經濟部中央標準局員工消费合作社印繁 404078 at _Β7__ 五、發明説明（1) 迄目前已證明尖晶石型化合物（spinel conpound)是 最理想的鋰離子電池的陰極物質。在此等可取物質，例如 LiCoCOz，LiNi〇2 及 LixMn〇2 中，MNixMnzOz 為最佳， 因為它具有價廉、製造容易及無毒等數種優點。此化合物 的一般製法最早由Hunter氏掲示，即可由：將LiC〇3及 Mn*〇3或Mn3〇« MLi/Mn莫爾比1/2混合而在空氣中及 600-65010溫度下進行固相反應後，再於空氣中及800-900 C溫度下加热而製造。但，依此方法製造的化合物顳示低 放霣性及低再充電性。 在美國專利第5 , 1 9 2,6 2 9號中提供一種將化學計量的 Li2C03及Μη02在空氣中及8QDt!下反覆實施三次（每一次 24小時）之燒製，然後磨碎而製取粒徑1-2微米之具有高 放電容量之尖晶石型LixMn2C«的改良製法◊此方法雞然 可在空氣中進行，但需時太長，成本高，工業上的應用極 難。最近由M. Yoshio氏提供一種可Μ較容易且低廉的製 造尖晶石型Li-Μη-Ο化合物的熔融含浸法。此方法是由 LiN03或LiOH與Mn〇2之反應直接合成。依此方法製得之 化合物的一個優點為由於其最终加热溫度較低，生成之化 合物具較大表面積。但，LiN03之吸濕性高，不但不易將 Li/Mn (莫爾比）保持於所定之值，同時有反應時發生之 NOx氣體會污染環境等問題。又，若使用LiOH,則LiOH 易吸收空氣中之C02而變成LUC03,故其保存不易。因此 ，由工業製造觀點言，LiN03 (成本高、放出有毒氣體）或 LiOH (成本高、易與C0a反應）均不缠合作為LixMn04之 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X297公釐） (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)Yinfan 404078 at _B7__, Consumer Cooperatives, Central Standards Bureau, Ministry of Economic Affairs V. Description of Invention (1) So far, spinel conpound has been proved to be the most ideal cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Among these desirable substances, such as LiCoCOz, LiNi〇2 and LixMn〇2, MNixMnzOz is the best, because it has several advantages such as low cost, easy manufacture, and non-toxicity. The general method for preparing this compound was first shown by Hunter's, that is, LiC〇3 and Mn * 〇3 or Mn3〇 «MLi / Mn Mohr ratio 1/2 and solid phase in the air at 600-65010 temperature After the reaction, it is manufactured by heating in air at a temperature of 800-900 C. However, the compound produced by this method exhibits low radioactivity and low recharge. U.S. Patent No. 5, 192, 6 2 9 provides a method in which stoichiometric Li2C03 and Mn02 are repeatedly fired three times (24 hours each) in air and 8QDt !, and then ground to obtain Improved production method of spinel LixMn2C «with high discharge capacity and particle diameter of 1-2 microns. This method can be carried out in the air, but it takes too long, costs are high, and it is extremely difficult for industrial applications. Recently, M. Yoshio has provided a melt impregnation method for producing spinel-type Li-Mn-O compounds, which is relatively easy and inexpensive. This method is directly synthesized from the reaction of LiN03 or LiOH with MnO2. An advantage of the compounds prepared in this way is that the resulting compounds have a larger surface area because of their lower final heating temperature. However, LiN03 has high hygroscopicity, and it is not only difficult to maintain Li / Mn (Moire ratio) at a predetermined value, but also the problems of NOx gas generated during the reaction which will pollute the environment and other problems. In addition, if LiOH is used, LiOH easily absorbs C02 in the air and becomes LUC03, so its storage is not easy. Therefore, from the viewpoint of industrial manufacturing, neither LiN03 (high cost, release of toxic gases) or LiOH (high cost, easy to react with C0a) are not entangled. The paper size of LixMn04 is applicable to the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X297) Li) (Please read the notes on the back before filling in this page)
經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 404078_B7_ 五、發明説明（2) 製造原科使用。為此，以Li2C〇3作為鋰（Li)源，以工業 規模價廉的合成尖晶石型電極物質的方法為一般所追求。 本發明鼷於一種利用電解法製備的二氧化錳及碳酸鋰 (LiBC03)作為原料合成尖晶石型電極物質的方法，尤其 是利用粒徑10微米Μ下之電解二氧化錳（EMD)，增進鋰鹽 (即LizCOa)與EMD混合時之均匀分佈性以抑制如使用一 般之性電池用電解二氧化錳（平均粒徑40微米）時因不均 勻混合所產生之例如LiMnOa、Mn2〇3及LiiMn〇3等副生物。 本發明之另一特色為將化學計量的混合物預热至約600 t：,即L i 2 C 0 3的熔融點，因而在製程中L i * C 0 3鼬化並伴 隨着與二氧化錳（Mn〇8)反應，形成意欲之尖晶石型化合 物，並可防止上述副生物之生成。 〈可取實施例之說明〉 本發明係闞於一種製造具有大放電容量及良好再充轚 性能之優異尖晶石型構造的陰極物質的合成方法。尤其選 用粒徑10微米以下之電解二氧化錳（EMD)作為錳來源之合 成方法。使用此種二氧化蜢之優點是比使用一般之平均粒 徑40撤米之EMD者，可增進EMD及Li2C03之均匀分佈性 ，於是可以有效地胆止由於Li及Μη之不均勻分佈（Li過少 或通多）而生成諸如Mn2〇3及Li2Mn〇3等副生物。使用一 般之EMD (粒徑40微米）時不易獲得均勻混合物，為解決 此問鼷，Guyoiard氐倡議反覆實施加热及粉碎反應生成 物Μ製造尖晶石型構造的陰極物質。但，此方法餺費極長 時間，而本發明之合成方法較符合工業生產。 -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（210X 297公釐）Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 404078_B7_ V. Description of the invention (2) Used by the manufacturing department. For this reason, a method of synthesizing a spinel-type electrode substance with Li2C03 as a lithium (Li) source and at an industrial scale and at a low cost is generally pursued. The invention relates to a method for synthesizing a spinel-type electrode substance by using manganese dioxide and lithium carbonate (LiBC03) prepared by electrolytic method, and in particular using electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) with a particle diameter of 10 micrometers to improve Lithium salt (i.e., LizCOa) is uniformly distributed when mixed with EMD to suppress, for example, LiMnOa, Mn2O3, and LiiMn produced by uneven mixing when using ordinary manganese dioxide (average particle size: 40 microns) for batteries. 〇3 and other para-organisms. Another feature of the present invention is to preheat the stoichiometric mixture to about 600 t: that is, the melting point of L i 2 C 0 3. Therefore, Li * C 0 3 is fertilized in the process and is accompanied by manganese dioxide. (Mn〇8) reaction to form the intended spinel type compound, and can prevent the generation of the above-mentioned by-products. <Explanation of Desirable Embodiments> The present invention is directed to a method for synthesizing a cathode material having an excellent spinel-type structure with a large discharge capacity and good recharge performance. In particular, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) with a particle size of 10 microns or less is selected as the synthetic method of manganese source. The advantage of using this kind of hafnium dioxide is that it can improve the uniform distribution of EMD and Li2C03 compared with those using EMD with average particle diameter of 40 dm. Therefore, it can effectively prevent the uneven distribution of Li and Μη (Li is too small) Or pass more) and produce byproducts such as Mn203 and Li2Mn〇3. In order to solve this problem, it is not easy to obtain a homogeneous mixture when using a general EMD (particle diameter of 40 micrometers). In order to solve this problem, Guyoiard proposed to repeatedly implement heating and pulverizing the reaction product M to produce a spinel-type cathode material. However, this method takes a long time, and the synthesis method of the present invention is more suitable for industrial production. -5- This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) Α4 specification (210X 297 mm)
經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印繁 A7 404078_B7_ 五、發明説明（3 ) - Mii〇2及Li2C〇3反懕而生成富氧尖晶石型化合物係可 在約400tl發生，但要完全形成此種富氧尖晶石型化合物 需極長時間，若將加热通度提昇至Li2C03之融點（600-6 50 t：},則Li2C〇3會融化而被覆在Mn〇2粒子的表面，提 高Li及Μη之分佈均勻性且使反應變成一種固-液相反應， 增進操作性，可在1〇小時Μ内生成尖晶石型化合物。對於 在6 0 0 - 6 5 0 t：範圃加热化學計最之L i C 0 3及Μ η 0 2混合物1 0 小時所製得之上述化合物，藉由X光鐃射法（XRD)分析结 果播知是一種軍相富氧尖晶石型化合物，且無代表Li8Mn03 及Mn2〇3之高峯（peak)存在。上述富氧尖晶石型化合物 通常具有稍低之放電容量及8.2A° Μ下之立方晶糸格子定 數。為獲得意欲之尖晶石型化合物，將上述製得之富氧尖 晶石型化合物在700-750¾下進一步加热，即獲得本發明 之理想尖晶石型陰極物質（LixMn2〇«>。 實施例1 將粒徑10微米K下之電解二氧化錳（EMD) 20克與 4 . 2 4 34 克之 Li2C〇3 (Li 及 Μη 之混合其爾比，Li/Mn = 0.524 >均勻混合後，MIOOt：/小時之加热速率加热至600*0, 然後在該溫度下將其保持在空氣中，經遇10小時後在空氣 中放冷1小時。然後對此所得之化合物實施X-光繞射澜定 (XRD), Μ確認有否Μη2〇3及Li2Mn03相存在。结果由其 XRD國顯示無Mn2〇3及Li2Mn〇3之高峯存在，而只有軍相 之富氧尖晶石型化合物（LixMn20*)生成。由缡射高輋計 算其格子定數8.19 A°。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐）Employees' Cooperatives of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Indian Printing Co., Ltd. A7 404078_B7_ 5. Description of the Invention (3)-Mii〇2 and Li2C〇3 instead generate oxygen-rich spinel-type compounds that can occur at about 400tl, but it must be fully formed. This kind of oxygen-rich spinel type compound takes a very long time. If the heating flux is raised to the melting point of Li2C03 (600-6 50 t:}, Li2C〇3 will melt and cover the surface of Mn〇2 particles, which will increase The distribution of Li and Mη is uniform and the reaction becomes a solid-liquid phase reaction, which improves the operability and can generate spinel-type compounds within 10 hours of M. For 60 to 6 5 0 t: Fanpu heating The above-mentioned compound prepared by a chemical meter with a mixture of L i C 0 3 and M η 0 2 for 10 hours, was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and it was revealed that it was a military-phase oxygen-rich spinel-type compound. And there is no peak representing Li8Mn03 and Mn203. The above oxygen-rich spinel compounds usually have a slightly lower discharge capacity and a fixed number of cubic crystal lattices at 8.2A ° M. In order to obtain the desired tip Spinel type compound, the oxygen-rich spinel type compound prepared above is under 700-750¾ After further heating, the ideal spinel cathode material (LixMn2O «>) of the present invention is obtained. Example 1 20 g of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) at a particle size of 10 micron K and 4. 2 4 34 g of Li2C 〇3 (The mixing ratio of Li and Mn is equal to Li / Mn = 0.524 > After uniform mixing, the heating rate of MIOOt: / hour is heated to 600 * 0, and then it is kept in the air at this temperature. After 10 hours, it was allowed to cool in the air for 1 hour. Then, the obtained compound was subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), and it was confirmed whether Mn2O3 and Li2Mn03 phases were present. As a result, the XRD country showed no Mn2. The peaks of 3 and Li2Mn〇3 exist, and only the oxygen-rich spinel compound (LixMn20 *) of the military phase is generated. The lattice number is calculated from the projectile height of 8.19 A °. This paper standard applies to Chinese national standards (CNS ) A4 size (210X 297mm)
404078 A7 B7 五、發明説明（4 ) 為了減少上述富氧尖晶石型化合物的含氧量，於空氣 中及在7501C下加热24小時，结果其格子定數值壜至8.22 A° 〇 將上述所得之化合物作為鋰電池的陰極物質構成簧驗 用電池，並测定此電池之電化學性能。供試驗之電池係由 被多孔性聚丙烯薄膜隔嫌之陰極及金羼鋰陽極所櫛成。金 鼸鋰為超量。將25ag之活性物質（即上述製得之LixMn2〇< )及lOng之導霣性粘科姐成的混合物，M 800 kg/c·2的 壓力屋着於面積2.5c·»之不綉網網上，並將其作為陰極姐 装於上述之霣池。使用之霣解液為碳酸乙_(EC)及碳酸 二甲釀（DMC)之1:2混合溶媒中溶解有LiPFe (1莫爾/公 升）者，即lMLiPF8-EC/DMC電解液，並K3.5-4.5V範圃 之«壓反覆實施充放電，除非另有註明，否則放霣速率為 0.4iA/c·» (C/3)。又，所有之組裝作業是氤氣氛下之乾箱 中進行。 第1圃表示含上述尖晶石型陰極之鋰電池Ui/LixMn2(U )的放電容量與循瓖數之Μ係圈表。由園表可知使用本發 明之尖晶石型陰槿物質之電池的第1循環之放電容量為129 nAh/g,第50循環Μ後仍保持122 nAh/g之放電容量。 比較例1 Μ粒徑4D撤米之電解二氧化錳（EMD)作為錳（Μη)源 之外，其他悉依上述實施例1所述條件及方法進行合成。 由XRD分析结果在600t?加熱製得之試樣顯示有Μη2〇3特性 之高‘峯存在。此陰極物質之第1循瑁之放電容量僅為90 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) Α4規格（2丨0Χ297公釐〉404078 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (4) In order to reduce the oxygen content of the above oxygen-rich spinel-type compounds, heating in air and at 7501C for 24 hours, the result is a fixed lattice value of 8.22 A °. The compound is used as a cathode material of a lithium battery to constitute a battery for spring test, and the electrochemical performance of the battery is measured. The test battery consists of a cathode separated by a porous polypropylene film and a gold lithium anode. Gold and lithium are excessive. A mixture of 25ag of active substance (that is, LixMn2O <) prepared above and 10ng of a conductive adhesive, and a pressure house of M 800 kg / c · 2 was placed on a non-embroidered net with an area of 2.5c · » On the Internet, and installed it as a cathode sister in the above pond. The digestion solution used is the one in which LiPFe (1 mole / liter) is dissolved in a 1: 2 mixed solvent of ethyl carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), that is, lMLiPF8-EC / DMC electrolyte, and K3 .5-4.5V Fan Pu's «Voltage repeatedly charge and discharge, unless otherwise noted, the release rate is 0.4iA / c ·» (C / 3). In addition, all assembly operations are performed in a dry box under a krypton atmosphere. The first field shows the M-type circle table of the discharge capacity and cycle number of the lithium battery Ui / LixMn2 (U) containing the above-mentioned spinel cathode. It is known from the watch that the discharge capacity of the battery using the spinel-type hibiscus material of the present invention in the first cycle is 129 nAh / g, and the discharge capacity of 122 nAh / g is maintained after the 50th cycle. Comparative Example 1 An electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) having a particle size of 4D and a meter of rice was synthesized in accordance with the conditions and methods described in Example 1 except that the manganese (Mn) source was used as the source of manganese (Mn). The XRD analysis results showed that the sample prepared by heating at 600 t? Showed the presence of a high 'peak of Mη203. The discharge capacity of the first cycle of this cathode material is only 90. The paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (2 丨 0 × 297 mm>
(請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 404078 A7 B7 _ 五、發明説*明（5 ) b Ah/g,將此試料粉碎並在空氣中及750Ό下再加热24小時 ，结果Mn2〇3之高輋由XRD圖中消失。其放電容量亦增加 至 12fl aAh/g。 比較例2 澜定原料之Li/Μη莫爾比對加熱產物之化學組成的影 響。测定之Li/Mn比為0.50及0.54。测定條件與上面實 腌例1相同。其爾比0.50時由XRD確認有Μη2〇3副生，而 其爾比超通0.53則確認有LiMn2〇3副生。由此可知，製造 本發明之軍一相之LixMn2〇4時，可取之Li/Mn其爾比係在 0 . 5卜0 . 53 範 _。 實施例2 將粒徑10微米Μ下之電解二氧化錳（EMD) 20克與4.2434 克之Li2C03 (Li/Mn萁爾比0 . 5 2 4 )均勻混合後，Μ1〇〇υ /分之加热速率加熱至6 0 0勺，並於該溫度下保持1〇小時之 後再Κ1小時之時間加热至7 50 13，在空氣中及750*0下加 热24小時後，以XHD檢測结果獲知生成物為單相之LUMn2〇4 ,其格子定數與實施例1者同樣為8.22 A。。 第2圓表示使用上述尖晶石型化合物（LixMn20*)陰 棰之Li/LixMn2〇4電池的充放電曲線。此充放電曲線的形 狀與實施例1之試料者相同，但與實施例1相較，第1循 環之放電容量為稍低之124 nAh/g (實施例1為129 lAh/g )。 -8 - 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS > A4規格（2丨Ο X 297公釐） wifi (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 A7 404078 五、發明説明（6 ) 圖式之簡單說明 第1圖為表示使用本發明實施例1製得之LixMn2〇«之 鋰電池的循瑁数與放電容量之闞係線圖； 第2圖為表示使用實施例2所製得之LixMn2〇4之鋰電 池的充電及放電曲線。 符號之說明 9 ......充電曲線 10 .....放電曲線 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標隼局員工消費合作社印製 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準（CNS ) A4規格（210X 297公釐）(Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 404078 A7 B7 _ V. Invention Description * 5 (5) b Ah / g, crush this sample in air and After heating for another 24 hours at 750 ° F, the high Mn203 was disappeared from the XRD pattern. Its discharge capacity has also increased to 12fl aAh / g. Comparative Example 2 Influence of the Li / Mn mol ratio of the Landing raw material on the chemical composition of the heated product. The Li / Mn ratios measured were 0.50 and 0.54. The measurement conditions were the same as those in the first marinating example. At a molar ratio of 0.50, it was confirmed by the XRD that there was a Mn2O3 byproduct, and when its molar ratio was 0.53, a LiMn2O3 byproduct was confirmed. From this, it can be known that when manufacturing the one-phase LixMn204 of the army of the present invention, the preferable Li / Mn ratio is 0.5 to 0.53. Example 2 After uniformly mixing 20 g of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) with a particle size of 10 μM and 4.2434 g of Li2C03 (Li / Mn ratio: 0.5 2 4), a heating rate of 100 μm / min was obtained. Heated to 600 scoops, and kept at this temperature for 10 hours, then heated to 7 50 13 for 1 hour, heated in air and 750 * 0 for 24 hours, and obtained the result by XHD test results. In contrast to LUMn204, the lattice constant is 8.22 A as in Example 1. . The second circle shows a charge / discharge curve of a Li / LixMn204 battery using the above-mentioned spinel compound (LixMn20 *) anion. The shape of this charge-discharge curve is the same as that of the sample of Example 1, but compared with Example 1, the discharge capacity of the first cycle is slightly lower than 124 nAh / g (Example 1 is 129 lAh / g). -8-This paper size applies to Chinese National Standards (CNS > A4 size (2 丨 〇 X 297 mm) wifi (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Standards Cooperative of the Central Standards Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs A7 404078 V. Description of the invention (6) Brief description of the diagram The first diagram is a line diagram showing the cycle number and discharge capacity of the lithium battery using LixMn2O «obtained in Example 1 of the present invention; the second diagram is Represents the charge and discharge curves of the lithium battery using LixMn204 produced in Example 2. Explanation of Symbols 9 ...... Charge Curve 10 ..... Discharge Curve (Please read the precautions on the back before (Fill in this page) The paper size printed by the Employees' Cooperatives of the Central Bureau of Standards of the Ministry of Economic Affairs applies the Chinese National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (210X 297 mm)