1283708 九、發明說明·· 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於-種鍛造部品的製造方法，特別 -種使鍛造部品達到抗拉特性16.9後16級之鍛造部^ 造方法。 表 【先前技術】 為了讓業界遵循共通的工業規範，由中央標準局^定 之中國國家標準⑽S)的CNS3934規格，係制定鍛造部品應 具備的性質’其中雖_定有最高149級強力螺釘的規ς ’但：囿於舊有的材料以及製造方法而難以製出，因而‘ 致較高規格逐漸未被採用而陸續取消。 本發明人即針對上述舊有規範中之14.9級強力螺釘的 材料及製造方法加以研發，而提出申請並已經肖局核准專 利之證書號數第1254656號之「—種抗拉㈣14.99級之锻 造部σα的製造方法」發明專利案，如圖i與圖2所示，其 製造方法大體上包含下列步驟： (1) 將一合金鋼線材i經過球化退火—浸線—粗抽—軟 化退火〜浸線〜精抽的程序。 (2) 將經過（1)步驟處理後之線材丨送入一鍛造部品成型 機中衝锻，再經_搓牙機搓製形成牙紋以成為—鍛造部品2 0 (3) 將該部品2加以熱處理，該熱處理流程為·搓牙後 /令疮成型之鍛造部品2—洳洗淨3加熱保溫（溫度 ，時間50〜90分鐘）—沃斯回火（溫度300〜400°C，時間 1283708 30〜60分鐘）。 锻造部品2經過「加敎佴、、w ^ i 加”、、保μ」之後，組織會由波來鐵 變態成為沃斯田鐵組織，後婉 「、备 俊冉、、，二過，天斯回火」處理， 即會使沃斯田鐵組織變成針狀 文风对狀組織之下變韌鐵，以具有高 強韌之機械性質。 、 、上述製造方法確可製出抗拉強度14〇 kgfw，且伸長 率為^〜14〇/〇之南強拿刀機械性質的锻造部品2，故依上述機 械I*生貝，可修正CNS3934標準成為新的標準規範，即可得 〇 ，整數，背是表示抗拉強度之 取小值，14〇kgW，小數點右方第一位的”9”是表示降伏 強度之最小值為抗拉強度的鄕，小數點右方第二位的T 是表示延伸率最小值達9%。 然而，由於鍛造部品之粗細尺寸不同，_些直徑24麵 以上較大尺寸的鍛造部品，在 隹熱處理時容易發生「質量效 果」，係指淬火時鋼材内外之硬化 s 又1G欢禾差異的現象，亦即尺 寸越大，熱量越難由内往外均句地 J也擴政至表面，所以較大 尺寸之鍛造部品在沃斯回火招由 人I私中，雖然外圍部位容易變 恶成為下變動鐵組織，但是中 立β … 疋中〜部位部仍舊呈肥粒鐵+中 波來鐵組織，因此大尺寸夕你、生Α ^ 寸之鈑造部品較難達到抗拉特性 14.99級之高強韌機械性質，往註 仕彺會造成產品硬度及機械性 質不足等瑕疵問題。 【發明内容】 種兼具有高強韌性 級之鍛造部品的製 因此，本發明之目的，即在提供— 及高硬度機械性質的抗拉特性169 + 〇16 6 1283708 造方法。 於疋’本發明抗拉特性16·9+〇16級之鍛造部品的製造 方法是包含下列步驟·· (1)將σ金鋼線材經過球化退火—浸線〜粗抽—製程 退火—浸線精抽的程序。 "()字過⑴步驟處理後的線材送人-鍛造部品成型機 中衝锻，再經-搓牙機搓製形成牙紋以成為一部品。 (3)將4部品加以熱處理，該熱處理流程為後 鍛成型之鍛造部品*俞姝这^ ^ y ? 刖冼淨―加熱保溫（溫度830〜9〇〇。〇， 時間30〜120分鐘I—贫 u , 鐘）弟一次回火（溫度1〇〇〜300艺，時間 60〜130分鐘楚_ a1283708 IX. EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing a forged part, and more particularly to a method for producing a forged part having a tensile strength of 16.9 after the forged part is 16.9. Table [Prior Art] In order for the industry to comply with common industrial specifications, the CNS3934 specification of the Chinese National Standard (10)S) set by the Central Bureau of Standards is to establish the properties of forged parts. ς 'But: It is difficult to produce due to the old materials and manufacturing methods, so the higher specifications are gradually being adopted and are being cancelled. The present inventors have developed and researched the material and manufacturing method of the 14.9-class high-strength screw in the above-mentioned old specification, and have applied for the patent certificate number No. 1254656 of the old-fashioned patent "---------------------------- The manufacturing method of the forged portion σα, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, generally comprises the following steps: (1) subjecting an alloy steel wire i to spheroidizing annealing-dip line-roughing-softening Annealing ~ dip line ~ fine pumping program. (2) The wire 丨 after the step (1) is sent to a forging part forming machine for punching and forging, and then the dent is formed by the 搓 搓 machine to become a forged part 2 0 (3) The part 2 Heat treatment, the heat treatment process is: forging after the tooth decay / forging parts 2 - 洳 washing 3 heating and insulation (temperature, time 50 ~ 90 minutes) - Voss tempering (temperature 300 ~ 400 ° C, time 1283708 30~60 minutes). After the forging part 2 has undergone "addition, w ^ i addition," and "guaranty", the organization will be transformed into a Worthite iron organization by the Bora iron, followed by ", 俊俊冉,,,二过,天The treatment of the tempering of the swarf will turn the Worthite iron structure into a tough iron under the acicular wind-like structure to have a mechanical property of high strength and toughness. The above-mentioned manufacturing method can produce a forged part 2 having a tensile strength of 14 〇kgfw and an elongation of ^~14 〇/〇, which is a mechanical property of the Nanqiang knife. Therefore, the CNS3934 standard can be corrected according to the above mechanical I* raw shell. Become a new standard specification, you can get 〇, integer, back is the small value of the tensile strength, 14 〇 kgW, the first digit of the decimal point "9" is the minimum value of the tensile strength is the tensile strength The T, the second decimal place on the right of the decimal point means that the elongation is a minimum of 9%. However, due to the different thickness of the forged parts, some of the forged parts with a diameter of 24 or more are prone to "mass effect" during heat treatment, which refers to the phenomenon of hardening s and 1G of the inside and outside of the steel during quenching. The larger the size, the harder it is to expand the heat to the surface from the inside to the outside. Therefore, the larger size of the forged parts is tempered in the Voss, and the external parts are easy to become evil. The iron structure is changed, but the neutral β... The middle part of the 仍 is still in the form of fat iron + medium wave iron. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the high tensile strength of the 14.99 level. The mechanical nature of the product will cause problems such as insufficient hardness and mechanical properties. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A process for forging a part having a high strength and toughness level Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a tensile property of 169 + 〇 16 6 1283708 which is a mechanical property of high hardness.于疋' The manufacturing method of the forged part of the tensile property of the invention of the 16·9+〇16 grade comprises the following steps: (1) spheroidal steel wire rod is subjected to spheroidizing annealing-dip line-roughing-process annealing-dip Line fine extraction procedure. "() After the word processing in (1) step is sent to the forging part forming machine, the punching is forged, and then the gingival machine is used to form the tooth pattern to become a part. (3) Heat treatment of 4 parts, the heat treatment process is forged parts of the post forging *Yu Yu this ^ ^ y ? 刖冼 ― - heating and insulation (temperature 830~9 〇〇. 〇, time 30~120 minutes I- Poor u, bell) a tempering once (temperature 1 〇〇 ~ 300 art, time 60 ~ 130 minutes Chu _ a
—-人回火（溫度300〜400。〇，時間30〜150 分鐘）〇 Π U …本發明之功效是在熱處理步驟中，於加熱保溫之後再 經過兩次回火處理，如此即能使部品達到16.9+0.16級之抗 Ο:二：之在具備高強度的前提下，更能具有高韌性及 二=械性質’以達到實際使用上的整體要求，能適 用於製以處理較大尺寸之部品。 【實施方式】 、有關本發明之前述及其他技術内容、特點與功效，在 2配合參考圖式之—個較佳實施例的詳細說 清楚的呈現。 的盤•所不’本發明抗拉特性16·9+(Μ6級之鍛造部品 實施例’是依照下述步驟進行： ⑴選用-合金鋼之線材3，例如s N c Μ4 3 9之錄鉻翻鋼 1283708 硬化線材，化學成价含C 0.36〜0.43%、Si 0.15〜0.35%、Μη 0.60 〜0.90% 、 Ni 1.60 〜2·00% 、 Cr 0·60 〜1.00% 、 Mo 0.15〜0.30%，以符合CNS3935之材料檢驗規定，並能達到 所需之硬化能要求。當然，在材料設計上，亦可選用 SCM445H(SAE4145H)、SCM445、SCM440、或 SCM440H。 (2) 將該SNCM439線材3經過兩次的球化退火及伸線的 程序，使碳化物顆粒變圓變小增加柔軟性和延展性，以利 於衝鍛擠壓。其步驟為：球化退火（低於變態溫度，約 680〜700 °C )—浸線（酸洗及磷酸鹽皮膜）-> 粗抽（加工量 20〜30°/。)—製程退火（600〜650°C )—浸線（酸洗及磷酸鹽皮膜） —精抽（加工量5%以内）。當然，在退火及伸線處理上，更 可因線材之材料組成、粗細及履歷等不同的狀態，而視情 況來增減程序或溫度。 上述之球化退火處理··係使鋼内的層狀或網狀碳化物 凝聚成為球狀，改善鋼之機械性質。上述之伸線處理：係 抽拉線材使之線徑縮小，而於抽製時，層狀波來鐵與雪明 碳鐵平行的肥粒鐵起滑移變形，且沿雪明碳鐵本體的劈開 面起微小的龜裂’並切斷雪明碳鐵使之球狀化。 (3) 將經過（2)步驟處理後的線材3送入一鍛造部品成型 機中衝鍛成一具有預定外形之半成品，例如螺釘，並經搓 牙機於該半成品表面搓製牙紋以成為一鍛造部品4。 (4) 如圖3與圖4所示，對該锻造部品4施予熱處理， 其熱處理流程為：冷鍛成型之鍛造部品前洗淨（先以熱水 去油污，再以冷水沖洗）—預熱（溫度550〜650 °C，時間 1283708 30〜90分鐘）—進爐加熱保溫（溫度830〜900°C，時間30〜120 分鐘）—第一次回火（使加熱保溫後的部品降溫至溫度 100〜300°C，時間60〜130分鐘）-> 第二次回火（再使部品加熱 至溫度300〜400°C，時間30〜150分鐘）。 上述預熱處理：是在爐中逐漸加熱至600°C左右，時間 60分鐘，在設計上可視設備而增加或省略此預熱製程，例 如採用一般固定爐溫之加熱設備，就需要進行預熱製程， 而採用連續式可調控爐溫之加熱設備，就不需要事先預熱 〇 上述加熱保溫處理：是在爐中逐漸遞增、遞減或恆温 保溫，例如可施以 860°C、880°C、880°C、880°C、880°C、 870°C等六段逐漸加溫，時間35分鐘，用以將部品組織加 熱至沃斯田鐵安定之溫度，並保持至變態為完全沃斯田鐵 為止，亦即沃斯田鐵化處理。 而上述第一次回火處理··是將加熱保溫後溫度850〜880 °C之部品4，放在溫度100〜300°C左右的鹽浴中淬冷，並維 持鹽浴恆溫120分鐘，使部品組織由沃斯田鐵變成體心正 方（b· c.t)結構的麻田散鐵，且在麻田散鐵變態完成之前’即 進行下一製程。本實施例是採用屬於中性鹽浴劑之恆溫加 熱劑（MQ)。 而上述之第二次回火處理：是將鹽浴溫度昇高至 300〜400°C，並維持鹽浴恆溫150分鐘，使第一次回火後之 部品4組織再進行變態，之後再冷卻至室溫。在此鹽浴過 程中，部品4組織會再變成針狀下變韌鐵，亦即肥粒鐵與 ^83708 微細雪明碳鐵之非層狀組織，而中心部位附近與初變態之 ，田散鐵亦會起回火作用，消除淬火應力，成為回火麻田 政鐵’亦即為肥粒鐵與微細雪明碳鐵之混合組織。因此， 在第二次回火處理後，部品4組織將成為下變韌鐵及回火 打田政鐵之此合組織，乃具有高強韌性且高硬度之機械性 質。 進一步說明的是，本發明人以SNCM439之鎳鉻鉬鋼硬 化線材’製成尺寸M36之部品4，並取數支部品4施予上 述之熱處理製程，經實際試驗測量，製成之部品4硬度為 5〇 51HRC ’伸長率為16〜18%，抗拉強度16〇〜17〇 kgf/mm2 ，故藉由上述步驟，確能製出具有較佳機械性質的部品4。 由以上可知，本發明具有下列較習知為佳之優點：藉 由第一次回火，讓部品4組織直接變態成為下變韌鐵及麻 田政鐵，直接進行第二次回火，使得部品4組織變成下變 韌鐵及回火麻田散鐵之混合組織，下變韌鐵之機械性質例 如韌性、伸長率、抗拉強度......等皆相當優良，而回火麻 田政鐵則能增加強度及硬度，所以部品4能獲得更佳之強 力韌性與硬度，因此較大尺寸部品4亦能適用製成，可具 有較佳機械性質。 因此，上述製造方法確可製出抗拉強度16〇kgf/mm2, 且伸長率為16%〜21 %之高強韌機械性質的鍛造部品4，故 可依此更佳機械性質，再一次修正CNS3934標準，以更進 一步成為最新的標準規範，得到16·9+〇16級的高強力螺絲 標準，整數，，丨6”是表示抗拉強度之最小值為16〇kg/mm2，' = 10 1283708 - ㈣右方第—位的”9”是表示降伏強度之最小值為抗拉強度 的9〇%’右方的，，+0.16，’則是表示延伸率最小值達ΐ6%，ς 賦予強力螺釘新的生命，建立新的169+016級之規範及製 造方法，使鍛造部品具有高強度及高韌度的機械性質，以 • 達到實際使用上的整體要求。 乂 賴上述’本發明之構造、特徵的確能提供—種抗拉 特性16.9後16級之鍛造部品的製造方法，藉由材料的選用 着 及熱處理的改善，能製出抗拉特性為169後16級的高強力 、高韌性螺釘，在16〇kgf/mm2的作用下，伸長率達到 16%〜21% ’而能更新CNS3934的規範’且製成部品4之機 械性質具有更佳之強力、勤性與硬度，目此較大尺寸部品4 亦能適用製成，因此本發明確為一能製出高強度高勃性機 触質之高強勃鍛造部品的製造方法，能達成本發明之目 的，因此，本發明不僅是前所未有之創新，更可供產業上 利用。 • 惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不 - 能以此㈣本發明實施之範圍，即大凡依本發明中請專利 : 範圍及發明說明内容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍 屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍内。 % 【圖式簡單說明】 S1 1是-種習知鍛造部品之製造方法的製造流程示意 圖； 圖2是該習知製造方法之時間與溫度關係的簡單示意 1283708 圖3是本發明抗拉特性16.9+0.16級之鍛造部品的製造 方法的一較佳實施例的製造流程示意圖；及 圖4是該較佳實施例之時間與溫度關係的簡單示意圖 1283708 鍛造部品 【主要元件符號說明】 3.........線材--Human tempering (temperature 300~400. 〇, time 30~150 minutes) 〇Π U ... The effect of the invention is that in the heat treatment step, after heating and heat preservation, two tempering treatments are performed, so that the parts can be achieved. 16.9+0.16 resistance: 2: Under the premise of high strength, it can have high toughness and two=mechanical properties to meet the overall requirements of practical use, and can be applied to manufacture parts with larger sizes. . [Embodiment] The foregoing and other technical contents, features, and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The disk has a tensile property of 16.9+ (the 锻6 grade forged part embodiment) is carried out according to the following steps: (1) Selecting - alloy steel wire 3, such as s N c Μ 4 3 9 Turned steel 1283708 hardened wire, chemical price includes C 0.36~0.43%, Si 0.15~0.35%, Μη 0.60~0.90%, Ni 1.60 〜2·00%, Cr 0·60 ～1.00%, Mo 0.15~0.30%, In accordance with the material inspection requirements of CNS3935, and can achieve the required hardening energy requirements. Of course, in the material design, SCM445H (SAE4145H), SCM445, SCM440, or SCM440H can also be used. (2) The SNCM439 wire 3 passes through two The second spheroidizing annealing and wire drawing procedure makes the carbide particles round and small to increase the flexibility and ductility to facilitate the punching and pressing. The steps are: spheroidizing annealing (below the metamorphic temperature, about 680~700) °C)—dip line (pickling and phosphate film)-> rough drawing (processing volume 20~30°/.)—process annealing (600~650°C)—dip line (pickling and phosphate film) - fine extraction (with a processing capacity of 5% or less). Of course, in the annealing and wire drawing treatment, the material composition of the wire material can be The program and the temperature are increased or decreased depending on the situation, such as the details of the history and the history. The spheroidizing annealing treatment described above causes the layered or reticulated carbides in the steel to agglomerate into a spherical shape to improve the mechanical properties of the steel. Stretching treatment: the wire is drawn to reduce the wire diameter, and during the drawing, the layered wave iron and the ferritic carbon iron are parallel to the sliding deformation of the ferrite, and the body along the Xueming carbon iron is opened. (3) The wire 3 processed in the step (2) is sent to a forging part forming machine for forging into a semi-finished product having a predetermined shape. For example, a screw is formed on the surface of the semi-finished product by a boring machine to form a forged part 4. (4) As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the forged part 4 is subjected to heat treatment, and the heat treatment process is as follows: Cold forging of the forged parts before washing (first with hot water to remove oil, then rinse with cold water) - preheat (temperature 550 ~ 650 ° C, time 1283708 30 ~ 90 minutes) - into the furnace heating and insulation (temperature 830 ~ 900 °C, time 30~120 minutes) - first tempering The parts are cooled to a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C for 60 to 130 minutes) -> second tempering (further heating the parts to a temperature of 300 to 400 ° C for 30 to 150 minutes). Gradually heated in the furnace to about 600 ° C, time 60 minutes, in the design of the equipment to increase or omit this preheating process, such as the heating equipment of the general fixed furnace temperature, the need for preheating process, and continuous Heating equipment that can regulate the temperature of the furnace does not need to be preheated in advance. The above heating and heat preservation treatment is: gradually increasing, decreasing or constant temperature insulation in the furnace, for example, 860 ° C, 880 ° C, 880 ° C, 880 ° C, 880 ° C, 870 ° C and other six sections gradually warmed up, 35 minutes, used to heat the parts of the structure to the temperature of the Worthite iron stability, and until the metamorphosis is completely Worthian iron, that is, Wo Sitian iron treatment. In the first tempering treatment, the product 4 having a temperature of 850 to 880 ° C after heating and holding is quenched in a salt bath having a temperature of about 100 to 300 ° C, and the salt bath is kept at a constant temperature for 120 minutes. The parts organization is changed from Worthite Iron to the body-centered (b· ct) structure of the Ma Tian loose iron, and before the completion of the Ma Tian loose iron metamorphosis, the next process is carried out. In this embodiment, a constant temperature heating agent (MQ) belonging to a neutral salt bath is used. The second tempering treatment mentioned above is: raising the temperature of the salt bath to 300~400 ° C, and maintaining the temperature of the salt bath for 150 minutes, so that the part 4 after the first tempering is metamorphosed, and then cooled to Room temperature. During the salt bath process, the part 4 tissue will become a needle-shaped lower toughened iron, that is, the non-layered structure of the ferrite iron and the ^83708 fine Xueming carbon iron, and the vicinity of the central part and the initial metamorphosis, Tian San Iron will also play a role in tempering, eliminating quenching stress, and become a mixed structure of fertile iron and fine Xueming carbon iron. Therefore, after the second tempering treatment, the part 4 structure will become the combination of the lower toughening iron and the tempering hitting Tianzheng Iron, which is a mechanical property with high strength, toughness and high hardness. Further, the inventors made the part 4 of the size M36 by using the nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel hardened wire material of SNCM439, and took several parts of the product 4 to apply the above-mentioned heat treatment process, and the hardness of the part 4 was measured by actual test. The elongation of 5 〇 51 HRC is 16 to 18%, and the tensile strength is 16 〇 to 17 〇 kgf/mm 2 . Therefore, it is possible to produce the part 4 having better mechanical properties by the above steps. It can be seen from the above that the present invention has the following advantages which are better than the conventional ones: by the first tempering, the part 4 tissue is directly metamorphosed into the lower toughened iron and the Matian political iron, and the second tempering is directly performed, so that the part 4 organization It becomes a mixed structure of the lower toughened iron and the tempered granulated iron. The mechanical properties of the lower toughened iron such as toughness, elongation, tensile strength, etc. are quite excellent, and the tempering Ma Tianzheng iron can The strength and hardness are increased, so that the part 4 can obtain better strength and hardness, so that the larger size part 4 can also be made and has better mechanical properties. Therefore, the above manufacturing method can produce a forged part 4 having a tensile strength of 16 〇 kgf/mm 2 and an elongation of 16% to 21 % of high tough mechanical properties, so that the CNS 3934 can be corrected again with better mechanical properties. The standard, to further become the latest standard specification, to obtain the high strength screw standard of 16.9+〇16, integer, 丨6” means that the minimum tensile strength is 16〇kg/mm2, ' = 10 1283708 - (4) The "9" at the right-hand position indicates that the minimum value of the drop strength is 9〇% of the tensile strength to the right, +0.16, 'which means that the minimum elongation is ΐ6%, ς gives strength New life of the screw, establish a new specification and manufacturing method of 169+016 grade, so that the forged part has high strength and high toughness mechanical properties to achieve the overall requirements in practical use. Depends on the above structure of the invention The feature can indeed provide a method for manufacturing a forged part with a tensile strength of 16.9 and 16 levels. By selecting the material and improving the heat treatment, a high-strength, high-toughness screw with a tensile strength of 169 and 16 can be produced. Under the action of 16〇kgf/mm2, stretch The long rate reaches 16%~21% 'and can update the specification of CNS3934' and the mechanical properties of the finished part 4 have better strength, flexibility and hardness. Therefore, the larger size part 4 can also be made, so this hair It is clear that it is a manufacturing method of a high-strength forging component capable of producing a high-strength, high-boosting machine, and the object of the present invention can be achieved. Therefore, the present invention is not only an unprecedented innovation but also an industrial use. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to be a scope of the present invention, that is, a simple equivalent change in the scope of the invention and the scope of the invention. Modifications are still within the scope of the patent of the present invention. % [Simplified description of the drawings] S1 1 is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of a conventional method for manufacturing a forged part; FIG. 2 is a relationship between time and temperature of the conventional manufacturing method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a manufacturing process of a preferred embodiment of a method for manufacturing a forged part having a tensile characteristic of 16.9+0.16 of the present invention; and FIG. 4 is a time and temperature of the preferred embodiment. 1,283,708 simple diagram showing the relationship forged parts The main element 3 ......... wire REFERENCE NUMERALS
1313