1244215 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 ’尤指一種可層疊式染 本發明涉及一種染料敏化太陽能電池及其電池組 料敏化太陽能電池及其電池組。 【先前技術 、太陽能電池係-種將太陽能直接轉化為電能之裝置。2〇世紀％年代， 由美國貝目實驗室首先研製出的石夕太陽能電轉步發展起來。這種石夕太陽能 電紅工作原理係胁半導體之光伏聽。雖然矽太陽能電池之光電轉化效 率南’但其製作王藝複雜、價格昂貴、對材料要參苛刻，因而限制其廣泛應 用。二十世紀九十年代應用奈米晶體開發之染料敏化太陽能電池，可望取代 傳統之石夕太陽能電池，並由此成爲該領域之研究熱點。 染料破化太％能電池採用形成於導電基片之寬禁帶半導體之奈米薄 膜’在其細麵-練雜，纟此形成其工作電極。染微化太陽能電池 之工作原理是當染料分子吸收太陽光時，其電子躍遷至激發態並迅速轉移至 半導體，而空穴則留在染料中。電子隨後擴散至導電基片，經外電路轉移至 對電極。而乳化態之染料被電解質還原，被氧化的電解質在對電極接受電子 還原成基態。從而完成電子之整個傳輸過程。 請參見第一圖，2002年5月22日公開、申請號為〇ι14〇225·3之中國專 利揭露一種涉及染料敏化太陽能電池材料領域之奈米晶膜太陽能電池電極 及其製備方法。該奈米晶膜太陽能電池電極30係於透明導電基片31形成寬 禁帶半導體奈米晶膜32，於該奈米晶膜32之表面形成一金屬離子吸附層 33，再在金屬離子吸附層33上吸附光敏化劑34 〇通過金屬離子之表面修飾， 該奈米晶膜電極在奈米晶表面形成一個勢壘，該勢壘可以降低電荷復合，從 而提高太陽能電池之光電轉化效率。 實際應用中，由於單一染料敏化太陽能電池所輸出的電力有限，為提 高其發電量，將許多染料敏化太陽能電池經串並聯組合封裝程序後，做成模 板’成為太陽能電池模板(SolarModule)。 惟，應用上述電極為工作電極之染料敏化太陽能電池在其使用時，必 須以含奈米晶膜材料之透明導電基片為正面受光面，由光源直接照射才能產 6 1244215 生電能。當光源由圖中箭頭所指之電池側面照射時，該染料敏化太陽能電池 便無法進行光電轉換。因此，當其作為電池單元組成電池組使用時，各電池 單元無法層疊起來使用。故，實際使用時需大面積展開，為具體實施帶來不 便，由此限制其使用之範圍。 有鑑於此’提供一種可層疊使用之染料敏化太陽能電池及其電池組實 為必要。 【發明内容】 爲解決習知之染料敏化電池及其電池組無法層疊使用之問題，本發明 之第一目的在於提供一種可層疊使用之染料敏化太陽能電池。 本發明之第二目的在於提供一種可層疊使用之染料敏化太陽能電池 組。 爲實現第一目的，本發明提供一種染料敏化太陽能電池，其包括：一 第一電極，其包括一透明導電基片及一形成於該透明導電基片、載有染料分 子之薄膜；一第二電極；及一位於第一及第二電極之間之電解液；其中，該 染料敏化太陽能電池進一步包括一具金屬導光層之光導向裝置，該光導向裝 置罪近所述之第一電極，以使該染料敏化太陽能電池工作時，至少部分光線 通過所述之光導向裝置轉向後進入所述之第一電極。 爲實現第二目的，本發明提供—種_敏化太陽能電池組，其包括複數 染料敏化太陽能電池單元，每一魏單元包括一第—電極、一第二電财^一 位於第-及第二電極之間之電解液，其中該第一電極包括—透明導電基片及 -形成於，透明導電基片並載有染料分子之薄膜；其中，每相鄰兩電池單元 中一電池單7C之第一電極與另一電池單元之第二電極形成電連接；每一電池 單^元進-步包括-具金屬導綠並靠近其第一電極之光導向裝置，以使該染 料敏化太陽能電池組J1俩，至少部分光線分職過各光導向裝置轉向後進一 入相應電池單元之第一電極。 爲實現第—目的，本购提供另—種雜敏化太陽能電池組，其包括複 數染料敏化太陽能電池單元，每1池單元包括一第一電極、一第二電触 -位於第-及第二電極之間之電解液，其中該第—電極包括 一透明導電基片 片並載有染料分子之薄膜;其中，每相鄰兩電池單元 7 1244215 ^一電池單元之第一電極與另一電池單元之第二電極形成電連接 ;每一電池 單7L進-步包括-具金屬導統並靠近料二電極之光導向裝置，以使該染 料敏化太陽能電池組工作時，在每相鄰兩電池中，至少部分光線通過一電池 之光導向裝置轉向後進入另一電池之第一電極。 相對於先前技術，本發明在染料敏化太陽能電池及染料敏化太陽能電池 組之各電池單元中加入光導向裝置，使得在光源由其側面照射條件下，使光 線通過該餅肖裝置轉向後私冑池，襲該觀池及電敝能進行正常之 光電轉換。由此該種染料敏化太陽能電池可層疊起來組成染料敏化太陽能電 池組，為具體實施帶來便利，使用範圍更爲廣泛。 【實施方式】 ’、、- 下面將結合附圖對本發明作進一步之詳細說明。 請參閲第二圖，本發明之第一實施例之染料敏化太陽能電灿，其包括 H極62 ’ _第二電極66 ’ -位於第-及第二電極62,66之間之電解液 =以及一形成於該第一電極62之金屬導光勒8。其中，使用該染料敏化太陽 能電池6時，部分由其側面入射之光線通過該金屬導光層從轉向後進入該第 一電極62 〇 其中，第一電極62包括一透明導電基片621及一形成於其上之薄膜 623。透明導電基片621可為氟摻雜之二氧化錫導電玻璃。薄膜必由粒度為 1-50奈米之寬禁帶半導體氧化物材料製成，如二氧化鈦、氧化辞等。其可通 過塗敷方式形成於该透明導電基片621 ’厚度可為1-50微米。薄膜623形成有 一用作光敏化劑之染料層625。本實施例採用順式-n酸备二(4,4匕二羧 酸-2,2’-職吡啶）合釕 cis-dithiocyanato bis(4,4，Kiicaib〇xy-2,2，-bipyridine) mthenium(簡稱為N3染料)，將其配製成一定濃度之溶液或凝膠，通過浸泡的 方式使其吸附於薄膜623上，由此形成染料層625。值得注意的是，透明導電 基片621、薄膜623及染料層625還可分別選用其他材料組成，不應以本實施 例加以限縮。 第一電極66通常包括一導電基片661及一形成於其上之金屬層663。導 電基片661通常為導電玻璃。金屬層663應由金、鉑等惰性金屬組成，可通過 鍵膜之方式形成於導電基片661與第一電極62相對之一側表面。金屬層663 8 1244215 最好有一光滑表面，用以產生鏡面反射，以提高光線之利用率。當然，第二 電極66還可直接為一由金、鉑等惰性金屬組成之金屬電極。該金屬電極與第 一電極624目對之表面最好也具有高平整度。 電解液64位于第一電極62及第二電極66之間，可為一薄層氧化還原電 解質溶液，選用蛾/破化鋰電解質。電解液64也可為固態，即染料敏化太陽 能電池6可為固體電池，不必限於本實施例。 在本實施例中，染料敏化太陽能電池6進一步包括一金屬導光層68，其 形成於與薄膜623相對之第一電極62之另一側表面。金屬導光層68具有導光 之光學設計，主要用於使入射到該金屬導光層68之光線改變方向後射出。例 如，與第一電極相鄰之金屬導光層68表面(未標、示)為一光滑、平整之表面 時’由光源發出之部分光線通過第一電極62之透明導電基片621後到達該金 屬導光層68 ’並在該光滑表面發生鏡面反射，從而改變方向重新進入第一電 極62並到達染料層625。 另，還可於與第一電極相鄰之金屬導光層68表面設置若干凸點或凹 陷，該凸點或凹陷之大小、數量、分佈位置及疏密程度可根據實際需要加以 設計。當光線到達金屬導光層68具凸點或凹陷之表面時，會在此發生漫反 射，從而改變方向進入第一電極62並到達染料層625。 當然，金屬導光層68還可有其他形式之導光設計。其與第一電極62之 間可有其他透明材料層，如用於增加入射光量或聚光之光學元件。也就是 說，為達到使入射光線轉向進入第一電極62之目的，該金屬導光層68可與其 他相關辅助元件組成一光導向裝置而共同起作用。該金屬導光層68可由金屬 或合金製成。 請參閲第三圖，該圖為以兩個本發明之第一實施例之染料敏化太陽能 電池6為電池單元601,602所組成之電池組6〇〇 〇其中，電池單元601之第二電 極6016與電池單元602之第一電極6022形成電連接。電池單元602之金屬導光 層6028與電池單元601之第二電極相鄰。該染料敏化太陽能電池組6〇〇 工作時，光線可分別通過電池單元6〇1，6〇2之金屬導光層6018,6028轉向後進 入其第一電極6012,6022。 可替代的是，相鄰兩電池單元601,602中，電池單元602之金屬導光層 9 1244215 6028亦可直接形成於電池單元6〇1之第二電極5〇ι6靠近電池單元⑽之一側 表面6017。 清一並參閱第四圖及第五圖，其分別為本發明之第二實施例之染料敏 化太陽能電池7及其組成之電池組7〇〇。與第一實施例之染料敏化太陽能電池 6相比，染料敏化太陽能電池7之結構、材料可基本與其一致。兩者之主要不 同在於’金屬導光層78形成於第二電極76。當第二電極76為金屬電極時，該 金属導光層78亦可直接為第二電極76之一側表面。 請參閲第四圖，僅使用單一染料敏化太陽能電池7時，與傳統之太陽能 電池相似，由其第一電極72之透明導電基片作爲受光面，直接接受光源照射。 請參閲第五圖，當染料敏化電池7為電池單)組成之電池組7〇〇 工作時’其受光面無需直接接受光源照射，各電池單元可層疊起來，光源可 由電池組700側面照射，光線通過一電池單元之金屬導光層轉向後進入其相 鄰電池單元之第一電極。 另，本領域所屬技術人員應該明白，為防止光線散失，提高光利用率， 還可相應地增加相關設計，如在第一電極之透明導電基片遠離光源之底面設 計一反射面，在第一電極之透明導電基片與薄膜之間增加一光擴散層。本發 明之染料敏化太陽能電池還可包括若干導綫，使其與外電路相連。該電池之 具體形狀、結構、材料以及組成電池組之電池單元之數量還可有其他變化， 不應以所述之具體實施例為限。 本發明在染料敏化太陽能電池及染料敏化太陽能電池組之各電池單元 中加入光導向裝置，使得在光源由其側面照射條件下，使光線通過該光導向 裝置轉向後進入電池，從而該種電池及電池組能進行正常之光電轉換。由此 該種染料敏化太陽能電池可層疊起來組成染料敏化太陽能電池組，為具體實 施帶來便利，使用範圍更爲廣泛。 综上所述，本發明確已符合發明專利要件，爰依法提出專利申請。惟， 以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施例，舉凡熟悉本案技藝之人士，於援依本 案發明精神所作之等效修飾或變化，皆應包含於以下之申請專利範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係習知之染料敏化太陽能電池之示意圖； 1244215 第=圖係本發明第_實施例之染料敏化太陽能電池之示意圖； 第二圖係本發㈣第二®之轉敏化太陽能電池組成之 電池組之不意圖， 第四圖係本發明第二實施例之染料敏化太陽能電池之示意圖； 第五圖係本發明由第四圖之染料敏化太陽能電池組成之電池組之示意圖。 【元件符號說明】 染料敏化太陽能電池 6,7 第一電極 62,72,6012,6022 透明導電基片 621 薄膜 623 染料層 625 電解液 64 第二電極 66,76,6016 導電基片 661 惰性金屬層 663 金屬導綠 68,78,6018,6028 染料敏化太陽能電池組 600,700 電池單元 601,602,701,702 表面 6017 111244215 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] 'Especially a stackable dye. The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized solar cell and its battery pack. [Previous technology, solar cell system-a device that directly converts solar energy into electricity. In the twentieth century, Shixi Solar Power, which was first developed by the US Beam Laboratory, developed step by step. The working principle of Shixi Solar Power is the photovoltaic listening of the threat semiconductor. Although the efficiency of photoelectric conversion of silicon solar cells is low, its production is complicated, expensive, and the materials are demanding, which limits its wide application. Dye-sensitized solar cells developed using nanocrystals in the 1990s are expected to replace traditional Shixi solar cells, and thus become a research hotspot in this field. The dye-degrading too-percent-energy battery uses a nano-thin film of a wide band-gap semiconductor formed on a conductive substrate. In its fine surface-doping, the working electrode is formed. The working principle of micronized solar cells is that when dye molecules absorb sunlight, their electrons transition to an excited state and quickly transfer to the semiconductor, while holes remain in the dye. The electrons then diffuse to the conductive substrate and are transferred to the counter electrode via an external circuit. The emulsified dye is reduced by the electrolyte, and the oxidized electrolyte is reduced to the ground state by receiving electrons at the counter electrode. In order to complete the entire transmission process of electrons. Please refer to the first figure. A Chinese patent published on May 22, 2002 with an application number of 14142225 · 3 discloses a nanocrystalline film solar cell electrode related to the field of dye-sensitized solar cell materials and a preparation method thereof. The nanocrystalline film solar cell electrode 30 is formed on a transparent conductive substrate 31 to form a wide band gap semiconductor nanocrystalline film 32. A metal ion adsorption layer 33 is formed on the surface of the nanocrystal film 32, and then a metal ion adsorption layer is formed on the surface. The photosensitizer 34 is adsorbed on 33. Through the surface modification of the metal ions, the nanocrystalline film electrode forms a potential barrier on the surface of the nanocrystalline, which can reduce the charge recombination, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell. In practice, due to the limited power output from a single dye-sensitized solar cell, in order to increase its power generation capacity, many dye-sensitized solar cells are made into a module after becoming a solar module (SolarModule) through a series-parallel combination packaging process. However, dye-sensitized solar cells using the above electrodes as working electrodes must use a transparent conductive substrate containing a nanocrystalline film material as the front light-receiving surface and be directly irradiated with a light source to generate 6 1244215 electricity. When the light source is illuminated from the side of the battery indicated by the arrow in the figure, the dye-sensitized solar cell cannot perform photoelectric conversion. Therefore, when it is used as a battery unit to form a battery pack, the battery cells cannot be stacked and used. Therefore, it needs to be expanded in a large area in actual use, which brings inconvenience to specific implementation, thereby limiting its scope of use. In view of this, it is necessary to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell and a battery pack which can be used in a stack. [Summary of the Invention] In order to solve the problem that conventional dye-sensitized batteries and their battery packs cannot be stacked, a first object of the present invention is to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell that can be used in a stacked manner. It is a second object of the present invention to provide a dye-sensitized solar cell module which can be used in a stack. To achieve the first object, the present invention provides a dye-sensitized solar cell, including: a first electrode including a transparent conductive substrate and a thin film carrying dye molecules formed on the transparent conductive substrate; Two electrodes; and an electrolyte solution between the first and second electrodes; wherein the dye-sensitized solar cell further includes a light guide device with a metal light guide layer, the light guide device being near the first An electrode, so that when the dye-sensitized solar cell works, at least a part of the light is turned by the light guide device and enters the first electrode. In order to achieve the second object, the present invention provides a kind of sensitized solar battery pack, which includes a plurality of dye-sensitized solar cells, each of which includes a first electrode, a second electrical property, and a second electrical property. The electrolyte between two electrodes, wherein the first electrode includes-a transparent conductive substrate and-a thin film formed on the transparent conductive substrate and carrying dye molecules; wherein one battery cell in each of two adjacent battery cells is 7C. The first electrode forms an electrical connection with the second electrode of another battery cell; each battery cell further includes a light-guiding device with a metal conducting green and close to its first electrode to make the dye-sensitized solar cell In group J1, at least part of the light is divided into the first electrodes of the corresponding battery unit after each light guide device is turned. In order to achieve the first objective, the purchase provides another kind of heterosensitized solar battery pack, which includes a plurality of dye-sensitized solar battery cells, each cell unit includes a first electrode, a second electric contact-located at the-and- An electrolyte solution between two electrodes, wherein the first electrode includes a transparent conductive substrate and a thin film carrying dye molecules; wherein each adjacent two battery cells 7 1244215 ^ the first electrode of one battery cell and another battery The second electrode of the unit forms an electrical connection; each battery cell 7L includes-a light guide device with a metal guide and close to the second electrode, so that when the dye-sensitized solar cell group works, every two adjacent cells In the battery, at least part of the light is turned by the light guide device of one battery and enters the first electrode of another battery. Compared with the prior art, the present invention adds a light guide device to each of the battery cells of the dye-sensitized solar cell and the dye-sensitized solar cell group, so that under the condition that the light source is illuminated from its side, the light is directed to the private device through the piezo device. In the pond, the photocell and the battery can perform normal photoelectric conversion. Therefore, the dye-sensitized solar cell can be stacked to form a dye-sensitized solar cell group, which brings convenience for specific implementation and has a wider range of use. [Embodiment] The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Please refer to the second figure. The dye-sensitized solar cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes an H electrode 62 ′ _ second electrode 66 ′-an electrolyte solution between the first and second electrodes 62, 66. = And a metal light guide 8 formed on the first electrode 62. Wherein, when the dye-sensitized solar cell 6 is used, part of the light incident from its side enters the first electrode 62 after turning through the metal light guide layer, wherein the first electrode 62 includes a transparent conductive substrate 621 and a A thin film 623 formed thereon. The transparent conductive substrate 621 may be a fluorine-doped tin dioxide conductive glass. The film must be made of a wide bandgap semiconductor oxide material with a particle size of 1-50 nanometers, such as titanium dioxide, oxidant, etc. It can be formed on the transparent conductive substrate 621 'by coating, and the thickness can be 1-50 microns. The thin film 623 is formed with a dye layer 625 serving as a photosensitizer. This example uses cis-n acid to prepare bis (4,4 dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-position pyridine) ruthenium cis-dithiocyanato bis (4,4, Kiicaiboxy-2,2, -bipyridine) Mthenium (abbreviated as N3 dye) is formulated into a solution or gel with a certain concentration, and is adsorbed on the film 623 by immersion to form a dye layer 625. It is worth noting that the transparent conductive substrate 621, the thin film 623, and the dye layer 625 can also be made of other materials, which should not be limited in this embodiment. The first electrode 66 generally includes a conductive substrate 661 and a metal layer 663 formed thereon. The conductive substrate 661 is usually a conductive glass. The metal layer 663 should be composed of inert metals such as gold and platinum, and can be formed on the side surface of the conductive substrate 661 opposite to the first electrode 62 by means of a key film. The metal layer 663 8 1244215 preferably has a smooth surface for generating specular reflection to improve the utilization of light. Of course, the second electrode 66 can also be a metal electrode composed of an inert metal such as gold or platinum. The surface of the metal electrode and the first electrode 624 also preferably has a high flatness. The electrolyte 64 is located between the first electrode 62 and the second electrode 66, and may be a thin layer of redox electrolyte solution. A moth / decomposed lithium electrolyte is selected. The electrolytic solution 64 may be a solid state, that is, the dye-sensitized solar cell 6 may be a solid battery, and is not necessarily limited to this embodiment. In the present embodiment, the dye-sensitized solar cell 6 further includes a metal light guide layer 68 formed on the other surface of the first electrode 62 opposite to the thin film 623. The metal light guide layer 68 has an optical design for guiding light, and is mainly used to change the direction of light incident on the metal light guide layer 68 and then emit the light. For example, when the surface (not labeled, shown) of the metal light guide layer 68 adjacent to the first electrode is a smooth, flat surface, part of the light emitted by the light source passes through the transparent conductive substrate 621 of the first electrode 62 and reaches the surface. The metal light guide layer 68 ′ undergoes specular reflection on the smooth surface, thereby changing direction and re-entering the first electrode 62 and reaching the dye layer 625. In addition, a plurality of bumps or depressions may be provided on the surface of the metal light guide layer 68 adjacent to the first electrode, and the size, number, distribution position, and density of the bumps or depressions may be designed according to actual needs. When the light reaches the convex or concave surface of the metal light guide layer 68, diffuse reflection occurs there, thereby changing the direction and entering the first electrode 62 and reaching the dye layer 625. Of course, the metal light guide layer 68 may have other forms of light guide design. There may be other layers of transparent material between it and the first electrode 62, such as an optical element for increasing the amount of incident light or condensing the light. That is, for the purpose of redirecting incident light into the first electrode 62, the metal light guide layer 68 may work together with other related auxiliary components to form a light guide device. The metal light guide layer 68 may be made of a metal or an alloy. Please refer to the third figure, which is a battery pack 600 composed of two dye-sensitized solar cells 6 of the first embodiment of the present invention as battery cells 601,602. Among them, the second electrode 6016 of the battery cell 601 An electrical connection is formed with the first electrode 6022 of the battery cell 602. The metal light guide layer 6028 of the battery cell 602 is adjacent to the second electrode of the battery cell 601. When the dye-sensitized solar battery 600 is in operation, light can be redirected through the metal light guide layers 6018 and 6028 of the battery cells 601 and 602 and enter the first electrodes 6012 and 6022 thereof. Alternatively, in the two adjacent battery cells 601 and 602, the metal light guide layer 9 1244215 6028 of the battery cell 602 may also be directly formed on the second electrode 50m of the battery cell 601 near one side surface 6017 of the battery cell ⑽. . Refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 together, which are respectively a dye-sensitized solar cell 7 and a battery pack 700 composed of the dye-sensitized solar cell 7 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the dye-sensitized solar cell 6 of the first embodiment, the structure and material of the dye-sensitized solar cell 7 can be substantially the same. The main difference between the two is that a 'metal light guide layer 78 is formed on the second electrode 76. When the second electrode 76 is a metal electrode, the metal light guide layer 78 may also be directly one side surface of the second electrode 76. Referring to the fourth figure, when only a single dye-sensitized solar cell 7 is used, similar to a conventional solar cell, the transparent conductive substrate of the first electrode 72 is used as a light receiving surface and directly receives light from the light source. Please refer to the fifth figure, when the dye-sensitized battery 7 is a battery cell), its light receiving surface does not need to be directly illuminated by the light source. The battery cells can be stacked, and the light source can be illuminated by the side of the battery pack 700. After the light is turned through the metal light guide layer of a battery cell, it enters the first electrode of its adjacent battery cell. In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that in order to prevent the loss of light and improve the light utilization ratio, the related design can be correspondingly increased. A light diffusion layer is added between the transparent conductive substrate of the electrode and the thin film. The dye-sensitized solar cell of the present invention may further include a plurality of wires to connect it to an external circuit. The battery's specific shape, structure, material, and number of battery cells that make up the battery pack may have other variations, and should not be limited to the specific embodiments described. In the present invention, a light guide device is added to each battery cell of a dye-sensitized solar cell and a dye-sensitized solar battery pack, so that under the condition that a light source is illuminated from its side, light is directed through the light guide device and enters the battery. The battery and battery pack can perform normal photoelectric conversion. Therefore, the dye-sensitized solar cell can be stacked to form a dye-sensitized solar cell, which brings convenience for specific implementation and has a wider range of use. To sum up, the present invention has indeed met the requirements for invention patents, and a patent application has been filed in accordance with the law. However, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For those who are familiar with the technology of the present case, equivalent modifications or changes made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of patent application below. [Schematic description] The first diagram is a schematic diagram of a conventional dye-sensitized solar cell; 1244215 The third diagram is a schematic diagram of a dye-sensitized solar cell according to the first embodiment of the present invention; The intention of the battery pack composed of the sensitized solar cells is as follows. The fourth diagram is a schematic diagram of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The fifth diagram is the invention consists of the dye-sensitized solar cell according to the fourth diagram. Schematic of the battery pack. [Description of element symbols] Dye-sensitized solar cells 6, 7 First electrodes 62, 72, 6012, 6022 Transparent conductive substrate 621 Thin film 623 Dye layer 625 Electrolyte 64 Second electrode 66, 76, 6016 Conductive substrate 661 Inert metal Layer 663 metal guide green 68,78,6018,6028 dye-sensitized solar cell 600,700 cells 601,602,701,702 surface 6017 11