TW455908B - Lighting system - Google Patents
Lighting system Download PDFInfo
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- TW455908B TW455908B TW089101820A TW89101820A TW455908B TW 455908 B TW455908 B TW 455908B TW 089101820 A TW089101820 A TW 089101820A TW 89101820 A TW89101820 A TW 89101820A TW 455908 B TW455908 B TW 455908B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/10—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers
- H01L25/13—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
- F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
- F21K9/232—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings specially adapted for generating an essentially omnidirectional light distribution, e.g. with a glass bulb
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
- F21K9/64—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using wavelength conversion means distinct or spaced from the light-generating element, e.g. a remote phosphor layer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
- F21V13/02—Combinations of only two kinds of elements
- F21V13/08—Combinations of only two kinds of elements the elements being filters or photoluminescent elements and reflectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
- F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
- F21V3/10—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by coatings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
- F21V9/30—Elements containing photoluminescent material distinct from or spaced from the light source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
- G09F13/16—Signs formed of or incorporating reflecting elements or surfaces, e.g. warning signs having triangular or other geometrical shape
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S362/00—Illumination
- Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S362/00—Illumination
- Y10S362/806—Ornamental or decorative
Description
455908 五、發明說明(i) 本發明是關於一種發光系統,這種發光系統包含—個發 光體’操作時可發射出可見光,以及一個可以傳導光線 容器。 ^ 在第一頁所描述的發光系統類变'早*已為業界所熟悉,包 含如裝飾燈用的白熱燈泡,例如所謂的碳絲燈,其中白熱 體部分由螺旋狀碳絲架在支撐物上組成 這種類型的發光 系統還包括使用交錯形、星形或其他裝飾或甜蜜話語(例 如字-母LOVE)。 但這種發光系統的缺點是較低的照明效率,以及較短的 使用壽命。 本發明的目的是要提供一個如封'頁所描述的發光系統類 型,能夠增進照明效率和使用壽命。為了達成這個目標’ 符合本發明的發光系統的特徵為 發光系統包含至少一個光電元件,操作時可發出第一波 長範圍的光, 發光體具有轉換裝置,可將第一波長範圍的光轉換成第 二波長範圍的光,β及 具有塗層的容益,可至少反射第一波長範圍的光。 光電元件包括如發光二極體(LED)等的電子發光元件, 此種光電元件是用來作為照明用%白光或有色光的光源, f者作為訊號燈用的有色光或白光的光源,包栝交通號誌 系統、車輛、航空器或其他運輪裝置或系統上的訊號燈 具。在近年來,除了根據GaP的黃色和紅色發光二極體之 外’也已發展出高致率的GaN藍色和綠色發光二極體。這
O:\62\62564.PTD 第6頁 4 5 5 9 0 8 五、發明說明(2) 種光電元件具有較高的照明效率(2 2 0 1 m / W ),以及較長 的使用壽命(2 7 5 0 0 0小時)。對照之下,一個7 5瓦的碳絲 燈泡具有大約2 i m / W的照明效率,以及平均少於1 , 0 0 0小 時的使用壽命。 > , 一般燈泡在實際操作中,產生光線的方式是對真空密閉 容器中的熾熱發光體通過電流,使得該發光體因高熱而產 生光線。在一般燈泡中,熾熱發光體就是所謂主要的發光 源。而在本發明中,將一般燈泡内的熾熱發光體換成至少 一假光電元件以及一個具轉換裝置的裝置體,用來轉換由 光電元件所發射的第一波長範圍的光線成為第二波長範圍 的光線。採用本發明的發光系統中,光電元.件被視作主要 光源,而轉換裝置被視作第二光滹》轉換裝置是由光電元 件發射的光所激發。部分光線由轉換裝置經由如吸收和發 射的過程,轉換成第二波長範圍寸見光。 如本發明,傳導光線的容器包含至少可反射部分第一波 長光線的塗層。如此一來,由光電元件所產生的第一波長 範圍的光線,並不會直接被轉換裝置所吸收,因而可轉換 成第二波長範圍的光線;第一波長範圍的光線被容器内部 表面反射塗層所反射,除了部分被轉換裝置吸收外,其他 轉換成第二波長範圍的光線。轉換裝置發射出的光線可容 許穿透容器的反射塗層。反射塗層使發光體在理論上只從 底部向上發射光源,成為一同質性的發光體。 如本發明的方式,可得到一種更長使用壽命的高效率發 光系統。在採用本發明的發光系統中,容器(燈泡管)不再
第7頁 45 59 0 8 五、發明說明(3) 只是單純的真空容器,而是具有反射塗層的裝置。因為採 用本發明的燈泡不再只是個真空容器,所有使用上也會比 較安全。但如果有必要,也可省略具有反射塗層的容器。 那麼發光系統就至少要包含一個光電元件和具有轉換裝置 的裝置。 理想上轉換裝置最好包含發(冷)光性材料,這種材料特 別適合,因為其具有較高的量子效率,所以就具有較高的 1 m照度(1 m / W ),提升發光系統的照明效率。此外尚有其他 多穣穩定的非有機性與有機性發光材料(如磷光體),讓本 發明在選擇適合的材料時有更多的選擇,以提升色彩亮 度。 理想上冷光材料最好可用波長在4 0 0到5 0 0毫微米的光線 所激發。這種靈敏度可讓冷光材質特別適合於吸收藍色光 線。吸收後的光線再由冷光材質本身,以極高的效率步轉 換成可見光的波長,如綠色或紅色。發光系統的色溫決定 於應用在何種場合。對於外型酷似碳絲燈泡的發光系統, 適合選擇較低的色溫。至於其他應用方面,則或需要較高 的色溫。 採用本發明的發光系統的最佳應用,其特徵為至少具有 一個包含藍色發光二極體的光電元件,以及冷光材質的轉 換裝置,用以將部分發光二極體產生的光線轉換為紅色可 見光。 理想上藍色發光二極體所發出的光譜波長範圍最好在 4 6 0到4 9 0毫微米之間,而冷光材質所發出紅光的光譜波長
第8頁 455908 修正丨 案號 89101820 五、發明說明(4) 範圍最好在6 1 0到6 3 0毫微米之間。 採用本發明的發光系統的最佳應用,操作時其光電元件 的光流(luminous flux)至少要為5 Ιβι。本發明的發光系 統可帶來連續、一致的高密度照明效果。如果要有效利用 具有5 1 m以上的光電元件,發光系統本身必須要具有散熱 裝置。只有具有高lm的光電發光系統才可取代傳統的熾熱 光燈泡。本發明其中一個特點是具有散熱裝置,可減低發 光系統在操作過程中,由燈座(lamp cap)或供電裝置所產 生的熱度。 上述本發明以及其他方面的特徵可透過下文的圖例進一 步解釋說明。 例圖: 圖1為以部分截面且部分側視所呈現之採用本發明發光 系統的具體實例; 圖2 A為採用本發明發光系統的具體實例的截面圖; 圖2 B為採用本發明發光系統的另種具體實例的載面圖; 以及 圖2 C為採用本發明發光系統的下一種具體實例的截面 圖 這些圖例只是為了說明之用,所以並沒有按比例來繪 製。特別是為了清晰起見,有些部分的尺寸會過度誇大。 這些圖例上的標示號碼為其對應的零件號碼。 圖1顯示採用本發明發光系統的具體實例,其係以部分 截面且部分侧視所呈現。本例中的發光系統包含傳導光線 的容器
O:\62\62564.ptc 第9頁 2001.07. 20. 009 455908 五、發明說明(5) 5以及燈座7。本發明的發光系統包含至少一個光電元件 2, 2’ 。圖1的例子中具有兩個光電元件2, 2,,這兩個光 電元件組成產生和發射預定波長光源的發光部分,加上傳 導光線的容器,例如採用透鏡的形·式、光電元件2, 2 ’就 是電子發光元件’比如說發光二極體LED。發光二極體可 產生特定顏色的光線。適合的發光二極體包括 -藍色GaN發光二極體(Nichiaf):發射光最大波長: 470牵微米,FWHM(半峰全寬):20毫微米; -藍綠GaN發光二極體(Nichia製):發射光最大波長: 520毫微米’FWHM(半峰全寬):40毫微米; _育色GaP發光二極體(Hewiett Packard製):發射光最 大波長:590毫微米,FWHM(半峰禽寬)· 20毫微米。 發光體1具有轉換裝置3,該轉換裝置3由光電元件2, 2, 的發射光所激發。其所發射的光線部分被轉換裝置3轉換 成第二波長範圍的可見光。在圖1的範例中,發光體1並不 兀全具有轉換裝置3,在無法發射光線的部分,即不具有 轉換裝置功能。 理想上轉換裝置3最好採用冷光材質,適合用來將藍光 轉成綠光的冷光材質有:(Sr, Ca)2Si04: Eu2+ ’ Ba2Si04: Eu2+, SrGa2S4, ZnS : Cu+ ,ZnS; Au+ ,ZnS: Al3+ ,(Zn,Cd)S: Ag+和CaS: Ce3+。適用轉換藍光或綠光為紅光的冷光材質 有-CaS: Eu,Mn ;CaS: Eu ;SrS: Eu;(Zn,Cd)S: Ag;
SrO: Eu; Sr3B206; Eu ; s r2Mg (B03 )2; Ca S : Eu, fin ; CaS: Eu 或SrS : Eu。該材質在轉換第一波長範圍光源至第二波長
455908 五、發明說明C6) 範圍光源上,具有較高的量子效能。 發光系統的可見光傳導容器5具有可(部分)反射第一波 長範圍的塗層,因此光電元件2, 2 ’所發射的第一波長範 圍光線,並沒有直接或完全被轉換•裝置3轉換成第二波長 範圍的光線,因為部分被容器5的反射塗層6反射,然後被 轉換裝置3轉換成為第二波長範圍的光線。由轉換裝置3所 產生的光線可穿透具有反射塗層6的容器54。 理想上塗層6應包含多層反射塗層。這種塗層可藉由現 有的塗層技術來達成(蒸汽析出法、濺鍍法、化學蒸汽析 出法、浸潰法)。理想的塗層是將不同折射係數的材料, 以高低係數交錯的方式鍍積而成,例如Nb2 05.、Ta2 05或S i3N4 為高折射係數的塗層材質,S i 02 CMgF2為低折射係數的塗 層材質。選擇不同塗層的厚度即可獲得 >斤需的反射光譜。 理想上塗層6可反射藍光,如果'光電元件2, 2 ’產生藍 光,如果這道藍光不被轉換裝置3所轉換,則由塗層6所反 射,如此一來,藍光即無法離開容器5。由轉換裝置3所產 生的光線可穿透具有反射塗層的容器5。因此採用本發明 的發光系統即可發射出可見光。 理想上容器5表面的塗層6,其反射方向是對準發光體 1 。藉由如此設計*即可避免發光系統在操作時可能會發 生的損壞。 在圖1的範例中,發光系統的調整環8是用來改變光電元 件的光流量。調整環8可將光度調低,發光系統也可具有 第二調整環(未顯示在圖1上),可用來改變光電元件2,2 ’
第11頁 五'發明說明(7) 的相對光流量。燈具也可具有第三調整環(未顯示在圖1 上),可用來改變發光系統所發射出光線的顏色或色溫。 這些調整環可整合在一起,成為具有多功能的單一調整 環。發光系統或可具有額外的光電*元件,例如使用不同顏 色的發光二極體,以獲得所需的顏色再生係數。 圖1所顯示發光系統實例外觀酷似一般的碳絲燈泡,因 為發光體1包含螺旋狀的絲線,通電後會發出可見光,也 因為此發光系統具有可傳導光線的容器。螺旋狀的轉換裝 置將光電元件的藍光,轉換成比藍光波長範圍還高的可見 光。在相較於一般的發光系統,採用本發明的發光系統具 有更高照明效率(2 2 0 1 m / W ),以及更長的使用壽命(g 7 5,0 0 0 小時)。 、 圖2 A、2 B和2 C顯示採用本發明具體實例的各種發光體的 截面圖。圖2 A顯示具有轉換裝置2‘3的十字形元件2 1。圖2 B 顯示具有轉換裝置33的星形元件31和支撐裝置37,支撐裝 置37通常不具有塗層。圖2C顯示具有轉換裝置43, 43’的 裝飾元件41,41’ ,圖2C並未顯示出用於將裝飾元件41, 41’ 固定於燈座的支撐元件。 本發明在嫻熟藝術創作者的手中可演化出許多種的可 能,舉例來說,發光體的外型並不限於圖1、2 A、2 B和2 C 的造型。事實上這有很多種造型的可能性,例如三度空間 的祈禱文字造型,或是聖者雕像的造型。其他可能的例子 包括建築模型或圖晝或其他二度空間的影像,在適當的部 分(比如說邊緣部分)採用發光材質(可由使用者指定)。發
第12頁 455908 五、發明說明(8) 光體也可(部分)容許(可見)光通過,以便將光電元件隱藏 在發光體下方,讓觀者看不到部分的發光系統。轉換裝置 的運用並不限於一種類行,也可結合不同轉換裝置或冷光 材料來使用。而且發光體的不同部.分可採用具有不同轉換 裝置的塗層,所以這些部分會發出不同的顏色。藉著適當 結合光電元件和轉換裝置,達成不同光線和顏色的效果* 這可由使用者來調整C經由調整環)。舉例來說,適當選擇 藍色和綠色的光電元件,加上對藍光和綠光敏感的紅色5粦 光體,改變藍光和綠光之間的平衡量,即可獲致特殊的顏 色效果。在這個例子中,反射層理想上可部分反射藍光和 綠光,如有必要,發光系統可省略具有反射塗層的容器。 在這個例子中,發光系統要包含至少一個光電元件和(具 有轉換裝置的)發光體。此外也可省略皮射塗層。在這個 例子中,發光體只從下方發射光耜,而不再發射均勻發射 光源。 本發明的保護範圍不限於上述範例。本發明可採用新的 特性以及新的特性組合方式,在申請專利範圍的參照號碼 並不限制所保護的範圍。使用『包含』一詞並不能排除申 請專利範圍中未提及的元件。元件前的『一』或『一個』 並不代表沒有多數的可能。
第13頁
Claims (1)
- 455308 --1^· 89101820 泠1 7 月 i^lL· 六'_請專利範圍 Γ 7 補充I 1,一種發光系統,包含一操作時能發出可見光的發光體 (1),以及一能夠傳導光線的容器(5),其特徵為: 發光系統包含至少一個光電元件(2, 2’)’操作時可 發出第 '波長範圍的光線, 具有轉換裝置(3)的發光體(1),用於將第一波長範圍 的光線轉換為第二波長範圍的光線,以及 具有塗層(6)的容器(5),可至少反射第一波長範圍的 光線19 2.如申請專利範圍第1項之發光系統,其特徵為轉換裝 置(3)包含一種冷光材質β 3 ·如申請專利範圍第1或2項之發光系統’其特徵為轉換 系統(3 )可由波長4 〇 〇到5 0 0毫微米的光線所激發。 4.如申請專利範圍第1或2項之發光系統’其特徵為光電 元件(2, 2 )包含一發光二極體。 5·如申請專利範圍第1或2項之發光系統,其特徵為塗層 (6)包含多層反射塗層。 6. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之發光系統,其特徵為塗層 (6)可反射藍光β 7. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之發光系統,其特徵為容器 (5 )表面塗層(6 )的光線反射方向指向發光體(1 )。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之發光系統’其特徵為發光 體包括一螺旋狀的絲線。 9·如申請專利範圍第1或2項之發光系統,其特徵為發光 體包括·--1"字形元件(21)、星形元件(31)或裝飾性元件2〇〇1.〇7. 20.015 455908O:\62\62564.ptc 第2頁 2001.07.20.016
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-
2000
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- 2000-04-06 WO PCT/EP2000/003074 patent/WO2000063977A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-06 ES ES00926827T patent/ES2377514T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-06 CN CNB008006342A patent/CN1171321C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-06 KR KR1020007014360A patent/KR100651274B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-06 EP EP00926827A patent/EP1088350B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-06 JP JP2000613009A patent/JP4545952B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-17 US US09/551,029 patent/US6586882B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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KR20010052970A (ko) | 2001-06-25 |
CN1171321C (zh) | 2004-10-13 |
WO2000063977A1 (en) | 2000-10-26 |
JP4545952B2 (ja) | 2010-09-15 |
JP2002542588A (ja) | 2002-12-10 |
ES2377514T3 (es) | 2012-03-28 |
EP1088350A1 (en) | 2001-04-04 |
KR100651274B1 (ko) | 2006-11-28 |
US6586882B1 (en) | 2003-07-01 |
CN1302457A (zh) | 2001-07-04 |
EP1088350B1 (en) | 2011-11-23 |
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