TW536615B - Air separation method to produce gaseous product - Google Patents

Air separation method to produce gaseous product Download PDF

Info

Publication number
TW536615B
TW536615B TW090129417A TW90129417A TW536615B TW 536615 B TW536615 B TW 536615B TW 090129417 A TW090129417 A TW 090129417A TW 90129417 A TW90129417 A TW 90129417A TW 536615 B TW536615 B TW 536615B
Authority
TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
air
liquid
stream
flow rate
patent application
Prior art date
Application number
TW090129417A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul Higginbotham
Niranjan Sundaram
Leighton B Wilson
Joseph Straub
Joseph P Naumovitz
Original Assignee
Boc Group Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boc Group Inc filed Critical Boc Group Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of TW536615B publication Critical patent/TW536615B/zh

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/04103—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression using solely hydrostatic liquid head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F25J3/04296—Claude expansion, i.e. expanded into the main or high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04472—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages
    • F25J3/04496—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist
    • F25J3/04503—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist by exchanging "cold" between at least two different cryogenic liquids, e.g. independently from the main heat exchange line of the air fractionation and/or by using external alternating storage systems
    • F25J3/04509—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist by exchanging "cold" between at least two different cryogenic liquids, e.g. independently from the main heat exchange line of the air fractionation and/or by using external alternating storage systems within the cold part of the air fractionation, i.e. exchanging "cold" within the fractionation and/or main heat exchange line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04472—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages
    • F25J3/04496—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist
    • F25J3/04503—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist by exchanging "cold" between at least two different cryogenic liquids, e.g. independently from the main heat exchange line of the air fractionation and/or by using external alternating storage systems
    • F25J3/04509—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist by exchanging "cold" between at least two different cryogenic liquids, e.g. independently from the main heat exchange line of the air fractionation and/or by using external alternating storage systems within the cold part of the air fractionation, i.e. exchanging "cold" within the fractionation and/or main heat exchange line
    • F25J3/04515—Simultaneously changing air feed and products output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/912—External refrigeration system
    • Y10S62/913—Liquified gas

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Description

536615 A7 B7 五 、發明説明（ 發明背景 本發明係關於一種依據需要之循環分離空氣產生氣態產 物之方法。尤其，本發明係關於一種方法，其中高度需要 之期間空氣經液化且儲存使產物流免於蒸發，且在低需求 期間，會儲存在高需求期間蒸發之至少一部份產物。更尤 其，本發明係關於一種方法，其中液態產物持續的產生， 以降低空氣流率對壓縮機變化之大小。 先前技藝中曾提出各種方法及裝置，以分離空氣且因此 依需要之循環產生氣態產物。需求循環之過程中，需求循 環會在高及低需求期間間移動。依據該需求，在高需求期 間中產生之氣態產物會多於低需求期間。此類製造需求對 於具有氧氣循環需求之工業通常係需要，如煉鋼廠。 在依據需求循環之功能設計之空氣分離廠之依實例中， 係使經過濾之空氣壓縮。移除壓縮熱，且使空氣之濕氣、 二氧化碳等進一步純化。隨後，冷卻部分空氣至其露點溫 度，且導入雙蒸餾塔系統之底部。在雙蒸餾塔系統中，較 高及較低加壓塔係依熱傳關係彼此相連，以產生液態氧當 作低壓管之塔底產物。預分離之另一部份空氣在加壓壓縮 器中壓縮，接著分離因此部分空氣部分冷卻且渦輪膨脹， 以產生設備冷凍，且另一部分空氣完全冷卻。 高需求期間中，在低需求期間中先產生且除儲存在儲存 桶中之液氧係藉由泵浦加壓，接著於主熱交換器中對使在 壓力中加壓且充分冷卻之部分空氣冷凝完全蒸發。所得冷 凝之空氣流部分儲存且部分導入較高壓蒸餾塔中。在低需 -4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
裝 536615 A7 B7 五、發明説明（2 ) 求期間之過程中，係使先前儲存之液態空氣供給至高壓蒸 鶴塔中。 上述執行製程之實際困難為在高需求期間，需進一步壓 縮更多之空氣，且因此液化，以蒸發增加之產物流率。加 壓壓縮機之輸入流可以變化多至5 0 %。大部份已知壓縮機 在不使輸出流循環下均無法符合該輸入流之變化。因此， 未符合5 0 %之設計流率，壓縮機之部分輸出流需循環回到 入口處。然而，壓縮機需經估計以產生所需之輸出流。#因 此，當流率為5 0 %時，加壓壓縮機具有過度之容量，且因 此實務上，使用比理論上所需更大之壓縮機。其由設備成 本以及電力使用之觀點而言均沒有效率。 置於所討論者，本發明操作一需求循環，因此對加壓壓 縮機並沒有過度之空氣流率變化，因此可使壓縮機之使用 更有效率。 發明概要 本發明係提供一種分離空氣製造富含氣態產物成分之空 氣，且依據高及低需求期間之需求循環之方法。依據本方 法，藉由空氣之低溫精餾產生第一及第二種液態流。空氣 之成分中富含第一種液態流，且在最後形成產物。需注意 本文及申請專利範圍中所用之 ''冷凍精餾〃一詞包含壓縮 空氣且冷卻至約露點，接著在一或多蒸餾塔中蒸餾之方法 〇 低需求之期間中，儲存產物之供給係自至少一部份之液態流 形成。高需求期間中，產物流係自至少一部份儲存液態流 -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐)
裝 ij 鏃 536615 A7 B7 五、發明説明（3 ) 形成且加壓。隨後，產物流蒸發產生氣態產物。同時，使 第一次進一步冷卻之空氣流（與產物流直接通過熱交換器） 冷凝。需了解本文及申請專利範圍中所用之'λ冷凝〃一詞 不僅包含包含其中之物質自蒸氣改變成液態之方法，液包 含超臨界流體在充分冷卻後解壓產生液體之方法。在至少 低的需求期間中，冷凍係藉由使第二種進一步壓縮之空氣 流操作效能膨脹產生，因此使低溫精餾製程冷凍，且產生 第一種及第二種液態流，且易產生由第二種液態流組成之 液態流。因此，低需求期間中欲進一步壓縮之空氣流率大 於並不需產生液態產物者。 上述方法之優點為增加欲進一步壓縮之空氣流率，同時 導致壓縮需求增加，實際上降低另外發生之高及低需求期 間間增加之百分比。如以下所討論，可隨當作冷凍目的之 進一步壓縮空氣之改變進行產物製造。依此方式，進一步 壓縮之空氣可使加壓之液態產物流蒸發，因此可進一步降 低移動到主空氣壓縮機之空氣流。事實上，該製程可在高 及低需求期間使其中之空氣對加壓壓縮機之流率維持不變 下進行。 詳細敛述 參考附圖，係說明可使用之本發明空氣分離裝置1，以產 生氣態氮及氣態氧產物。 - 依據空氣分離裝置1之操作方法，經過濾器10過濾後之空氣 以主空氣壓縮機12壓縮。藉由後冷卻機14自所得之壓縮空氣 移除壓縮之熱。藉由以已知之預純化單元16移除雜質如二氧 -6- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Α4規格(210 X 297公釐） 536615 A7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) 化竣及濕氣進一步純化空氣。空氣藉由加壓壓縮機1 8進一步 壓縮，形成進一步壓縮空氣流20。進一步之壓空氣流20導入 主熱交換器22中，於其中相對於反向通過主熱交換器22之其 他加溫流冷卻。雖然主熱交換器2 2係以單一單元說明，但實 務上熱交換器可為許多熱交換器之熱交換器複合物。 經部分冷卻之進一步壓縮空氣流20(冷卻至主熱交換器 2 2之溫及熱端間之溫度）分成第一及第二進一步壓縮空氣流 2 4及2 ό 〇第一種進一步壓縮空氣流2 4冷卻至液化溫度，且 第二種進一步壓縮空氣流2 6在渦輪壓縮機2 8中渦輪壓縮， 產生冷凍流3 0。冷凍流3 0對空氣分離裝置1加冷凍，且協 助製造液態產物。說明之具體例中，渦輪膨脹器2 8提供所 有冷凍。然而，可能依據本發明之方法，藉由以液體供給 冷凍協助進行，例如在高產物需求之期間。事實上，在高 需求期間之過程中，所有冷凍均可藉由液體協助進行。 壓縮空氣流3 2係藉由使一部份預純化之空氣轉到加壓壓 縮機1 8中。壓縮之空氣3 2冷卻至其露點，且與冷凍液流3 0 合併。所得之流動導入空氣分離單元3 4之底部。 空氣分離單元34包含高壓塔36及低壓塔38。高壓及低壓 塔3 6及38含質傳元件，其可包含無規或結構之承盤或充填 。高壓塔3 6之功能係使進入之空氣蒸發，產生富含氮器之 塔頂餾出物及粗液氧塔底物。高壓塔36係藉由移除富含氮 氣之流4 0回流，且在冷凝器再煮鍋4 2中冷凝該流，產生回 流之流44。回流之流44分成二部分。一部份46係用於使高 -7- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐)
裝 訂 t A7 B7
536615 五、發明説明 壓塔36回流。另一部份48在次冷卻單元5〇中在冷卻，以膨 脹閥52閥膨脹至低壓塔38之壓力，接著以回流導入低壓塔 3 8中〇 以高壓塔塔底物3 6產生之粗液氧萃取成粗液氧流54，於 低壓塔3 8中進一步精製。粗液氧流5 4於次冷卻單元5 〇中次 冷卻，且S導入低壓塔38進一步精製前以㈣闕56闕膨腺 。進一步精製在低壓塔38中產生富含氧之液態塔底物。富 含氧之液態塔底物以冷凝器再煮鍋42沸騰，於低壓塔38中 沸騰。需了解、N冨含〃（如申請專利範圍中所用）或、、富含 氧足液體並沒有純度之特殊意義。本發明因.此期望高純 度產物，例如超過9 9 %，以及相當例如富含氧之空氣高純 度在30%以下。低壓塔38易產生氣態氮氣流58，其會在交 換器22中充分加溫且排出於製成中前，逆向通過次冷卻單 元50，次冷卻回流流44之部分4 8及粗液氧流54。 裝置1設計之功能係在高需求。接著在低需求期間，於高 壓及較大輸出下，製造液氧產物。因此，技藝中習知之裝 置1方式係以已知之方式控制，依據該需求方式循環操作。 為製造液氧產物，液氧流6〇自低壓塔38萃取，且分成第 一及第二液態流62及64，第一液態流62導入液體儲存桶 66中，且第二液態流64則導入液體產物桶68中，液氧產物 流70可自該桶萃取。因此可了解液體儲存及產物桶66及68 可為相同之桶。由預蒸發之液氧組成之液體產物流7 2係由 加壓用之泵浦74泵浦，接著在主熱交換器22中蒸發，在加 壓下產生氣態氧產物。如技藝中已知，可使用靜態壓差代 -8- 本纸張人现―關冢料(_规格(2ΐ()χ297_
裝 訂 536615 A7 B7 五、發明説明（6 ) 替泵浦74產生該壓力。 高需求期間中，會產生更多之液態空氣，因此流動7 8中 過量之液態空氣會到達桶8 0中，以收集液態空氣。同時， 液氧產物桶68中之液氧會被用盡。其可完全用盡，且使其 完全用於形成液態產物流7 2或可用於增加液態產物流7 2， 因此僅部分液態產物流7 2自存液體產生。低需求期間，會 增加液氧儲存桶66中儲存之液氧，且先前累積於液態空氣 儲存桶80中之液態空氣視同具有冷凝空氣部分76之儲存空 氣流8 2。此可藉由開啟閥8 4執行。接著將合併之流在以膨 脹閥85膨脹製壓力之前導入高壓塔36中。依該.方式，到達 塔之液體流於高及低需求期間均維持相對一定。因此可了 解液態空氣可以以過剩之量製備，以液態產物空氣銷售。 需注意本發明包含不需儲存液態空氣之方法。因此，可 能依據本發明設計一種循環，其中在高需求期間，係將所 有液態空氣導入分離塔中。另一種點為針對超臨界空氣， 則會儲存在液態空氣儲存桶80中之液態空氣壓力系低於超 臨界點。其可以以使超臨界空氣閥膨脹執行。由該膨脹產 生之所得蒸氣部分會導入蒸餾塔中。 如上述，在加壓壓縮機18中進行流率大幅度的變化對於 操作並無效。本發明中，裝置1除氣態產物外持續進行液態 產物之製造。因此，通常需要藉由使用加壓壓縮機18供給 部分冷凍之需求，且因此，其流率之變化程度使之不會產 生液體。在高需求期間，關掉渦輪膨脹器2 8。因此，渦輪 膨脹器如渦輪膨脹器28且提供可用之輸入抽氣，以控制其 • 9 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐)
裝 m 536615 A7 B7 五、發明説明（7 ) 流動。說明之壓縮機1 8係以相似之排列提供。關掉渦輪蒸 發氣28會造成過度流動，會使滿輪膨脹氣28形成第一種另 一壓縮之空氣流24。高操作提供欲液化更適用之空氣，及 因此蒸發之液氧產物流72。然而，因為其冷凍較差，因產 生之液體較少，且因此需關掉閥6 7，使更多的液氧流到液 氧儲存桶66中。而且可了解到，全部系統均可經調整，使 得加壓壓縮機1 8之流率似乎未改變，且主要空氣流動壓縮 機1 2之空氣流僅稍改變。 計算之實例列於下列三種可能之液體製造流程之圖中。 個案1為先前技藝之製造，其中並未產生液體。個案2包含 每天製造30噸量之液態產物之製造。最後。個案3包含每 曰平均製造30噸之液體。個案3中液體之製造並非一定及 trj~ 〇
個案I 個案II
個案III 逼需求 高需求 低需求 南需求 低需求 高需求 總氣態氧製造 (噸/天） 70 210 70 210 70 210 流動62(噸/天） 140 140 140 140 140 140 流動64(喝/天） 痛 一 30 30 42.8 17 加壓壓縮機18流率 (Nm3/小時） 6049 11634 12621 18205 15383 15383 煮空氣壓縮機12流 率(Nm3/小時） 15335 20919 19212 24804 20786 23135 -10- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐)
裝
536615 A7 B7 五、發明説明（8 ) 流動60(喉/天） 140 140 170 170 182.8 157 流動78(嘲/天） 細 2792 2792 2792 流動82(噸/天） 2792 2792 2792 麵鶴 個案1之圖示實例顯示加壓壓縮機1 8 (在高及低需求段之 間）之流動約48%。個案II中，部分液體系依本發明製造， 其變化降至約3 1 %，個案III中，加壓壓縮機1 8之流動為一 定。 本發明不僅用於加壓之氧氣製造，且用於設計用於製造 加壓氮氣產物之設備。另外，雖然製成液態產物之液氧， 但亦可藉由抽除液態氮執行類似之操作。另一點為依本發 明之方法建構之任一種裝置中，雖然已說明單段渦輪膨脹 ，且為熟習本技藝者已知，但其效率可藉由在不同溫度下 提供多段渦輪膨脹了解。另外本發明亦可用於氬氣塔以製 造氬氣。另一點為欲泵浦之液氧（或任一種其他加壓之液態 產物）均可以加壓態儲存。其可使泵浦在一定速率下操作轉 化能量。 雖然本發明以參考較佳具體例敘述，但熟習本技藝者須 了解可進行許多改變、添加及刪除，但均不離本發明之精 神及範圍。 圖式簡單說明 附圖為進行本發明之方法之裝置圖示說明。 元件符號說明 1表示 空氣分離裝置 -11 - 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐） 536615 A7 B7 五、發明説明（ 9 ) 10表示 過濾器 12表示 主空氣壓縮機 14表示 後冷卻機 16表示 預純化單元 1 8表示 加壓壓縮機 20表示 進一步壓縮空氣流 22表示 主熱交換器 2 4 表 第一種進一步壓縮空氣流 26表示 第二種進一步壓縮空氣流 28表示 滿輪廢縮機 30表示 冷凍流 32表示 壓縮空氣流 34表示 空氣分離單元 36表示 高壓塔 38表示 低壓塔 40表示 富含氮氣之流 42表示 冷凝器再煮鍋 44表示 回流之流 46表示 回流之流44之一部份 48表示 回流之流44之另一部份 50表示 次冷卻單元 52表示 膨脹閥 54表示 粗液氮流 56表示 膨脹閥 58表示 氣態氮氣流 ' 60表示 液氧流 -12- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 536615 A7 B7 五、發明説明（ 10 ) 62表示 第一液態流 64表示 弟二液®流 66表示 液體儲存桶 67表示 閥 6 8表示 液體產物桶 70表示 液氧產物流 72表示 液態產物流 74表示 泵浦 76表示 冷凝空氣部份 78表示 流動中過量之液態空氣 80表示 液態空氣儲存桶 82表示 儲存空氣流 84表示 閥 85表示 膨脹閥 -13- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 x 297公釐)

Claims (1)

  1. 536615 A B c D 六、申請專利範圍 1. 一種依據高及低循環需求期間分離空氣以產生富含空氣 中成份之氣態產物之方法，該方法包括： 藉由冷凍精餾空氣以製備第一及第二種液態流，其第 一種液態流富含該空氣成份， 在低需求期間，自該第一種液態流形成儲存產物之供 給； 在高需求期間，加壓由至少部分儲存液體產物形成之 第一產物流，使該產物流蒸發以產生該氣態產物，且使 第一種進一步壓縮空氣流冷凝並與該產物流通過間接熱 交換器；及 在至少低需求期間，藉由操作效能膨脹第二種進一步 壓縮s氣流以產生冷;東，藉以使該低溫精餘製程冷;東， 製備該第一種及第二種液態流，且產生由該第二種液態 流組成之液態產物；因此在低需求期間進一步壓縮之空 氣之空氣流率大於其他不需製造該液態產物者所、需之流 率 〇 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，進一步包括在該高需求 期間，增加該第一種進一步壓縮空氣流之流率及降低該 第二種進一步壓縮空氣流之流率，以降低該冷凍並減少 液態產物之製造，充分地增加該進一步壓縮之空氣流之 第一種流率以使該產物流蒸發。 3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之方法，其中該第一種流率增加 ，且該第二種流率降低，使得欲進一步壓縮之空氣之空 氣流率不會在高與低需求期間間改變。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 536615 A B c D 々、申請專利範圍 4 .如申請專利範圍第1、2或3項之方法，其中該產物流係 以栗浦加壓。 5. 如申請專利範圍第4項之方法，其中該成份包括氧。 6. 如申請專利範圍第5項之方法，其中該液態流亦富含該 成份。 7. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中： 在低需求期間之過程中，將儲存液態空氣導入低溫精 餾製程中，當作欲分離空氣之部分；及 在高需求期間，該错存液態空氣之供給為冷凝後形成 之部分該第一種壓縮之空氣流。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1或7項之方法，其中在高及低需求期 間中，藉由操作效能膨脹該第二種進一步壓縮之空氣流 以產生冷;東。 9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法，進一步包括在該高需求 期間中，增加該第一種進一步壓縮之空氣流之第一種流 率及降低該第二種進一步壓縮空氣流之第二種流率，以 降低該冷束並減少液態產物之製造，充分地增加該進一 步壓縮空氣流之第一種流率以使該產物流蒸發。 1 0 .如申請專利範圍第9項之方法，其中增加該第一種流率 且降低該第二種流率，使得欲進一步壓縮之空氣之空氣 流率不會在高及低需求期間間改變。 1 1 .如申請專利範圍第1 0項之方法，其中該產物流係以泵浦 加壓。 1 2 .如申請專利範圍第1 1項之方法，其中該成份包括氧。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) 536615 A8 B8 C8 D8 、申請專利範圍 3 .如申請專利範圍第1 2項之方法，其中該液態流亦富含該 成份。 -3- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐）
TW090129417A 2000-09-29 2001-11-28 Air separation method to produce gaseous product TW536615B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/672,489 US6357259B1 (en) 2000-09-29 2000-09-29 Air separation method to produce gaseous product

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
TW536615B true TW536615B (en) 2003-06-11

Family

ID=24698767

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
TW090129417A TW536615B (en) 2000-09-29 2001-11-28 Air separation method to produce gaseous product

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US6357259B1 (zh)
TW (1) TW536615B (zh)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1318368A1 (en) * 2001-12-10 2003-06-11 The Boc Group, Inc. Air separation method to produce gaseous product at a variable flow rate
GB0219415D0 (en) * 2002-08-20 2002-09-25 Air Prod & Chem Process and apparatus for cryogenic separation process
FR2853407B1 (fr) * 2003-04-02 2012-12-14 Air Liquide Procede et installation de fourniture de gaz sous pression
US7228715B2 (en) * 2003-12-23 2007-06-12 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Cryogenic air separation process and apparatus
US7210312B2 (en) 2004-08-03 2007-05-01 Sunpower, Inc. Energy efficient, inexpensive extraction of oxygen from ambient air for portable and home use
JP5005894B2 (ja) * 2005-06-23 2012-08-22 エア・ウォーター株式会社 窒素発生方法およびそれに用いる装置
US7487648B2 (en) * 2006-03-10 2009-02-10 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic air separation method with temperature controlled condensed feed air
FR2903483B1 (fr) * 2006-07-04 2014-07-04 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de separation d'air par distillation cryogenique
FR2910604B1 (fr) * 2006-12-22 2012-10-26 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de separation d'un melange gazeux par distillation cryogenique
FR2929697B1 (fr) * 2008-04-07 2010-05-07 Air Liquide Procede de production d'azote gazeux variable et d'oxygene gazeux variable par distillation d'air
US20130175004A1 (en) * 2012-01-06 2013-07-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Gas treatment system with a heat exchanger for reduction of chiller energy consumption
EP2824407A1 (de) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-14 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Erzeugung zumindest eines Luftprodukts, Luftzerlegungsanlage, Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2125949B (en) * 1982-08-24 1985-09-11 Air Prod & Chem Plant for producing gaseous oxygen
DE3913880A1 (de) * 1989-04-27 1990-10-31 Linde Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft
FR2670278B1 (fr) * 1990-12-06 1993-01-22 Air Liquide Procede et installation de distillation d'air en regime variable de production d'oxygene gazeux.
FR2706195B1 (fr) * 1993-06-07 1995-07-28 Air Liquide Procédé et unité de fourniture d'un gaz sous pression à une installation consommatrice d'un constituant de l'air.
FR2723184B1 (fr) * 1994-07-29 1996-09-06 Grenier Maurice Procede et installation de production d'oxygene gazeux sous pression a debit variable
FR2757282B1 (fr) * 1996-12-12 2006-06-23 Air Liquide Procede et installation de fourniture d'un debit variable d'un gaz de l'air

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6357259B1 (en) 2002-03-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP2865274B2 (ja) 酸素と窒素を気体及び／又は液体製品として同時に製造するための空気の低温蒸留法
US20160025408A1 (en) Air separation method and apparatus
EP1972875A1 (en) Process and apparatus for the separation of air by cryogenic distillation
EP2122283A2 (en) Air separation method
CA2183511C (en) Air separation method and apparatus for producing nitrogen
EP2307835B1 (en) Nitrogen liquefier retrofit for an air separation plant
EP2603755A2 (en) Air separation method and apparatus
CN1057380C (zh) 低温空气分离方法和设备
JPH05203348A (ja) 精留による空気の分離方法及び装置
NO174684B (no) Fremgangsmaate ved fremstilling av nitrogen ved destillasjon av luft
TW536615B (en) Air separation method to produce gaseous product
AU680472B2 (en) Single column process and apparatus for producing oxygen at above atmospheric pressure
WO2007055954A2 (en) Cryogenic air separation process
US5839296A (en) High pressure, improved efficiency cryogenic rectification system for low purity oxygen production
JPH06241649A (ja) 空気精留により少なくとも一つの圧力下のガス状製品と少なくとも一つの液体を製造する方法並びに設備
CA2679246C (en) Method and apparatus for producing high purity oxygen
JP3190016B2 (ja) 高圧窒素を製造する原料空気の低温蒸留方法
WO2015060930A2 (en) Air separation method and apparatus
EP0949475A2 (en) Separation of air
JP2865281B2 (ja) 空気原料の低温蒸留方法
JP2000356464A (ja) 空気分離用低温蒸着システム
US5778700A (en) Method of producing gaseous oxygen at variable rate
EP2507568A2 (en) Krypton xenon recovery from pipeline oxygen
EP1732978A2 (en) Cryogenic system for producing elevated pressure nitrogen
AU723241B2 (en) Process and plant for air separation by cryogenic distillation