TW439310B - Energy monitoring and charging system - Google Patents

Abstract

A battery management system (40) for a battery (80) having a plurality of cells (81 to 86) includes means for monitoring a predetermined parameter of each cell (81 to 86) in that each cell is directly wired to the battery management system (40).

Description

4 3 93 1 Ο 'a? ______ V. Description of the invention (I) The scope of the invention (read the notes on the back before praying and then keep this page private) The invention relates to an energy monitoring and charging energy storage system for improving the performance of a battery. . " Background technology '. The battery industry has seen an increasing demand for battery management technology, mainly due to consumers' convenience for mobile devices such as mobile phones, laptops, and laptops that are powered by batteries. , Preferences are constantly increasing. In addition, the battery industry also sees a trend in recent years that has increasingly emphasized power tools and zero-emission vehicles', and the main source of power for these new-generation vehicles is batteries. This trend is rapidly increasing due to government regulations on air and noise pollution and consumer concerns. One area that requires high-efficiency batteries is energy storage applications, such as load leveling, emergency / backup power, and power quality systems required for highly sensitive electronic components. As a result of the increasing demand for battery-powered equipment, the Ministry of Economic Affairs ordered the Central Broadcasting and Quarantine Bureau to cooperate with the consumer in Duyinju, making the battery industry under competitive pressure to produce ideal battery cells (ceH). Such an ideal battery cell has almost no weight and does not take up space, provides excellent cycle life, and has ideal charging / discharging performance, and does not cause environmental hazards at the end of its life. The most commonly used technology in the battery industry is lead-acid batteries. This type of storage ring is facing higher energy density; · Small size, better performance level, longer cycle life and guarantee of recirculation cage force and other challenges. Some manufacturers are studying foreign storage batteries, including nickel metal hydride, lithium ion, etc. However, these types of storage batteries are usually too expensive, so currently they cannot be economically used, especially for the fastest growing batteries in the world. One of the markets: two-wheeled / three-wheeled passenger cars. Everyone knows that the paper size of the battery is common Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4iUM2K) X297 mm) / 'S,. * _, 3

5. Description of the invention (7) Performance ’Even existing lead-acid batteries can be improved by properly managing the operating conditions of the batteries. . At present, no one asks—the following types of battery management issues: (a) Overcharge protection during recharge or regeneration operations; (b) Overdischarge protection during high power traction or long-term operation; (b) Battery Minimize the negative effects of internal resistance; and (c) the ability to monitor, control and protect individual battery cells within the battery. Lead-acid battery chargers usually have a rain task to accomplish. The first is the recovery capacitor, which is often the better, the better; the second is to maintain the capacitor by the compensation of automatic discharge. In both cases, optimal operation requires accurate sensing of battery voltage and temperature. When a typical lead-acid battery is charged, lead sulfate is converted into lead and lead dioxide at the negative and positive electrodes of the battery, respectively. When most of the sulfuric acid has been converted, it begins to overcharge, which usually results in the formation of hydrogen and / or oxygen due to the breakdown of the electrolyte. This is often referred to as "outgassing". In air-sucking or valve-regulated batteries, this phenomenon results in electrolyte loss and electrolyte dehydration, which affects the battery's cycle life. Note: Please fill in this r) Overcharged mice can be detected by monitoring the battery voltage. A sudden rise in battery cell voltage is indicative of an overcharge reaction. The moment the overcharge reaction starts depends on the charge rate. When the charging rate increases, the percentage of recovery capacitance at the beginning of overcharging will decrease, that is, the energy used during overcharging cannot be recovered from the battery. <Usually, the full capacity is restored as quickly as possible by using overcharging under control. And try to make the unbalanced thick paper of the accumulator paper applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 (<2 丨 0 χ 297 mm) A7 B7 Printed by Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 3 93 1 0 V. Description of the invention (3) * * · The balance is restored, however, the cost of shortening the cycle life must be paid. 1 Although several methods can be used to recharge the battery, all methods treat a group of individual battery cells as a unit, but have not yet monitored each individual battery cell of a particular battery. However, the actual monitoring of each individual battery cell I of the battery is very important to improve the true balance within a group of battery cells. A typical 12ν battery is composed of 6 2V individual battery cells connected in series, housed in a housing, with a main terminal for primary connection. Generally, the performance of battery cells in a battery is not exactly the same, and it is charged and discharged. During the function, the battery cell finally degenerates into an "out of balance" state. Two important aspects of battery cell life are the upper and lower voltage levels. If the 2V battery cell of a lead-acid battery exceeds approximately 2.6V during the recharge or regeneration function, it will bleed air, causing the electrolyte to dehydrate and affect the battery life. If the voltage between the battery cells during the discharge function drops below 1.6V, permanent damage to the electrode plate surface may occur. When using most conventional charging systems, the battery charger is only connected to the first and last terminals of the battery cells in series, so it cannot accurately monitor and protect individual battery cells from damage. Generally, the charger only recognizes and reacts to the accumulated voltage. The table :, makes a good battery unit actually overcharged | and makes the voltage of a weak battery cell high enough to accumulate the total voltage reached Prerequisites for the charger. Such overcharging dehydrates the electrolyte and depletes good battery cells, which seriously affects the cycle life of each battery cell and the entire battery. ·· * / 'Internal resistance of the battery is another major impact on the battery system charging and the paper standard of the Chinese Standard (CNS) Λ4 said grid (2 丨 0X297 mm) (Poem' Read the precautions on the back before you ί (This page)

43 93 1 〇 V. Description of the invention (ψ) A7 B7 Factors printed by the standard 夬 Beijing Cement Co., Ltd. discharge capacity factor. Batteries face many problems that lead to performance loss. However, one of the main limitations is to overcome internal resistance. Each battery system has an internal resistance, but the goal is to minimize the internal resistance and at the same time store the largest amount of energy per unit weight. When a load is applied to a battery system, the required current flows and a battery voltage drop occurs due to the internal resistance of the battery. The lower the resistance, the lower the battery voltage drop. This is because the total internal resistance of the battery includes the actual resistance of each component and the resistance generated by polarization such as activation and concentration polarization. Polarization contributes significantly to the total internal resistance of any battery system. In its simplest form. Concentrated polarization involves the growth of reactants or products on the electrode surface. This stigma limits the diffusion of reactants to the electrode and the diffusion of products from the electrode outward. The higher the current, the stronger the polarization loss that can be learned from the battery system. Therefore, the maximum current that can be drawn from the battery system is limited by the degree of polarization in the battery system. However, if the polarization loss can be controlled, most battery systems should be able to obtain a higher value with the lowest voltage loss. Current. The only effective way to protect the battery during a recharge operation is to monitor each battery cell in order to prevent the battery cells from being individually overcharged and "balanced". The only effective way to protect the battery during the discharge period is also to monitor individual battery cells, and when any battery element drops to a dangerous level, somehow isolate the storage battery or control the output to prevent further discharge. In "foreign" type batteries, such as nickel metal hydride and lithium ion 1 '* batteries, the materials are less stable than lead, so' monitoring and protection of individual battery cells are more important. Please read the note first

I * The paper size of the edition is applicable to China National Standards (CNS) VIII. (210 X 2 mm) · * 'k 4 q A7 B7 »™ V. Description of the invention (5) Standards in the Ministry of Economic Affairs 隼Printed by the local co-operative consumer cooperative. Therefore, a device is needed to monitor and control individual battery cells in the battery system. Such a device is best to determine the residual energy in the battery with high accuracy while taking into account the load the battery has been engaged in. Cycle. Because battery cells that are overcharged, undercharged, or overdischarged can cause damage, you need to limit the charge of individual battery cells or isolate the battery terminals internally to prevent overdischarge. The ability to isolate battery terminals internally also allows The battery has safety measures and prevents unauthorized use. In addition, an accurate measuring device is also required to be installed in each individual electronic unit in an appropriate way to monitor and protect the battery P, thereby significantly extending its battery life. Functional life: when necessary, it also provides immediate feedback to the operator. Invention 槪 According to one aspect of the invention, which provides A battery management system for a battery having a plurality of battery cells. The management system includes a device that monitors a specific parameter of each battery cell. This parameter is preferably the voltage of each battery cell during the charging of the battery. Also, the battery The monitoring system further includes a device that can terminate the charging of each battery cell when the battery cell is charged to a predetermined voltage. In the present invention, a ##: type, this parameter is the voltage per battery cell during discharge At the same time, the battery management system further includes a device that can indicate that the voltage of a particular battery cell has fallen below a predetermined voltage. Brief description of the drawings-'V Figure 1 is the root' according to an embodiment of the present invention Battery management system block paper size is applicable to China Standards (CNS) A4 scale (210 X 297 mm)

S Order printed by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs for the Industrial Consumers ’Cooperatives. ..: ./ A7 B7________ V. Description of the invention ("), used to provide a predetermined power output from the battery system; Figure 2 is the second according to the present invention A block diagram of a generalized battery management system according to one of the embodiments; _. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a power control system shown in FIG. 1 applied to a lead-acid battery system; FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a lead-acid battery with and without The number of cycles of the corresponding battery capacitor when the power supply control system of the present invention is included; FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the power control device shown in FIG. 1 applied to the redox gel storage pool system; and FIG. 6 is a summary diagram showing a The batteries of the six battery cells are connected to the battery management system shown in FIG. 2. Invented tube type The battery management system 10 shown in FIG. 1 can provide a predetermined power output from a battery system 11 located at a terminal or output device 12. A load such as an electric vehicle is connected to a terminal or output device 12. Between output terminal 12 and terminal 1 3 of battery system 1.1, there is a control device I 4

, I is used to sense one of the predetermined operating parameters of the battery 11. The control device 14 supplies power to the output terminal 12 from the battery system Π during its first operating mode. ~ Μ The battery system 11 is connected to the control device 14 and the first capacitor device 15 is used to store a predetermined amount of power supplied by the control device 14 from the battery system 11 during the first operation mode; When the device i 4 stomach is in the second operation mode_, it responds to the command signal from the control device 14 and changes its stored power to the battery system price. . Standards of this paper (CNS) 屮 ΜΙ grid (2 丨 〇χ297 公 浼) (read the note on the back of the poem first, then fill the book Ji)

Five. ~. Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Peigong Xiaoxian Cooperative, 4 3 93 1 0 A7 B7, Description of Invention (y) A second capacitor device 16 is connected between the output terminal 12 and the control device 14. This device 16 stores a predetermined amount of power supplied by the control device 14 from the power storage system Π in its first operating mode; and responds to the control device 14 when the control device is in its second operating mode. The command signal supplies the stored power to the output terminal I 2. Therefore, this power control system is integrated into two capacitor networks. When the control device senses, for example, that the degree of polarization in the battery system 1 Γ is too high, or a preset time has passed since the power was first supplied to the load, During the interval, the control system will start the reverse charging of the battery system 11. In this discharge cycle, the control device 14 allows the energy stored in the first capacitor network 15 to be charged to the battery system ..i, and the second capacitor device 16 simultaneously supplies a continuous power source to the output terminal 12. The time interval of this reverse cycle or discharge cycle is extremely small, and because it is very efficient, it can be performed at regular intervals. Reverse charging breaks down and minimizes polarization effects and their associated losses in the battery system. This power control system can also work with the charger to provide the best performance and battery maintenance at any time during its operation. This power control system prevents the battery system from becoming a non-approved charger type, thus preventing potential misuse and ensuring that the vehicle owner does not attempt to charge the battery system with the wrong charger while at home. This power control system, charger, and vehicle can be added with a dedicated electronic signature V. so that the entire system can be tracked and monitored with high accuracy. Every time when a battery system is installed in a charger unit, the power control system will adapt the paper size to the Chuanjia Standard (CNS) ΛΘ (2) 0: &lt; 297 Minister) (Please read first (Notes on the back re-examined on this page)

Printed by Shelley Consumer Cooperatives, China Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs ^ 3 9 3 t 〇. Α7 Β7 ______ 5. Description of the invention () Identify itself, the vehicle from which the power control system is removed, and the user. The charger unit monitors the energy level of the battery and records this for the user, adding up the costs of battery exchange, lightning, and monthly rent. Upon receipt of «this account, whether paid by cash or credit card, a new battery will be issued and installed in the vehicle. If the customer misuses or alters the battery in any way, the charger will recognize it. This control system can not only identify the energy level of the battery, but also evaluate the remaining driving distance based on the existing energy usage. As a result, the vehicle driver can know how many kilometers of the remaining energy level are available for the journey. Each charger unit can be linked to an operation center via a telemetry system, which allows frequent monitoring of all stations in the charging station network. The power control system can include the functions and features of the speed control module, which means that the vehicle manager can cancel the vehicle's speed control device and control the output as long as it passes the power control system. This reduces vehicle costs, reduces manufacturer's warranty risks, and provides continuous performance monitoring via telemetry communication systems. This power control system can be applied to a variety of fc battery systems, such as valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, thallium metal hydride batteries, and redox gel batteries. #Light: Qin Tong has its own benefits and intended use. -· This type of power control system can also be used to improve the backup performance of remote power supply systems, load leveling and emergency backup batteries. The fixed battery system used for remote power supply systems and emergency backup can keep it fully charged for a long time. Because the automatic discharge rate of each battery cell is different, the power-off control system can be programmed to scan individual power periodically (谙 Read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Order-* I--I · This paper size 逋Printed in accordance with Chinese National Standards. (〇 ^) 人 4SOFT ^ (.. 2 丨 0 &gt; &lt; 297 mm) 4 3 93 1 0 A7 B7 Today) the battery cell condition, and battery cell technology is used to level the battery cells from the inside. Alternatively, the charging system can be left in a standby state and controlled by the power control system as needed. FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the power control system, which is a preferred embodiment, which includes a microprocessor 40 and associated software 57. Software 57 manages all functions described below. In this example. The microprocessor is 8-bit and runs at 8MHz. However, 4, 16, 32 or 64-bit processors can also be used. The processor speed can be 4MHz to 166MHz »or digital signal processing chips can be used, depending on individual battery requirements. The microprocessor includes EEPROM, ROM, and RAM. Alternatively, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) can be used. The individual battery cell voltage measurement module 41 is connected to a junction of each battery cell by a separate wire. This wire is for voltage measurement only. When measuring the voltage of each battery cell, it is related to the ground wire of the battery up to 24V. Battery cell voltage measurement can also be achieved by directly measuring the voltage of each battery cell according to the requirements and accuracy requirements. The measurement and adjustment of individual battery cell voltages are achieved by the module 42. Module 42 includes a circuit; • In this circuit, the battery cell is electrically divided by a resistor, V.,: The voltage is divided by the network, and is connected to the voltage divider through a grounded electrical resistor. Filter capacitor advection. Active filtering using operational amplifiers or other filtering devices can also be used. The voltage is scaled by a voltage divider and a filter to a voltage suitable for analog digital conversion. In this translation, the expected maximum voltage of each connection of the .4.95V battery is equal to the 12-bit battery voltage of the battery cell to be measured. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this K.) .;-^ tT ------ 味. .1- I —It —I— II-This paper size is subject to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 grid (210'X297 mm) 4 3 93 彳0 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (丨 〇). ♦ Ratio converter. This analog-to-digital converter is continuously controlled by a microprocessor. When the microprocessor converts the measured voltage to the battery cell voltage, it scales each voltage and subtracts the voltage from the positive side of each battery cell. Remove the voltage on the negative side of each battery cell. Each battery cell is treated in this way. This method can be used for battery cell voltages within 2_4V or 30V. Above 24V or 30V, the above methods can be used in multiple stages. The method is to use serial communication (optical coupling) to transmit serial digital data, thereby isolating the battery cell voltage. Another applicable method is to use a voltage-to-frequency converter connected to each battery cell to directly measure the battery cell voltage and transmit this information to the microprocessor as a frequency. These voltage-to-frequency converters can be galvanized or optically coupled to a microprocessor, which measures the frequency and converts it into a voltage. The current management module 43 measures the voltage through a shunt resistor and uses a current sense amplifier with source filtering to calibrate the measured voltage to β. Another method is to use a Hall effect device to measure the current and add Proper signal adjustment. The current measurement adjustment is achieved by the circuit module 44. The circuit module 44 converts the voltage measured by the shunt into a signal of 0-5V, regardless of the current. Subsequently, the signal of # 转 1 改 .. is fed to the input terminal of the same 12-bit analog-to-digital converter for measuring voltage as described above. • This adjustment circuit also provides a digital input to the microprocessor to indicate the direction of current flow. The above is achieved through an integrated circuit with a minimum of external components. In this category, discrete-component solutions can also be cost-effective in this respect. The circuit module M 45 uses the integrated electrical temperature measurement on the circuit board, which is installed on the circuit board. This paper uses the Chinese standard for quick reference. (CHS) Λ4 ^ (.210X297 mm &gt;)---I _! --- / —— ^-IiII r '. · (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

.l · Order -------- --U / * 43 93 1 〇 Α7 「Β7 ___ V. Inventor (if) measures temperature. The number of circuit modules 45 is not limited and can be located in different places, such as It can be used to measure the ambient temperature in the battery, inside or outside of individual battery cells. The temperature measurement adjustment is achieved by the circuit module 46, where: Temperature 値 is a voltage output, and the module uses a low-compensated voltage operational amplifier This scale is scaled to 0-5V, suitable for connecting the input terminals of the same analog digital converter for measuring voltage and current. A liquid crystal display 47 is used to display information such as residual capacitance, residual kilometers and other Any information. The display actuator 48 is directly energized by the microprocessor 40. The microprocessor 40 writes the appropriate frame to a memory location based on the checklist stored in it. It depends on the microprocessor requirements and the complexity of the liquid crystal display. A separate integrated circuit exciter can be used. A light emitting diode (LED) or a gas plasma display can also be used. A liquid crystal display module can also be used. The acoustic indicator module 49 includes a piezoelectric A buzzer is used to provide audio signals to the user. This module is preferably directly excited by a microprocessor or a transistor exciter if necessary. If the battery is used in a moving vehicle, it can be installed on the wheel A distance sensor 50. The form of the device 50 may be an electromagnetic sensor _, Λ '(magnetic pickup), in which a magnet is located on a wheel, and a Hall effect sensor is installed on a fixed part of the vehicle. The form of the sensor 50 can also be an optical sensor.-The adjustment of the distance sensor is achieved by the circuit module 51. Among them, the output of the EP 50 sensor is a frequency. Measure the size of this paper GM China Standard (CNS) Λ4 is now (2 丨 〇 &gt; &lt; 297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before ^^ this page) Order the staff of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Consumer Cooperative, printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economics, and printed by the Peugeot Consumer Cooperative 43 9310 ^ 5. After the description of the invention (/), it is converted into a speed or distance 値. The pressure sensor module 52 includes a low-voltage sensor located in the battery. Voltage output (about 0-100mV) Pressure transducer 〇 The pressure sensor adjustment module 53 calibrates the output to 0-5V through a precision operational amplifier and feeds it to the analog digital converter. The communication module 54 ensures that all the batteries are charged The controller's control and communication signals are directly communicated from the microprocessor 40 via a serial bus. The serial bus can access a PC for calibration purposes. In order to ensure long battery life, all components Optimized products are used to achieve low current consumption. Microprocessors, analog digital converters, and all other circuits can use the signal sent from the microprocessor to the low-current mode module 55 to stay at low current. Consumption modal. In order to achieve the required accuracy, the analog input of the microprocessor is calibrated by the calibration module 56, and the calibration factor and the residual offset are stored in the EEPROM memory. For matters of time importance, such as current monitoring for energy use integration, the software 57 is preferably polling orientated by the information cycle and is interruj / low driven. Software 57 It is best to judge whether an iffe unit is faulty and notify the battery charger. The software 57 may include a polynomial voltage and current algorithm to prevent the battery from being overcharged by opening the switch. This software can be used to:-(a) Calculate the self-discharge of the battery, and can start .. * 'Dynamic battery cell balance processing; This paper size applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210XW7 mm) ) — (Please read the notes on the back before changing this page) Order A7 B7 43 93 1 0 V. Description of the invention (.j3) (b) Number of registration cycles, and this information can be transmitted to the battery charger; (C) monitoring, communication, and starting protection measures to prevent over-friction or under-voltage; (d) sampling the current at regular intervals and integrating the current over time to provide data on used and residual amp-hours; and (e) Depending on the load during the current cycle, the used and residual amp-hour data is corrected. The microprocessor 40 may also excite FETS (Field Effect Transistor Switch) or IGBT (Insulated Gate Beam Tube) to control the current to the motor 58. This can provide single pulse-width modulation control for brush-type motors, or quasi-sine wave control with multiple outputs for brushless multi-type motors (such as reluctance motors or non-frost brush DC motors). For battery protection, use FETs or IGBT switches. 59 »The FETs used are low resistance. The switch 59 is controlled by the switch control module 60, and the switch control module 60 is excited by the microprocessor 40. The FETS or IGBT boosts the voltage by switching power supplies to facilitate high-side excitation. The Consumer Cooperative of the Central Sample Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs is installed in the resistance control module 61, the microprocessor controls a FET, and its function is to periodically charge an electric device to make the capacitor voltage higher than the battery voltage; and Discharge to the battery; at the same time transfer the charge to another capacitor that can hold the load current. — The output of the energy meter 62 is the residual capacitance, which is displayed on the LCD. The calculation of this value is the current of the integral over a period of time. At regular intervals, Ϋ samples the current, subtracts this 値 from an accumulator, and then scales it to 100%. This paper size applies to China Gujia ladder standards. (CNS) (.210X 297 mm) + H ffl ^ τίΆΤ ^ nzw ^ &gt; ώί Λ μ ^ o X w l &gt; I if Γ.-*. Ren 3 3 3 10 _B7__ ^ Ε 1 II i LM. 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Α7 4 3 93 1 〇 _Β7 ___. _ V. Description of the invention (16) *. This type of power control system can also be applied to conventional NiMH batteries. NiMH batteries use advanced processing and high-purity materials, which usually lead to extremely high The cost of storage batteries with high-purity nickel hydroxide compounds, expanded nickel foam, and treated metal alloy materials require extremely high quality control in order to obtain high-performance batteries.

NiMH hydride batteries may also have problems with automatic discharge and may also be affected by temperature. On some systems, drawing high currents can damage the battery cells, so care must be taken not to overcharge the battery. In this regard, an advanced W battery charger is required to ensure proper charging. The NiMH battery system of this embodiment uses advanced NiMH technology, and its design makes full use of the benefits provided by the power storage-power control system. Its battery cell structure utilizes spiral-wound battery cell technology, allowing the production of battery cells with much higher power output capabilities. The power control system is integrated

I fit into each battery cell of the battery pack. The power control system can significantly reduce the polarization effect and allow the battery system to boost higher currents without harming its cycle life. The integrated unit is a highly effective stand-alone smart energy storage system because the power control system monitors all functions of the unit. This consumer-cooperative printed system of the Central Government Bureau of the Ministry of Power Supply and Economics can adopt the product strategy to maintain the best storage pool performance while improving the cycle life. This Ni-MH system Ideally suited as a "rental energy" system, as its benefits include high energy density, high power, long cycle life 'and fast recharge time. Compared with the valve-regulated battery system, this system allows «/ electric vehicles to have a longer driving distance, but the cost is slightly higher. However, this paper size is applicable to China National Mou (CNS) 8th and 4th (210 X4) 7 mm) A7 B7 Printed by Zhengong Consumers Cooperative, Ningyang Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 3 93 1 05. Description of the invention (1) The production cost of the system in this embodiment is significantly lower than existing products. Cost estimate, the total price of the NiMH system is almost the price of small production units currently on the market. Electric bicycles need a small battery system that can provide long-distance driving, and the NiMH system is particularly suitable for this type of electric bicycle. This power control system can also be applied to redox batteries that have been studied for many years. This type of battery is mainly in the form of a redox fluid battery. Energy is stored in a liquid electrolyte, and the electrolyte is stored separately in a battery stack. During operation, the electrolyte is recirculated throughout the system, and energy is transferred into and out of the electrolyte. Redox fluid storage cells usually have low energy density and pumping losses associated with electrolyte recirculation in the jujube system. In some cases, high auto-discharge rates are possible, depending on the presence of the diaphragm or internal shunt. The main difference between redox gel batteries and redox fluids is that their electrolytes do not need to be recycled because they are super-concentrated gels. The conventional battery system uses some forms of solid-state Au electrodes, and solid-state metal electrodes involve a phase transfer reaction, which usually results in weight gain and efficiency loss. Redox condensed AS: super concentrated gels for electric cells. Each of these gels contains high concentrations of positive and negative reactive ions. All reactive species are included in the gel and do not involve any phase transfer Therefore, because the loss is the smallest, it can lead to high efficiency-the power control system of the present invention can be integrated into the redox gel electricity storage .. · i battery group to reduce the polarization effect. Because the gel is super concentrated, when the paper size is high, the Chinese Standard (CNS) Λ4 specification (210X297 mm.)

V. Description of the invention (/ ceremony) A7 B7 Printed by the Central Laboratories of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, when the load is applied to the battery system, there is a tendency to polarize. Power control systems specifically designed for redox gel batteries can alleviate many of the limitations in the design of redox gel battery cell systems. The power supply control system 30 shown in FIG. 5 includes a bus system 31 which is connected to a plurality of battery cells 32 ·, a control device 33, a first capacitor device 34, a second capacitor device 35, and an output terminal 36. A dotted line 37 represents a command signal. The control unit 33 is specifically designed for redox gel battery cells, and it also performs various monitoring functions, such as monitoring the voltage and temperature of individual battery cells. It can also monitor the internal pressure of a sealed battery pack and determine the allowable load limit of the system under any known conditions. Controls 3 3 have additional and important capabilities, and can take proactive measures to maintain optimal battery performance in any state of charge. Due to this high degree of system control, this system can repeatedly use its total capacitance over an extremely long cycle life. The cost of this system is extremely competitive and provides superior performance to currently available energy storage systems. The electrodes used in redox gel battery cells only serve to allow energy to be transferred into and out of the gel electrolyte. These electrics are extremely inert and are made of conductive plastic materials specially developed by Lei. ‘The addition of a redox gel battery unit to the system-¾ power control system produces an energy storage system with an energy density almost twice that of the NiMH system. Due to the stability of the gel electrolyte, this system also has an extremely long cycle life. The overall cost of this system is also extremely economical. Because of its light weight and sturdiness, _ V This system is also very suitable for battery exchange processing. For “rental energy” vehicles, please read the notice on the back before ordering .. The paper size of the travel book is applicable to Chinese family-type soap (CNS) Λ4 Grid (210X297 mm) 43 93 1 〇B7 V. Explanation of the invention (not used). Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a battery charging and regulating module, which is executable with a battery and integrated with a power control system, and the battery can be controlled with a source control system integrated into a battery system. The system faces many problems. One of its main limitations is incorrect charging or gang charging. In this type of charging, the condition of the overall battery is recorded and applicable charging is used. However, this kind of thinking does not allow to consider the situation of individual battery cells. Therefore, the highest charged battery unit is usually overcharged, and the lowest charged battery unit is usually undercharged. The result is a significant reduction in the overall battery life. Another problem is that the battery cannot accept high charge currents due to the internal effects of the internal battery pack on different components: fast charging usually has an outgassing effect, which releases hydrogen. This condition is not only dangerous, but also limits the life of the battery due to electrolyte degradation. The charger of the present invention works with the power supply control system and limits the resistance of 1¾, thereby allowing for a faster recharging rate without affecting the cycle life of the battery. The Industrial Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs provides a unique battery charging and regulating module. This module is integrated with a power control system, and the battery control system is integrated into a battery system. This: The main function of the Huo Yuan control system is to reduce the polarization effect caused by the internal resistance of the battery. More importantly, it allows control of most on-board flections, such as monitoring individual battery units, providing power output control functions, operating in conjunction with special battery charger wells, providing protection and section 1 functions. The special battery charger can identify the battery control system, so it can also recognize that this paper size is applicable to the Chinese national standard (CNS} Λ4 grid (210X297 mm) A7 B7 43 93 1 05. The invention explains the serial number of other battery modules. This information is transferred to the operation center via the telemeter communication system. Once the battery is recorded and the user account is confirmed, the power control system allows the battery charger to start charging. The actual charging function is performed in conjunction with the power control system1 to ensure that each All battery cells are monitored and processed or adjusted to their specific needs. This capability prevents the battery cells from being overcharged or undercharged, thereby significantly improving the overall battery cycle life. _ _ This battery charger can identify the type of battery And automatically select the correct charging format (charging format). If a non-approved battery is installed in the charger, it will not be able to achieve conduction. The charger can also detect whether the battery has used any other battery through the feedback of the power control system. Charge the device or optimize the mold ^ Is the battery altered in any way 'and passed this information to the operation center. Each charger unit is linked to the operation center via a telemeter system, so that it is allowed to continue to monitor all stations in the network', And the status of each battery location and each account. Industrial applications The battery management system can be used for rental energy. Under this concept, battery tubes can be installed in a series of service applications, such as Vending machines 'manually installed and recharged' charging modules, automatic battery removal and replacement rotating disks, robotic storage battery replacement equipment, and parking / charging stations. This paper standard applies to China Gujia Ladder Standard (CNS) Λ4 case (210.X297 mm) _ 一 __: __-- HH. »1— I — ^ 1 One J j * V :, {Please read the notes on the back before filling in this tile) 丨 Orders Τ ». ~ / ^ I HJi Shellfish Consumption Cooperation Du Yin 31, Α7 Β7 4 3 93 1 υ 5. Description of the invention (&gt; l) Figure 1 English translation: between 12-16: continuous Electric power balance between 13-15: reverse charging line 13 right: individual battery cells Overall information (please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Central Consumers Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Consumer Cooperatives The paper size is applicable to Chinese national standards (CNS &gt; M specifications (210X 297 mm)) 5. Description of the invention ( 22) Α7 Β7 Printed in Figure 2 by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives, the name of each module Chinese translation: 40: Microprocessor 4 1: Individual battery cell voltage measurement 42: Individual battery cell electrical measurement adjustment 43: Current measurement '44: Current measurement adjustment 45: Temperature measurement 46: Temperature measurement adjustment 47: Display 48: Display actuator 49: Sound indicator 50: Distance sensor 51: Distance sensor adjustment 52: Pressure sensor 53 : Pressure sensor adjustment 54: Communication 55: Low current mode 56: Calibration 57: Software ~ 58: Motor 59: Switch 60: Switch control 61: Resistance control module 62: Energy meter 63: Internal resistance / impedance measurement 64 : Battery cell balance (please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Alignment 'This paper size is applicable to China Standard (CNS) A4 grid (210X297 mm) 4 3 93 1 0 V. Description of the invention (23 Figure 4 Chinese translation lead-acid battery capacitor cycle number does not include optimization-including optimization ----- (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) The paper size printed by Bureau Zhengong Consumer Cooperative Co., Ltd. applies Chinese national standards (CNS &gt; A4) (210X297 mm)

Claims (1)

AS B8 C8 D8 VI. Patent Application Scope l. A storage battery management system for a storage battery with a plurality of battery cells. The management system includes a device for monitoring certain predetermined parameters of each battery cell. 2. If the battery management system of item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the parameter is the voltage of each battery cell during charging, and wherein the battery monitoring system further includes terminating each battery cell when a predetermined voltage is reached- Device for charging battery unit. 3. The battery management system of item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the parameter is the voltage of each battery cell during the discharge of the battery, and wherein the battery monitoring system further includes an indication that the voltage of a specific battery cell has fallen below one Device of predetermined voltage. (Please read the notes on the back before filling out this page.) Copy of the Cooperative Consumer Cooperative of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs i ^ J ------ Order -------- Line 1, _ -π! ^ ^ Quick use of this paper standard China National Standards (〇 阳) 6 4 * Luo (210 &gt; &lt; 297 Gong)