TW451019B - Water-proof and damp-proof method for basement side wall - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention provides an efficient way to totally solve basement damp problem caused by cases like ""side wall oozing in temporary underground retaining wall + eternal structure of inner wall design"" and ""oozing happened when the underground retaining wall serving as eternal structure of basement side wall"". This method, relating to a water guiding way associating with anti-blocking system of water outlet, is to capture underground water oozing from side wall; and guide it to water guiding system; then to drain the water out through anti-block outlets to ensure a dry and comfortable basement space. This method can be used for both under construction basement or constructed basement. There are two of construction processes. (1) Dry system: to pave draining layer on the oozing wall face and capture the water into horizontal drainage pipes to anti-block water outlet. Then to use air-tight treatment in the process of water capture and water drainage to prevent that Ca ions contact air and react with CO2 to form calcium carbonate to make drainage block problem. (2) Wet system: to pave galvanized steel wire net on the backside of the drainage layer after finishing the drainage layer pavement.

Description

45j 〇i 9 V. Description of the invention (1) 1. Reasons In addition to the double wall system adopted in the domestic underground, permanent consideration is adopted for the foundation. However, the fine cracks that f y '= 17 0 0 kg / cm2 are often caused by the construction process, the walls are all completed in water, the head (construction joint), the local non-wet space. This is Taiwan's deep gene, which means that it cannot reach empty structures. Except for some MRT systems and public works, all civil-developed buildings are based on economic single-wall systems, that is, the negligence and construction of underground continuous walls as basements. The error in the process was that the stress of the reinforcing steel bar was greater than the drop strength of the steel bar 1 so that the continuous wall had already caused excessive and deep water leakage and moisture during construction. Moreover, when the underground continuously has many micro-cracks and the water level of the male and female units is very high, it is almost impossible to achieve this completely impervious and traditional concept design and construction. The underlying underground space is rarely the root cause of imperviousness. Impervious to water, let alone moisture. Secondly, the clay layer has a very low water permeability coefficient. Take the water permeability coefficient of the clay layer in Taipei at about 10-7 cm / sec as an example. The groundwater in the soil layer is the third after the underground structure is completed. By six years, it gradually returned to the condition before construction, and the buoyancy and water pressure on the side wall formed on the bottom of the foundation; the groundwater in the soil layer gradually seeped out from the side wall of the basement, and these seepage points were blocked by pure leakage repair methods. The seepage of structural cracks is basically because the roots are seeking fish. The root cause of the leakage has not been eradicated. The cracks after blocking will cause new structural cracks and even make up for them, while the basement will continue to seep water.

45 1 Οί 9 V. Description of the invention ¢ 2) 2. The lack of the traditional basement side wall 1) The structural internal reason is difficult to obtain, which leads to the cracks leading to time pouring. Ignore the construction problem only; such as 0.8 m double-walled wall: the temporary continuous continuous underground wall with a thick underground structure of the double-walled site will be mixed with the temporary waterproof wall of the double-wall site. The characteristics of the continuous underground wall construction method, the watertightness of the continuous wall construction process, if coupled with the improper control of the excavation process, the deformation angle variable is greater than 1/250, and structural cracks are very likely to occur. As for the inner wall of the permanent structure, due to the segmented construction, working joints will be generated at different concrete interfaces, and the structural design of the seepage path is already a more rigorous design. However, the unexpected situation in the design will also cause the seepage of the basement side wall. The continuous question or MRT system, although the temporary continuous wall of 1.2m thick and long side walls are used, the problem of water seepage continues. 2) Single wall structure-continuous wall as permanent basement side wall The single wall structure design concept is to use the underground continuous wall as a temporary excavation retaining structure. After the foundation is excavated, the wall surface is modified into a permanent basement. Side walls. This type of continuous wall design must be designed using the working stress method regardless of the excavation process or the completion of the structure. The reinforcement stress must be in the elastic range to control the tension cracks in the concrete. Leaking. In fact, continuous walls are constructed under the groundwater level, and it is difficult to achieve the condition of imperviousness. In addition, continuous walls often lead to wet walls due to too many honeycombs.

4510] 9 V. Description of the invention (3) 3. The current use of basement copper replacement > +, j_ 1 lack of the main routine waterproofing method 1) mining traditional wall leakage, plugging, between the bottom wall of the brick wall The drainage half-sealed type has a wall-empty effect. Although the phase chamber will not be compared with the double-walled continuous wall leaking, the underground white broken acid opening of Wal 1 overflows to wetness, and the severely double-walled wall is about 20 cm. In the internal space, the relative way of constructing the solution is to reserve the trench for rebuilding. The middle, half the same, but humid. The water production room of the system is completely cemented. The basement affects the ground floor only with the lowering of walls and rows: the case is invisible. ”—The interior wall made of bricks excludes the drainage hole maintenance openings. Generally, the 'full-enclosed interior wall is used to seal The general type of interior wall is generally called the association because it only builds half of the interior wall. Because it ca n’t share any 2 to 3 years after construction, the drainage holes are blocked. The floor version not only has the quality of the lower room environment. Overcoming groundwater ditch will reduce the use of the original basement, that is, the continuous wall first, and the external double-wall brickwork will be about 1. 1. Doub 1 is not given. The soil water pressure is usually caused by the obstruction of the brick wall. The wall seepage method is to make the inner 2-1. 5m closed, and the e-fall brick wall is only forcible. Water is collected in the interior of the wall, and the leaking surface on the wall surface is concentrated on the two fully enclosed types and the outer wall shape. The water is underground, but it is definitely separated with Dooub1e to form a water leak through the maintenance of the basement side wall. However, the wide basement has a very limited economic effect in the basement.

4 5 ί ο] 9

451019 V. Description of the invention ¢ 5) Agents (such as resin) to prevent wall water installations; exclude them after rowing; After the drainage layer is sealed by the drainage layer to achieve the waterproofing method, it will be drained by the water interception system 51 layer. Under the resistance of the water, it can ensure that the continuous wall and raft water will follow this water layer and the water-carrying layer. The gap is sealed to form a closed hollow surface between the wall surface and the drainage layer. The calcium carbonate crystals are generated after the water is in contact with the air, and the blocked drainage layer vertically drains the intercepted wall surface into the horizontal water interception system. The horizontal water interception system is buried in a buried pipe. , Buried or treated by road trench; infiltration of groundwater into the groundwater through the water interceptor, the aqueduct and the horizontal aqueduct lead to the anti-blocking drainage outlet, and then the water system and the drainage layer are connected successfully to eliminate the seepage. Construct a decorative wall surface. Since the infiltration of groundwater on the back side of the side wall has been eliminated by the drainage system, the inner wall surface can be kept dry and comfortable, and protected against moisture. See the first diagram for the side wall waterproof and moisture proof. Water is collected in a closed manner. When groundwater 2 seeps into the water layer 3 from the wall surface 1 and intercepts it, the water from the drainage layer flows into the upper level of the bottom of the wall to collect water through the vertical water pipe 6 to guide the water to the lowest level water system 7 and concentrate. It is discharged into the sewage tank 19 through the discharge port plugged by the flow meter 9 and the check valve 10; in this closed drainage mode, the surface waterproof function is finally completed and the moisture is prevented. In addition, the connection surface between the foundations is actually a hinged secondary construction joint, and the underground joint 11 penetrates. The infiltrated groundwater will also be intercepted by the drainage system at the bottom of the wall and discharged into the horizontal drainage system. 2) Construction mode According to the construction method, this construction method is divided into two construction modes, which can be applied to the basement side wall waterproofing under construction or completed. The processing principle of the two is roughly the same, only the basis for selecting the construction mode is different.

4 ^ Q 1 9_ V. Description of the invention (6) a. Dry system: It is suitable for the completed basement or directly applied to the continuous wall of the underground. The construction on site is relatively simple, and the wall surface after completion is relatively complete. Additional maintenance costs. During the construction of the flat surface (the side wall of the completed basement), because the wall surface is flat, the decorative partition can be directly fixed to the wall surface; if the wall surface is not flat (continuous wall of the basement under construction), in order to ensure that the finished surface is smooth and beautiful, Before the frame is modified, a light steel frame is combined on the back of the drainage layer, and then the frame is fixed on the frame. Dry system The main construction procedures are detailed in the second and third figures. The fifth and sixth pictures of the dry system biliary drainage. b. Wet-type system: It is suitable for the application of flat wall, drainage layer and drain. It is the same as that of the dry-type system. Only the finished surface is finished with cement mortar. The cement mortar is fixed by a galvanized steel mesh to prevent the cement mortar from exfoliating due to the excessive thickness of the cement mortar. The construction procedure of the wet system is detailed in the fourth diagram. 3) Construction steps a. Staking out the location of the bottom horizontal water-conducting system: mark the position of the horizontal drainage system to be applied by spray-painting on the top of the raft foundation or spray-painted. b. Removal of the groove of the horizontal water guiding system: At the spray paint mark position, first cut out the embedded area with a width of 10cm by a pavement cutter, and then remove the floor concrete with a crusher. The groove is about 10 cm wide and 5 cm. Deep for buried horizontal aqueducts. c. Water cut groove at the bottom of the side wall is removed 2 1: It is broken directly at the bottom of the side wall

The 5cm groove on page 10 is used to set the horizontal water-bearing ditch at the bottom of the wall to drain & connect the non-porous $ The side wall drainage system is measured to seep into the water stop tank U 堑 end hose 28 〇 The operation is to drain to the sewage and drainage layer. The upper and upper layers must be sticky and flow out of 451019. V. Description of the invention (7) The machine removes about 17 deep tubes. d. Installation of horizontal water-conducting system: When the wall surface has been chiseled and introduced into the water tank 19 of the building, it must be painted with plastic oil to prevent e. Anti-blocking drainage system: It is installed in the drainage hole 8 of the existing person 4 to be buried 3 " PVC pipe, blocking the drainage system into the sewage tank. The anti-blocking should be done by the flowmeter 9 'check valve 10 and not outsourced. First, a flow meter is installed on the PVC pipe, and the PVC pipe at the other end is installed in a u-shape, causing calcium carbonate crystals to block the pipeline. To prevent the sand waste from returning to the water diversion system, it ’s blocked to protect the flow. The discharge port of the check valve is connected to the PVC pervious pipe of the woven fabric to lead water into the sewage tank. F. The water guide is fixed: the joint of the water guide sheet 3. In order to allow the water on the outer wall to completely intercept the drainage layer, special attention must be paid to the upper and lower slaughter. The top part starts with Xide nails. 1 2 The lower layer of the water-conducting layer is fixed from the outside to the inside. The width of the overlap is about 5-7 cm. The overlap is sealed to prevent water seepage during the interception process. Reclaimed water moisture protection function is invalid. g. Application of water interception system at the bottom of the wall: PVC pipes are inserted into the trough at the bottom of the wall, and the PVC pipe is connected well, causing water leakage. The water tank is drilled with a caliber for the flow of collected water through the main permeable pipe 27 (see the ninth picture in detail); the flow seal is connected to prevent the air from seeping the sewage and the mud end is installed with a check valve. The most important construction method is the water tank 19, which is overlapped during the laying; after the wall layer is laid, the joint is filled with a grout at the bottom.

9 V. Description of the invention (8) Put 1 ”PVC into the groove to cut the side wall infiltration water from the water interception system 7 and make detailed drawings through the system. H. The horizontal water diversion system is formed, and the infiltration water can be filled by the back of the trough. 18, crack, you can use fiber mixing i. Partition installation: 1 6 fixed flour brush with Xide nail 20. Apply to inaccurate stake out, fix the bar, and then fix the partition 16 6 j. Wet system plate Instead, use cement sand to lay stiffened galvanized steel to increase the cement mortar attached. Vertical water diversion system and horizontal water diversion system 6. The overall appearance is beautiful. Half pipe 17, and then the three water pipes are connected to the horizontal water diversion pipe. Water pipe 6 is introduced into the horizontal drainage prevention blockage drainage port and drained into the water tank. The eighth detail of the water interception system is used to fill the horizontal guide to prevent the water from condensing the soil on the flat wall and the wall surface. Fanguang 1 4 net 1 3, and focus on the system: the upper application position slurry: after the wall surface drainage and water system are introduced into the water tank, the mud filling slurry is filled due to the secondary construction. The surface of the continuous wall after the surface is smoothed The light steel frame is set up in groups of 15 to ensure the seventh picture of the partition surface. The panel is not replaced, and it is fixed in cement mortar. The plating is used to prevent the cement mortar from peeling off the floor. The water interception guide is located next to the side wall column and the bottom of the wall. After intercepting the water, you can ditch the ground to open the partition directly, that is, to carry out the wall plan, you must first level the skeleton and stiffening. Before the fixing frame and the powder insulation, the zinc steel mesh must be paved into the bottom layer to avoid damage. 5. Functions and features The implementation characteristics of this construction method can be compared with the traditional double wall construction method to highlight the superiority of this construction method. The basement side wall waterproof and moisture-proof construction method can effectively eliminate

Page 12 45101 9____ V. Description of the invention (9) In addition to increasing the use of basement space, 70% of the basement can effectively overcome the problems of water seepage and humidity in the basement wall without long-term maintenance. 1) Waterproof and moisture-proof effect: The traditional double wall waterproofing method is only a method of treating the symptoms, or only adopts passive isolation method 'Inner wall moisture is still difficult to avoid' and drainage holes must be dredged irregularly through the inner wall maintenance opening: This method When a drainage layer is provided, each contact is filled with a gap filler (resin) to fill the gap 'and the sealed space from the entrance to the exit is to prevent the carbon dioxide in the air from cooperating with the ion infiltrated into the groundwater to generate acid. Crystals blocked the drain. Due to the use of a closed row: pipeline in this construction method, its effectiveness in waterproofing and dampproofing will be far superior to other methods. 2) Space saving: For double-wall construction, a drainage space of 10cm ~ 15cra must be reserved between the 10 cm thick brick wall and the painted surface, so additional floor space must be occupied. When this method is adopted, the thickness between the side wall surface and the finished surface of the dry or wet system is only about 4cm ~ 10cm, which occupies a small space and can increase the basement space. Take a single-floor basement with an area of 4000m2 as an example. ‘When using this method’, a single floor can add about 37m2 of extra space, which is equivalent to 3 to 4 parking spaces. 3) Water-proof aging: The general double wall method is adopted, and there is no system to prevent acid cracking and crystallization, so after a period of use, the generated acid cracking crystals will block the drainage holes, so that the water seepage on the wall will diffuse through the reserved maintenance holes. To the basement floor. This method is a closed space from the entrance to the exit, which can effectively prevent

Page 13 ^ 51019 Five 'Explanation of the invention (10) Stop the carbon dioxide in the air from combining with the calcium ions in the groundwater to prevent the calcium carbonate crystals from blocking the discharge port. Therefore, this method can effectively block moisture and ensure that the wall surface is dry for a long time. 4) Application environment: Bricklaying, painting and other operations in double-wall construction are all wet-type operations, and the overall working environment is not good. Using this method to fix the partition after the water-conducting layer is completed is completely dry, and the working environment is good. 5) Overall economics: double-wall construction must be divided into multiple constructions, with a long construction period, although the direct cost is low, but the maintenance cost is high; the work of this construction method is simple, the construction period is short, and the wall flatness is high. The cost is slightly higher, but no maintenance is required after completion, and additional basement space can be added, so the overall economy is much higher than traditional methods. 6. Graphic description: The first picture is the waterproof and moisture-proof schematic diagram 1. Basement side wall (continuous wall) 2. Water seepage path 3. Drainage layer 4. Partition / cement mortar powder light 5. Water interception system at the bottom of the wall 6. Vertical water pipe 7. Horizontal water diversion system 8. Sewage drainage hole

Page 14 45101 9 V. Description of the invention (11) 9. Flowmeter 1 0. Check valve 1 1. Water seepage path, working gap 1 9. Sewage tank 2 0. Manhole 26 · Water tank backfill RC (RC filling area) ) Diagrams, diagrams, procedures, flow, / V sequence diagrams, procedures, procedures, detailed operations, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, application, Hi, Hi? The first > surface is flat and not flat

The gap wall fills the side fill room. The nail board drain board must be sewn to fill the gaps. 1 3 6 0 5 11 OAW The sixth diagram of the dry system is detailed (uneven surface) 1. Basement side wall 3. Drainage layer 1 5. Light Steel frame assembled skeleton 1 6. Partition 2 0. Xide nails 2 5. Filling material to fill the gap

Page 15 451019 5. Description of the invention (12) The seventh diagram of the wet system implementation details 1. The basement side 3. The drainage layer 13. The galvanized steel mesh 14. The cement mortar light 20. The Xide nail 25. The jointing material The eighth picture of filling the gap. The detailed diagram of the interception system. 1. The basement side wall 3. The drainage layer 6. The vertical aqueduct 7. The horizontal aqueduct 17. The horizontal interceptor 1 8 · Cement mortar (fiber concrete) groove fill 21, wall Bottom groove removing area 22, PVC tee 2 4 .Details of anti-blocking drainage system in the basement floor version 9 Figure 7. Horizontal water pipe 9. Flow meter 1 0. Check valve

Page 16 451019 V. Description of the invention (13) 1 8. Filling the groove of cement mortar (fiber concrete) 2 0. Manhole 27. PVC permeable pipe (non-woven outer cover) 28. Hose 29. Detachable PVC joint

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Claims (1)

9 VI. Application for patent Fan Jie ~ 1. A kind of underground guide for removing and drying underground seeds: a. Filling and sealing, draining water into the horizontal completion surface ^ FJ 1 ft The comfort room or the utility room is used to make the wall function guide the water smoothly. The finished water is used to lift the water to concentrate the water. It can cover the anchor bolts and cut off the water. And; b the end of the water pipe d. In the integral waterproof type, the moisture-proof layer in the lower room is connected with drainage and water and arranges water and moisture protection to achieve the effect of space underground. Layer back view. The exterior wall of the construction room where the construction method is built is fixed to form a water system, block the structure, and use the room construction method; nail a unified sink on the inside to avoid discharge, and build the most waterproof method. The fixed base is closed and integrated into the basement at the end of the ground-free system. The anti-moisture application is suitable for wall seepage to fill in the contents, and the infiltrated basement seepage to modify the wall and wall parameters, the situation is eliminated, and its functional safety The jointing agent will be used to maintain the guide surface with water and water dampness. According to the method of waterproofing and damp-proofing of the basement side wall, such as the first item in the scope of patent application, its application method can be divided into two construction modes: 1) Dry system: During the construction of the flat surface (the side wall of the completed basement), the partition wall can be directly fixed to the side wall of the basement due to the flat surface; if the wall surface is not smooth (underground continuous wall surface under construction), in order to ensure the finished surface is flat and beautiful Before mounting the partition, you must combine the skeleton with a light steel frame on the back of the drainage layer, and then fix the partition on the skeleton; The main construction procedures _ a. Set or reserve grooves at the bottom of the side wall, b. Bury horizontal water-carrying pipes and vertical aqueducts, c. Fix the aquifer, Page 18 ^ 51 Q 9 VI. Patent scope d. Installation of horizontal water-conducting system 1 e. Installation of anti-blocking drains, f. Stakeout (flat surface can be omitted), g. Fixed upper and lower slot iron (flat wall The surface can be omitted), h. The vertical frame and the stiffener (the surface can be omitted) i. The partition is fixed, j. The surface of the board is ground and the soil is ground; The final surface is water 2) Wet-type system: only suitable for flat wall Construction of mud and mortar; Wet-type system construction procedures: a. Set a groove at the bottom of the side wall 1 bury a horizontal water-carrying pipe and a vertical water-pipe to fix the water-guiding layer, install a horizontal water-guiding system, e. Install an anti-blocking drain, lay and Fixed stiffened galvanized steel mesh, g. Cement mortar powder. Page 19