regression calculation software. As described in the optical parameter measurement method, the regression calculation software is Microsoft Excel 2003. [Embodiment] In order to solve the problem of measuring the optical parameters of a liquid crystal display, a measuring device and method for measuring optical parameters of a liquid crystal display are proposed. The techniques describing the case are as follows: (1) According to Pochi Yeh and Claire Gu (Pochi Yeh and Claire 7 200817663
Gu, Optics of Liquid Crystal Displays, John Wiley & Sons， Inc·， 1999)應用 Jones 矩陣演 算，光線經過偏光子元件後射經液晶顯示器後射 經檢光子元件的透過率為用下列方程式（1 )(本案 中稱做Y e h & G u方程式）來計算 Γ: cos2 sin2 Xsin2^sin2a4--^-sin2Xsiii2(ar - cos 2 β cos laGu, Optics of Liquid Crystal Displays, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999) Using Jones matrix calculus, the transmittance of light passing through a liquid crystal display after passing through a polarizer element is measured by the following equation (1) (In this case, we call Y eh & G u equation) to calculate Γ: cos2 sin2 Xsin2^sin2a4--^-sin2Xsiii2(ar - cos 2 β cos la
2X X (l) 其中 a =入射側透過軸角度-入射側配向角度 β =出射側透過軸角度-出射侧配向角度 φ =液晶旋轉角度 χ = 士2 十^^------------(2) λ =入射光波長 此外，不同波長下的△nd值，以Cauchy function 最能適切描述其相關性。2X X (l) where a = incident side transmission axis angle - incident side alignment angle β = exit side transmission axis angle - exit side alignment angle φ = liquid crystal rotation angle χ = ± 2 10 ^^-------- ----(2) λ = incident light wavelength In addition, the Δnd value at different wavelengths is most suitable for describing the correlation with the Cauchy function.
(3) 將式（3)的And式子代入式（2)，以「φ，&，ΐ3,ο，α」 為變數的「理論值透過率曲線」與「實測的透過 率曲線」迴歸，求得這5個變數的值，即可求得 所要的參數數值。 (2 )當面板的“配向方向”、“液晶旋轉角度”為 已知時，上述的α、β、φ就直接代入數值，僅以 8 200817663 厂(3) Substituting the And equation of equation (3) into equation (2), and returning the "theoretical transmittance curve" with the "measured transmittance curve" with "φ, &, ΐ3, ο, α" as variables Find the value of these 5 variables and find the desired parameter value. (2) When the "alignment direction" and "liquid crystal rotation angle" of the panel are known, the above α, β, φ are directly substituted into the value, only 8 200817663
歸 迴 做 數 變 為 J 決 解 需 點 0 困 有 尚 化 用 實 論 0一 一 JJ 述 上 使 要 式 之 性 特 下 如 有 是 板 光 偏 如 例 /V 件 元： 光件 偏元 設的 假美 1)完 光 偏 過 通 線 光 行 平 板 光 偏 兩 為為 率率 過過 透透 時， 板時 為 率 過 透 時 直 垂 板 光 偏 兩 第 閱 參 請 Γν 譜 光 過 透 其 有 卻 板 光 偏” 之圖 際二 實第 但及 圖 (i i )式（1 )假設待測液晶顯示器中各層材料的透 過率為100%，透過率只有與α、β、φ、Ζ\η(1相關， 但實際之液晶顯示器（LCD)的各層材料如玻璃/液 晶/配向膜等等各有其透過光譜（請參閱第三圖）。 (i i i )這些實務上透過光譜的影響，造成式（1 )應 用上的困難（請參閱第四圖），發明人經過多次實 驗之後，以如下的方法克服： (a )將兩枚吸收軸角度一致的偏光板7 2 1，7 2 2與 待測的液晶顯示器7 3排列如第七圖，以此排列下 的透過率光譜為第二透過率光譜II，第七圖中， 光線係由光源71射出，射透過兩片偏光板 7 2 1,7 2 2，射透過液晶顯示器7 3，所射透過的光 線由债測器（d e t e c t 〇 r ) 7 4所量測得，第七圖内 所使用的儀器是分光光度計，型號為Hi tachi U - 3 0 1 0，其内包含有光源7 1及積測器7 4。 (b)儀器配置如第八圖所示，即測量時以第八圖之 排列，測量得透過率光譜為第一透過率光譜I， 以I / I I的光譜作為式（1 )所需的透過率光譜，進 200817663 而求得α、β、φ、△ nd值。第八圖内的光線係由 - 光源8 1射出，射透過第一片偏光板8 2 1，射透過 液晶顯示器8 3，射透過第二片偏光板8 2 2，所射 透過的光線由债測器（d e t e c t 〇 r ) 8 4所量測得， 第八圖内所使用的儀器是分光光度計，型號為 Hitachi U-3010，與第七圖是使用相同的分光光 度計。 (4)測量值的驗證：由於變數值有5個（^，a，b，c，a) 之多，在某些情況下可能會有不止一組（^，a，b，c，a) p 值的理論值符合實測值，在此我們也提出解決的 方式，以兩種偏光板的角度，測量並求得這兩組 各別的I / I I光譜，並迴歸計算分別的（φ，a，b，c，a ) 值，若這兩組（4>，，13,0,0〇值是相近的表示所求得 的值是正確的，反之則應再檢討修正以求得正確 解。上述迴歸計算是用到數值分析軟體，是微軟 出的Excel 2003，它在工具選項裡可以選加增益 集，加入“規劃求解”，之後就可以用它來做求 解的工作，只知道“規劃求解”是用牛頓法求 解，詳細牛頓法流程圖發明人不清楚。 〇 ( 5 )實例：取兩片透過軸4 5 °的偏光板為例（請參 閱第五圖及第六圖），計算結果如下表： Φ a b c a 2 3 9. 6 ° 697. 45 1. 9 3 9 7 x 3. 2 2 6 7 x -1 0 5 . 2 ° 1 0 7 1 0 12 再代入式（3)，可算得各個波長的△!!(!值。 本案所使用的偏光板可採用市面上所能購得 的各種偏光板，然在本案實驗中所用的偏光板是 10 200817663 “日東光學”型號 “ T E G 1 4 6 5 Μ ”的偏光板。 本案的功能、效用及優點：以簡易的作業方 式、簡單的分光光度計、隨手可得的偏光片、常 見的試算表軟體Exce 1，可快速同時求得液晶顯 示器之液晶旋轉角度、入射配向角、出射配向角、 視角方向、各波長的Δικί值。 本案得由熟悉本技藝之人士任施匠思而為諸 般修飾，然皆不脫如附申請專利範圍所欲保護者。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係本案一片偏光板的透過光譜圖。 第二圖係本案兩片偏光板平行排列的透過光譜 圖。 第三圖係本案彩色STN LCD(不含偏光板）的透過 率光譜圖。 第四圖係傳統方法上將兩片偏光板中置入彩色 STN LCD的透過率光譜圖。 第五圖係本案兩片偏光板中置入彩色STN LCD的 透過率光譜圖。 第六圖係本案的理論值與實測值迴歸計算後的圖 形。 第七圖係本案量測第二透過率光譜下分光光度計 與偏光片的排列圖。 第八圖係本案量測第一透過率光譜下分光光度計 與偏光片的排列圖。 11 200817663 【主要元件符號說明】 7 1 :光源 7 2 1，7 2 2 ··偏光板 7 3 ·.液晶顯示器 7 4 :偵測器 8 1 :光源 8 2 1，8 2 2 :偏光板 8 3 :液晶顯示器 8 4 :偵測器 12Return to the number to become J. Resolve the need for point 0. There is still a practical use of the theory of 0. A JJ describes the nature of the essentials, if there is a plate light as an example / V pieces: light parts The fake beauty 1) the light is over the line, the light is flat, the light is biased, and the rate is too high. When the plate is over-percent, the straight plate is deflected. However, the image of the plate is biased, but the figure (ii) (1) assumes that the transmittance of each layer of the liquid crystal display is 100%, and the transmittance is only α, β, φ, Ζ η ( 1 related, but the actual layer of liquid crystal display (LCD) materials such as glass / liquid crystal / alignment film and so on have their transmission spectrum (see the third figure). (iii) These practices through the influence of the spectrum, resulting in ( 1) Difficulties in application (please refer to the fourth figure). After many experiments, the inventors overcome the following methods: (a) Two polarizing plates with the same absorption axis angles, 2 2 1, 7 2 2 The measured liquid crystal display 7 3 is arranged as shown in the seventh figure, and the arrangement is transmitted through The rate spectrum is the second transmittance spectrum II. In the seventh figure, the light is emitted by the light source 71, and the light is transmitted through the two polarizing plates 7 2 1, 7 2 2 and transmitted through the liquid crystal display 73. The detector (detect 〇r ) 7 4 measured, the instrument used in the seventh figure is a spectrophotometer, model Hi tachi U - 3 0 1 0, which contains the light source 7 1 and the accumulator 7 4. (b) The instrument configuration is as shown in the eighth figure, that is, in the eighth diagram of the measurement, the measured transmittance spectrum is the first transmittance spectrum I, and the spectrum of I / II is used as the equation (1). The transmittance spectrum is obtained from 200817663 and the values of α, β, φ, and Δ nd are obtained. The light in the eighth figure is emitted by the light source 8 1 and transmitted through the first polarizing plate 8 2 1 and transmitted through the liquid crystal display 8 3. The light transmitted through the second polarizing plate 8 2 2 is measured by a debt detector (detect 〇r ) 8 4 . The instrument used in the eighth figure is a spectrophotometer, model number is Hitachi. U-3010, the same spectrophotometer is used as in the seventh figure. (4) Verification of measured values: Since there are 5 variable values (^, a b, c, a), in some cases there may be more than one set (^, a, b, c, a) The theoretical value of the p value is in line with the measured value, here we also propose a solution to The angles of the two polarizers are measured and obtained for each of the two sets of I / II spectra, and the respective (φ, a, b, c, a) values are calculated by regression, if the two groups (4 >, 13 The value of 0,0 is a similar value indicating that the value obtained is correct. Otherwise, the correction should be reviewed to obtain the correct solution. The above regression calculation uses the numerical analysis software. It is Excel 2003 from Microsoft. It can select the gain set in the tool option and add “planning solution”. Then it can be used to solve the work. Only know “planning”. "It is solved by Newton's method. The detailed Newton method flow chart is not clear to the inventor. 〇( 5 ) Example: Take two polarizing plates with a through-axis of 45 ° (see Figure 5 and Figure 6). The calculation results are as follows: Φ abca 2 3 9. 6 ° 697. 45 1. 9 3 9 7 x 3. 2 2 6 7 x -1 0 5 . 2 ° 1 0 7 1 0 12 Substituting into equation (3), △!! (! value for each wavelength can be calculated. The polarizer used in this case can be used. Using various polarizing plates available on the market, the polarizing plate used in the experiment in this case is a polarizing plate of 10 200817663 “Nitto Optics” model “TEG 1 4 6 5 Μ ”. The function, utility and advantages of the case: Simple operation method, simple spectrophotometer, easy-to-use polarizer, common spreadsheet software Exce 1, can quickly find the LCD rotation angle, incident alignment angle, exit alignment angle, viewing angle direction, and The value of Δικί of the wavelength. This case has been modified by people who are familiar with the art, but it is not intended to be protected by the scope of the patent application. [Simplified illustration] The first picture is a polarizing plate in this case. Through the spectrum. The second picture is two polarized lights in this case. The transmission spectrum of the parallel arrangement of the color spectrum. The third picture shows the transmittance spectrum of the color STN LCD (without the polarizing plate). The fourth picture shows the transmittance spectrum of the two ST-LCDs placed in the color STN LCD. The fifth figure shows the transmittance spectrum of the color STN LCD placed in two polarizing plates in this case. The sixth figure is the graph after the regression between the theoretical value and the measured value of the case. The seventh picture is the second transmittance measured in this case. The arrangement diagram of the spectrophotometer and the polarizer under the spectrum. The eighth figure is the arrangement diagram of the spectrophotometer and the polarizer under the first transmittance spectrum in this case. 11 200817663 [Description of main components] 7 1 : Light source 7 2 1 , 7 2 2 ··Polarizing plate 7 3 ·.Liquid crystal display 7 4 : Detector 8 1 : Light source 8 2 1,8 2 2 : Polarizing plate 8 3 : Liquid crystal display 8 4 : Detector 12