TW202409128A - 聚氨酯樹脂及其製造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明公開一種聚氨酯樹脂及其製造方法,其包括下列步驟:混合一聚酯多元醇、一聚醚多元醇、一第一鏈延長劑、二異氰酸酯與一混合溶劑,進行聚合反應以獲得一預聚物。將一第二鏈延長劑加入預聚物中,進行擴鏈反應,以獲得聚氨酯樹脂。混合溶劑包括二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮,混合溶劑中二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮的質量比值為0.45至1.80。以聚氨酯樹脂的總重為100重量百分比,第一鏈延長劑與第二鏈延長劑的總添加量為0.9重量百分比至2.5重量百分比。
Description
本發明涉及一種聚氨酯樹脂及其製造方法,特別是涉及一種可作為鞋材的聚氨酯樹脂及其製造方法。
聚氨酯是一種多功能用途的高分子材料,通常作為人造皮革的主要原料。通過調整原料的種類及組成,可合成不同軟硬度的聚氨酯樹脂。
傳統的聚氨酯樹脂是以濕式製程製得,在固化之前,聚氨酯樹脂含有有機溶劑,例如:二甲基甲醯胺(dimethylformamide,DMF)。含有二甲基甲醯胺的聚氨酯樹脂雖然具有良好的穩定性,然而,二甲基甲醯胺的沸點高(153°C),在固化時需以較高的溫度蒸散溶劑,而具有耗能較高的缺點。並且,二甲基甲醯胺是列管的毒性物質,一旦被人體吸收便不易排出,故容易對人體造成永久的危害。
據此,傳統的聚氨酯樹脂具有固化溫度較高的缺點,以及聚氨酯產品存有安全疑慮而無法完全安心的應用於所有產品中的問題。因此,如何通過製造方法的改良,在不使用二甲基甲醯胺的前提合成聚氨酯樹脂,以克服上述的缺陷,已成為該項事業所欲解決的重要課題之一。
本發明所要解決的技術問題在於,針對現有技術的不足提供一種聚氨酯樹脂及其製造方法。
為了解決上述的技術問題,本發明所採用的其中一技術方案是提供一種聚氨酯樹脂的製造方法。聚氨酯樹脂的製造方法包括下列步驟:混合一聚酯多元醇、一聚醚多元醇、一第一鏈延長劑、二異氰酸酯與一混合溶劑,進行聚合反應以獲得一預聚物。將一第二鏈延長劑加入預聚物中,進行擴鏈反應,以獲得聚氨酯樹脂。混合溶劑包括二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮,混合溶劑中二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮的質量比值為0.45至1.80。以聚氨酯樹脂的總重為100重量百分比,第一鏈延長劑與第二鏈延長劑的總添加量為0.9重量百分比至2.5重量百分比。
於一些實施例中,聚氨酯樹脂中的溶劑在80°C至110°C之間的加工溫度下被去除。
於一些實施例中,第二鏈延長劑的添加量是第一鏈延長劑添加量的3.5至4.8倍。
於一些實施例中,以聚氨酯樹脂的總重為100重量百分比,聚酯多元醇的含量為18重量百分比至28重量百分比,聚醚多元醇的含量為8重量百分比至15重量百分比,二異氰酸酯的含量為3重量百分比至10重量百分比。
於一些實施例中,聚氨酯樹脂的製造方法進一步包括:在擴鏈反應後,於聚氨酯樹脂中加入丁酮,以使聚氨酯樹脂中二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮的質量比值為0.09至0.35。
於一些實施例中,聚氨酯樹脂的固含量為38%至45%。
為了解決上述的技術問題,本發明所採用的另外一技術方案是提供一種聚氨酯樹脂,聚氨酯樹脂是由前述製造方法所製得。
於一些實施例中,聚酯多元醇是由己二酸與丁二醇聚合而成,聚醚多元醇是分子鏈兩端具有一級羥基的直鏈聚醚多元醇。
於一些實施例中,聚氨酯樹脂包括一軟鏈段與一硬鏈段,軟鏈段的比例為75重量百分比至85重量百分比,硬鏈段的比例為15重量百分比至25重量百分比。
於一些實施例中,聚氨酯樹脂的黏度為20000 cps至30000 cps。
於一些實施例中,聚氨酯樹脂的重量平均分子量為90000克/莫耳至110000克/莫耳。
於一些實施例中,聚氨酯樹脂固化相對於一聚氨酯基材的剝離強度為12.0 kg/3cm至18.0 kg/3cm。
本發明的其中一有益效果在於,本發明所提供的聚氨酯樹脂及其製造方法,其能通過“混合溶劑中二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮的質量比值為0.45至1.80”以及“第一鏈延長劑與第二鏈延長劑的總添加量為0.9重量百分比至2.5重量百分比”的技術方案,以提升聚氨酯樹脂的加工性、耐曲折性以及剝離強度。
為使能更進一步瞭解本發明的特徵及技術內容,請參閱以下有關本發明的詳細說明與圖式,然而所提供的圖式僅用於提供參考與說明,並非用來對本發明加以限制。
以下是通過特定的具體實施例來說明本發明所公開有關“聚氨酯樹脂及其製造方法”的實施方式,本領域技術人員可由本說明書所公開的內容瞭解本發明的優點與效果。本發明可通過其他不同的具體實施例加以施行或應用,本說明書中的各項細節也可基於不同觀點與應用,在不背離本發明的構思下進行各種修改與變更。另外,本發明的附圖僅為簡單示意說明,並非依實際尺寸的描繪,事先聲明。以下的實施方式將進一步詳細說明本發明的相關技術內容,但所公開的內容並非用以限制本發明的保護範圍。另外,本文中所使用的術語“或”,應視實際情況可能包括相關聯的列出項目中的任一個或者多個的組合。
為了解決上述問題,本發明提供一種聚氨酯樹脂的製造方法,在製造過程中不需使用二甲基甲醯胺,而可降低產品對人體的毒性威脅。並且,製成的聚氨酯樹脂具有加工性良好、耐曲折性佳且剝離強度高的優點,可符合目前市面上將聚氨酯樹脂應用於鞋材上的特性需求。
請參閱圖1所示,本發明的聚氨酯樹脂的製造方法包括以下步驟:混合聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、第一鏈延長劑、二異氰酸酯與混合溶劑,進行聚合反應以獲得預聚物(步驟S1);將第二鏈延長劑加入預聚物中,進行擴鏈反應,以獲得聚氨酯樹脂(步驟S2);於聚氨酯樹脂中加入丁酮,以使聚氨酯樹脂的固含量為38%至45%(步驟S3)。
形成聚氨酯樹脂的固態成分包括:聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、鏈延長劑(第一鏈延長劑及第二鏈延長劑)與二異氰酸酯。若以聚氨酯樹脂中固態成分的總重為100重量百分比,聚酯多元醇的含量為48重量百分比至63重量百分比,聚醚多元醇的含量為20重量百分比至30重量百分比,鏈延長劑的含量為1.5重量百分比至8重量百分比,二異氰酸酯的含量為10重量百分比至20重量百分比。
本發明的聚氨酯樹脂包括一軟鏈段與一硬鏈段,軟鏈段是由聚酯多元醇及聚醚多元醇所構成,硬鏈段是由二異氰酸酯及鏈延長劑所構成,軟鏈段與硬鏈段的摻混可使聚氨酯樹脂具有較佳的耐曲折性。
於一較佳實施例中,軟鏈段的重量比例高於硬鏈段的重量比例。具體來說,以聚氨酯樹脂中固態成分的總重為100重量百分比,聚氨酯樹脂包括75重量百分比至85重量百分比的軟鏈段以及15重量百分比至25重量百分比的硬鏈段。如此一來,聚氨酯樹脂在聚合後可具有良好的物理特性,可應用於鞋材。
於一較佳實施例中,聚酯多元醇是己二酸系聚酯多元醇。舉例來說,合成聚酯多元醇的單體可以包括己二酸與丁二醇,聚酯多元醇的數均分子量為1000克/莫耳至3000克/莫耳,聚酯多元醇的羥值為35至39,聚酯多元醇的酸值為0.4至0.6。然而,本發明不以此為限。
於一較佳實施例中,聚醚多元醇是直鏈聚醚多元醇,且分子末端具有一級羥基。舉例來說,聚醚多元醇可以是四氫呋喃均聚醚(數均分子量為1000克/莫耳至3000克/莫耳)或聚丙二醇(數均分子量為1000克/莫耳至4000克/莫耳),聚醚多元醇的數均分子量為1000克/莫耳至4000克/莫耳。然而,本發明不以此為限。
於一較佳實施例中,第一鏈延長劑及第二鏈延長劑各自獨立選自由下列所構成的群組:乙二醇、1, 4-丁二醇及1, 6-己二醇。第一鏈延長劑及第二鏈延長劑可以相同或不同,於一較佳實施例中,第一鏈延長劑與第二鏈延長劑相同。
於一較佳實施例中,二異氰酸酯可以是選自由下列所構成的群組:二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(methylenediphenyl diisocyanate,MDI)、甲苯二異氰酸酯(toluene diisocyanate,TDI)及異佛爾酮二異氰酸酯(isophorone diisocyanate,IPDI)。然而,本發明不以此為限。
在本發明中,分別於步驟S1及步驟S2中添加鏈延長劑,並控制第二鏈延長劑的添加量大於第一鏈延長劑的添加量,如此一來,聚氨酯樹脂的耐曲折性可被提升。於一較佳實施例中,第二鏈延長劑的添加量是第一鏈延長劑添加量的3.5至4.8倍,具體來說,第二鏈延長劑的添加量可以是第一鏈延長劑添加量的3.6、3.8、4.0、4.2、4.4或4.6倍。
在本發明中,階段性的添加鏈延長劑,可使聚氨酯樹脂具備較佳的加工性、剝離強度與耐曲折性。第一鏈延長劑的添加,可先適當延長聚氨酯樹脂的分子鏈長。第二鏈延長劑的添加,再使聚氨酯樹脂具備理想的分子鏈長,並提升聚氨酯樹脂的加工性、剝離強度與耐曲折性。
值得注意的是,第二鏈延長劑的添加量過低時,聚氨酯樹脂的結構強度不足,會負面影響聚氨酯樹脂的加工性、剝離強度與耐曲折性。具體來說,以聚氨酯樹脂的總重(包含固態成分及液態成分)為100重量百分比,第一鏈延長劑的添加量可以為0.2重量百分比至0.6重量百分比,第二鏈延長劑的添加量可以為0.9重量百分比至2.5重量百分比。
為了聚合出理想的聚氨酯樹脂,添加第二鏈延長劑的時機也會影響聚氨酯樹脂的特性。於一較佳實施例中,當預聚物的異氰酸基(-NCO)的含量為1.0重量百分比至2.0重量百分比時,於預聚物中添加第二鏈延長劑,以進行步驟S2。
另一方面,為了使固態成分(聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、鏈延長劑及二異氰酸酯)具有良好的相容性與反應性,本發明選用二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮作為溶劑(液態成分),以取代具毒性的二甲基甲醯胺。
在聚合反應的過程中(步驟S1及S2),二乙基甲醯胺的添加可提升聚氨酯樹脂的相容性與反應性,但過多或過少的二乙基甲醯胺會負面影響聚氨酯樹脂的相容性與物性。因此,本發明控制二乙基甲醯胺的添加量,並混合適量的丁酮來調整聚氨酯樹脂的固含量,以利於聚合反應的進行。
於一較佳實施例中,混合溶劑中二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮的質量比值為0.45至1.80,具體來說,混合溶劑中二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮的質量比值可以為0.45至1.80之間公差為0.05的等差數列中的數值(例如,0.45、0.50、0.55... 1.70、1.75、1.80)。
具體來說,以聚氨酯樹脂的總重(包含固態成分及液態成分)為100重量百分比,二乙基甲醯胺的添加量為5重量百分比至16重量百分比。例如,二乙基甲醯胺的添加量可以為6重量百分比、8重量百分比、10重量百分比、12重量百分比或14重量百分比。
值得說明的是,在步驟S1中添加的丁酮,可使聚氨酯樹脂的固含量維持在利於反應進行的濃度。在步驟S3中添加的丁酮,可調整聚氨酯樹脂的固含量為38%至45%。並且,丁酮的添加可降低聚氨酯樹脂中溶劑的蒸散溫度,以降低固化聚氨酯樹脂所需的能耗。具體來說,聚氨酯樹脂中的溶劑(丁酮與二乙基甲醯胺)可在80°C至110°C的加工溫度下被去除。
具體來說,以聚氨酯樹脂的總重(包含固態成分及液態成分)為100重量百分比,步驟S1中丁酮的添加量為6重量百分比至12重量百分比,步驟S3中丁酮的添加量為32重量百分比至45重量百分比。聚氨酯樹脂中丁酮的總添加量為40重量百分比至60重量百分比。
為了證實本發明的聚氨酯樹脂加工性良好、耐曲折性佳且剝離強度高的優點,根據下列步驟配製了實施例1至4(E1至E4)與比較例1至3(C1至C3)的聚氨酯樹脂,各成分的具體添加量如表1所示。
在步驟S1中,先將己二酸系聚酯多元醇(聚酯多元醇)、四氫呋喃均聚醚(聚醚多元醇)、1, 6-己二醇(第一鏈延長劑)、N, N-二乙基甲醯胺(DEF)與丁酮(MEK)(混合溶劑)添加於一反應槽內,在持續攪拌的狀態下升溫至70°C。接著,於反應槽中添加二苯基甲烷二異氰酸酯(二異氰酸酯)與少量催化劑,再升溫至78°C並反應兩小時,以製成預聚物。
在步驟S2中,於預聚物中添加1, 6-己二醇(第二鏈延長劑),於78°C的溫度下反應一小時,便可獲得聚氨酯樹脂。
在步驟S3中,待聚氨酯樹脂降溫至45°C以下後,加入丁酮稀釋聚氨酯樹脂的固含量為38%至45%(較佳為39%至41%)。
配製完成後,將實施例1至4(E1至E4)與比較例1至3(C1至C3)的聚氨酯樹脂分別進行黏度、重均分子量、加工性、剝離強度與耐曲折性的測試。
黏度是以黏度計(廠牌:BROOKFIELD,型號:DV-E)測量而得。重均分子量是以凝膠滲透分析儀(廠牌:SHIMADZU,型號:LC-40XR)測量而得。加工性是評估在80°C至110°C的加工溫度下,塗佈性是否異常,若無異常以「OK」表示,若有異常缺陷以「NG」表示。剝離強度以萬能拉力試驗機(廠牌:SHIMADZU,型號:AG-X)測量而得。常溫耐曲折性的評估是使用耐曲折試驗機(廠牌:GOTECH,型號:GT-7006-V50),以角度22.5°、頻率100次/分鐘及於25℃進行10萬次曲折測試,若外觀無異常缺陷及無破損以「OK」表示,若外觀異常缺陷及破損以「NG」表示。低溫耐曲折性的評估是使用耐曲折試驗機(廠牌:GOTECH,型號:GT-7006-V50),以角度22.5°、
頻率 100 次/分鐘及於
-10℃進行
1 萬次曲折測試,若觀無異常缺陷及無破損以「OK」表示,若外觀異常缺陷及破損以「NG」表示。
表1
聚氨酯樹脂 | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | C1 | C2 | C3 | ||
固態成分 | 聚酯多元醇(wt%) | 24.1 | 21.6 | 21.5 | 20.3 | 23 | 21.5 | 20.6 | |
聚醚多元醇(wt%) | 9.5 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 10.8 | 10.4 | ||
第一鏈延長劑(wt%) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | ||
第二鏈延長劑(wt%) | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 1.7 | ||
二異氰酸酯(wt%) | 5.4 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 5.0 | 6.5 | 7.0 | ||
聚酯多元醇/聚醚多元醇/二異氰酸酯/鏈延長劑的重量比例 | 60.1/23.7/13.5/2.7 | 53.9/27.2/15.2/3.7 | 53.1/26.7/16.0/4.2 | 50.5/25.4/18.4/5.7 | 57.1/28.5/12.4/2.0 | 53.1/26.7/16.0/4.2 | 51.4/25.9/17.5/5.2 | ||
液態成分 | 混合 溶劑 | 二乙基甲醯胺(wt%) | 5.4 | 9.1 | 12.7 | 15.4 | 12.7 | 4.4 | 16.2 |
丁酮(wt%) | 10.9 | 10.2 | 9.4 | 8.9 | 9.4 | 11 | 8.7 | ||
步驟S3添加的丁酮(wt%) | 43.6 | 40.6 | 37.4 | 35.5 | 37.6 | 44.1 | 35 | ||
混合溶劑中DEF與MEK的質量比值 | 0.50 | 0.89 | 1.35 | 1.73 | 1.35 | 0.40 | 1.86 | ||
聚氨酯樹脂中DEF與MEK的總質量比值 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.27 | 0.08 | 0.37 | ||
特性 | 黏度(cps)(25°C) | 25840 | 26780 | 27340 | 29490 | 22950 | 24670 | 28870 | |
重均分子量(克/莫耳) | 93447 | 101100 | 104507 | 108479 | 83630 | 87740 | 105500 | ||
加工性 | OK | OK | OK | OK | NG | NG | NG | ||
剝離強度(kg/3cm) | 12.6 | 13.8 | 15.1 | 14.6 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 11.8 | ||
常溫耐曲折性(25°C) | OK | OK | OK | OK | NG | NG | NG | ||
低溫耐曲折性(-10°C) | OK | OK | OK | OK | NG | NG | NG |
由表1的結果可得知,本發明的聚氨酯樹脂具有良好的加工性,可在80°C至110°C的加工溫度下去除溶劑,且具有良好的塗佈平整性。本發明的聚氨酯樹脂在常溫與低溫的環境下具耐曲折性,在常溫(25°C)下可耐受十萬次的曲折測試,在低溫(-10°C)下可耐受一萬次的曲折測試。
本發明的聚氨酯樹脂的剝離強度大於12 kg/3cm。具體來說,聚氨酯樹脂相對於一聚氨酯基材的剝離強度可以是12.0 kg/3cm至18.0 kg/3cm。也就是說,聚氨酯樹脂相對於聚氨酯材料具有良好結合強度。
此外,本發明的聚氨酯樹脂的黏度可以為20000 cps至30000 cps,較佳的,聚氨酯樹脂的黏度為25000 cps至30000 cps。本發明的聚氨酯樹脂的重均分子量可以為90000克/莫耳至110000克/莫耳,較佳的,聚氨酯樹脂的重均分子量為92000克/莫耳至109000克/莫耳。然而,本發明不以此為限。
由比較例1的內容可得知,當鏈延長劑(第一鏈延長劑與第二鏈延長劑)的添加濃度不足(小於0.9重量百分比)時,無法獲得本發明的聚氨酯樹脂。第二鏈延長劑的添加濃度較佳為0.9重量百分比至2.5重量百分比。
由比較例2、3的內容可得知,混合溶劑中二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮的質量比值會影響聚氨酯樹脂的特性,當二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮的質量比值小於0.9重量百分比(比較例2)或大於2.5重量百分比(比較例3)時,無法獲得本發明的聚氨酯樹脂。
[實施例的有益效果]
本發明的其中一有益效果在於,本發明所提供的聚氨酯樹脂及其製造方法,其能通過“混合溶劑中二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮的質量比值為0.45至1.80”以及“第一鏈延長劑與第二鏈延長劑的總添加量為0.9重量百分比至2.5重量百分比”的技術方案,以提升聚氨酯樹脂的加工性、耐曲折性以及剝離強度。
更進一步來說,本發明通過“混合溶劑包括二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮”的技術方案,可達到提升聚氨酯樹脂中固態成分之間的相容性與反應性的效果,並可使聚氨酯樹脂具有良好的加工性。
更進一步來說,本發明通過“第二鏈延長劑的添加量是第一鏈延長劑添加量的3.5至4.8倍”的技術方案,以提升聚氨酯樹脂的加工性、耐曲折性以及剝離強度。
更進一步來說,本發明通過“在擴鏈反應後,於聚氨酯樹脂中加入丁酮,以使聚氨酯樹脂中二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮的質量比值為0.09至0.35”的技術方案,以提升聚氨酯樹脂的加工性。
以上所公開的內容僅為本發明的優選可行實施例,並非因此侷限本發明的申請專利範圍,所以凡是運用本發明說明書及圖式內容所做的等效技術變化,均包含於本發明的申請專利範圍內。
圖1為本發明聚氨酯樹脂的製造方法的流程步驟圖。
Claims (12)
- 一種聚氨酯樹脂的製造方法,其包括: 混合一聚酯多元醇、一聚醚多元醇、一第一鏈延長劑、二異氰酸酯與一混合溶劑,進行聚合反應以獲得一預聚物;其中,所述混合溶劑包括二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮,所述混合溶劑中二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮的質量比值為0.45至1.80;以及 將一第二鏈延長劑加入所述預聚物中,進行擴鏈反應,以獲得聚氨酯樹脂; 其中,以所述聚氨酯樹脂的總重為100重量百分比,所述第一鏈延長劑與所述第二鏈延長劑的總添加量為0.9重量百分比至2.5重量百分比。
- 如請求項1所述的製造方法,其中,所述聚氨酯樹脂中的溶劑在80°C至110°C之間的加工溫度下被去除。
- 如請求項1所述的製造方法,其中,所述第二鏈延長劑的添加量是所述第一鏈延長劑添加量的3.5至4.8倍。
- 如請求項1所述的製造方法,其中,以所述聚氨酯樹脂的總重為100重量百分比,所述聚酯多元醇的含量為18重量百分比至28重量百分比,所述聚醚多元醇的含量為8重量百分比至15重量百分比,所述二異氰酸酯的含量為3重量百分比至10重量百分比。
- 如請求項1所述的製造方法,進一步包括:在擴鏈反應後,於所述聚氨酯樹脂中加入丁酮,以使所述聚氨酯樹脂中二乙基甲醯胺與丁酮的質量比值為0.09至0.35。
- 如請求項5所述的製造方法,其中,所述聚氨酯樹脂的固含量為38%至45%。
- 一種聚氨酯樹脂,其是由如請求項1至6中任一項所述的製造方法所製得。
- 如請求項7所述的聚氨酯樹脂,其中,所述聚酯多元醇是由己二酸與丁二醇聚合而成,所述聚醚多元醇是分子鏈兩端具有一級羥基的直鏈聚醚多元醇。
- 如請求項7所述的聚氨酯樹脂,其中,所述聚氨酯樹脂包括一軟鏈段與一硬鏈段,所述軟鏈段的比例為75重量百分比至85重量百分比,所述硬鏈段的比例為15重量百分比至25重量百分比。
- 如請求項7所述的聚氨酯樹脂,其中,所述聚氨酯樹脂的黏度為20000 cps至30000 cps。
- 如請求項7所述的聚氨酯樹脂,其中,所述聚氨酯樹脂的重量平均分子量為90000克/莫耳至110000克/莫耳。
- 如請求項7所述的聚氨酯樹脂,其中,所述聚氨酯樹脂固化相對於一聚氨酯基材的剝離強度為12.0 kg/3cm至18.0 kg/3cm。
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