TW434964B - Energy storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

A power control system (10) for managing power output from a battery (11) includes an output terminal (12) for delivering power from the battery (11) to a load control means (14) connected to the battery (11) to sense pre-selected operating parameters of the battery (11) and in a first mode of operation to provide power from the battery (11) to the output terminals (12). A first capacitor (15) which stores a predetermined quantity of power is connected between the control means (14) and the battery system (11) supplies its stored power to the battery (11) in response to a command signal from the control means (14) when the control means (14) is in a second mode of operation. A second capacitor (16) which stores a predetermined quantity of power is connected between the control means (14) and the output terminals (12) supplies its stored power to the output terminals (12) in response to a command signal from the control means (14) when the control means (14) is in its second mode of operation.

Description

Printed by the Bureau of Economic Affairs, the Consumer Cooperative of the Bureau _ B7 _ V. Description of the Invention () The invention relates to an energy storage system, and in particular to a battery management system for improving the efficiency of a battery. Background: The battery industry has seen an increasing demand for battery management technology, mainly due to the increasing convenience of consumers for the convenience of battery-powered portable devices such as mobile phones and laptops. In addition, the battery industry also sees recent trends that have increasingly emphasized power tools and zero-emission vehicles, and the main source of power for these new-generation vehicles is batteries. : This trend is rapidly increasing due to government regulations on air and noise pollution and consumer concerns. Another area that requires high-efficiency batteries is energy storage applications, such as load leveling, emergency / backup power, and power quality required by high-sensitivity electronic components. As a result of increasing demand for battery-powered equipment, the battery industry is in Under the competitive pressure to produce ideal cells. Such an ideal battery cell has almost no weight, occupies no space, provides excellent cycle life, and has ideal charging / discharging performance. At the end of its life, it does not cause environmental hazards. The most commonly used technology in the battery industry is lead-acid batteries. Such batteries are facing challenges such as higher energy density, smaller size, better performance levels, longer cycle life, and guaranteed recycling capabilities. Some manufacturers are studying foreign storage batteries, including nickel metal hydrides, lithium ions, etc., but these types of storage batteries are often too expensive to use them economically, especially in one of the world's fastest growing markets : Two / three-wheel passenger cars. Everyone knows that the paper size of the battery is in accordance with the Chinese National Standard (ilt) X 297 mm. Λ < Please read the note f on the back before filling out this page)-Order 434964 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention (2) The performance of even existing lead-acid batteries can be improved through proper management of the battery's operating conditions. At present, no one raises the following types of battery management issues: * (a) Overcharge protection during recharge or regeneration operations, -0) Overdischarge protection during high-power traction or long-term operation; (c) Minimize the negative effects of resistance in the battery; and (d) the ability to monitor, control and protect individual battery cells in the battery. Lead-acid battery chargers usually have two tasks to accomplish. The seventh one is the recovery capacitor, which is usually as fast as possible; the second one is to maintain the capacitor by the compensation of automatic discharge. In both cases, optimal operation requires accurate sensing of battery voltage and temperature. When a typical lead-acid battery is charged, lead sulfate is converted into lead and lead dioxide at the anode and cathode of the battery, respectively. When most of the lead sulfate has been converted, it begins to be overcharged, which usually results in the formation of hydrogen and V or oxygen due to the breakdown of the electrolyte. This is often referred to as "outgassing". In air-sucking or valve-regulated batteries, this phenomenon results in electrolyte loss and electrolytic dehydration, which affects the cycle life of the battery. Printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Central Bureau of Work, Consumer Cooperatives (please read 1 ^ note above ^^, and then fill in this page) The start of overcharge can be detected by monitoring the battery voltage. A sudden rise in battery cell voltage is indicative of an overcharge reaction. The moment when overcharge should start, depending on the charge rate. As the charging rate increases, the percentage of recovery capacitance at the beginning of overcharging decreases, that is, the energy used during overcharging cannot be recovered from the battery. Normally, the full capacity is restored as quickly as possible by using overcharging under control, and an attempt is made to make the battery out of balance. The paper size applies the Chinese national standard (CNS > Α4 specification (210 × 297 mm)).

Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the invention (彡). Restoring the balance, however, has to pay the cost of shortened cycle life. A group of cells is a unit without actually monitoring each individual battery cell of a particular battery. However, the actual monitoring of each individual battery cell is very important to provide true balance within a group of battery cells. A typical 12V battery is made up of 6 2V individual battery cells connected in series, housed in a housing, with a main terminal for primary connection. Generally, the performance of the battery cells of a storage battery is not exactly the same, and during the charge and discharge function, the battery cells eventually degenerate into a state of "unbalanced". Two important aspects of battery cell life are the upper and lower voltage levels. If the 2V battery cell of a lead-acid ridge battery exceeds approximately 2.6V during the recharging or regeneration function, it will bleed out, causing the electrolyte to dehydrate and affect the battery life. If the voltage of the battery cell drops below 1.6V during the discharge function, permanent damage to the surface of the electrode plate may occur. When using most conventional charging systems, the battery charger is only connected to the first and last terminals of the battery cells in series, so it cannot accurately monitor and protect individual battery cells from damage. Generally, the charger only recognizes and responds to the accumulated voltage. As a result, a good battery cell is actually overcharged, and the voltage of a weak battery cell is high enough to make the accumulated total voltage reach the predetermined requirements of the charger. Such overcharging dehydrates the electrolyte and depletes good battery cells, which seriously affects the cycle life of each battery cell and the entire battery. '' The internal resistance of the battery is another major impact on the charging of the battery system. (Please read the note $ on the back before filling this page) Wear ... -Order_ This paper size is free to use China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specifications (2! 0X297 Gong) * Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 434964 A7 B7 V. Description of Invention (Lf). Factor of discharge capacity. 'Batteries face many problems that lead to performance loss. However, one of the main limitations is to overcome internal resistance. Each battery system has an internal resistance, but the goal is to minimize the internal resistance and at the same time store the maximum amount of energy per unit weight. When a load is applied to a battery system, the required current flows and a battery voltage drop occurs due to the internal resistance of the battery. The lower the resistance, the lower the battery voltage drop. This is because the total internal resistance of the battery includes the actual resistance of each component and the resistance due to polarization (such as activation and concentration polarization). Polarization contributes significantly to the total internal resistance of any battery system. In its simplest form. Concentration polarization involves the growth of reactants or products on the electrode surface. This phenomenon restricts the diffusion of reactants to the electrode and the proliferation of products from the mold pole. The higher the current, the stronger the polarization loss that can be learned from the battery system. Therefore, the maximum current that can be drawn from the storage battery system is limited by the degree of polarization in the battery system. However, if the polarization loss can be controlled, most of the battery systems should be able to obtain higher currents with the lowest voltage loss. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a power control device for providing a predetermined power output from a storage battery. Such a power control device significantly reduces the internal resistance loss experienced by most types of storage batteries. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to one aspect of the present invention, a power control system is provided for providing a predetermined power output from a battery system. This power supply control system includes: '(1) an output device that transmits power from a battery system to a load; _5 _ ^ _ This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297). (Please read « (Notes on the back ^^ write this page)

4 3 4 A7 B7 Printed by Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of Central Bureau of Guidance, Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Invention Description (ί) (2) A control system, which can be connected to the battery system for sensing. Pre-selected operating parameters of the battery system, And in the first mode of operation: • stopping power from the battery system to the aforementioned output device; (3) a first capacitor device that can store a predetermined amount of power and is connected between the control system and the battery system, It can respond to the command signal sent by the control device in the second operation mode to supply the stored power to the battery system; (4) the second capacitor device can store a predetermined amount of power and is connected to the control device and the Between the output devices, in response to a command signal issued by the control device in the second operation mode, the stored power is supplied to the output device. In contrast, both the first and second capacitor devices can store a small percentage of the power transferred from the battery. In an embodiment of the present invention, the control device starts to supply power to the power supply control system, and a predetermined time interval provides a command signal to the first capacitor device and the second capacitor device. In another embodiment of the present invention, the control device can sense the degree of polarization in the battery, and when the degree of polarization in the battery exceeds a predetermined limit, start to supply control signals to the first capacitor device and the second capacitor device. . The power stored in the first capacitor device induces a reverse charge or reverse pulse to excite the electrodes in the battery system, and the induction rate is proportional to the resistance in the battery system sensed by the control device. The excitation of the electrode surface allows larger currents to flow into and out of the battery, thus allowing the storage > & to have larger current traction, faster recharging, and longer cycle life. This paper size is applicable to China Family Standard (CMS) A4 (2 丨 〇 X 297 cm), (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) .1T- 434964

V. Description of the Invention (The Ministry of Economic Affairs, China Standards Bureau, Work and Consumption Cooperation Du Duan installed the 'control system can be used to sense the pre-selected operating parameters of the battery system as a whole, or to sense the pre-selected operations of the individual battery cells constituting the battery system Parameters. This power control device can be used to automatically monitor the battery's current, internal resistance and operating performance. This power control device can further monitor each individual battery cell of the battery system during charging and discharging cycles. 'According to the invention In another aspect, the power control system can be used to supply a predetermined power input to a battery system from a battery charger. According to another aspect of the present invention, a battery management system is provided. The battery has at least one battery unit. And the battery unit has at least one pair of polarizable electrodes; the battery management system includes: (i) a monitoring device for monitoring predetermined parameters indicating the degree of polarization in each electric leakage unit; (Π) a storage device, It is used to store a predetermined amount of electric power transferred into or out of the storage battery. (Hi) The device is used to induce reverse charging or pulses of the counter electrode in order to reduce polarization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a specific power control device according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is provided from a battery system. A predetermined power output; FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a generalized power control device according to a second embodiment of the present invention: FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the power control system shown in FIG. I applied to a lead-acid battery system; Using China National Standard Fengfeng {CNS > A4 size (210X297 mm) Λ

43 4.9 6 Printed by A7 B7, Shellfish Consumer Cooperative, Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the Invention (q) Figure 4 is a chart showing whether a lead-acid battery contains or does not include the device. The number of cycles of the storage tank capacitor; and FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the redox gel battery system that the power supply control device shown in FIG. 1 should use. ‘Invention implementation mode. The power supply control system 10 shown in FIG. 1 can provide a predetermined power output from a battery system 11 located at a terminal or an output device 12. Loads such as electric trains are connected to terminals or output devices 12. Between the output terminal 12 and the terminal 13 of the battery system 11, there is a control device 4 for sensing a predetermined operating parameter of the battery 11. The control device 14 supplies power from the battery system 11 to the output terminal .12 during its first operating mode. : The first capacitor device '15 is connected between the battery system 11 and the control device 14 to store a predetermined amount of power supplied from the battery system 11 by the control device 14 during the first operation state; I-in two operation modes', in response to the command signal No. _ issued by the control device _ 14 and supplying its stored power to the battery system 11. A second capacitor device 16 is connected between the output terminal 12 and the control device 14. This device 16 stores a predetermined amount of power supplied from the battery system 11 by the control device 14 in its first operating mode; and responds to a command issued by the control device I4 when the control device 14 is in its second operating mode. Signal to supply its stored power to output terminal 12. Therefore, this power supply control system is integrated into two capacitor networks. When the control device detects that, for example, the polarization tooth in the battery system 11 is too high, or has: Preset time interval. This paper _ national standard for Chinese apricots {CNS) Α4 size (210 × 297 mm (the precautions on the back of the dragon first read the results before filling this page)

W 1T_ Λ A7 B7 V. Description of the Invention (g) f Note on clearing the surface (rewrite this page), the control system will start the reverse charging of the battery system 11. In this discharge cycle, the control device 14 'allows the energy stored in the first capacitor network 15 to be charged to the battery system Π, and the second capacitor device 16 at the same time' supplies uninterruptible power to the output terminal I2. The time interval of this reverse cycle or discharge cycle is extremely small, and because it is very efficient, it can be performed at regular intervals. Reverse charging can penetrate and minimize polarization effects and their associated losses in the battery system. This power control system can also work simultaneously with the charger for its operation: to provide the best performance and battery maintenance at any time during the period. This power control system prevents the battery system from being connected to non-approved charger types, thereby preventing potential misuse, and ensuring that car owners do not attempt to charge the battery system with the wrong charger while at home. f-嫜 This power control system, charger and vehicle can be added with a dedicated electronic signature so that the entire system can be tracked and monitored with high accuracy. Each time a battery system is installed in a charger unit, the power control system recognizes itself, the vehicle that was removed from the power control system, and the user. Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the charger unit monitors the energy level of the battery and records this for the user's total cost of battery exchange, electricity, and monthly rent. Upon receipt of this charge, ‘whether by cash or credit card, a new battery will be issued and installed in the vehicle. If the customer misuses or alters the battery in any way, the charger will recognize it. This control system can not only identify the energy level of the battery, but also evaluate the remaining driving distance based on the existing energy usage. Therefore, the paper size of the car is subject to the Chinese national standard (CNS > A4 specification (210X297 mm) 434964 A7 B7 V. Description of invention (q). The driver can know how many kilometers of remaining energy level are available for the journey. Each charger unit can be linked to an operation center chain via a telemetry system, which allows frequent monitoring of all stations in the charging station network. The power control system can include the functions and features of the speed control module, which means The vehicle manager can cancel the vehicle's speed control device and the system can control the output as long as it is controlled by the power supply. This can reduce the vehicle cost, reduce the manufacturer's warranty risk, and provide continuous performance monitoring through the telemetry communication system. This power control system It can be applied to a variety of different battery systems, such as valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, and redox gel batteries, each of which has its own benefits and specific target uses. Central Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by Bei Gong Consumer Cooperative (please read the note on the back before filling this page) This type of power control system is also available It is used to improve the performance of remote power system, load leveling and emergency backup battery. The fixed battery system used for remote power system and emergency backup can keep it fully charged for a long time. Because each battery The unit's automatic discharge rate is different, so the power control system can be programmed to periodically scan the status of individual battery cells, and use battery balancing technology to balance the battery cells from the inside. Alternatively, the charging system can be left in a standby state and can be used as The power control system controls it. Figure 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the power control system in a block diagram, which includes a microprocessor 40: and its associated software 57. The software 57 manages all functions described below. In this example, the microprocessor is 8-bit and runs at 8MHz. However, a 4, 16, or 64-bit processor can also be used. The processor speed can be from 4MHz to 166MHz. Or you can use _10: __ This paper size is applicable to the National Standard for Ladder (CNS) A4 (2 buckles X297 mm) · Printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 4 3 4 3 S 4 A7 B7 5. Description of the invention (t〇), digital signal processing chip, depending on individual battery requirements. The microprocessor

With EEPROM, ROM and RAM memory. Alternatively, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) can be used to connect individual battery cell voltage measurement modules 41 to a junction of each battery cell with a separate wire. This wire is only used for voltage measurement. When measuring the voltage of each battery cell, it is related to the ground wire of the battery with a maximum of 24V. The measurement of the battery cell voltage can also be achieved by directly measuring the voltage of each battery cell according to the requirements and accuracy requirements .: = Individual battery cells The voltage measurement adjustment is achieved by the module 42. The module 42 includes a circuit; in this circuit, the battery cell voltage is divided by a resistor network, and is smoothed by a filter capacitor connected to the voltage divider through a ground resistor. Active filtering using operational amplifiers or other filtering devices can also be used. The voltage is scaled to a voltage suitable for analog-to-digital conversion by a voltage divider and filter. In this example, 4.95V 'represents each connection of the battery Expected. Maximum voltage. A 12-bit analog digital converter is used for each battery cell voltage to be measured. This analog The bit converter is continuously controlled by the microprocessor. When the microprocessor converts the measured voltage to the battery cell voltage, it scales each voltage and subtracts each battery cell from the voltage on the positive side of each battery cell. The voltage on the negative side. Each battery cell is treated in this way. This method can be used for battery cell voltages within 24V or 30V. Above 24V or 30V, the above methods can be used in multiple stages. The method is to use optical supplement Serial communication transmits serial f-line digital data to isolate the battery cell voltage. Another applicable method, '' _____IL__ This paper size uses China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) , '' Ψ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) -f-The light industry consumer cooperation cooperation printed by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Light Economy is 4,964 $ at B7 5. The description of the invention (") is the use and A voltage-to-frequency converter connected to each battery cell directly measures the battery cell voltage and transmits this information as a frequency to a microprocessor. These voltage-to-frequency converters can be coupled to the unit by galvanizing or optically The microprocessor measures the frequency and converts it into a voltage. The current management module 43 measures the voltage through a shunt resistor and calibrates the measured voltage using a current-sense amplifier with source filtering. Another method is to use a Hall effect device to measure the current and adjust it appropriately. The current measurement adjustment is achieved by the circuit module 44. The circuit module 44 converts the voltage measured by the shunt into 0-5V. Signal regardless of the direction of the current. The converted signal is then fed to the input terminal _ of the same 12-bit analog-to-digital converter used to measure voltage. This adjustment circuit also provides a digital input to the microprocessor to indicate the direction of current flow. The above is achieved by using integrated circuits with a minimum of external components. In this category, discrete component solutions can also achieve cost-effectiveness in this regard. The circuit module 45 measures the temperature using an integrated circuit temperature sensor mounted on a circuit board. The number of circuit modules 45 is not limited, and can be located in different locations, such as 'inside the battery', inside or outside individual battery cells to measure the ambient temperature. The temperature measurement adjustment is achieved by the circuit module 46, where: A voltage output, and the module uses a low-compensated voltage operational amplifier, which is scaled to 0-5V, suitable for connecting the input terminals of the same analog digital converter P for measuring voltage and current. —The LCD 47 is used to display information, such as residual capacitance, residual __ ^ _ 12 ____ This paper size is applicable to China National Contacts (CNS) A4 grid (210X297 mm) * t Please read the notes on the back before reading (Fill in this) ir r Printed by the central government bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives, 43 ^ 384; $. A? B7 V. Description of Invention (LZ) · Yu Gong a number and any other information. _. '. · The display actuator 48 is directly activated by the microprocessor 40.' The microprocessor 40 writes the appropriate frame into a memory location according to its internally stored checklist. "According to the microprocessing, the device requirements and the LCD display are complicated. Depending on the nature 'can be used-a separate integrated circuit exciter. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) or gas plasma displays can also be used. LCD modules can also be used. The acoustic indicator module 49 includes a piezoelectric buzzer 'for providing an audio signal to a user. This module is preferably directly excited by a microprocessor or if necessary a transistor exciter. If the battery is used in a moving vehicle, a distance sensor 50 can be installed on the wheel. The form of the sensor 50 may be a magnetic pickup, wherein a magnet is located on a wheel, and a Hall effect sensor is installed on a fixed part of the vehicle. The form of the sensor 50 may also be a Optical sensor. The distance sensing device adjustment is performed by the circuit module 51. Among them, the output of the distance sensor 50 is a frequency, which is calibrated and measured by the microprocessor 40 and then converted into a speed or distance. The pressure sensor module 52 includes a low voltage output located in the battery. (Around 0-1. 00m V) pressure transducer. The pressure sensor adjustment module 53 scales the output to 0-5V via a precision operational amplifier and feeds it to the analog-to-digital converter. The communication module 54 ensures that all control and communication signals from the battery charger are communicated directly from the microprocessor 40 via a serial 'bus'. This serial bus can also access a PC for calibration purposes. This paper uses China's «Home Stair Standard (CNS) Regulations (210X297mm), (please read the precautions of 1r · face before filling out this page) f 11 4349 S4 Α7 Β7 V. Description of the invention ( 16) In order to ensure a long battery life, all components are optimized to achieve low current consumption. Microprocessors, analog-to-digital converters, (read the note on the back before filling out this page) and all other circuits can use the signal sent from the microprocessor to the low-current mode module 55 at low current consumption Modal. In order to achieve the required accuracy, the analog input of the microprocessor is calibrated by the calibration module 56, and the calibration factor and the residual offset are stored in the EEPROM memory. For matters of time importance, such as current monitoring for energy use integration, the software 57 is preferably information-period interrogated (, pomng > orientated), and is interrupt driven. Software 57 It is best to judge whether an individual battery unit is faulty and notify the accumulator or charger. The software 57 may include a polynomial voltage choke algorithm to prevent the battery from being overcharged by opening the switch. This software can be used to: (a) Calculate the battery's automatic discharge (self discharge), and can start the battery army balance processing; (b) The number of registration cycles, and this information can be transmitted to the battery charger; Central Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Junction Bureau Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives' (c) Monitoring, communication, and activation of protection measures to prevent overvoltage or undervoltage; (d) Sampling currents at regular intervals and integrating currents over time to provide used and residual Ampere-hour data; and (e) Depending on the load during the current cycle, correct the used and residual amp-hour data. '/ Microprocessor 40 can also excite FETS (Field Effect Transistor Switch) or _. _14: _ This paper uses the Chinese national standard (CNS > A4 size (210 X 297 mm) Λ. A7 434964 B7_ 5 Description of the invention (丨 屮) IGBT (Absolute Green Grid Beam Tube) to control the current to the motor 58. In this way, it can provide single pulse width modulation control for brush-type motors or multi-type brushless motors (such as magnetic Resistance motor or brushless _ DC motor) provides quasi-sine wave control with multiple outputs. For battery safety and protection, use FET or IGBT switch 59. The FETS used is a low resistance switch 59 controlled by the switch control module _ 60 The switch control module 60 is energized by the microprocessor 40. The FETS or IGBT is boosted by switching the power supply to facilitate high-side excitation. In the resistance control module 61, the microprocessor controls a FET and its function To periodically charge a capacitor, make the capacitor voltage higher than the battery voltage, and discharge the capacitor to the battery, while transferring another capacitor that can maintain the load current. F The output of the energy meter 62 is residual The capacitance is displayed on the LCD. The calculation of this threshold is the integration of the current over a period of time. The current is sampled at a fixed interval, subtracted from an accumulator, and then scaled to 100% to produce a residual capacitance output. The internal resistance / impedance module 63 measures the change in voltage before and after the current changes step by step to calculate the internal resistance and impedance. This calculation may occur during charging and discharging. AC current or voltage can be injected into the battery, and Measure the generated voltage or current to calculate the internal resistance and impedance. When the battery cell balancing module 64 calculates, if it is considered that a certain battery cell automatically discharges more than other battery cells in the same group, it will be taken out of the entire group. Electricity, using a modal power converter to convert electricity to the appropriate voltage. This paper size is based on China® Standard (CNS > A4 size (210 X 297 mm) Λ (Please read the note on the back first) Please fill in this page again)-Order A7 B7 printed by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, printed by the Shellfish Consumer Cooperatives. It is distributed to the weakest battery cells, so it balances each battery cell. Traditional lead-acid batteries face a variety of problems such as limited capacity utilization, low discharge depth, short cycle life, low energy density, thermal management, and continuous boost charging to The need to maintain the balance of the battery cells requires long lead-time battery charging, and high charging current can only be used for a few minutes in an extremely low charging state. If high current is used, it will usually result in higher than allowable degrees. The voltage will cause the electrolyte loss and the battery capacity to drop. When recharging a lead-acid battery by boost charging, the fastest time is up to 4 hours if the appropriate charging conditions are followed "; The cycle life of the lead-acid battery depends on the cycle period The depth of discharge (Depth-of-Discharge, DOD) achieved varies greatly. For electric vehicle applications, 90-100% DOD is common; at these DOD levels, the cycle life f of traditional deep-cycle lead-acid batteries will be around 300 cycles. Figure 3 shows the application of the power control system 20 to a lead-acid battery having a qualified lead-acid form. • However, the battery cell structure of this system uses advanced spiral winding technology. Twelve individual battery cells 21 are formed by electrodes with a large surface area. Such electrodes are spirally wound to form individual battery cells with extremely low resistance. Advanced electrolytes have been developed today to help allow very high currents to be drawn from the battery system. The battery system involves the integration of a spiral-wound battery cell technology with an improved electrolyte power control system 20. The battery cells 21 are connected in series by a bus bar 22, and the bus bar 22 itself is also connected to the first capacitor device 23, the control device 24, the second electric container device 25, and the output terminal 26. A dotted line 27 represents a command signal sent from the control device 24 to the first capacitor device 23. Use valve-regulated lead acid 16: _ This paper size is applicable to China Minjia Standard (CNS) A4 size (210X297 mm) * (Please read the note on the back before filling in this page) Order—1 ·-44 ΛΛ7 B7 V. Description of the invention ((b) The form can provide proven technology at a relatively low cost as a starting point for "rental energy" systems. By using the power control system 20 and restructuring the battery design to make these Optimizing the benefits of features can provide a significantly improved battery that is improved in current flow, capacitance and cycle life, reduced recharge time, and only minimal increase in manufacturing costs. 'The chart in Figure 4 is a lead The acid battery contains and does not include the power supply of the present invention. The control system corresponds to the number of cycles provided by the battery capacitor. Each cycle is from charging to discharging and then back to charging. ^ The improved current flow capability indicates that the use of electricity and capacitors has been improved, As a result, a higher amp-hour rating can be obtained and the driving distance can be extended. The increased cycle life means that the battery can be recharged more times before it needs to be replaced. As a result, the annual operating cost is reduced. The reduced charging time means that the battery can be turned faster, so the number of spare batteries required in the rental energy system is reduced. Fill out this X) This kind of power supply. The control system can also be applied to conventional NiMH batteries. NiMH batteries use advanced processing and high-purity materials, which usually lead to extremely high battery costs. Expanded nickel foam and treated metal alloy materials require extremely high quality control in order to obtain high-performance batteries.

NiMH hydride batteries may also have problems with automatic discharge, and may also be affected by temperature. On some systems, drawing high currents may damage the battery cells, so care must be taken not to overcharge the battery. In this regard, an advanced battery charger is needed to ensure proper charging. The NiMH battery system of this embodiment uses advanced NiMH technology. 17 Paper size is applicable to China Standard S (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm), ^ 49§ 4, A7 B7 Printed by the Shell Standard Consumer Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 5. Description of the Invention (1) The technology is designed to make full use of the benefits provided by the battery power control system. Its battery cell structure utilizes spiral-wound battery cell technology, which allows the production of power output and much higher capacity battery cells. This power control system is integrated into each battery cell of the battery pack. This power control system can significantly reduce the polarization effect, allowing the battery system to provide higher currents without endangering its cycle life. • The integrated unit is a highly effective stand-alone smart energy storage system because the power control system monitors all functions of the unit. This power control system can take proactive measures to maintain optimal battery performance \ while producing improved cycle life. This Ni-MH system is very suitable as an “rental energy” system because its benefits include high energy density, high power, long cycle life, and fast recharge time. Compared to a valve-regulated battery system, this system allows electric vehicles to travel longer distances, but at a slightly higher cost. However, the production cost of the system in this embodiment is significantly lower than the existing products. According to its current cost estimation, the total price of the NiMH system is almost 1/10 of the current price of small-scale production units on the market. . Electric bicycles need a small battery system that can provide long-distance driving, and the NiMH system is particularly suitable for such electric bicycles. This power control system can also be applied to redox batteries that have been studied for many years. This type of battery is mainly in the form of a redox fluid battery. Energy is stored in a liquid electrolyte, and the electrolyte is stored separately in a battery stack. During operation p, the electrolyte is recirculated throughout the system, and energy is transferred into and out of the electrolyte. Redox fluid power storage 18 This paper size applies Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297mm) ~: ~ (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this X) Λ-ν

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S A7 B7 Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. 5. Description of the Invention "?) Pools usually have low energy density and bear the pumping losses associated with electrolyte recirculation in the system. In some cases It is possible to have a high automatic discharge rate, depending on whether the diaphragm or internal shunt is present. The difference between redox gel batteries and redox fluids is that their electrolytes do not need to be recycled because these electrolytes are super concentrated gels . The battery system uses some solid metal electrode forms, and the solid metal electrode involves a phase transfer reaction, which usually results in weight gain and efficiency loss. Redox gel batteries use ultra-concentrated gels, each of which contains a high concentration of Positive and negative reactive ions. All reactive species are contained in the gel and do not involve any phase transfer reaction. Therefore, due to the smallest loss, it can lead to high efficiency. '' The power control system of the present invention can be integrated into Redox gel battery pack to reduce the polarization effect. Because the gel is super concentrated, so when When a high load is applied to a battery system, the polarization tends to be high = a power control system specifically designed for redox gel batteries can alleviate many limitations in the design of redox gel battery cell systems. Figure 5 shows The power control system 30 includes a bus system 31, which is connected to a plurality of battery cells 32, a control device 33, a first capacitor device 34, a second capacitor device 35, and an output terminal 3.6. The dotted line 37 represents a command signal.-Control device 33 is specially designed for redox gel battery cells. It also performs a variety of monitoring functions, such as monitoring the voltage and temperature of individual battery cells. It can also monitor the internal pressure of sealed battery packs. National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21〇297mm) ~~ '~ {Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page)

Printed by the central government. Probable; printed by M. Staff. Consumer News Agency. 5. Description of invention ([q) A7 B7 The allowable load limit of the system under any known conditions. Controls.33 has additional and important capabilities, and can take proactive measures to maintain optimal deaf battery performance in any state of charge. Due to this high degree of system control, this system can repeatedly use its total capacitance over an extremely long cycle life. The cost of this system is extremely competitive and provides superior performance to currently available energy storage systems. The electrodes used in redox gel battery cells only serve to allow energy to be transferred into and out of the gel electrolyte. These are extremely inert and can be made from specially developed conductive plastic materials. The addition of a redox gel battery unit and a power control system to this system produces an energy storage system with an energy density almost twice that of the NiMH system. Due to the stability of the gel electrolyte, this system also has extremely long cycle life. The overall cost of this system is also extremely economical. Due to its light weight and sturdiness, this system is also very suitable for battery exchange processing for "rental energy" vehicles. '' '' Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a battery charging and regulating module, which is integrated with a battery executable power control system, and the battery executable power control system is integrated into a battery system. Various battery systems face many difficulties. One of the main limitations is incorrect charging or gang charging. In this type of charging, the condition of the overall battery is recorded and applicable charging is used. However, this kind of thinking does not allow to take into account the situation of individual battery cells. Therefore, the highest charged battery unit is usually overcharged, and the lowest charged battery unit is usually undercharged. The result is a significant reduction in the overall battery life. 20 This paper size is applicable to the Chinese Standards (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm) (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order rv 'Printed by Zhengong Consumer Cooperative, Central Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs, A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (2ο) Another problem is that the battery will not be able to accept high charge currents due to the internal effects of the internal battery pack on different components. Fast charging usually has an outgassing effect, releasing hydrogen. This condition is not only dangerous, but also limits the life of the battery due to electrolyte degradation. The charger of the present invention works with the power control system and limits the internal resistance, thereby allowing a faster recharge rate without affecting the cycle life of the battery. The invention provides a unique storage battery charging and regulating module. Such a module is integrated with a power control system, and the power control system is integrated into a battery system. The main function of this power control system is to reduce the polarization effect caused by the internal resistance of the battery. More importantly, it allows control of most on-board functions, such as monitoring individual battery units' providing power output control functions, co-operation with the Tetsu battery charger, providing protection and adjustment functions. r The special battery charger can identify the power control system, so it can also identify the battery module serial number. This information is relayed to the operation center via the telemeter communication system. Once the battery has been recorded and the user account has been confirmed, the power control system allows the battery charger to start charging. The actual charging function is performed in conjunction with the power control system to ensure that each battery unit is monitored and processed or adjusted to its specific needs. This capability prevents battery cells from being overcharged or undercharged, thereby significantly improving overall battery cycle life. -This battery charger can identify the battery type and automatically select the correct charging format. It is recommended to install a non-approved battery into the charger, and continuity will not be achieved. The charger can also be controlled by the power supply. 21 The paper size is applicable to the national standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 0X297 mm) ^ I --------- ^ —— (Please read 1 ^ side first Please pay attention to this page and fill in this page again)-Order A7 B7 V. Inventory (Z |) system feedback to detect whether the battery has been charged by any other device, or whether the optimization module or battery has been used in any way Tamper with and pass this information to the action center. ψ Each charger unit is linked to the operation center via a telemeter system, which allows continuous monitoring of all stations in the network, as well as the status of each battery location and each account. Industrial applications The battery management system can be used for rental energy. Under this concept, the battery management system can be installed in a series of service applications, such as vending machines, manual installation of recharging modules, and automatic battery removal. And replacement of rotating disks, robotic battery replacement equipment, and parking / charging stations. 22 This paper size is in accordance with Chinese National Standard (CNS) Α4 size (21〇297297 t) (please read the precautions before filling this page)

A7 B7 434964 V. Description of the invention (Z7j Figure 1 English-Chinese translation: between 12-16: uninterrupted power balance 1 3 -1 5: reverse charging line 13 right: individual battery. Battery unit overall information (please (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) -Order. Printed by the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Printed Paper Co-operative Cooperative Standards (CNS > A4 (210X 297 mm)) 434SS4 Central Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 B7 printed by the quasi-station staff cooperative V. Description of the invention (ingenious) | 'Figure 2 Translation of each module name: 1 40: Microprocessor 1 [41: Individual battery cell voltage measurement 42: Individual battery cell voltage measurement adjustment- Please read 1 43: Current measurement back I 1 | 44: Current measurement adjustment 45: Temperature measurement 46: Temperature measurement adjustment Note f Note %% again! 6: 47: Display page 1 r 1 48: Display exciter | — 49: Sound indicator ** \ 1 50: Distance sensor · it 5 1: Distance sensor measurement I ^ 52: Pressure sensor 1 53: Pressure sensor adjustment 1 '1 54: Communication 1 < 55: low current mode I: 56: calibration j 57: software 1 58: motor 62: energy meter 1 1 59: switch 63: internal resistance / impedance measurement 1 60 .: switch control 64: battery cell balance 1 61: Resistance control module 1 1 — 24 1 1 1 The paper bearing standard is applicable to the Chinese family standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297 mm) 34 4964 V. Description of the invention (^ 1) A7 B7 Figure 4 English-Chinese translation of lead acid Battery Capacitor Cycles · Excluding optimization Including optimization (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page>

1T Ο Printed by the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives 25 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 (210X297 mm)

Claims (1)

Α8 Β8 C8 D8 6. Scope of patent application u) 1. A power supply control system for supplying a predetermined power output from a storage battery system, the power supply control system includes: '(1) an output device, delivered from the storage battery system Power to a load; (2) a control system that can be connected to the battery system to sense pre-selected operating parameters of the battery system and supply power from the battery system to the output device in the first operation mode; (3) the A capacitor device that can store a predetermined amount of power and is connected between the control system and the battery system, and can respond to a command signal issued by the control device in the second operation mode to supply the stored power to the M battery. System; (4) a second capacitor device that can store a predetermined amount of power and is connected between the control device and the output device, and can respond to a command signal issued by the control device in the second operation mode, The stored power is supplied to the output device. Printed by the Central Laboratories of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Cooperatives «. 2. If the power supply control system of the first patent application scope, the first and second capacitor devices can be used to store a small percentage of the power transferred from the battery. 3. For example, the power supply control system of the scope of patent application, wherein the control device provides a command signal to the first capacitor device and the second capacitor device at predetermined time intervals after the power supply control system starts to supply power. 4. If you apply for the power control system of item 1 of the scope of patent application, which controls 26 paper sizes, use China National Standard (CNS) A4 * t grid (21〇 × 297 mm)-434964 if C8 Range (27 The device can sense the degree of polarization in the battery, and the command signals provided to the first capacitor device and the second capacitor device are provided when the degree of polarization in the battery exceeds a predetermined limit. Ψ 5 For example, the power supply control system of the scope of patent application, wherein the power stored in the first capacitor device induces reverse charging or pulses to excite the electrodes in the battery system, and the induction rate is the same as the resistance in the battery system sensed by the control device. Proportionally. ^ 6. — A battery management system, in which the battery has a battery cell, and the battery cell has a pair of allowable polarization electrodes; the battery management system includes:% (1) a monitoring device for monitoring In each battery unit, the predetermined parameter indicating the degree of polarization-order ·-; (2) — storage device, used to store the transfer | or transfer the battery A predetermined amount of electricity; and (3) an inducing device for inducing a reverse charge or pulse of the counter electrode to reduce polarization. 7. For a battery management system according to item 6 of the patent application, wherein the predetermined parameter It is the internal resistance of each battery cell. Printed bags of the Consumers' Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs. For example, the battery management system of the 6th scope of the patent application, in which the rate of induction of reverse charging or pulses and each of the batteries The internal resistance and / or power flow level of the unit are proportional. 9. If the battery management system of item 6 of the patent application scope, the battery has a plurality of battery cells, and the monitoring device monitors predetermined parameters of each battery cell, and each Reverse charging was induced in one battery cell 27 '__ This paper size is used in the solid paper home kneading rate (CMS > A4 washing grid (210X297 mm) ^ 4 49 6 4 as B8 C8 D8 __ VI. Patent application Scope or pulse. 10. If the battery management system of item 6 of the patent application scope further includes a charger identification device to identify the battery charger connected to the battery It also includes a battery identification device to identify the battery, so that the identified battery charger will not charge the unidentified battery. 11. For example, the battery management system for item 6 of the patent application scope, where the battery is a lead-acid battery. . For example, the battery management system of the scope of patent application No. 11, wherein the lead-acid battery includes a plurality of spiral wound electrodes and a high energy transmission capacitor electrolyte medium. 3. The battery management system of scope of patent application No. 11. In the system, the lead-acid battery includes a compression plate, and the plate includes a high-energy transmission capacitor electrolyte medium. f 14. The battery management system according to item 11 of the patent application scope, wherein the lead-acid battery includes a bipolar battery unit arrangement. 15. The storage battery management system according to item 6 of the patent application, wherein the storage battery is a nickel metal hydride storage battery. _ 16. The battery management system according to item 15 of the patent application, wherein the nickel metal hydride battery includes a plurality of spiral wound electrodes and a high-energy transmission capacitor electrolyte medium. 17. The storage battery management system according to item 15 of the application, wherein the nickel metal hydride storage battery includes a compression plate and a high power transmission capacitor electrolyte medium. I8. If the battery management system of item 6. in the scope of the patent application, where the storage 28: _________ This paper standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 〇 > < 297 mm) for paper size 疋 ( (Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page.) Order. _ Printed by Shelley Consumer Cooperative, Central Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs 43 4§ β 4 AS B8 C8 D8 VI. Application scope a? The battery is a redox gel Battery. 19. The storage battery management system of claim 18, wherein the redox gel storage battery includes a plurality of spirally wound electrodes and a high-energy transmission capacitor electrolyte medium. 20. The battery management system according to item 18 of the scope of application, wherein the redox gel battery includes a compression plate and a high power transmission container electrolyte medium. 21. The battery management system according to item 6 of the patent application, wherein the predetermined parameter is selected from the voltage, current, temperature, pressure, internal resistance or internal impedance of each battery cell. 22 'A battery, including a battery management system with a scope of patent application No. 6. '(Please read the precautions on the back before filling in this page) Order printed by the Central Consumers ’Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Consumer Cooperatives 9 2 This paper size is easy to use and the country ’s national rate (CNS > A4 size (210 X 297 Mm) '