TW202401972A - Power supply device with tunable heat dissipation function - Google Patents

Abstract

A power supply device with a tunable heat dissipation function includes a bridge rectifier, a transformer, a power switch element, an output stage circuit, a fan element, and a detection and control circuit. The bridge rectifier generates a rectified voltage according to a first input voltage and a second input voltage. The transformer includes a main coil and a secondary coil. The main coil receives the rectified voltage. The secondary coil generates an induced voltage. The output stage circuit generates an output voltage according to the induced voltage. The fan element has a fan rotational speed. If the power supply device operates in a light-load mode, the detection and control circuit will set the fan rotational speed to a constant value. If the power supply device operates in a heavy-load mode, the detection and control circuit will dynamically adjust the fan rotational speed according to the rectified voltage.

Description

Power supply with adjustable cooling function

The present invention relates to a power supply, and in particular to a power supply with adjustable heat dissipation function.

In a traditional power supply, the fan element has a fixed rotational speed. However, under fixed heat dissipation conditions, if the input current of the power supply increases or the output current is fully loaded, it will easily cause higher heat loss and poor temperature response. In view of this, it is necessary to propose a new solution to overcome the shortcomings of previous technologies.

In a preferred embodiment, the present invention proposes a power supply with adjustable heat dissipation function, including: a bridge rectifier that generates a rectified potential based on a first input potential and a second input potential; a transformer including a main A coil and a secondary coil, wherein the primary coil receives the rectified potential, and the secondary coil generates an induced potential; a power switch selectively couples the primary coil to the primary coil according to a pulse width modulation potential. a ground potential; an output stage circuit that generates an output potential based on the induced potential, wherein an output current flows through the output stage circuit; a detection and control circuit that generates the pulse width modulation potential, wherein the The detection and control circuit further determines whether the power supply operates in a light load mode or a heavy load mode based on the output current; and a fan component has a fan speed; if the power supply operates in the light load mode If the power supply operates in the heavy load mode, the detection and control circuit will dynamically adjust the fan speed according to the rectification potential. The fan speed.

In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiments of the present invention are listed below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Certain words are used in the specification and patent claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art will understand that hardware manufacturers may use different names to refer to the same component. This specification and the patent application do not use differences in names as a way to distinguish components, but differences in functions of components as a criterion for distinction. The words "include" and "include" mentioned throughout the specification and the scope of the patent application are open-ended terms, and therefore should be interpreted as "include but not limited to." The term "approximately" means that within an acceptable error range, those skilled in the art can solve the technical problem and achieve the basic technical effect within a certain error range. In addition, the word "coupling" in this specification includes any direct and indirect electrical connection means. Therefore, if a first device is coupled to a second device, it means that the first device can be directly electrically connected to the second device, or indirectly electrically connected to the second device via other devices or connections. Two devices.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, the power supply 100 can be applied to a desktop computer or an all-in-one computer. As shown in FIG. 1 , the power supply 100 includes: a bridge rectifier 110 , a transformer 120 , a power switch 130 , an output stage circuit 140 , a fan component 150 , and a detection and control circuit 160 . It should be noted that, although not shown in FIG. 1 , the power supply 100 may further include other components, such as a voltage regulator or/and a negative feedback circuit.

The bridge rectifier 110 can generate a rectified potential VR according to a first input potential VIN1 and a second input potential VIN2, wherein one of the first input potential VIN1 and the second input potential VIN2 can have any frequency and any amplitude. AC voltage. For example, the frequency of the AC voltage can be about 50Hz or 60Hz, and the root mean square value of the AC voltage can be about 90V to 264V, but it is not limited thereto. The transformer 120 includes a primary coil 121 and a secondary coil 122. The primary coil 121 may be located on one side of the transformer 120, and the secondary coil 122 may be located on the opposite side of the transformer 120. The primary coil 121 can receive the rectified potential VR, and in response, the secondary coil 122 can generate an induced potential VS. The power switch 130 can selectively couple the main coil 121 to a ground potential VSS (eg, 0V) according to a pulse width modulation (PWM) potential VM. For example, if the pulse width modulation potential VM is a high logic level, the power switch 130 can couple the main coil 121 to the ground potential VSS (that is, the power switch 130 can be approximately a short-circuit path); otherwise , if the pulse width modulation potential VM is a low logic level, the power switch 130 will not couple the main coil 121 to the ground potential VSS (that is, the power switch 130 can be approximated as a break path). The output stage circuit 140 can generate an output potential VOUT according to the induced potential VS, and an output current IOUT can flow through the output stage circuit 140 . For example, the output potential VOUT may be a DC potential, and its potential level may be between 18V and 20V, but is not limited thereto. The fan element 150 has a fan speed FS, which is adjustable. The detection and control circuit 160 can generate the aforementioned pulse width modulation potential VM. In addition, the detection and control circuit 160 can further determine whether the power supply 100 operates in a light load mode or a heavy load mode according to the output current IOUT. If the power supply 100 operates in the light load mode, the detection and control circuit 160 can set the fan speed FS of the fan component 150 to a fixed value; conversely, if the power supply 100 operates in the heavy load mode, the detection and control circuit 160 can set the fan speed FS of the fan element 150 to a fixed value. The control circuit 160 can dynamically adjust the fan speed FS of the fan element 150 according to the rectification potential VR. Under this design, the power supply 100 will be able to appropriately control the fan element 150 according to its different operating states, thereby achieving optimal heat dissipation.

The following embodiments will introduce the detailed structure and operation of the power supply 100 . It must be understood that these drawings and descriptions are only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a power supply 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the power supply 200 has a first input node NIN1, a second input node NIN2, and an output node NOUT, and includes: a bridge rectifier 210 , a transformer 220, a power switch 230, an output stage circuit 240, a fan component 250, and a detection and control circuit 260. The first input node NIN1 and the second output node NIN2 of the power supply 200 can respectively receive a first input potential VIN1 and a second input potential VIN2 from an external input power source, and the output node NOUT of the power supply 200 can be An output potential VOUT is output to an electronic device (not shown).

The bridge rectifier 210 includes a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, and a fourth diode D4. The first diode D1 has an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the first diode D1 is coupled to the first input node NIN1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is coupled to a first node N1 To output the rectified potential VR. The second diode D2 has an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the second diode D2 is coupled to the second input node NIN2, and the cathode of the second diode D2 is coupled to the first node N1. The third diode D3 has an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the third diode D3 is coupled to a ground potential VSS, and the cathode of the third diode D3 is coupled to the first input node NIN1. The fourth diode D4 has an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the fourth diode D4 is coupled to the ground potential VSS, and the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is coupled to the second input node NIN2.

The transformer 220 includes a primary coil 221 and a secondary coil 222, wherein the transformer 220 may further have a built-in magnetizing inductor LM. The exciting inductor LM may be an inherent component produced when the transformer 220 is manufactured, and is not an external independent component. The main coil 221 and the exciting inductor LM can be located on the same side of the transformer 220 (for example, the primary side), while the secondary coil 222 can be located on the opposite side of the transformer 220 (for example, the secondary side, which can be connected to the primary side). isolated). The main coil 221 has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the main coil 221 is coupled to the first node N1 to receive the rectified potential VR, and the second end of the main coil 221 is coupled to a first node N1. Two nodes N2. The exciting inductor LM has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the exciting inductor LM is coupled to the first node N1, and the second end of the exciting inductor LM is coupled to the second node N2 . The secondary coil 222 has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the secondary coil 222 is coupled to a third node N3 to output an induced potential VS, and the second end of the secondary coil 222 is coupled to A common node NCM. For example, the common node NCM can be regarded as another ground potential, which can be the same as or different from the aforementioned ground potential VSS.

The power switch 230 includes a first transistor M1. For example, the first transistor M1 may be an N-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (NMOSFET). The first transistor M1 has a control terminal (for example: a gate), a first terminal (for example: a source), and a second terminal (for example: a drain), wherein the control terminal of the first transistor M1 The terminal is used to receive a pulse width modulation potential VM. The first terminal of the first transistor M1 is coupled to the ground potential VSS, and the second terminal of the first transistor M1 is coupled to the second node N2. .

The output stage circuit 240 includes a fifth diode D5, a first resistor R1, and an output capacitor CO. The fifth diode D5 has an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the fifth diode D5 is coupled to the third node N3 to receive the induced potential VS, and the cathode of the fifth diode D5 is coupled to the output Node NOUT. The first resistor R1 has a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the first resistor R1 is coupled to the common node NCM, and the second terminal of the first resistor R1 is coupled to a node. The detection node ND is used to output a detection potential VD. The output capacitor CO has a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the output capacitor CO is coupled to the output node NOUT, and the second terminal of the output capacitor CO is coupled to the detection node ND. In addition, an output current IOUT may flow through the first resistor R1. According to Ohm's law, the detection potential VD can be directly proportional to the output current IOUT. Therefore, the detection and control circuit 260 can obtain relevant information about the output current IOUT by analyzing the detection potential VD.

The fan component 250 has a fan speed FS, which can be controlled by the detection and control circuit 260 . In some embodiments, the fan speed FS is defined in revolutions per minute (RPM).

The detection and control circuit 260 includes: a microcontroller unit (MCU) 270, a second transistor M2, a third transistor M3, a second resistor R2, and a third resistor R3. For example, the second transistor M2 and the third transistor M3 may each be an N-type MOSFET.

The second transistor M2 has a control terminal (for example, a gate), a first terminal (for example, a source), and a second terminal (for example, a drain), wherein the control terminal of the second transistor M2 The terminal is used to receive a control potential VC, the first terminal of the second transistor M2 is coupled to a fourth node N4, and the second terminal of the second transistor M2 is used to receive the pulse width modulation potential. VM. The second resistor R2 has a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second resistor R2 is coupled to the fourth node N4, and the second terminal of the second resistor R2 is coupled to a The fifth node N5. The third transistor M3 has a control terminal (for example: a gate), a first terminal (for example: a source), and a second terminal (for example: a drain), wherein the control terminal of the third transistor M3 The terminal is used to receive the detection potential VD, the first terminal of the third transistor M3 is coupled to the fifth node N5, and the second terminal of the third transistor M3 is coupled to a sixth node N6. The third resistor R3 has a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the third resistor R3 is coupled to the sixth node N6, and the second terminal of the third resistor R3 is used to receive a Speed adjustment potential VP.

In detail, the microcontroller 270 includes a pulse width modulation generation module 272, a comparison module 274, an average module 276, and a mapping module 278, where the mapping module 278 can store a comparison table 279 . For example, each module in the microcontroller 270 can be implemented by software programs, hardware circuits, or by integrating software and hardware with each other.

The pulse width modulation generation module 272 can be used to generate the pulse width modulation potential VM and output it to the first transistor M1 and the second transistor M2. The pulse width modulation potential VM may have a constant duty cycle, such as 50%.

The comparison module 274 can compare the detection potential VD with a maximum detection potential VDMAX. For example, the maximum detection potential VDMAX may be equal to the product of the maximum value of the output current IOUT and the resistance value of the first resistor R1. If the detection potential VD does not reach the maximum detection potential VDMAX (that is, VD < VDMAX), it means that the power supply 200 may be operating in a light load mode, and the comparison module 274 will be able to output a control with a high logic level. Potential VC. On the contrary, if the detection potential VD has reached the maximum detection potential VDMAX (that is, VD=VDMAX), it means that the power supply 200 may operate in a heavy load mode (or a full load mode), and the comparison module 274 will be able to Outputs a control potential VC with a low logic level.

The average module 276 can generate an average potential VAV according to the rectified potential VR. For example, the average potential VAV may be equal to an average value of the rectified potential VR within a period of time. The mapping module 278 can query the comparison table 279 according to the average potential VAV to generate the rotation speed adjustment potential VP and adjust its duty cycle. Then, the mapping module 278 can further output the aforementioned rotation speed adjustment potential VP to the third resistor R3.

In some embodiments, the power supply 200 can operate in either a light load mode or a heavy load mode, and the operating principle is as follows.

In the light load mode, the output current IOUT of the output stage circuit 240 is relatively small, so the detection potential VD does not reach the maximum detection potential VDMAX. At this time, the second transistor M2 is enabled, and the third transistor M3 is disabled. Since the fan element 250 is controlled by the pulse width modulation potential VM with a constant duty cycle, the fan speed FS of the fan element 250 will be maintained at a fixed value.

In the heavy load mode, the output current IOUT of the output stage circuit 240 is relatively large, so the detection potential VD can reach the maximum detection potential VDMAX. At this time, the second transistor M2 is disabled, and the third transistor M3 is enabled. Since the fan element 250 is controlled by the speed adjustment potential VP with a variable duty cycle, the fan speed FS of the fan element 250 can be appropriately adjusted according to different usage requirements.

Figure 3 shows a signal waveform diagram when the power supply 200 operates in a heavy load mode according to an embodiment of the present invention. As mentioned above, in the heavy load mode, the microcontroller 270 can dynamically adjust the fan speed FS of the fan element 250 according to the average potential VAV of the rectified potential VR. On the premise that the input power remains unchanged, if the average potential VAV is relatively low, it means that the input current of one of the power supplies 200 is relatively large, so it must correspond to a stronger heat dissipation function; conversely, if the average potential VAV is relatively high , it means that the input current of the power supply 200 is relatively small, so it can correspond to a weak heat dissipation function.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the power supply 200 can sequentially operate in a first phase T1 , a second phase T2 , a third phase T3 , and a fourth phase T4 . According to the measurement results in Figure 3, it can be seen that the fan speed FS of each stage is determined based on the average potential VAV of the previous stage. For example, because the average potential VAV decreases in the second stage T2, in the third stage T3, the duty cycle of the rotation speed adjustment potential VP will become longer and the fan rotation speed FS of the fan element 250 will become faster. For another example, because the average potential VAV increases in the third stage T3, in the fourth stage T4, the duty cycle of the speed adjustment potential VP will become smaller and the fan speed FS of the fan element 250 will become slower. Under this design, the power supply 200 can optimize its overall heat dissipation efficiency.

In some embodiments, when the power supply 200 operates in the heavy load mode, the relationship between the duty cycle of the average potential VAV, the fan speed FS, and the speed adjustment potential VP can be described in Table 1 below: Average potential VAV Fan speed FS Responsibility period of speed adjustment potential VP 210V 400RPM 14% 200V 420RPM 20% 190V 440RPM 26% 180V 460RPM 32% 170V 480RPM 38% 160V 500RPM 44% 150V 520RPM 50% 140V 540RPM 56% 130V 560RPM 62% 120V 580RPM 68% 110V 600RPM 74% 100V 620RPM 80% 90V 640RPM 86% Table 1: The correlation between the average potential, fan speed, and the duty cycle of the speed adjustment potential

The present invention proposes a novel power supply with adjustable heat dissipation function. According to actual measurement results, the safety and operating efficiency of the power supply using the above-mentioned design can be greatly improved, so it is very suitable for use in various types of devices.

It is worth noting that the above-mentioned potential, current, resistance value, inductance value, capacitance value, and other component parameters are not limiting conditions of the present invention. Designers can adjust these settings according to different needs. The power supply of the present invention is not limited to the state shown in Figures 1-3. The present invention may only include any one or multiple features of any one or multiple embodiments of Figures 1-3. In other words, not all features shown in the figures need to be implemented in the power supply of the present invention at the same time. Although the embodiment of the present invention uses a metal oxide semi-field effect transistor as an example, the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can use other types of transistors, such as junction field effect transistors or fins. type field effect transistor, etc., without affecting the effect of the present invention.

The ordinal numbers in this specification and the scope of the patent application, such as "first", "second", "third", etc., have no sequential relationship with each other. They are only used to distinguish two items with the same Different components with names.

Although the present invention is disclosed above in terms of preferred embodiments, they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can make slight changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, The protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the appended patent application scope.

100,200:Power supply 110,210: Bridge rectifier 120,220:Transformer 121,221: Main coil 122,222: Secondary coil 130,230:Power switcher 140,240: Output stage circuit 150,250:Fan element 160,260: Detection and control circuit 270:Microcontroller 272: Pulse width modulation generation module 274: Compare Modules 276:Average module 278:Mapping module 279: Comparison table CO: output capacitor D1: first diode D2: Second diode D3: The third diode D4: The fourth diode D5: The fifth diode FS: fan speed IOUT: output current LM: Magnetizing inductor M1: the first transistor M2: Second transistor M3: The third transistor N1: first node N2: second node N3: The third node N4: fourth node N5: fifth node N6: The sixth node NCM: common node ND: detection node NIN1: first input node NIN2: second input node NOUT: output node R1: first resistor R2: second resistor R3: The third resistor T1: first stage T2: The second stage T3: The third stage T4: The fourth stage VAV: average potential VC: control potential VD: detection potential VDMAX: maximum detection potential VIN1: first input potential VIN2: second input potential VM: pulse width modulation potential VOUT: output potential VP: speed adjustment potential VR: rectifier potential VS: induced potential VSS: ground potential

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 is a circuit diagram showing a power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a signal waveform diagram showing a power supply operating in a heavy load mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.

100:Power supply

110: Bridge rectifier

120:Transformer

121: Main coil

122: Secondary coil

130:Power switcher

140:Output stage circuit

150:Fan component

160: Detection and control circuit

FS: fan speed

IOUT: output current

VIN1: first input potential

VIN2: second input potential

VM: pulse width modulation potential

VOUT: output potential

VR: rectifier potential

VS: induced potential

VSS: ground potential

Claims (10)

A power supply with adjustable heat dissipation function, including: A bridge rectifier generates a rectified potential based on a first input potential and a second input potential; A transformer including a primary coil and a secondary coil, wherein the primary coil receives the rectified potential, and the secondary coil generates an induced potential; a power switch that selectively couples the main coil to a ground potential according to a pulse width modulated potential; An output stage circuit generates an output potential based on the induced potential, wherein an output current flows through the output stage circuit; A detection and control circuit generates the pulse width modulation potential, wherein the detection and control circuit further determines whether the power supply is operating in a light load mode or a heavy load mode based on the output current; and a fan element having a fan speed; If the power supply operates in the light load mode, the detection and control circuit will set the fan speed to a fixed value; If the power supply operates in the heavy load mode, the detection and control circuit will dynamically adjust the fan speed according to the rectification potential. The power supply of claim 1, wherein the bridge rectifier includes: a first diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the first diode is coupled to a first input node to receive the first input potential, and the first diode The cathode is coupled to a first node to output the rectified potential; a second diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the second diode is coupled to a second input node to receive the second input potential, and the The cathode is coupled to the first node; a third diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the third diode is coupled to the ground potential, and the cathode of the third diode is coupled to the first input node; and a fourth diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the fourth diode is coupled to the ground potential, and the cathode of the fourth diode is coupled to the second input node. The power supply of claim 2, wherein the transformer further builds a magnetizing inductor, the main coil has a first end and a second end, and the first end of the main coil is coupled to the first node To receive the rectified potential, the second end of the main coil is coupled to a second node, the exciting inductor has a first end and a second end, and the first end of the exciting inductor is coupled to The first node, the second end of the exciting inductor are coupled to the second node, the secondary coil has a first end and a second end, the first end of the secondary coil is coupled to a The third node is used to output the induced potential, and the second end of the secondary coil is coupled to a common node. The power supply of claim 3, wherein the power switch includes: A first transistor has a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal of the first transistor is used to receive the pulse width modulation potential, the first transistor The first terminal is coupled to the ground potential, and the second terminal of the first transistor is coupled to the second node. The power supply of claim 3, wherein the output stage circuit includes: A fifth diode having an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode of the fifth diode is coupled to the third node to receive the induced potential, and the cathode of the fifth diode is coupled Connect to an output node to output the output potential; a first resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the first resistor is coupled to the common node, and the second terminal of the first resistor is coupled to to a detection node to output a detection potential; and an output capacitor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the output capacitor is coupled to the output node, and the second terminal of the output capacitor is coupled to the detection node; The output current flows through the first resistor. For example, the power supply of claim 5, wherein the detection and control circuit includes: A second transistor has a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal of the second transistor is used to receive a control potential, and the first terminal of the second transistor is coupled to a fourth node, and the second terminal of the second transistor is used to receive the pulse width modulation potential; and a second resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second resistor is coupled to the fourth node, and the second terminal of the second resistor is coupled to Connect to a fifth node. For example, the power supply of claim 6, wherein the detection and control circuit further includes: A third transistor has a control terminal, a first terminal, and a second terminal, wherein the control terminal of the third transistor is used to receive the detection potential, and the first terminal of the third transistor A terminal is coupled to the fifth node, and the second terminal of the third transistor is coupled to a sixth node; and a third resistor having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the third resistor is coupled to the sixth node, and the second terminal of the third resistor is To receive a speed adjustment potential. For example, the power supply of claim 7, wherein the detection and control circuit further includes a microcontroller, and the microcontroller includes: a pulse width modulation generation module to generate the pulse width modulation potential; and A comparison module that compares the detection potential with a maximum detection potential. If the detection potential does not reach the maximum detection potential, the comparison module will output the control potential with a high logic level, and if When the detection potential reaches the maximum detection potential, the comparison module will output the control potential with a low logic level. For example, the power supply of claim 8, wherein the microcontroller further includes: an average module that generates an average potential based on the rectified potential; and A mapping module stores a comparison table, wherein the mapping module further queries the comparison table according to the average potential to generate the rotational speed adjustment potential and adjust its duty cycle. For example, the power supply of claim 9, wherein if the average potential decreases, the duty cycle of the speed adjustment potential will become larger and the fan speed will become faster, and if the average potential increases, the speed adjustment The duty cycle of the potential will become smaller and the fan speed will slow down.

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