TW202407174A - 使用奈米粒子形成超晶格結構之方法 - Google Patents

使用奈米粒子形成超晶格結構之方法 Download PDF

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TW202407174A
TW202407174A TW112114656A TW112114656A TW202407174A TW 202407174 A TW202407174 A TW 202407174A TW 112114656 A TW112114656 A TW 112114656A TW 112114656 A TW112114656 A TW 112114656A TW 202407174 A TW202407174 A TW 202407174A
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silicon
epitaxial layer
forming
containing epitaxial
nanoparticles
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TW112114656A
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揚 德克斯
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荷蘭商Asm Ip私人控股有限公司
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Publication of TW202407174A publication Critical patent/TW202407174A/zh

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Abstract

本發明揭示一種使用奈米粒子形成結構之方法及系統,該結構包括一超晶格,該超晶格具有含矽磊晶層。例示性方法可包括原位形成奈米粒子,並將該奈米粒子沉積至一基板表面上,藉以形成該磊晶層。

Description

使用奈米粒子形成超晶格結構之方法
本發明大致上係關於一種適合用於形成電子裝置結構之方法、一種用於執行該方法之系統及一種使用該方法所形成之結構。更具體而言,本發明係關於一種用於形成結構之方法及系統,該結構包含矽磊晶層及包括前者之晶格結構。
近來由於致力於形成裝置密度增加、性能改善及/或成本較低的高性能裝置,已開發三維裝置(例如:全繞式閘極(gate-all-around, GAA)裝置或奈米線裝置)。
在形成GAA裝置的期間,可藉由依序磊晶生長SiGe層及Si層於基板表面上來形成交替之包含矽鍺的層(SiGe層)與包含矽的層(Si層)之堆疊結構或超晶格。這些層之部分可被蝕刻以形成(例如:矽)線,該線可形成GAA裝置的通道區。
對於一些應用來說,例如形成三維動態隨機存取記憶體(dynamic random-access memory, DRAM)裝置,所期待的是具有相對厚(例如:10至20微米)之超晶格。一般的磊晶沉積製程係相對較慢且耗時。因此,採用一般的製程來形成這種超晶格可導致極高的擁有成本。
據此,期待出現一種形成超晶格結構(例如:包括Si磊晶層與SiGe磊晶層之結構)之改良方法。
本節提出之任何討論,包括問題及解決方案的討論,僅為了提供本發明背景脈絡之目的而包含在本發明中。這類討論不應視為承認任何或全部資訊在完成本發明時為已知,或以其他方式構成先前技術。
本發明之各種實施例係關於一種形成結構之方法、一種使用此方法所形成之結構及裝置及一種用於執行該方法及/或用於形成該結構及/或裝置之設備。雖然以下將更詳細地討論本發明之各種實施例應對先前方法及結構之缺點的方式,但總體而言,例示性方法包括用於相對快速地形成超晶格結構(其包含具有二或更多種不同組成物之磊晶層)之技術,從而允許以較低的擁有成本來形成(使用此超晶格結構所製造之)裝置。
根據例示性實施例,本發明揭示一種形成超晶格結構之方法。例示性方法包括:提供一基板於一反應室中;藉由提供第一含矽奈米粒子至該基板之表面,形成一第一含矽磊晶層;藉由提供第二含矽奈米粒子,形成覆蓋於該第一含矽磊晶層上方之一第二含矽磊晶層;及重複形成第一含矽磊晶層與形成第二含矽磊晶層之步驟,以形成一超晶格。根據這些實施例之實例,該第一含矽磊晶層之組成物係有別於該第二含矽磊晶層之組成物。該第一含矽磊晶層可為或包括(例如)一本質或經摻雜之矽層。該第二含矽磊晶層可為或包括矽鍺。該第一含矽奈米粒子及/或該第二含矽奈米粒子可形成於該反應室中。舉例來說,該第一含矽奈米粒子及/或該第二含矽奈米粒子可使用一電漿輔助製程(例如:電漿輔助化學氣相沉積製程)來形成。該電漿輔助化學氣相沉積製程可包括(例如)使用一感應耦合電漿設備來形成一電漿。根據這些實施例之其他實例,該方法可包括一吹洗步驟,介於形成該第一含矽磊晶層與形成該第二含矽磊晶層之步驟之間。另外或替代地,該方法可包括形成一含碳層,介於形成該第一含矽磊晶層與形成該第二含矽磊晶層之步驟之間,及/或介於形成該第二含矽磊晶層與形成該第一含矽磊晶層之步驟之間。根據其他的實例,方法可包括蝕刻該超晶格,以形成一超晶格特徵。在這些情況中,方法可更包括選擇性地蝕刻該第一含矽磊晶層及該第二含矽磊晶層中之一或多者。
根據其他例示性實施例,本發明使用如本文中所述之方法來形成一種結構(例如:超晶格結構)。該結構可包括(例如)複數個包含矽的層及複數個包含矽鍺的層。
根據本發明之尚有額外的實例,揭示一種用以執行如本文所述之方法及/或用以形成一結構、裝置或任一者之部分的系統。
所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將可從以下某些實施例之實施方式並參照隨附之圖式而輕易明白這些及其他實施例。本發明並未受限於任何所揭示之具體實施例。
以下所提供之方法、結構及反應器系統之例示性實施例的描述僅係例示性,且僅意欲供說明之用;以下說明無意限制本發明或申請專利範圍之範疇。此外,詳述具有所述特徵之多個實施例不意欲排除其他具有額外特徵之實施例或其他併入所述特徵之不同組合的實施例。除非另有註明,否則可組合例示性實施例或其組分或可將其分開應用。
如以下所詳述,本發明之各種實施例提供一種用於形成結構之方法,其中所形成之結構適用於形成電子裝置。例示性方法可用以(例如)形成超晶格結構,該超晶格結構包括含有多個含矽磊晶層之一超晶格。舉例來說,這種超晶格結構可用於製造全繞式閘極(GAA)裝置或奈米線裝置,以適用於(例如)DRAM之應用。
在本發明中,「氣體」可包括一材料,其在常溫及常壓(normal temperature and pressure, NTP)下係氣體、汽化固體及/或汽化液體,並可取決於使用語境,而由單一氣體或多種氣體之混合物所構成。該製程氣體以外之氣體(亦即,非通過一氣體分配設備(例如:多埠注入系統等)所引入之氣體)可用於(例如)密封該反應空間,並可包括一密封氣體(例如:稀有氣體)。在一些情況下,用語「前驅物」可指一化合物,其參與化學反應而產生另一化合物或奈米粒子。用語「惰性氣體」可指一氣體,其不參與化學反應及/或不會在可察覺的程度上變為一膜之一部分或奈米粒子。例示性惰性氣體包括He、Ar、H 2、N 2及其任何組合。
如本文中所使用,用語「載氣」可指一氣體,其連同一或多種前驅物一起被提供至一反應器腔室。舉例來說,一載氣可連同本文所使用的一或多種前驅物一起被提供至該反應器腔室。例示性載氣包括N 2、H 2及稀有氣體(例如:He、Ne、Kr、Ar及Xe)。
如本文中所使用,用語「基板」可指任何(多個)底層材料,其可用以形成(或在其上形成)一裝置、一電路或一膜。一基板可包括一塊材(例如:矽(比如:單晶矽))、其他IV族材料(例如:鍺)或其他半導體材料(例如:II-VI族或III-V族半導體),且可包括覆蓋於該塊材上方或下方的一或多層。再者,該基板可包括各種特徵,例如:形成在該基板之層或表面的至少一部分之內或之上的凹部、凸部及類似者。
如本文中所使用,用語「磊晶層」可指一實質上單晶的層,其位於下方之實質上單晶的基板或層上。
如本文所使用,用語「化學氣相沉積」可指氣相反應發生以(例如)形成奈米粒子的任何製程。
如本文中所使用,用語「矽鍺」可指包含矽及鍺之半導體材料,並可表示為Si 1-xGe x,其中1≥x≥0,或0.8≥x≥0.1,或0.6≥x≥0.2;或者可指包含矽及鍺之材料,其具有如本文所述之組成物。
如本文中所使用,用語「膜」及/或「層」可指任何連續或非連續之結構及材料,例如:由本文所揭示之方法所沉積的材料。舉例來說,膜及/或層可包括二維材料、三維材料、奈米粒子或甚至部分或全部分子層、部分或全部原子層或原子簇及/或分子簇。膜或層可包含具有小孔的材料或層,其可以是至少部分連續的。
如本文所使用,用語「單晶的」可指稱包括實質上單一晶體之材料,亦即顯示長程序化之結晶材料。惟應理解,一單晶的材料可能不是完美的單一晶體,而是可包含各種缺陷、堆積缺陷、原子取代及類似者,只要該單晶的材料展現出長程序化即可。
如本文中所使用,用語「非單晶的」可指稱不包含實質上單一晶體的材料,亦即顯示該晶體結構之短程序化或無序化之材料。非單晶的材料可包含:可顯示短程序化之多晶材料,及可顯示實質上晶體結構無序化之非晶材料。
如本文中所使用,「結構」可包括如本文中所述之基板。結構可包括覆蓋於該基板上方之一或多層(例如:超晶格),例如:根據如本文中所述之方法所形成的一或多層。
再者,在本發明中,一變數之任兩個數字可構成該變數之一可工作範圍,且所指示之任何範圍可包括或排除端值。此外,所指示的變數之任何數值(不管該數值是否冠以「約」來指示)可指精確值或近似值並包括等效值,且可指平均值、中間值、代表值、多數值等。再者,在本發明的一些實施例中,用語「包括」、「由…所構成」及「具有」可獨立地指「一般或大體上包含」、「包含」、「基本上由…所組成」或「由…所組成」。在本發明的一些實施例中,任何已定義之涵義不必然排除尋常及慣用涵義。
如本文所用,用語「奈米粒子」係指具有約1奈米至約100奈米、或約1奈米至約50奈米、或約1奈米至約20奈米之尺寸(例如:截面、高度、寬度及/或長度)的粒子。
現參照圖式,圖1係根據本發明之例示性實施例繪示一方法100。方法100包括以下步驟:提供一基板於一反應室中(步驟102);藉由提供第一含矽奈米粒子至該基板之表面,形成一第一含矽磊晶層(步驟104);及藉由提供第二含矽奈米粒子,形成覆蓋於該第一含矽磊晶層上方之一第二含矽磊晶層(步驟106)。可根據需要,重複步驟104及步驟106(迴路108)若干次,以形成一堆疊結構,該堆疊結構包含的多個第一層中之其中一者與一或多個第二層交替。根據本發明之實例,步驟104及步驟106可重複約10次至約3000次、約50次至約1000次或約1000次至3000次。雖然所繪示的是步驟104在步驟106之前,但這些步驟的順序可以反過來。此外,無論哪個步驟最先,步驟104或步驟106可以是這些步驟中的最後步驟,使得該超晶格結構的一頂層可包括一第一層或一第二層。
如圖所示,方法100亦可包括吹洗步驟(步驟110、步驟112)。另外或替代地,方法100可包括形成一含碳層(步驟114)。另外或替代地,方法100可包括蝕刻步驟(步驟116、步驟118)。
在步驟102期間,提供一基板於一反應室中。該基板可包括(例如)一表面,其包含一單晶的含矽材料。該單晶的含矽材料可以是塊狀矽基板材料或一層(例如:矽層或矽鍺層)。
作為非限制性實例,在步驟102期間所使用之該反應室可包含一化學氣相沉積(例如:磊晶)系統之一反應室。舉例來說,該系統可包括一冷壁磊晶反應室。該系統可更包括電漿形成設備,例如:電源及線圈及/或電極。然而,亦可考慮利用其他反應室及替代的化學氣相沉積系統來執行本發明之實施例。該反應室可以是一獨立反應室或一集束型製程設備的部分。
步驟102可包括在該反應室中將該基板加熱至所需的沉積溫度。在本發明之一些實施例中,步驟102包括:將該基板加熱至低於大約1100℃之溫度、或至低於大約850℃之溫度、或至低於大約700℃之溫度、或至低於大約650℃之溫度、或至低於大約600℃之溫度、或至低於大約550℃之溫度、或至低於大約500℃之溫度、或至低於大約450℃之溫度、或至低於大約400℃之溫度、或甚至至低於大約300°C之溫度。舉例而言,在本發明之一些實施例中,將該基板加熱至一沉積溫度可包含:將該基板加熱至介於大約400℃與大約1100℃之間或介於大約400℃與大約600℃之間的溫度。
舉實例而言,可利用設在該反應室外部之紅外線燈來加熱一基座(其支撐一基板),藉以加熱該基板。該基板對紅外線(infrared, IR)輻射可相對透明,使得該輻射能夠穿過該基板並加熱下方的該基座。該基座可吸收該IR輻射轉化該IR輻射為熱,使得該經加熱之基座能夠將該基板加熱至一所需的溫度,例如上文所述之溫度。另外或替代地,可使用一基座加熱器(例如:一或多個電阻加熱器)來加熱一基板支座。另外或替代地,可使用一製程氣體及/或一熱交換器來加熱該基板。根據本發明之替代實例,可提供局部之能量至一基板表面,以選擇性地形成該第一含矽磊晶層及該第二含矽磊晶層中之一或多者。
除了控制該基板之溫度以外,亦可調節該反應室中之壓力。舉例而言,在本發明之一些實施例中,在步驟102期間,該反應室中之壓力可小於760托、或小於350托、或小於100托、或小於50托、或小於25托、或小於10托、或甚至小於5托。在一些實施例中,該反應室中之壓力可介於5托與760托之間、介於10托與200托之間、或介於10托與100托之間。步驟104及/或106中之溫度及/或壓力可相同或類似於步驟102之溫度及/或壓力。
藉由提供第一含矽奈米粒子至該基板之表面來形成一第一含矽磊晶層之步驟104可包括:原位(在該反應室中)形成該第一含矽奈米粒子或使奈米粒子流動至該反應室。舉例來說,提供該第一含矽奈米粒子之步驟可包括:形成該第一含矽奈米粒子於該反應室中,其係使用(例如)一第一電漿輔助化學氣相沉積製程,在其中奈米粒子被形成,且該奈米粒子隨後沉積在該基板之表面上,以形成該第一含矽磊晶層。
形成該第一含矽磊晶層之步驟可包括(例如)形成一本質或經摻雜之矽層。在形成一本質之矽層的情況中,可(例如)藉由提供一矽前驅物至該反應室及形成一電漿於該反應室中來形成該第一含矽奈米粒子。該電漿可以是直接或間接的電漿。亦可提供一反應物(例如:氫或類似者)及/或一稀有氣體至該反應室。可以脈衝輸送該矽前驅物、該反應物(若有的話)、該稀有氣體及(用來形成該電漿之)該功率中之一或多者之任何組合。在進行脈衝輸送時,一前驅物脈衝之持續時間可介於約0.01秒與約10秒之間或約0.1秒與約1.0秒之間;一反應物脈衝之持續時間可介於約0.01秒與約10秒之間或約0.1秒與約1秒之間;一稀有氣體脈衝之持續時間可介於約0.001秒與約1.0秒之間或約0.01秒與約0.1秒之間;一功率脈衝之持續時間可介於約1微秒與約1秒之間或介於約100微秒與約10毫秒之間。
該電漿功率之頻率可在約100 kHz與約1 GHz之間。在一些情況中,可使用多種頻率之電漿功率來生成一電漿。在一些情況中,該電漿功率可以是一射頻功率、一微波功率或兩者。在一些情況中,該電漿功率可具有13.56 MHz、27 MHz或兩者之基本頻率。該電漿功率之波形可以是正弦或非正弦之形狀。非正弦形狀之實例包括正方形、三角形、鋸齒狀等。
除了電漿功率之外,可施加一偏壓至一基板支架或基座。舉例來說,可使用一直流電壓源來提供(例如)一負偏壓至該基板支座,以吸引帶正電的奈米粒子朝向該基板。另外或替代地,可施加一交流偏壓(例如:來自一交流電源)至該基板支座。在一些情況中,可不施加偏壓至該基板支座。在這些情況中,該方法可依靠大部分帶正電荷之奈米粒子及本質地被負偏壓之該基板支座。
為了形成該第一含矽奈米粒子於該反應室中,該矽前驅物之分壓可相對較高。舉例來說,該分壓可介於約0.01托與約10托之間,或介於約0.1介於與約1.0托之間,或可介於約0.5介於與約5托之間。
當形成該第一含矽磊晶層包含形成一經摻雜矽層時,可在形成該第一含矽磊晶層之步驟期間提供一摻雜劑前驅物至該反應室。舉例來說,該摻雜劑前驅物與該矽前驅物可以重疊之方式提供,使得經摻雜之矽奈米粒子形成,且隨後沉積至該基板之表面上。舉例來說,可提供該矽前驅物及該摻雜劑前驅物兩者至該反應室,並持續實質上相同的時間段。
適合用於形成該第一含矽奈米粒子之例示性矽前驅物包括矽烷及鹵化矽。在一些實施例中,該鹵化矽化合物可包括(例如)鹵化矽,其具有以下給定之通式:Si xW yH z,其中「W」係一鹵化物,其選自由氟(F)、氯(Cl)、溴(Br)及碘(I)所組成之群組,「x」及「y」係大於零的整數,且「z」係大於或等於零的整數。舉例來說,x可介於1與4之間,y可介於1與2x+2之間,而z可介於0與2x+2-y之間。在一些實施例中,該鹵化矽前驅物可包含矽烷,例如具有式Si xH (2x+2)之矽烷。舉實例而言,該矽前驅物可為或包括:四氯化矽(SiCl 4)、三氯矽烷(SiCl 3H)、二氯矽烷(SiCl 2H 2)、單氯矽烷(SiClH 3)、六氯二矽烷(HCDS)、八氯三矽烷(OCTS)、碘化矽或溴化矽。
根據其他實例,該矽前驅物可包括:胺系前驅物,例如:六(乙胺基)二矽烷(AHEAD)、SiH[N(CH 3) 2] 3(3DMASi)、雙(二乙胺基)矽烷(BDEAS)、二-異丙基胺基矽烷;或氧基矽烷系前驅物,例如:四乙氧矽烷(Si(OC2H5)4)。在一些情況下,該矽前驅物可包括二或更多種前驅物,諸如,例如:鹵化前驅物(比如:上文所述之鹵化矽化合物)及矽烷前驅物。
例示性摻雜劑前驅物包括一般的n型及p型摻雜劑,例如砷、膦等。
在步驟104期間,提供第一含矽奈米粒子至該基板表面。當該奈米粒子接觸該基板表面時,多個小塊之第一含矽材料可形成於該基板表面上,且最終聚結成一連續的第一含矽磊晶層。該第一含矽磊晶層可以是單晶的,且係作為其他磊晶層(例如:在步驟106期間所形成,且如迴路108中所重複)之模板。在一些情況下,該整個第一層可以是單晶的。在一些情況下,該第一層可在一些區域中形成為非單晶的材料。
該第一含矽磊晶層之厚度可介於大於零或約2奈米與約10奈米之間、介於約2奈米與約20奈米之間、或介於約2奈米與約100奈米之間。
藉由提供第二含矽奈米粒子來形成覆蓋於該第一含矽磊晶層上方之一第二含矽磊晶層的步驟106可類似於步驟104,除了該第一含矽磊晶層之組成物係有別於該第二含矽磊晶層之組成物之外。該第一含矽磊晶層及該第二含矽磊晶層之不同組成物可使得該些層中的一者能夠相對於該第一含矽磊晶層及該第二含矽磊晶層中之另一者進行選擇性地蝕刻。步驟106可包括(例如)形成一矽鍺層。
如同步驟104,步驟106可包括原位形成該第二含矽奈米粒子(例如:使用一第二電漿輔助化學氣相沉積製程),或提供該第二含矽奈米粒子至該反應室。再者,步驟106可包括最初形成一小塊之第二含矽材料,其可聚結以形成一單晶的第二含矽磊晶層。
步驟106與步驟104可在相同的反應室中進行。或者,步驟106可在另一反應室(例如:在步驟104期間所用之該反應室所屬之集束型製程設備中之另一反應室,或另一反應器系統之另一反應室)中進行。步驟106的溫度及/或壓力可相同或類似於上述有關步驟102之溫度及/或壓力。
在形成該第二含矽奈米粒子時,該第二含矽奈米粒子可以類似於上述方式的方式來形成。舉例來說,可提供一矽前驅物、一摻雜物前驅物(若有的話)、一鍺前驅物及可選地一惰性氣體及/或一反應物至該反應室,且可形成一電漿於該反應室中,藉此形成包含第二含矽材料(例如:矽鍺)的奈米粒子。根據本發明的其他實例,可形成或使用其他矽組成物或合金作為該第一或第二含矽奈米粒子或該第一或第二含矽磊晶層。
該矽前驅物、反應物(若有的話)及稀有氣體可相同或類似於上述有關步驟104者。例示性鍺前驅物包括:各種鍺烷,例如:甲鍺烷(GeH 4)、乙鍺烷(Ge 2H 6)、丙鍺烷(Ge 3H 8)或鍺基矽烷(GeH 6Si),及鹵素化合物(例如:GeBr 4),或其他合適的含鍺前驅物。舉具體實例而言,該鍺前驅物可包括鍺烷及四氯化鍺(GeCl 4)或GeCl xH 4-x中之一或多者。
該矽前驅物之電漿功率及分壓可如上所述。此外,在步驟106期間,可如上所述以脈衝輸送該矽前驅物、任何反應物、任何稀有氣體及/或電漿功率中之一或多者。此外,可如上文所述施加(或不施加)偏壓至該基板或基板支座。
當形成包含矽鍺之第二含矽奈米粒子時,該矽前驅物及該鍺前驅物之體積流量及流量比可根據該第二層之所需組成物而改變。
例示性第二含矽磊晶層可包括約70至約80原子百分比、或約70至約90原子百分比、或約70至約99原子百分比的矽;及/或約1至約30原子百分比、或約5至約20原子百分比、或約15至約30原子百分比、或約20至約30原子百分比的鍺。在一些實施例中,該第二含矽磊晶層內的鍺含量可不固定,而是會變化的,使得該鍺含量(及/或其他組分)可在該第一層內具有漸變的組成物。在原位形成該第二含矽奈米粒子之期間,可藉由(例如)操縱該矽前驅物及該鍺前驅物中之一或多者的流量來實現該漸變效果。
在步驟106期間所形成之該第二含矽磊晶層的厚度可介於大於零或約2奈米與約4奈米之間、介於2奈米與約10奈米之間、介於約2奈米與約20奈米之間、或介於約2奈米與約100奈米之間。
在一些情況下,在步驟104及步驟106中之其中一者期間,可提供稀釋氣體或惰性氣體或反應物氣體(例如:氫氣)至該反應室。在一些情況下,在步驟104、步驟106及迴路108之期間,可使該稀釋氣體或惰性氣體或反應物氣體連續地流動至該反應室。
如圖1所繪示,方法100可包括步驟104之後的吹洗110,及/或步驟106之後的吹洗112。吹洗步驟110、112可以按時間或按空間或按兩者進行。舉例來說,在時間性吹洗的情況下,可使用一吹洗步驟,例如,在該基板不動的情況下,按時間依序提供一吹洗氣體至該反應室。在空間性吹洗之情況下,一吹洗步驟可包括:使一基板從一第一位置經過一吹洗氣簾而移動至一第二位置。
方法100亦可包括蝕刻該超晶格以形成一超晶格特徵之步驟116。舉實例而言,可使用一反應性離子蝕刻(例如:採用SF 6或NF 3電漿之反應性離子蝕刻)來蝕刻該超晶格。
方法100亦可包括選擇性地蝕刻該第一含矽磊晶層及該第二含矽磊晶層中之一或多者的步驟118。舉例來說,步驟118可包括提供一蝕刻劑(例如:含氯之氣體(比如,HCl或Cl 2))至該反應室或至另一反應室。
在一些實例中,方法100亦可包括形成一碳(例如:石墨烯)層之步驟106。一般認為碳層之形成有助於使該第一含矽磊晶層與該第二含矽磊晶層之間的界面處之缺陷局部化。該碳層可藉由(例如)提供一碳前驅物及可選地一反應物至該反應室來形成。例示性碳前驅物包括脂族及芳族烴。脂族烴之實例包括:烷類(例如:CH 4及C 2H6)、烯類(例如:C 2H 4)及炔類(例如:C 2H 2)。芳族烴之實例包括:苯及苯衍生物(例如:甲苯)。例示性反應物包括:氫(H 2)、氫自由基、稀有氣體自由基、稀有氣體離子、碳自由基、氫離子及碳離子。這些自由基及離子可(例如)使用一電漿來產生。雖然未單獨繪示,但方法100可包括一吹洗步驟,在步驟114之後且在步驟106之前。此外,儘管方法100係被繪示成步驟114在步驟104之後,但步驟114可另外或替代地在步驟106之後進行。
圖2係根據本發明之例示性實施例繪示一結構200。結構200可使用方法100來形成。結構200包括一基板202及複數個形成在基板202上方之磊晶層204至218。根據本發明之實例,結構200包括複數個第一或第二含矽磊晶層204、208、212及216,與複數個其他的第一或第二含矽磊晶層206、210、214及218交替。如上所述,在一些情況中,一結構(例如:結構200)可額外包括一或多個碳層,介於一第一含矽磊晶層與一第二含矽磊晶層之間。此外,該第一或第二磊晶層204至218中之一或多者可包括一或多種摻雜劑。根據本發明之具體實例,該第一或第二磊晶層204至218中之其中一者基本上由矽所組成,且該第一或第二含矽磊晶層中之另一者基本上由矽鍺所組成。
結構200可用於三維裝置(例如:全繞式閘極或奈米線裝置)之形成。
圖3及圖4係根據本發明之又其他例示性實施例繪示一反應器系統(或簡稱為系統)300。圖3繪示一配置,在其中奈米粒子可在垂直(或實質上垂直)方向上衝擊一基板之一表面。圖4繪示系統300之一配置,在其中奈米粒子可傾斜地衝擊一基板之一表面。根據本發明之其他實例,其他系統配置包括其他配置,例如:在其中電漿係側向形成於該基板上游之配置。
系統300可用以執行方法100之各種步驟。舉例來說,系統300可用以執行步驟102至118中之一或多者,且具體來說是步驟102至112,且更確切地說是步驟102、104、110、106、112及108。
在所繪示之實例中,系統300包括一或多個反應室302、一第一氣體入口304及可選地一第二氣體入口306。系統300亦包括一電漿設備307、一排氣源308及一控制器310。
系統300可包括任何合適數目之反應室302。再者,一或多個反應室302可為或包括一電漿輔助磊晶反應室。(多個)反應室302可由任何合適材料形成,例如石英、氧化鋁、碳化矽、氮化矽或氮化硼。舉例來說,(多個)反應室302可由立方氮化硼形成。
第一氣體入口304可經配置以提供一或多種氣體至反應室302之一内部空間309,其中該一或多種氣體可經受電漿激發。第二氣體入口306可經配置以提供一或多種氣體至該反應室,其中該一或多種氣體繞過電漿激發。
在所繪示之實例中,系統300包括一感應耦合電漿設備307。在此情況中,電漿設備307包括一電漿電源312及一線圈314。電漿電源312可如上所述提供一電漿功率。雖然繪示成一單一電源,但電漿電源312可包括一或多個發電機,以提供一或多種頻率之電漿功率。
系統300亦可包括一基板偏壓電源316。基板偏壓電源316係繪示成一直流(direct current, DC)偏壓源。根據本發明之其他實例,基板偏壓電源316可額外或替代地包括一交流(alternating current, AC)偏壓源,以促進所需之奈米粒子撞擊在一基板支座318上之一基板上。根據所繪示之實施例的實例,基板偏壓電源316施加負或淨負偏壓於基板支座318上。
排氣源308可包括一或多個真空泵。
系統300亦可包括一或多個燈320,以加熱基板支座318及/或其上的一或多個基板至所需的溫度。
控制器310可經配置以執行如本文中所述之各種功能及/或步驟。舉例來說,控制器310可經配置以控制氣流進入反應室302,以形成一第一含矽磊晶層(藉由提供第一含矽奈米粒子提供至該基板之表面),形成覆蓋於該第一含矽磊晶層上方之一第二含矽磊晶層(藉由提供第二含矽奈米粒子),並重複形成該第一含矽磊晶層與形成該第二含矽磊晶層之步驟,以形成一超晶格,進而形成如本文所述之超晶格結構。
控制器310可包括一或多個微處理器、記憶體元件及/或開關元件,以執行各種功能。雖然被繪示成一單一機組,控制器310可替代地包含多個裝置。舉實例而言,控制器310可用以控制氣流(例如:藉由監控前驅物及/或其他氣體及/或控制閥、馬達、加熱器等)。再者,當系統300包括二或更多個反應室時,該二或更多個反應室可結合至相同/共用的控制器。
在反應器系統300之操作期間,基板(例如:半導體晶圓,未圖示)係從例如一基板搬運系統(未圖示)轉移至反應室302。一旦(多個)基板被轉移至反應室302後,隨即將一或多種氣體(例如:前驅物、載氣、蝕刻劑及/或吹洗氣體)引入反應室302中。如上所述,在至少一些情況中,系統300係被配置成形成奈米粒子,其隨後沉積在一基板之表面上,以形成一磊晶層。
上述之本發明的實例實施例並未限制本發明之範疇,因為這些實施例僅係本發明之實施例的實例,本發明的範疇係由隨附之申請專利範圍及其法律均等物界定。任何等效實施例係意欲屬於本發明之範疇。實際上,除了本文中所示及所述者之外,所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者還可由實施方式輕易明白本發明之各種修改,例如所述之元件(例如:步驟)之替代可用組合。這些修改及實施例亦意欲屬於隨附申請專利範圍之範疇。
100:方法 102,104,106,110,112,114,116,118:步驟 108:迴路 200:結構 202:基板 204-218:磊晶層 300:系統 302:反應室 304:第一氣體入口 306:第二氣體入口 307:電漿設備 308:排氣源 309:内部空間 310:控制器 312:電漿電源 314:線圈 316:基板偏壓電源 318:基板支座 320:燈
當參酌隨後之示意性圖式考慮時,可藉由參照實施方式及申請專利範圍而對本發明之實施例有更完整的瞭解。 [圖1]繪示依據本發明之例示性實施例的方法。 [圖2]繪示依據本發明之例示性實施例的結構。 [圖3及圖4]繪示依據本發明之其他例示性實施例的反應器系統。
將理解,圖式中之元件係為了簡明及清楚起見而繪示,且不一定按比例繪製。舉例來說,圖式中之一些元件的尺寸可能相對於其他元件特別放大,以幫助改善對所繪示之本發明之實施例的理解
100:方法
102,104,106,110,112,114,116,118:步驟
108:迴路

Claims (21)

  1. 一種形成超晶格結構之方法,該方法包含: 提供一基板於一反應室; 藉由提供複數個第一含矽奈米粒子至該基板之一表面,形成一第一含矽磊晶層; 藉由提供複數個第二含矽奈米粒子,形成覆蓋於該第一含矽磊晶層上方之一第二含矽磊晶層;及 重複形成該第一含矽磊晶層與形成該第二含矽磊晶層之步驟,以形成一超晶格, 其中該第一含矽磊晶層之組成物係有別於該第二含矽磊晶層之組成物。
  2. 如請求項1所述之方法,其中形成該第一含矽磊晶層之步驟包含:形成一本質或經摻雜之矽層。
  3. 如請求項1或請求項2所述之方法,其中形成該第二含矽磊晶層之步驟包含:形成包含矽鍺之一層。
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項所述之方法,其中該第一含矽磊晶層及該第二含矽磊晶層中之其中一者可相對於該第一含矽磊晶層及該第二含矽磊晶層中之另一者被選擇性地蝕刻。
  5. 如請求項1至4中任一項所述之方法,其中提供該些第一含矽奈米粒子之步驟包含:形成該些第一含矽奈米粒子於該反應室中。
  6. 如請求項5所述之方法,其中形成該些第一含矽奈米粒子於該反應室中之步驟包含:一第一電漿輔助化學氣相沉積製程。
  7. 如請求項1至6中任一項所述之方法,其中提供該些第二含矽奈米粒子之步驟包含:形成該些第二含矽奈米粒子於該反應室中。
  8. 如請求項7所述之方法,其中形成該些第二含矽奈米粒子於該反應室中之步驟包含:一第二電漿輔助化學氣相沉積製程。
  9. 如請求項1至8中任一項所述之方法,其中在形成該第一含矽磊晶層之步驟與形成該第二含矽磊晶層之步驟中之一或多者的期間,該基板係被施加偏壓。
  10. 如請求項6至9中任一項所述之方法,其中該第一電漿輔助化學氣相沉積製程或該第二電漿輔助化學氣相沉積製程中之一或多者包含:使用一感應耦合電漿設備形成一電漿。
  11. 如請求項1至10中任一項所述之方法,更包含一吹洗步驟,介於形成該第一含矽磊晶層之步驟與形成該第二含矽磊晶層之步驟之間。
  12. 如請求項1至11中任一項所述之方法,更包含形成一含碳層之步驟,介於形成該第一含矽磊晶層之步驟與形成該第二含矽磊晶層之步驟之間。
  13. 如請求項12所述之方法,其中該含碳層包含石墨烯。
  14. 如請求項1至13中任一項所述之方法,其中該第一含矽磊晶層及該第二含矽磊晶層中之一或多者包含一矽合金。
  15. 如請求項1至14中任一項所述之方法,其中該第一含矽磊晶層及該第二含矽磊晶層中之一或多者包含一摻雜劑。
  16. 如請求項1至15中任一項所述之方法,其中該基板係使用一基座加熱器、一紅外線燈、一製程氣體及一熱交換器中之一或多者加熱。
  17. 如請求項1至16中任一項所述之方法,更包含:提供局部之能量至該基板之一部分,以選擇性地形成該第一含矽磊晶層及該第二含矽磊晶層中之一或多者。
  18. 如請求項1至17中任一項所述的方法,更包含:蝕刻該超晶格以形成一超晶格特徵。
  19. 如請求項18所述之方法,更包含:選擇性地蝕刻該第一含矽磊晶層及該第二含矽磊晶層中之其中一者之步驟。
  20. 如請求項1至19中任一項所述之方法,其中該第一含矽磊晶層基本上係由矽所組成,且該第二含矽磊晶層基本上係由矽鍺所組成。
  21. 一種超晶格結構,其係根據如請求項1至20中任一項所述之方法所形成。
TW112114656A 2022-04-27 2023-04-20 使用奈米粒子形成超晶格結構之方法 TW202407174A (zh)

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