537939 _: 五、發明說明（1 ) <發明背景> 本發明又係有關於一種如申請專利範圍第1項和第1 2項所述之低壓力壓鑄設備、一種如申請專利範圍第1 6 項所述之操作方法、以及一種如申請專利範圍第1 7項所 述之永久模。 低壓力壓鑄設備已被公開揭示在譬如是C Η 6 9〇3 5 6和Ε Ρ — AO 8 2 4 9 8 3的文獻裏。在已揭示的設 備之中，包括兩個永久性模半(mold halves)的永久模是被 牢固地夾持在一個操作處理單元裏，該操作處理單元又被 稱爲操控器。這個操作處理單元同樣地也是被固定地連接 到一個輸送器裝置上，該輸送器裝置將操控器連同該永久 模一起從一個工作站移動到下一個工作站。該操控器包含 有一個開啓和關閉機構，藉由這個開啓/關閉機構，便可 以依照各個工作站裏預定要進行的工作步驟來打開和閉合 該永久模，譬如，插入型芯、鑄造、移出壓鑄件、淸理、 施加淸洗膜等。在這個案例裏，該永久模是始終在閉合的 狀態下被搬運到各個工作站。由於該永久模本身的龐大重 量’該開啓/關閉機構需要有用來保持該永久模之模半 (mold halves)的堅固元件以及對應的傳動部件。再者，該 操控器必須施加相當大的作用力以便抵抗壓鑄站裏兩個永 久模模半內部上升的金屬液體壓力並且將兩個模半保持在 一起，以免在壓鑄件表面上形成稜邊。因而，爲了要施加 所需要的閉合作用力並且讓兩個永久模模半作相對的移動 ’該操控器也需具有一個大的自身重量。這個質量需由輸 _ 4 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） «ϋ ϋ— Β—9 ί n n —ϋ n vn n 1· fn · n n i i mmm§ flu an-· D ·>1 n It I— n 1· I _ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 537939 A7 五、發明說明（> ) 送器裝置來搬運，這會在能源和時間上產生對應的費用。 該操控器在機械上有複雜的設計並且因而在製造和維修保 養上也是昂貴的。每一次在各別的工作站裏打開和關閉該 永久模的時候需要一段長的操作時間，結果，造成整個的 作業週期增加，並且該永久模在某些環境之下，可能被冷 卻到一個最低需求溫度以下，使得需要額外的加熱步驟。 除了因爲這些大的質量而引起的整個系統的高的慣性 質量以外’當更換壓鑄模或永久模的時候缺乏適當的適應 彈性也代表傳統裝置的一項缺點。永久模必須自操控器上 取下’也问時在組裝上造成相應的費用支出。 因而’本發明之目的是要提供一種沒有上述傳統裝置 之缺點的低壓力壓鑄設備，在該低壓力壓鑄設備裏，該操 控器的機械設計結構是簡單的，並且在個別的工作站之間 的移動是快速而且減少能源的消耗。 本發明藉由一種具有如申請專利範圍第1項和第12 項所述之特徵的低壓力壓鑄設備、一種操作此類低壓力壓 鑄設備且具有申請專利範圍第1 6項所述之特徵的方法、 以及具有申請專利範圍第1 7項所述之特徵的永久模以達 成上述之目的。由相關的申請專利範圍、說明和隨附之圖 式使得本發明的有利之改進將變得明顯可知。 在一低壓力壓鑄設備裏，其具有至少一個壓鑄工作站 和至少一個其它工作站，較佳爲一個插入型芯之工作站、 一個取出工作站、一個噴砂工作站和一個浸塗和/或噴塗 工作站。於本發明之第一變化例中，其包含有至少一個具 5 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ----------------------------- (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 537939 五、發明說明（j ) 至少一·個具有弟—種 有第一種設_第一，處單元是適於作 設計的第一揀作處理早兀β 操作處理單元是適 爲運輸一個閉合的永=’每一個操作處理 於搬運一個開啓的氷久換的，也就年 單元是依照它所欲完成之目的來設計的。一 第-種設計的操作處理單元是能夠3襄關閉久_功 能以及搬運閉合的永久模的功能達到極佳化。該永久模是 較佳地被容置在一個容置軸桿，這個容置軸桿一—較佳地 以大致爲精密配合的方式—一從至少兩側邊的方向包覆著 該閉合的永久模。該兩個永久模模半係被朝向彼此的方向 推擠在一起，並且該永久模是被一個閉合機構固疋在該軸 桿內部，而該閉合機構包含有譬如是至少一個閉合活塞的 閉合元件。這種機械費用的需求是低廉的，因爲該閉合活 塞只必須夾緊在容置軸桿內部的永久模’而只需要一個短 的行程即已足夠。沒有需要其它機構來打開使用第一操作 處理單元的永久模。在鑄造期間，該永久模停留在第一操 作處理單元裏面。 第二種設計的操作處理單元能夠讓開啓的永久模之運 送達到極佳化。由於在工作站之間移動的永久模是在開啓 的狀態，而這些工作站所要進行的加工處理作業也是要在 永久模在開啓狀態之下進行的，因此省下時間。該第二操 作處理單元具有兩個保持元件，這些保夾持元件分別被用 來保持一個永久模之模半。被保持的永久模模半是彼此分 離開一段距離，並且，是被擺置成彼此相互平行的方向。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） --------------------訂----------線· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) _ 537939 A7 B7_____ 五、發明說明（今） 開啓的永久模視所要執行的方法步驟而定被運送到各工作 站以進行另一個加工處理作業——譬如，是被送往型芯插 入工作站；或是保持持續附著在該操作處理單元上面~一 ^ 譬如，在將石墨塗在該永久模之作業期間。 由於這種使功能達到極佳化之設計，該操作處理單元 可以實質無需活動元件和堅固、沉重的部件。每當需要的 時候，開啓和關閉的動作是直接由在工作站上的一個固定 的打開和/或關閉裝置來完成。 在本發明的一個第二變化例裏，該鑄造工作站是被分 派有一個夾持單元，以容納一個帶有聯結元件的永久模， 在鑄造作業過程期間’該夾持單元將兩個永久模半夾持在 一起。更進一步地’設有一個抓取和運送系統’該抓取/ 運送系統設有至少一個操作處理單元’並且是被用來藉由 嚙合於該聯結元件上面的方式以容納被遞送到該鑄造工作 站或是在該鑄造工作站上被夾持單元撿取到的永久模，並 在下一個工作站和該鑄造工作站之間或是在該工作站與另 一個工作站之間遞送該永久模。因此，永久模不是固定地 被夾持在一個操控器裏，而是，在個別的工作站之間或工 作站裏面移動。它也能夠使用根據本發明第一變化例的第 一種設計或第二種設計之操作處理單元。所需要的閉合作 用力是藉由該固定的夾持單元來施加到鑄造站裏。該夾持 單元容納著該永久模，較佳爲緊密配合的方式夾持著永久 模。因爲該永久模具有與鑄件無關的單一外部尺寸，譬如 ，它具有至少一個預先決定的厚度，因而，該夾持單元實 7 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） ------------,--------訂---------線· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 537939 五、發明說明（（） 質上能夠從:個單獨的料件製成，而該永久模被插設入到 該單-料件裏，並且，若是需要的話，被以相對較小的作 用力夾持在其中。該夾持單兀不必然要被移動。永久模被 插設入到夾持單元裏，並且，藉由操作處理單元將它再次 從夾持單元內取出。在實際的輸送作業期間，不需要施加 高度的作用力便可以將兩個永久模半保持固定在一起。因 此，該挨作處理單兀可以，譬如，具有一個非常輕重量的 抓取及運送單元，這個抓取/運送單元只要輕輕地將兩永 久模半相互地壓擠以便將它們保持閉合在一起即可。所使 用的操作處理單元也可以，譬如，是一個機器人。總之， 該操作處理單元不必須是如先前所述傳統之操控器一般堅 固，因爲所需要被移動的質量是輕的。因而，設計上變得 更爲簡單和成本低廉。 因爲永久模不是被固定地聯結到一個由所有工作站共 用的操作處理單元，本發明的設備能夠是完全模組化的結 構。由於該裝置的適用彈性增加，因此，若是需要的話。 可以引入或修改更多的工作站。 也可以將本發明的兩個變化例結合在一起’譬如’使 用第一種設計和第二種設計的操作處理單元來運送閉合或 開啓狀態下的永久模，並且將它送到鑄造站上的一個靜止 之夾持單元。以這樣的方式，第一種設g十的ί采作處理單兀 能夠被製作成甚至更輕的重量。 本發明的設備較佳使用帶有標準化之外部形狀的永久 模。這類的永久模，譬如，具有一個本體，該本體包含有 8 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) # 訂---------線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公t ) 537939 A7 -------------B7_ _______ 五、發明說明（卜） 實際的鑄造模和聯結元件，這些聯結元件在形式上譬如是 :與本體相連結在一起的側邊凸緣或平板。這些聯結元件 是被安排成讓該永久模的空間尺寸至少在一個空間方向上 與該本體的尺寸大小無關。這使得它能夠利用複數個不同 的鑄造模以及視需要來更換這些鑄造模，而沒有額外的設 計費用。操作處理單元的夾持元件或夾持裝置--夾持單 元和其它的開啓與閉合裝置一 一可以設有一個統一的抓取 系統’該抓取系統使得操作處理單元能夠依所想要的方式 來操控該永久模，譬如是，在鑄造期間將它擠壓在一起、 將它拉開並且樞轉使它冷卻，等等。因而，第一操作處理 單元的容納軸桿是較佳地具有一個配合閉合狀態下之永久 模半聯結元件之間距離的深度。在各個案例裏，這些操作 處理單元是連接到一個驅動裝置，並且能夠彼此獨立地被 移動。該操作處理單元能夠較佳地沿著一個直線導引軌道 移動，並且對它們的高度予以調整。 在本發明的一個有利的改良實施例裏，這些永久模具 有一個編碼，這個編碼代表永久模的類別，譬如，代表鑄 件的形狀。這個編碼是藉由設置在各個的工作站上的一個 適當的讀取器單元來讀取的，並且經由一個對應的訊號傳 送到一個系統控制單元，該系統控制單元可以是中央集中 控制單元也可以是局部控制單元。系統控制單元提供給工 作站用來控制工作製程所需要的資料。藉由一個例子來說 明，在鑄造站裏設定了一個預定的壓力變化曲線，也就是 ，一種隨時間變動的壓力曲線圖，其係設定於鑄造站，配 9 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------線- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 x 297公楚） 537939 A? ^__B7 _ 五、發明說明（) 合f壽件之形狀。另一個例子是，石墨塗佈站在一段預定的 時間裏進行冷卻。又一個例子是，在淸洗站的淸潔鑄造模 的功能之〜是讓淸洗噴頭移動越過開啓的永久模上方。編 碼較佳是機械式的，譬如是，一些短銷的排列，但也可以 藉由其它方式產生，譬如，利用條碼或資料載體等。結構 牢固的機械式編碼即使在略微不乾淨的作業條件之下也能 多句被可_地讀出。而這種不淸潔的環境在鑄造期間是十分 常見的。 對於每一個工作站較佳的方式是指派一個用來控制局 部工作步驟的局部控制單元。相關的製程數據是被輸入到 中央控制單位，並且，依照局部控制單元的需求傳送到局 部控制單元裏。 本發明舉例性質之具體實施例係參照以下的圖式說明 如下。在這些純爲說明性質之圖式之中： 圖1 a至圖1 e係顯示和依據本發明之設備一起使用 的永久模； 圖2 a和圖2 b係顯示根據本發明之第一變化例的第 一操作處理單元，該第一操作處理單元係用來輸送閉合之 永久模的； 圖3 a和圖3 b係顯示根據本發明第一變化例的一個 第二操作處理單元，該第二操作處理單元係用來輸送一個 開啓的永久模； 圖4係顯示根據本發明第一變化例的一個低壓力壓鑄 設備； 10 本紙張尺度適用中酬家標準（CNS)A4規格（21G X 297公爱) ^ ~ --------------------訂·-------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 537939 五、發明說明（3 ) 圖5至圖10係顯示根據本發明第一變化例的一個設 備之各個工作站； 圖1 1 a和圖1 ：[ b係顯示圖4所示的設備在各個工 作站之間其操作處理單元的動作。 一圖1 2髓示簡本發二變侧的—讎備的平 面視圖， 圖13至圖15係顯示一個根據本發明第二變化例之 設備的各個工作站； 圖1 6 a至圖1 6 c係顯示依據本發明之永久模被聯 結到該抓取與輸送系統的方法的種種視圖。 <圖號說明> 1 :第一操作處理單元；2 :框架；2 a :框架2之 側壁；2 b :框架2之側壁；3 ··永久模；3 a :永久模 半；3 b ·永久模半；4 :側向聯結元件；5 :平板；6 :閉合裝置；7 :油壓帶動的閉合缸體；7 ,:關閉液壓 缸；8 :挖空部份；9 :本體；9，：本體；1 〇 :第二 操作處理單元；1 〇,:第二操作處理單元；χ丨：ye 框架；1 1 a : U形框架側壁；]_丨b ·· υ形框架側壁； 1 2 :保持裝置；1 3 :保持元件；1 3 ,：保持元件； 1 4 ··保持液壓缸；1 4，：保持液壓缸；1 5 :短銷； 16:溝槽；17:驅勸裝置；18:導引軌條；19: 鑄造工作站；2 0 :型芯插入工作站；2 i :取出工作站 ;2 2 :永久模更換工作站；2 2，：等待位置；2 3 : 11 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) f —訂---------線' 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） A7 537939 五、發明說明（了） 淸洗工作站；2 4 :塗佈石墨工作站；2 5 :升降器；2 6 :開啓和閉合裝置；2 6 ’ ：開啓和閉合裝置；2 7 : 載架；2 7 :導桿；2 8 :鑄件；2 9 ··淸洗噴嘴；3 0 ••殼體；3 1 :噴灑單元；3 2 ··載架；3 3 :載架；3 4 :幅板；3 5 :接納軸桿；3 5 :冷卻淸洗槽；3 9 : 編碼，4 1 :開孔；4 2 :頂出板；4 3 :夾緊單元；4 3 a :框架；4 4 :接納元件；4 5 :迴轉柱；4 6 :液 壓缸；4 8 :頂出缸；4 9 :噴砂單元；5 1 :取出單元 ;5 3 :水平板；d 1 :水平軸；D 1’ ：水平軸；d 2 :水平軸線。 <發明詳細說明> 依據本發明之永久模具體實施例係說明於圖1 a、圖 1 b、和圖1 ^至圖1 e裏。該永久模3包含有兩個永久 模半3 a、3 b，這兩個永久模半3 a、3 b係被設計成 彼此呈鏡像對稱的形狀，並且分別具有側向聯結元件4。 這些側向聯結元件4在形式上爲一個連接到本體9的平板 5的形狀，藉由幅板3 4支撐著實際的鑄造模。永久模3 藉由啣接於側向聯結元件4上面能夠被容納在並固緊於第 一操作處理單元1或第二操作處理單元1 〇裏。在本案例 裏’它們是啣接到與側向聯結元件4相連的短銷1 5以及 /或啣接到被設置在側向聯結元件4裏的控空部份8上面 。用於配置在工作站裏之永久模的開啓和/或閉合裝置、 頂出裝置、或其它保持裝置可嚙合於該側向聯結元件4上 ----- 12 本紙張尺度適用不標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱) ---- 丨：-----------鬱--------^---------$» (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 537939 五、發明說明（丨Ο) 面’譬如，嚙合於設置在平板5中央的溝槽1 6。該側向 聯結元件4是被設計成：在閉合狀態下用於操作處理單元 1、1〇、或其它保持裝置的聯結點彼此之相對位置始終 是相同的，而與本體9的大小和形狀無關。該本體9可以 譬如是一個加長的本體（與圖1 a和圖1 b所示的本體9 相較），或是具有一個改變的深度（圖中未顯示出來） ’在後一案例裏，該幅板3 4應作相應的加長。 圖1 c至圖1 e顯示一個稍做修改的永久模3。一個 編碼3 9是被設置在這些平板5其中之一上面--在這個 案例裏，該編碼3 9是一個短銷的陣列，這個短銷陣列可 由適當的機器讀取，譬如以機械掃瞄的方式讀取。一個用 來穿設頂出缸4 8的開孔4 1是被設置在這些平板5裏。 該頂出缸4 8帶動一個頂出板4 2，藉由此將鑄造物自鑄 模裏取出。 圖1 a、圖1 b、和圖2 a、圖2 b顯示兩種類型的 操作處理單元1、1 〇，這些操作處理單元是被使用在本 發明第一變化例的一個低壓力壓鑄設備裏。該第一操作處 理單元1--該第一操作處理單元係適於用來輸送閉合的 永久模3 一一具有一個斷面爲U字形狀的框架2，並且形 成一個三個側邊爲開放狀的接納軸桿3 5。框架2的兩個 側壁2 a和2 b支撐著一個閉合裝置6，在本案例裏，該 閉合裝置6分別包含有四個液壓驅動的閉合缸體7。如圖 4所示，第一操作處理單元1和第二操作處理單元1 〇分 別連接到一個驅動裝置1 7，利用該驅動裝置1 7，這些 __ 13 本紙張尺度適用中㈣家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） ------------變--------訂---------線· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 537939 五、發明說明（Π ) 操作處理單元可以沿著一個導引軌條1 8的水平方向和垂 直方向移動。結果，由於在垂直方向上的移動，框架2被 放入到一個閉合的永久模3上面，此時，該永久模3係在 一個站立的位置，以致於該永久模3被接納在接納軸桿3 5裏且帶有一個微小的配合游隙。永久模3被閉合缸體7 固定住，該閉合缸體7嚙合於側向聯結元件4裏的挖空部 份8。這種固定操作所需要的閉合缸體7之行程是非常小 的’只有數個毫米（大約是10至20毫米）。該第一操 作處理單元1沒有其它的活動元件，並且因而它能夠以低 廉的結構成本來生產製造。閉合裝置6保持著停留在第一 操作處理單元1內部裏的閉合永久模3，並且在鑄造期間 將它保持住。 圖3 a和圖3 b所示的第二操作處理單元1 〇是適於 用來遞送開啓的永久模，而此時永久模的兩個永久模半3 a、3 b彼此相距一段距離，並且呈彼此平行地對齊。第 二操作處理單元1 0也包含有一個U形框架1 1，U形框 架1 1的側壁1 1 a和1 1 b之間的距離較第一操作處理 單兀1之框架2爲大。每一個側壁1 1 a、1 lb包含有 一個保持裝置1 2，該保持裝置1 2在本案例裏，包含有 保持元件1 3和保持液壓缸1 4，保持元件1 3係配合側 向聯結元件4的短銷1 5相交地作用，而保持液壓缸1 4 則係配合挖空部份8相交地作用。兩個永久模半3 a和3 b是被保持裝置12保持固定於第二操作處理單元1〇內 部。由於第二操作處理單元1 〇從上方被放置到筆直站立 14 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐) " (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ---11---訂--------- . 537939 a7 B7 ---一 ' ---— 五、發明說明（/^ ) 且係打開的永久模3上面，因而該永久模被容置在內部， 然後，移開保持液壓缸1 4。也可以採用其它的抓取機構 和閉合液壓缸。與在第一操作處理單元1裏相同，本案例 同樣除了閉合液壓缸以外沒有其它的活動部件。 圖4說明本發明之低壓力壓鑄設被的一個直線排列的 較佳結構。一個鑄造工作站1 9和其它的工作站是沿著一 條直線，較佳地以規律的間隔排列。在這個案例裏所指的 其它工作站是一個型芯插入工作站2 0、一個取出工作站 2 1、一個永久模更換工作站2 2 ' —個淸洗工作站2 3 、和一個塗佈石墨工作站2 4。在鑄造工作站1 9和型芯 插入工作站2 0之間有一個等待位置2 2 ’ ：假如在當時 沒有要更換永久模，在永久模更換工作站2 2上方的區域 也可以被用作爲一個等待位置。圖4的左側部份說明鑄造 工作站1 9旋轉9 0度的側面視圖。該鑄造設備具有一個 第一操作處理單元1和兩個第二操作處理單元1 0和1 〇 ’，這些操作處理單元分別被連接到一個驅動裝置1 7， 該驅動裝置1 7帶動第一操作處理單元1和第二操作處理 單元1 0、1 0’使它們沿著一個直線導引軌條1 8移動 ，並且，另外，容許這些操作處理單元的高度能夠被調整 。這些操作處理單元1、1 0、1 〇 ’都能夠在不影響彼 此的情況下被獨立地移動。它們的動作受一個控制裝置（ 圖中未繪出）的操控。因爲該永久模不是固定地被連接到 一個特定的操作處理單元，因此，在本直線排列裏，也能 夠使用三個操作處理單元。與傳統裝置相較，這會明顯地 15 ---------------------訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） A7 537939 五、發明說明（！巧） 增加本裝置的工作循環時間。 該永久模的動作的一個例子是被說明於圖1 1 a和圖 1 1 b裏。根據這個例子，該第一操作處理單元1在型芯 插入工作站接納一個閉合的永久模，並且將它移動到鑄造 工作站1 9，然後，再移動到取出工作站2 1。該閉合的 永久模被傳遞到取出工作站2 1時，它是被打開的，在這 之後，鑄件被取出。在這段時間裏，第一操作處理單元已 經移動回到型芯插入工作站，以便於撿取一個新的永久模 。騰空的永久模在取出工作站2 1處被第二操作處理單元 1 0拾起，並且，在打開的狀態之下，被輸送到淸洗工作 站2 3，並且被傳送到其後更進一步的工作站。在這個傳 送動作之後，第二操作處理單元1 〇移動到等待位置2 2 ’。最後’已被淸洗後的永久模在淸洗工作站2 3處被另 一個第二操作處理單元1〇’拾起，並且被移送到塗佈石 墨工作站2 4裏面，在該塗佈石墨工作站2 4處，在石墨 塗佈作業期間，永久模是停留在這個第二操作處理單元1 0 ’上面。然後，永久模被移送到型芯插入工作站2〇， 在該處，工作循環再度開始。在這段時間裏，其它兩個操 作處理單元所執行的動作也是說明於圖1 1 a裏。整體來 說，它是能夠同步地操作三個永久模，並且能夠達到使該 設備的循環時間在4 〇至6 0秒之範圍中。因爲，每一個 永久模在Η倍的工作循環時間之後回到該鑄造工作站19 ’就不需要額外的加熱步驟以保持永久模於所想要的溫度 。該永久模的溫度是藉由淸洗或噴灑時間來進行量測和保 ___ 16__ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（21〇 χ 297公釐） --------------------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 537939 五、發明說明（I今） 持定溫的。 圖5至圖1 0係以圖解方式說明個別工作站的結構。 在以下本技術說明文裏，只針對它們與傳統工作站不同的 地方予以說明。圖5所示的鑄造工作站1 9之結構帶有一 個與傳統技術相同之感應爐。利用第一操作處理單元1將 永久模放入到感應爐的升降器2 5上面，同時，該第一操 作處理單元1也施加關閉永久模半3 a、3 b所需要的閉 合作用力。 圖6 a至圖6 b裏說明的型芯插入工作站2 0包含有 一個載架2 7，該載架2 7能夠沿著橫越導引軌條1 8 ( 參見圖4 )之方向移動，並且，在該載架2 7上連接有一 個可以圍繞著水平軸線樞轉的開啓與閉合裝置2 6。在它 躺臥的狀態下（圖6 a的左側部份），該開啓與閉合裝置 能夠收納一個永久模3，此時的永久模3是在開啓的狀態 。開啓和閉合裝置2 6抓·握住永久模的側向聯結元件4。 這是被圖解地說明於圖6 c至圖6 d裏：該永久模3從上 方被放置到嚙合於平板5下控空部份8裏的保持液壓缸1 4’上面。然後，關閉液壓缸7’移動進入到平板5的側 向挖空部份8，因而夾住後者。由於該開啓/關閉裝置2 6樞轉了9 0度角（參見圖6 a的右側部份），永久模半 3 a、3 b移動進入到一個水平位置裏，以致於該砂模型 芯能夠以人工方式插入。永久模3最後被關閉，並且，該 開啓與閉合裝置被樞轉回到躺臥的位置。第一操作處理單 元1能夠拾取在此一狀態之下的閉合永久模3。圖6 b說 17 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)537939 _: V. Description of the invention (1) < Background of the invention > The present invention relates to a low-pressure die-casting device as described in items 1 and 12 of the scope of patent application, The operation method described in item 6 and a permanent mold as described in item 17 of the scope of patent application. Low-pressure die-casting equipment has been publicly disclosed in documents such as C Η 6 903 0 6 and E P — AO 8 2 4 9 8 3. Among the disclosed equipment, the permanent mold including two permanent mold halves is firmly held in an operation processing unit, which is also called a manipulator. This operation processing unit is likewise fixedly connected to a conveyor device which moves the manipulator along with the permanent mold from one workstation to the next. The manipulator includes an opening and closing mechanism. With this opening / closing mechanism, the permanent mold can be opened and closed according to the predetermined work steps in various workstations, such as inserting a core, casting, and removing a die casting. , Cleaning, application of cleaning film, etc. In this case, the permanent mold is always transported to the workstations in a closed state. Due to the huge weight of the permanent mold itself, the opening / closing mechanism needs a solid element for holding the mold halves of the permanent mold and a corresponding transmission component. Furthermore, the manipulator must exert a considerable force to resist the rising liquid metal pressure inside the two permanent mold halves in the die casting station and keep the two mold halves together to avoid forming edges on the surface of the die casting. Therefore, in order to apply the required closing force and move the two permanent mold halves relative to each other, the manipulator also needs to have a large own weight. This quality needs to be _ 4 This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) · D · > 1 n It I— n 1 · I _ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 537939 A7 V. Description of the invention (>) Incurring corresponding costs. The manipulator has a complicated mechanical design and is therefore also expensive to manufacture and maintain. Each time the permanent mold is opened and closed in a separate workstation requires a long operating time. As a result, the entire operating cycle is increased, and the permanent mold may be cooled to a minimum requirement under certain circumstances. Below the temperature, an additional heating step is required. In addition to the high inertial mass of the entire system due to these large masses, the lack of proper adaptability when changing die casting or permanent molds also represents a disadvantage of conventional devices. The permanent mold must be removed from the manipulator, and the corresponding cost will be incurred during assembly. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a low-pressure die-casting device that does not have the disadvantages of the above-mentioned conventional device. In this low-pressure die-casting device, the mechanical design structure of the manipulator is simple, and the movement between the individual workstations is simple. It is fast and reduces energy consumption. The invention is based on a low-pressure die-casting device having the features described in claims 1 and 12, and a method of operating such a low-pressure die-casting device and having the features described in claim 16 , And a permanent mold having the features described in item 17 of the scope of patent application to achieve the above purpose. Advantageous improvements of the invention will become apparent from the relevant patent application scope, description, and accompanying drawings. In a low pressure die-casting equipment, it has at least one die-casting station and at least one other station, preferably a core inserting station, a take-out station, a sandblasting station, and a dip and / or spray station. In the first variation of the present invention, it includes at least one paper with a size of 5 papers, applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -------------- --------------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page) 537939 V. Description of the invention (j) At least one has a younger brother—there is a first kind of design_ First, the unit is the first picking process suitable for design. The early operation β operation processing unit is suitable for transporting a closed forever = 'Each operation is handled by carrying an open ice for a long time, which is also the annual unit. It is designed according to the purpose it wants to accomplish. A The first-designed operation processing unit is able to close the function for a long time and the function of handling the closed permanent mold is optimized. The permanent mold is preferably housed in a receiving shaft, which—preferably in a substantially precise fit—encloses the closed permanent from the direction of at least two sides. mold. The two permanent mold halves are pushed together towards each other, and the permanent mold is fixed inside the shaft by a closing mechanism, and the closing mechanism includes a closing element such as at least one closing piston . This need for mechanical costs is inexpensive because the closing piston only has to be clamped in a permanent mold 'that houses the shaft and only a short stroke is sufficient. No other mechanism is required to open the permanent mold using the first operation processing unit. During casting, the permanent mold stays inside the first processing unit. The second design of the operation processing unit optimizes the transport of open permanent molds. Since the permanent molds moving between the workstations are in the open state, and the processing operations to be performed by these workstations are also performed with the permanent molds in the open state, time is saved. The second operation processing unit has two holding elements, each of which is used to hold a mold half of a permanent mold. The held permanent mold halves are separated from each other at a distance, and are placed in directions parallel to each other. This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) -------------------- Order ---------- Line · (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) _ 537939 A7 B7_____ V. Description of the invention (today) The opened permanent mold is transported to each workstation for another processing operation depending on the method steps to be performed ——For example, it is sent to the core insertion station; or it is kept attached to the operation and processing unit ~ ^ For example, during the operation of applying graphite to the permanent mold. Thanks to this design that optimizes the function, the operating unit eliminates the need for moving parts and sturdy, heavy components. Whenever needed, the opening and closing actions are performed directly by a fixed opening and / or closing device on the workstation. In a second variation of the present invention, the casting station is assigned a clamping unit to accommodate a permanent mold with a coupling element. During the casting operation, the clamping unit halves two permanent molds. Hold together. Furthermore, 'a grasping and conveying system is provided', the grasping / conveying system is provided with at least one operation processing unit 'and is used to accommodate being delivered to the casting station by engaging with the coupling element Or the permanent mold picked up by the clamping unit on the casting station, and the permanent mold is delivered between the next station and the casting station or between the station and another station. Therefore, the permanent mold is not fixedly held in a manipulator, but is moved between individual workstations or in a workstation. It is also possible to use the operation processing unit of the first design or the second design according to the first modification of the present invention. The required closing force is applied to the casting station by the fixed clamping unit. The clamping unit houses the permanent mold, and preferably clamps the permanent mold in a tight fit. Because the permanent mold has a single external dimension unrelated to the casting, for example, it has at least one predetermined thickness, the clamping unit is suitable for 7 paper sizes in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297). ) ------------, -------- Order --------- Line · (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7 537939 5 2. Description of the invention (() can be made essentially from: a single piece of material, and the permanent mold is inserted into the single-piece piece, and, if necessary, is clamped with a relatively small force Hold it in. The clamping unit does not have to be moved. The permanent mold is inserted into the clamping unit, and it is taken out of the clamping unit again by operating the processing unit. During the actual conveying operation The two permanent mold halves can be held together without applying a high degree of force. Therefore, the end-to-end processing unit can, for example, have a very light weight gripping and transporting unit, which The unit simply squeezes the two permanent mold halves against each other in order to hold them Just put it together. The operation processing unit used can also be, for example, a robot. In short, the operation processing unit does not have to be as strong as the traditional manipulator described previously because the mass to be moved is light Therefore, the design becomes simpler and cheaper. Because the permanent mold is not fixedly connected to an operation processing unit shared by all workstations, the device of the present invention can have a completely modular structure. Because of the device The application flexibility is increased, so if necessary, more workstations can be introduced or modified. It is also possible to combine the two variations of the present invention 'for example' using the first design and the second design of the operation processing unit To transport the permanent mold in the closed or open state, and send it to a stationary clamping unit on the foundry station. In this way, the first set of ten processing units can be made even Lighter weight. The device of the present invention preferably uses permanent molds with standardized external shapes. Such permanent molds, such as , Has a body, the body contains 8 (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) # order --------- line paper size applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 male t) 537939 A7 ------------- B7_ _______ V. Description of the invention (b) The actual casting mold and connection elements, these connection elements are in the form of: Side flanges or slabs together. These coupling elements are arranged so that the spatial dimension of the permanent mold is independent of the size of the body in at least one spatial direction. This enables it to utilize a plurality of different casting molds and visual These casting molds need to be replaced without additional design costs. The clamping elements or clamping devices of the operating processing unit-the clamping unit and other opening and closing devices can be provided with a unified gripping system. The gripping system enables the operating unit to manipulate the permanent mold in the desired manner, such as squeezing it together during casting, pulling it apart and pivoting it to cool, and so on. Therefore, the receiving shaft of the first operation processing unit preferably has a depth that fits the distance between the permanent mold half coupling elements in the closed state. In each case, these operation and processing units are connected to a drive unit and can be moved independently of each other. The operation processing unit can preferably move along a linear guide track and adjust their height. In an advantageous refinement of the invention, the permanent molds have a code which represents the type of the permanent mold, for example, the shape of the casting. This code is read by an appropriate reader unit located on each workstation, and is transmitted to a system control unit via a corresponding signal. The system control unit can be a central centralized control unit or Local control unit. The system control unit provides the data needed for the workstation to control the work process. By way of an example, a predetermined pressure change curve is set in the casting station, that is, a pressure curve graph that changes with time, which is set at the casting station with 9 (Please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page) Order --------- Line-This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 x 297 Gongchu) 537939 A? ^ __ B7 _ 5. Description of the invention () Piece shape. As another example, a graphite coating station is cooled for a predetermined period of time. As another example, one of the functions of the Jiejie casting mold at the decontamination station is to move the decontamination nozzle over the open permanent mold. The coding is preferably mechanical, for example, the arrangement of some short pins, but it can also be generated by other methods, such as using a bar code or a data carrier. Sturdy mechanical coding enables multiple sentences to be read out even under slightly dirty working conditions. This unclean environment is very common during casting. A better way for each workstation is to assign a local control unit to control local work steps. Relevant process data is input to the central control unit and transmitted to the local control unit according to the requirements of the local control unit. Specific embodiments of the exemplary nature of the present invention are described below with reference to the following drawings. Among these purely explanatory drawings: Figures 1a to 1e show permanent molds used with the device according to the invention; Figures 2a and 2b show a first variant according to the invention FIG. 3 a and FIG. 3 b show a second operation processing unit according to a first variation of the present invention. The second operation processing unit is used for conveying the closed permanent mold. The operation processing unit is used for conveying an opened permanent mold; Fig. 4 shows a low-pressure die-casting equipment according to the first modification of the present invention; 10 paper sizes are applicable to the CNS A4 specification (21G X 297 male) Love) ^ ~ -------------------- Order · -------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7 537939 5 Explanation of the invention (3) Figures 5 to 10 show the workstations of a device according to a first modification of the present invention; Figures 1 a and 1: [b shows the device shown in Figure 4 between workstations It operates the actions of the processing unit. A figure 12 shows a plan view of the second variant side of the notebook—a plan view of the equipment, and FIGS. 13 to 15 show the workstations of a device according to a second modification of the present invention; FIGS. 16 a to 16 c show Various views of a method in which a permanent mold according to the present invention is coupled to the grasping and conveying system. < Illustration of drawing number > 1: first operation processing unit; 2: frame; 2 a: side wall of frame 2; 2 b: side wall of frame 2; 3 · permanent mold; 3 a: permanent mold half; 3 b · Permanent mold halves; 4: lateral coupling elements; 5: flat plate; 6: closing device; 7: closed cylinder driven by oil pressure; 7: closing hydraulic cylinder; 8: hollowed out portion; 9: body; 9 ：: body; 1 〇: second operation processing unit; 1 〇 :: second operation processing unit; χ 丨: ye frame; 1 1 a: U-shaped frame side wall; _ 丨 b ·· υ-shaped frame side wall; 1 2: holding device; 1 3: holding element; 1 3: holding element; 1 4 ·· holding hydraulic cylinder; 1 4: holding hydraulic cylinder; 15: short pin; 16: groove; 17: persuasion device 18: Guide rails; 19: Casting station; 2 0: Core insertion station; 2 i: Take out station; 2 2: Permanent mold replacement station; 2 2: Waiting position; 2 3: 11 (Please read first Note on the back, please fill out this page again) f — order --------- line 'This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) A7 537939 Cleaning station; 24: coated graphite workstation; 25: lifter; 26: opening and closing device; 26 ': opening and closing device; 27: carrier; 2 7: guide rod; 2 8: casting; 2 9 ·· Rinse nozzle; 3 0 •• Housing; 3 1: Spraying unit; 3 2 ·· Carrier; 3 3: Carrier; 3 4: Web; 3 5: Receive shaft; 3 5: Cooling 淸Washing tank; 3 9: coding, 4 1: opening; 4 2: ejection plate; 4 3: clamping unit; 4 3 a: frame; 4 4: receiving element; 4 5: rotary column; 4 6: hydraulic Cylinder; 4 8: ejection cylinder; 4 9: sand blasting unit; 5 1: take out unit; 5 3: horizontal plate; d 1: horizontal axis; D 1 ': horizontal axis; d 2: horizontal axis. < Detailed description of the invention > Examples of permanent mold bodies according to the present invention are illustrated in Figs. 1a, 1b, and 1 to 1e. The permanent mold 3 includes two permanent mold halves 3a, 3b. The two permanent mold halves 3a, 3b are designed to be mirror-symmetrical to each other, and each has a lateral coupling element 4. These lateral coupling elements 4 are in the form of a flat plate 5 connected to the body 9, and the actual casting mold is supported by the web 34. The permanent mold 3 can be accommodated and fastened in the first operation processing unit 1 or the second operation processing unit 10 by being connected to the lateral coupling element 4. In this case, they are connected to the short pins 15 connected to the lateral coupling element 4 and / or to the air control portion 8 provided in the lateral coupling element 4. The opening and / or closing device, ejection device or other holding device used for the permanent mold arranged in the workstation can be engaged with the lateral coupling element 4 ----- 12 This paper is applicable to non-standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 X 297 public love) ---- 丨: ----------- Yu -------- ^ --------- $ »(please first Read the notes on the back side and fill out this page) A7 537939 V. Description of the invention (丨 〇) The surface is, for example, engaged with a groove 16 provided in the center of the flat plate 5. The lateral coupling element 4 is designed such that the relative positions of the coupling points for operating the processing unit 1, 10, or other holding devices in the closed state are always the same regardless of the size and shape of the body 9. . The body 9 can be, for example, an elongated body (compared to the body 9 shown in Figs. 1a and 1b), or it can have a changed depth (not shown in the figure). In the latter case, the The webs 3 and 4 should be lengthened accordingly. Figures 1c to 1e show a slightly modified permanent die 3. A code 39 is placed on one of these plates 5-in this case, the code 39 is an array of short pins that can be read by a suitable machine, such as a mechanical scan Way to read. An opening 41 for penetrating the ejector cylinder 48 is provided in these flat plates 5. The ejection cylinder 4 8 drives an ejection plate 4 2, thereby removing the casting from the mold. Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b, and Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b show two types of operation processing units 1, 10, which are used in a low-pressure die-casting equipment according to the first modification of the present invention. . The first operation processing unit 1-the first operation processing unit is suitable for conveying a closed permanent mold 3-a frame 2 having a U-shaped cross section, and forming one side with three open sides的 轴 轴 3 5。 The receiving shaft 3 5. The two side walls 2a and 2b of the frame 2 support a closing device 6, which in this case comprises four hydraulically driven closing cylinders 7, respectively. As shown in FIG. 4, the first operation processing unit 1 and the second operation processing unit 10 are connected to a driving device 17 respectively, and using this driving device 17, these __ 13 This paper standard applies to the China Standard (CNS) ) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love) ------------ change -------- order --------- line · (Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page again for details) 537939 V. Description of Invention (Π) The operation processing unit can move along the horizontal and vertical directions of a guide rail 18. As a result, the frame 2 is placed on a closed permanent mold 3 due to the movement in the vertical direction. At this time, the permanent mold 3 is tied in a standing position, so that the permanent mold 3 is received on the receiving shaft. 3 5 miles with a slight fit clearance. The permanent mold 3 is fixed by a closed cylinder 7 which engages the hollowed-out portion 8 in the lateral coupling element 4. The stroke of the closing cylinder 7 required for this fixing operation is very small 'and is only a few millimeters (approximately 10 to 20 mm). The first operation processing unit 1 has no other moving elements, and thus it can be manufactured with a low construction cost. The closing device 6 holds the closed permanent mold 3 staying inside the first operation processing unit 1, and holds it during casting. The second operation processing unit 10 shown in FIGS. 3 a and 3 b is suitable for delivering the opened permanent mold, and the two permanent mold halves 3 a, 3 b of the permanent mold are at a distance from each other at this time, and Aligned parallel to each other. The second operation processing unit 10 also includes a U-shaped frame 1 1. The distance between the side walls 1 1 a and 1 1 b of the U-shaped frame 11 is larger than the frame 2 of the first operation processing unit 1. Each side wall 1 1 a, 1 lb contains a holding device 12. In this case, the holding device 12 includes a holding element 13 and a holding hydraulic cylinder 14. The holding element 1 3 is matched with a lateral coupling element. The short pin 15 of 4 acts intersectingly, and the holding cylinder 1 4 acts in cooperation with the hollowed-out part 8. The two permanent mold halves 3a and 3b are held and fixed inside the second operation processing unit 10 by the holding device 12. As the second operation processing unit 1 〇 is placed from above to stand upright 14 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) " (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) --- 11 --- Order ---------. 537939 a7 B7 --- A '----- V. Description of the invention (/ ^) and it is on the open permanent mold 3, so the permanent The mold is housed inside, and then the holding cylinder 14 is removed. Other gripping mechanisms and closed hydraulic cylinders can also be used. As in the first operation processing unit 1, this case also has no moving parts except for closing the hydraulic cylinder. Fig. 4 illustrates a preferred structure of a linear arrangement of a low-pressure die-casting quilt of the present invention. One casting station 19 and the other stations are arranged along a straight line, preferably arranged at regular intervals. The other workstations referred to in this case are a core insertion workstation 20, a take-out workstation 2 1, a permanent mold replacement workstation 2 2 ′-a washing station 2 3, and a coated graphite workstation 24. There is a waiting position 2 2 ′ between the casting station 19 and the core insertion station 20: If the permanent mold is not to be replaced at that time, the area above the permanent mold replacement station 2 2 can also be used as a waiting position. The left part of Figure 4 illustrates a side view of the casting station 19 rotated 90 degrees. The casting equipment has a first operation processing unit 1 and two second operation processing units 10 and 10 ′, and these operation processing units are respectively connected to a driving device 17 which drives the first operation processing The unit 1 and the second operation processing unit 10, 10 'cause them to move along a linear guide rail 18, and, in addition, allow the height of these operation processing units to be adjusted. These operation processing units 1, 10, 10 'can all be moved independently without affecting each other. Their actions are controlled by a control device (not shown). Since the permanent mold is not fixedly connected to a specific operation processing unit, three operation processing units can also be used in this linear arrangement. Compared with traditional devices, this will obviously 15 --------------------- Order --------- (Please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page) The paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) A7 537939 5. Description of the invention (!) Increasing the working cycle time of the device. An example of the operation of the permanent mold is illustrated in Figs. 1a and 1b. According to this example, the first operation processing unit 1 receives a closed permanent mold at the core insertion station, and moves it to the casting station 19, and then to the removal station 21. When the closed permanent mold is transferred to the take-out station 21, it is opened, after which the casting is taken out. During this time, the first operation processing unit has been moved back to the core insertion station to facilitate picking up a new permanent mold. The vacated permanent mold is picked up by the second operation processing unit 10 at the take-out station 21 and, in the opened state, is transported to the decontamination station 23 and transferred to a further station thereafter. After this transfer operation, the second operation processing unit 10 moves to the waiting position 2 2 '. Finally, the permanent mold that has been washed is picked up by another second operation processing unit 10 at the washing station 2 3, and is transferred to the coated graphite station 2 4 where the coated graphite station 2 At four places, during the graphite coating operation, the permanent mold stays on this second operation processing unit 10 '. The permanent mold is then transferred to the core insertion station 20, where the work cycle begins again. During this time, the actions performed by the other two operation processing units are also illustrated in Figure 11a. As a whole, it is capable of operating three permanent molds simultaneously, and can achieve a cycle time of the device in the range of 40 to 60 seconds. Because each permanent mold returns to the casting station 19 after a multiple of the working cycle time, no additional heating steps are required to keep the permanent mold at the desired temperature. The temperature of the permanent mold is measured and maintained by rinsing or spraying time. _ 16__ This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (21〇χ 297 mm) -------- ------------ Order --------- line (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7 537939 V. Description of Invention (I Today) . 5 to 10 are diagrams illustrating the structure of individual workstations. In the following technical notes, only the differences from traditional workstations are described. The structure of the casting station 19 shown in Fig. 5 is provided with an induction furnace which is the same as the conventional technique. The first operation processing unit 1 is used to place the permanent mold on the lifter 25 of the induction furnace. At the same time, the first operation processing unit 1 also applies the closing force required to close the permanent mold halves 3a, 3b. The core insertion station 20 illustrated in Figs. 6a to 6b includes a carrier 27, which can be moved across the guide rail 18 (see Fig. 4), and An opening and closing device 26 that is pivotable about a horizontal axis is connected to the carrier 27. In its lying state (left part of Fig. 6a), the opening and closing device can accommodate a permanent mold 3, and the permanent mold 3 is in an open state at this time. The opening and closing device 2 6 grasps and holds the lateral coupling element 4 of the permanent mold. This is illustrated diagrammatically in Figs. 6c to 6d: the permanent mold 3 is placed from above on the holding hydraulic cylinder 14 'which engages in the air-controlling portion 8 of the lower plate 5. Then, the closing hydraulic cylinder 7 'is moved into the lateral hollowed-out portion 8 of the plate 5, thereby clamping the latter. Since the opening / closing device 26 is pivoted by a 90 degree angle (see the right part of Fig. 6a), the permanent mold halves 3a, 3b are moved into a horizontal position, so that the sand mold core can be used at Insert manually. The permanent mold 3 is finally closed, and the opening and closing device is pivoted back to the lying position. The first operation processing unit 1 can pick up the closed permanent mold 3 in this state. Figure 6b says 17 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)
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I . 線 A7 537939 ____ B7 _ 五、發明說明（) 明圖4裏所描繪之型芯插入工作站的視圖，然而，圖6 a 係此一視圖旋轉9 0度角觀察所得之視圖。 在圖7裏的取出工作站2 1自第一操作處理單元1處 接收一個閉合的永久模，並且，利用一個內部的開啓和閉 合裝置2 6 來打開匕，以致於能夠使用一個頂出裝置來 頂出和取下鑄件2 8。然後，該永久模在開啓的狀態之下 被撿取起來。 一個第二操作處理單元1〇將開啓的永久模傳送一個 淸洗工作站，圖8描繪出該淸洗工作站的輪廓。該淸洗工 作站在殻體3 0裏面設有一個用於接收該開啓之永久模的 接納機構。永久模是以一種預先設定電腦程式的方式來加 以噴砂或淸洗。然後，該永久模由另一個第二操作處理單 兀1 0 ’予以拾起，並且將它移動到圖9所示的塗佈石墨 工作站2 4，在該塗佈石墨工作站2 4裏，永久模連同該 第二操作處理單元10， 一起被放下，再由一個噴灑單元 3 1加以噴灑，然後，永久模再次被升起。 圖1 0所示的永久模更換工作站2 2包括一個用來將 預定要被更換之永久模移走的載架3 2和一個用來帶入一 個新的、預先加熱過的永久模的載架3 3。這些載架能夠 朝向著導引軌條18方向的橫切方向移動（參見圖4)。 在預定要更換之永久模被置入後，載架3 2向著側邊方向 移開’以便載架3 3可以佔取原先由載架3 2所佔據的位 置’而同時，保持住已開啓的永久模半3 a和3 b。 圖1 2爲本發明第二變化實施例之低壓力壓鑄設備的 ____^_ 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） I:-----------詹----------------1· (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 537939 五、發明說明（J ) 平面視圖。該低壓力壓鑄設備具有一個鑄造工作站1 9、 一個取出/淸洗工作站2 1/2 3、一個永久模更換工作 站2 2、一個冷卻與淸洗工作站和一個型芯插入工作站2 〇、和一個用來搬移這些永久模的抓取與輸送系統。該抓 取與輸送系統包含有三個操作處理單元，這三個操作處理 單兀係沿著排列成一個三角形的導引軌條1 8移動。這些 永久模3係圖示在圖1 a至圖1 e之中，而個別的工作站 是圖示在圖13至圖15裏。 圖13a、圖13b分別係一個鑄造工作站1 9的側 視圖和平面視圖。該鑄造工作站1 9其本身爲己揭示的技 術，它包含有一個夾緊單元4 3。該夾緊單元4 3包括一 個長方形且係連續之框架4 3 a，框架4 3 a的內部具有 一個接納元件4 4，以接納永久模3的側向聯結元件4。 永久模3是從上方被引導進入到夾緊單元4 3。另外，可 以設置有夾緊元件，用來當永久模3被引導進入到夾緊單 元4 3裏面之後夾持固定住夾緊單元4 3裏面的永久模3 。該夾緊單元4 3是被固定到一個垂直擺設的迴轉柱4 5 ，並且能夠圍繞著一條垂直之軸線樞轉，同時，也可沿著 垂直方向被移動。 圖1 4 a至圖1 4 c說明一個取出和淸潔工作站2 1 /2 3的側視圖，這些視圖是從一個垂直於輸送方向之側 邊觀察的（圖14a)、從上方觀察的（圖]_4b)、以 及從沿著輸送方向之側邊方向觀察的（圖1 4 c )。本設 備也設有一個開啓和閉合裝置2 6，永久模3可從上方被 19 t氏張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） ' ' (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------線 A7 537939 _______B7_____ 五、發明說明（) 接觸到。開啓和閉合裝置2 6具有保持元件1 3，這些保 持元件1 3同樣地嚙合在永久模3之側向聯結元件4的側 向平板5上面。在本案例裏在保持元件1 3之間沿著輸送 方向上的距離是可變動的，以致於該兩個永久模半3 a、 3 b能夠被拉開以便取出鑄件，並且進行淸洗（虛線代表 永久模半3b’ ）。該開啓和閉合裝置26的開啓和關閉 動作是由液壓缸4 6來作動的。導桿2 7被用來在水平方 向上引導保持元件1 3。一個頂出缸4 8被用來移動一個 頂出板4 2，在圖1 c和圖1 d裏對這個頂出板4 2有更 詳細的說明。頂出板4 2被用來從鑄模裏釋放出完成的鑄 件2 8，以致於它們能夠被一個取出單元5 1撿拾起來。 在取出之後，一個淸洗噴嘴2 9沿著該已被開啓的永久模 半3 a、3 b移動。淸洗噴嘴2 9的動作可以被當作該鑄 造模的一個功能來控制。該工作站也設有一個噴砂單元4 9 〇 圖1 5 a和圖1 5 b分別係一個冷卻與淸洗工作站的 側視圖和平面視圖。該工作站具有一個型芯插入工作站。 永久模3被放置到一個開啓與閉合裝置2 6 ’裏面。這個 裝置的保持元件13係實質地以與鑄造工作站19或淸洗 工作站之保持元件相同的方式設計，並且再一次地嚙合在 永久模半3 a和3 b的側向聯結元件4上面。該保持元件 13分離開來以打開該永久模3(如圖中之虛線所示）， 並且圍繞著水平軸D1和D1’樞轉，以便該永久模半3 a和3 b能夠浸塗於冷卻淸洗槽3 5裏面。在連同垂直之 20 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210: 297公釐）~~^ --------------------訂---------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) A7 537939 ________B7__ 五、發明說明（/g ) 永久模半3 a和3 b —起樞轉回到起始位置之後，整個的 開啓和閉合裝置26’再圍繞著另一條水平軸線D2(圖 中以虛線表示另一個位置）樞轉。在這個位置上，型芯被 放置到下側之永久模半3 a上面，永久模3被閉合起來， 開啓和閉合裝置26’被樞轉回，且永久模3由抓取與輸 送系統沿著垂直方向被取下。 圖1 6 a至圖1 6 c說明本發明之永久模被聯結到一 個操作處理單元上的方式，該操作處理單元能夠被用在本 發明的第二變化例和本發明的第一變化例裏的閉合輸送方 式裏。該操作處理單元包含有一個水平板5 3，在該水平 板5 3的底面上設置有數個保持元件1 3，，在這些保持 元件13，之間的間隔空隙是可改變的。它們具有一個突 起物，該突起物嚙合在側向聯結元件4之短銷1 5的一個 對應凹部裏。依此一方式，永久模在水平方向和垂直方向 上都被固定住，並且在輸送作業期間都被保持在閉合狀態 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公爱） --------------------訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)MW 4! 1 II! I. Line A7 537939 ____ B7 _ 5. Description of the invention () The view of the core inserting station depicted in Figure 4 is shown, however, Figure 6a is obtained when this view is rotated by 90 degrees Its view. The take-out station 21 in FIG. 7 receives a closed permanent mold from the first operation processing unit 1 and uses an internal opening and closing device 2 6 to open the dagger, so that an ejection device can be used to eject Take out and remove the casting 2 8. Then, the permanent mold is picked up in the opened state. A second operation processing unit 10 transfers the opened permanent mold to a cleaning station, and FIG. 8 depicts the outline of the cleaning station. The cleaning station is provided with a receiving mechanism for receiving the opened permanent mold inside the housing 30. Permanent molds are sandblasted or rinsed in a preset computer program. Then, the permanent mold is picked up by another second operation processing unit 10 ′, and it is moved to the coated graphite workstation 24 shown in FIG. 9, where the permanent mold is Together with the second operation processing unit 10, it is lowered and sprayed by a spraying unit 31, and then the permanent mold is raised again. The permanent mold changing station 22 shown in FIG. 10 includes a carrier 32 for removing a permanent mold that is intended to be replaced, and a carrier for bringing in a new, pre-heated permanent mold. 3 3. These carriers can be moved in a direction transverse to the direction of the guide rail 18 (see FIG. 4). After the permanent mold that is scheduled to be replaced is placed, the carrier 32 is moved away from the side so that the carrier 3 3 can take up the position previously occupied by the carrier 32 while keeping the opened Permanent mold halves 3a and 3b. Figure 12 is the ____ ^ _ of the low-pressure die-casting equipment of the second modified embodiment of the present invention. The paper size is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 mm) I: -------- --- Zhan ---------------- 1 · (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) A7 537939 V. Description of the invention (J) Plan view. The low-pressure die-casting equipment has a casting station 19, a removal / washing station 2 1/2 3, a permanent mold changing station 2 2, a cooling and washing station and a core insertion station 2 0, and a To move the gripping and conveying systems of these permanent dies. The grasping and conveying system includes three operation processing units, and the three operation processing units move along the guide rails 18 arranged in a triangle. These permanent molds 3 are shown in Figs. 1a to 1e, and individual workstations are shown in Figs. 13 to 15. 13a and 13b are a side view and a plan view of a casting station 19, respectively. The foundry station 19 itself is a disclosed technology, which contains a clamping unit 43. The clamping unit 4 3 includes a rectangular and continuous frame 4 3 a. The inside of the frame 4 3 a has a receiving element 4 4 to receive the lateral coupling element 4 of the permanent mold 3. The permanent mold 3 is guided into the clamping unit 43 from above. In addition, a clamping element may be provided for clamping and fixing the permanent mold 3 inside the clamping unit 43 after the permanent mold 3 is guided into the clamping unit 43. The clamping unit 43 is fixed to a vertically arranged rotating column 4 5 and can be pivoted about a vertical axis. At the same time, it can also be moved in the vertical direction. Figures 14a to 14c illustrate side views of a take-out and cleaning station 2 1/2 3, these views are viewed from a side perpendicular to the conveying direction (Figure 14a), and viewed from above (Figure ] _4b), and viewed from the side direction along the conveying direction (Figure 1 4c). This device also has an opening and closing device 2 6 and the permanent mold 3 can be 19 t's Zhang scale from above. Applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210 X 297 mm) '' (Please read the note on the back first Please fill in this page again for the items) Order --------- line A7 537939 _______B7_____ 5. Description of the invention () Contact. The opening and closing device 26 has holding elements 13 which are likewise engaged on the lateral plate 5 of the lateral coupling element 4 of the permanent mold 3. In this case, the distance between the holding elements 1 3 along the conveying direction is variable, so that the two permanent mold halves 3 a, 3 b can be pulled apart in order to remove the casting and rinse (dotted line) Represents permanent mold half 3b '). The opening and closing operation of the opening and closing device 26 is performed by a hydraulic cylinder 46. The guide bar 27 is used to guide the holding member 13 in the horizontal direction. An ejector cylinder 48 is used to move an ejector plate 42. The ejector plate 42 is described in more detail in Figs. 1c and 1d. The ejection plate 42 is used to release the completed castings 28 from the mold so that they can be picked up by a take-out unit 51. After removal, a cleaning nozzle 29 moves along the opened permanent mold halves 3a, 3b. The action of the washing nozzle 29 can be controlled as a function of the casting mold. The workstation is also equipped with a sandblasting unit 49. Figures 15a and 15b are side and plan views of a cooling and washing station, respectively. The workstation has a core insertion workstation. The permanent mold 3 is placed in an opening and closing device 2 6 ′. The holding element 13 of this device is designed substantially in the same manner as the holding element of the casting station 19 or the washing station, and once again engages the lateral coupling elements 4 of the permanent mold halves 3a and 3b. The holding element 13 is separated to open the permanent mold 3 (shown as a dashed line in the figure) and pivoted about the horizontal axes D1 and D1 'so that the permanent mold halves 3a and 3b can be dip-coated for cooling Rinse the inside of the sink 3 5. In conjunction with the vertical 20 paper sizes, the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210: 297 mm) is applicable ~~ ^ -------------------- Order- -------- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) A7 537939 ________B7__ V. Description of the invention (/ g) Permanent mold halves 3 a and 3 b — After pivoting back to the starting position , The entire opening and closing device 26 'pivots about another horizontal axis D2 (another position is indicated by a dashed line in the figure). In this position, the core is placed above the permanent mold half 3a on the lower side, the permanent mold 3 is closed, the opening and closing device 26 'is pivoted back, and the permanent mold 3 is moved along by the gripping and conveying system. Removed vertically. Figures 16a to 16c illustrate the manner in which the permanent mold of the present invention is coupled to an operation processing unit, which can be used in the second modification of the present invention and the first modification of the present invention. Closed transport mode. The operation processing unit includes a horizontal plate 5 3, and a plurality of holding elements 13 are provided on the bottom surface of the horizontal plate 5 3. The interval between the holding elements 13 can be changed. They have a projection which engages in a corresponding recess of the short pin 15 of the lateral coupling element 4. In this way, the permanent mold is fixed in both the horizontal and vertical directions, and is kept closed during the conveying operation. The paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210 X 297 public love)- ------------------- Order --------- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)