TW202328331A - 還原性粒子分散體 - Google Patents
還原性粒子分散體 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202328331A TW202328331A TW111135711A TW111135711A TW202328331A TW 202328331 A TW202328331 A TW 202328331A TW 111135711 A TW111135711 A TW 111135711A TW 111135711 A TW111135711 A TW 111135711A TW 202328331 A TW202328331 A TW 202328331A
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- particle dispersion
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Abstract
提供一種還原性粒子分散體,其係高度兼顧對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)與防腐性能,而且在具有其持續性(緩釋性)的同時,不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且分散安定性優異。
本揭示之還原性粒子分散體,可列舉以重複單元中至少具有由下述一般式(I)所表示的結構單元的聚合物為主體,且例如內含選自下述A群的至少一種還原性成分的還原性粒子分散於水中者。
Description
本說明書關於一種還原性粒子分散體,其係高度兼顧對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)與防腐性能,而且在具有其持續性(緩釋性)的同時,不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且分散安定性優異。
過去以來,氧吸收材已知有各種各樣的材料,在食品、藥劑、藥物、化妝品、電子零件、墨水等各種用途,已知有鐵粉系、兒茶酚、抗壞血酸等各種氧吸收材。
例如已知有一種粉狀氧吸收材,其特徵為:包含慕尼黏度為10~400,且在以示差掃描熱量計(DSC)進行測定時不具有結晶融解峰或熔點未達75℃、分子中具有烯丙基氫及/或與三級碳結合的氫之熱塑性聚合物(A)及氧化促進成分(B),比表面積為60cm
2/g以上(例如參考專利文獻1)。
另外已知一種氧吸收性粒子等,其包含有機系被氧化物、過渡金屬化合物、無機粒子及有機高分子作為氧吸收性粒子,前述無機粒子是選自無機多孔質粒子及無機層狀化合物粒子,至少一部分的前述有機系被氧化物及至少一部分的前述過渡金屬化合物分別存在於前述無機粒子的細孔內或層間,且至少一部分前述有機高分子係被覆至少一部分的前述無機粒子外表面(例如參考專利文獻2)。
然而,上述專利文獻1及2的粉狀氧吸收材等,主要是被封入食品、藥劑、藥物、化妝品、電子零件等的包裝袋,雖然它們具有對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力),然而其持續性是困難點,而且並非以使用於生活衛生用品等的液體等為前提,會有在其用途上使用受到限制等的課題,而且也沒有附帶其他功能。
另一方面已知有一種抗皺、美白、抗痘用化妝用等的外用組成物,其係選擇由選自鐵、銦、錫、鈰等的物質或含這些物質的化合物、或選自其氧化物等的金屬氧化還原觸媒所成的群組;由選自蛋白酶、脂肪酶、澱粉酶等的氧化還原酵素所成的群組;及由選自抗壞血酸、輔酶Q10、類黃酮類、兒茶素類等的還原劑所成的群組所成的三群中至少兩群,由其中選擇至少兩種成分,前述金屬氧化還原觸媒與還原劑或氧化還原酵素為結晶化且經交聯的金屬氧化還原觸媒與還原劑或氧化還原酵素、或接合於不溶性聚合物上的金屬氧化還原觸媒或氧化還原酵素、或粒子,宜為微米級或奈米級的粒子(例如參考專利文獻3),還已知一種被選自由蛋白質、多糖類、聚酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚氰基丙烯酸酯、共聚物及/或其混合物所成的群組的聚合物塗覆,且用於醫藥、化妝及/或營養活性成分的奈米膠囊等,其特徵為:含有液體脂質中的水的微乳劑,且含有溶解於內部水相中的至少一個親水性活性成分(例如參考專利文獻4)。
然而,上述專利文獻3及4的粒子或奈米膠囊等,現況上會有還原性能等的持續性(緩釋性)或分散安定性差,或者對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響等的課題。通常在包含還原劑(抗氧化劑等)等的水系液體中,還會發生包含其之組成物不安定化、分散系不安定化、物理性地膠體化或分離這些問題等。此外,還原劑(抗氧化劑等)其本身具有防腐性的情況少,在水系液體中必須併用還原劑(抗氧化劑等)與防腐劑。
[先前技術文獻]
[專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]國際公開2006/095640(申請專利範圍、實施例等)
[專利文獻2]日本特開2020-100801號公報(申請專利範圍、實施例等)
[專利文獻3]日本特開2007-277212號公報(申請專利範圍、實施例等)
[專利文獻4]日本特表2013-537206號公報(申請專利範圍、實施例等)
[發明所欲解決的課題]
本揭示鑑於上述先前技術的課題及現況等並且打算解決,發現可得到一種還原性粒子分散體,其高度兼顧對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)與防腐性能,而且在具有其持續性(緩釋性)的同時,不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且分散安定性優異,而完成了本揭示。
亦即,本揭示之還原性粒子分散體,其特徵為:以在重複單元中至少具有由下述一般式(I)所表示的結構單元的聚合物為主體,且內含還原性成分的還原性粒子分散於水中。
[上述式(I)中,R為碳數2~8之烷基]。
在上述還原性粒子之中,內含的還原性成分以選自下述A群的至少一種還原性成分為佳。
A群:多酚類、銅葉綠素、類黃酮類、花青素類、二丁基羥基甲苯、丁基羥基大茴香醚
前述還原性成分以選自綠原酸、單寧、兒茶素、白皮杉醇、二丁基羥基甲苯、丁基羥基大茴香醚的至少一種為佳。
前述粒子的平均粒徑以10~800nm為佳。
前述還原性粒子以除還原性成分外,還內含防腐劑成分為佳。
[發明之效果]
根據本揭示,可提供一種還原性粒子分散體,其係高度兼顧對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)與防腐性能,而且在具有其持續性(緩釋性)的同時,不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且分散安定性優異。
本揭示的目的及效果,可藉由使用尤其是在請求項中指出的構成要素及組合來被辨識且獲得。上述一般的說明及後述詳細說明兩者是例示及說明,並不會限制記載於申請專利範圍的本揭示。
以下針對本揭示的實施形態詳細說明。但是需留意本揭示的技術範圍並不受以下詳細敘述的各實施形態限定,且及於申請專利範圍所記載的發明與其均等物。
本揭示之還原性粒子分散體,其特徵為:以在重複單元中至少具有由下述一般式(I)所表示的結構單元的聚合物為主體,且內含還原性成分的還原性粒子分散於水中。
[上述式(I)中,R為碳數2~8之烷基]
本揭示所使用的還原性成分,只要是具有對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)的化合物,則並未受到特別限定,可使用各種還原性成分,另外,如果是市售品,則可使用其製品(還原性成分)。
合適的還原性成分,從不損害在重複單元中具有由上述一般式(I)所表示的結構單元的聚合物的特性,並以最大限度發揮出本發明之效果等觀點看來,希望為選自下述A群的至少一種(各單獨或兩種以上的混合物,以下同樣)的還原性成分。
A群:多酚類、銅葉綠素、類黃酮類、花青素類、二丁基羥基甲苯(BHT)、丁基羥基大茴香醚(BHA)
可使用的多酚類是具有含多個羥基的酚性分子的化合物。所可使用的多酚類、類黃酮類、花青素類,可列舉例如兒茶素(表兒茶素、表沒食子兒茶素、表兒茶素沒食子酸酯、表沒食子兒茶素沒食子酸酯等)、單寧酸、單寧、綠原酸、咖啡因酸、新綠原酸、矢車菊素、原花青素、茶紅素、芸香苷、類黃酮(槲皮苷、花青素、黃烷酮、黃烷醇、黃酮醇、異黃酮等)、阿魏酸、薑烯酚、花青素類(天竺葵素、矢車菊素、翠雀花素、芍藥花素、錦葵花素、矮牽牛素)、黃酮、查耳酮類(柚皮素查耳酮等)、葉黃素、鼠尾草酸、聖草次苷、川陳皮素、橘皮素、厚朴酚、異厚朴酚、鞣花酸、木脂素、薑黃素、香豆素、兒茶酚、原矢車菊素、茶黃素、迷迭香酸、呫噸酮、槲皮素、白藜蘆醇、没食子酸、没食子酸丙酯、氟單寧、白皮杉醇[5-(二羥苯基乙烯基)間苯二酚](製品名「Passienol PA」)、白藜蘆醇(3,5,4’-三羥基-反式-茋)等。
特別合適的還原性成分,從還原性的強度、安全性的觀點看來,為兒茶素、單寧、綠原酸、白皮杉醇、銅葉綠素、阿魏酸、薑黃素、薑烯酚、芸香苷、花青素、異黃酮、花青素類(天竺葵素、矢車菊素、翠雀花素、芍藥花素、錦葵花素、矮牽牛素)、二丁基羥基甲苯(BHT)、丁基羥基大茴香醚(BHA),更佳為綠原酸、單寧、兒茶素、阿魏酸、白皮杉醇、二丁基羥基甲苯(BHT)、丁基羥基大茴香醚(BHA)。
本揭示之還原性粒子分散體,是以在重複單元中至少具有由上述一般式(I)所表示的結構單元的聚合物為主體,且內含還原性成分的還原性粒子分散於水中,理想的情況,希望是以在重複單元中至少具有由上述一般式(I)所表示的結構單元的聚合物為主體,且選自上述A群的至少一種內含還原性成分的還原性粒子分散於水中,其製造法,可藉由例如以在重複單元中具有由上述式(I)所表示的結構單元的聚合物為殼,且內含還原性成分來製造。
上述一般式(I)中的R的碳數2~8之烷基,可列舉例如乙基、丙基(直鏈、分支)、丁基(直鏈、分支)、戊基(直鏈、分支)、己基(直鏈、分支)、庚基(直鏈、分支)、辛基(直鏈、分支)等,理想的情況,希望是作為在外科領域傷口縫合用的接著劑所使用的,碳數4之烷基及碳數8之辛基,特佳為異丁基、正辛基及2-辛基。
從進一步發揮出本揭示的效果的觀點等看來,具體而言,希望是由包含選自氰基丙烯酸異丁酯、氰基丙烯酸正丁酯、氰基丙烯酸第三丁酯、氰基丙烯酸正辛酯、氰基丙烯酸2-辛酯的至少一種的聚合物所構成。
另外,構成殼的氰基丙烯酸酯的質量比,從安全性及安定性的觀點看來,以90~100質量%為佳。
本揭示的粒子,內含了上述還原性成分,且殼是在重複單元中具有由上述一般式(I)所表示的構造的氰基丙烯酸酯之聚合物所構成。在該粒子之中,藉由氰基丙烯酸酯本身接著於細菌的細胞壁而妨礙細胞壁合成,發生溶菌,阻止細菌(也包括黴菌類)的發育,而單獨具有抗菌效果(防菌性、防黴性),而且在本揭示中,該粒子所內含的上述還原性成分本身也如上述般,具有對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力),這些性能不會互相造成不良影響而高度地兼顧,在防腐性能方面,安全性高、具有廣的抗菌光譜,防腐效果(包括防黴效果)優異,其持續性(緩釋性)亦優異,另外在對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)方面,具有其持續性(緩釋性),在具有這些性能的同時,不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且會成為分散安定性優異的還原性粒子分散於水中之還原性粒子分散體(這些點在後述實施例等也會詳細敘述)。
該粒子的製造,可藉由例如在使由上述一般式(I)所表示的結構單元(單體)藉由陰離子聚合來聚合時,添加上述還原性成分,使粒子的內部內含(包合)該還原性成分,以含有該粒子的水分散體的形式來獲得。
為了上述聚合的聚合起始及聚合的安定化,可使用聚合藥劑。該聚合藥劑,可列舉例如選自由聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯、具有羥基的單糖類及雙糖類所成的群組中的至少一種糖。
所可使用的聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯,可列舉例如月桂酸聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐、棕櫚酸聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐、硬脂酸聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐、油酸聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐等。
另外,除了上述聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯之外,藉由使用糖類作為聚合藥劑,可進一步提高其效果。
所可使用的糖類只要是具有羥基的單糖或雙糖,則可為任一種糖,合適的例子,可列舉葡萄糖、甘露糖、核糖、果糖、麥芽糖、海藻糖、乳糖及蔗糖。這些糖可為環狀、鏈狀的任一形態,另外,在環狀的情況,可為吡喃醣型或呋喃糖型等的任一者。另外,糖之中存在各種異構物,可為其任一者。通常單糖是以吡喃醣型或呋喃糖型的形態存在,雙糖是這些單糖以α鍵結或β鍵結而成,可直接使用這種通常形態的糖。單糖及雙糖可單獨使用,或可將兩種以上組合使用。
聚合反應的溶劑,通常可使用水(蒸餾水、純化水、純水等)。陰離子聚合可藉由氫氧根離子來起始,因此反應液的pH會影響聚合速度。在反應液的pH高的情況,氫氧根離子的濃度會變高,因此聚合快速,在pH低的情況,聚合會變慢。通常在pH為2~4左右的酸性下可得到適度的聚合速度。為了使反應液成為酸性而添加的酸並未受到特別限定,適合使用不會對反應造成不良影響的磷酸、鹽酸、醋酸、鄰苯二甲酸、檸檬酸等。
反應開始時的聚合反應液中,由上述式(I)所表示的結構單元的濃度並未受到特別限定,通常為0.1~10質量%左右,宜為1~5質量%左右。另外,反應開始時的聚合反應液中的聚合藥劑的濃度(使用多種的情況為其合計濃度)並未受到特別限定,通常為1~30質量%,宜為5~20質量%左右。另外,反應溫度並未受到特別限定,在室溫下進行是簡便的,而為適合。反應時間並未受到特別限定,通常為0.5小時~4小時左右。聚合反應以在攪拌下進行為佳。此外,粒子通常是使用中性的粒子,因此在反應結束後,以因應必要將氫氧化鈉水溶液等的鹼添加至反應液來中和為佳。
藉由上述聚合反應,由上述式(I)所表示的結構單元會發生陰離子聚合,而產生在重複單元中具有由式(I)所表示的構造的聚合物粒子,而且該粒子的內部內含(包合)上述還原性成分。
所得到的粒子,藉由使在重複單元中具有由上述一般式(I)所表示的構造的聚合物粒子內含(包合)上述還原性成分,可得到一種目前所沒有的還原性粒子分散體,其中粒子單獨的抗菌、防黴效果與還原性成分的還原性能的作用不會互相造成不良影響,高度兼顧對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)與防腐性能,而且在具有其持續性(緩釋性)的同時,不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且分散安定性優異。
在本揭示之中,上述還原性成分的(固體成分)含量,從得到充分的對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)、可得到持續的還原效果、安定性等的觀點看來,相對於所有聚合物成分,希望為1質量%以上,宜為5質量%以上,更佳為10~50質量%,特佳為15~40質量%。
藉由將該還原性成分的含量定為1質量%以上,可發揮出充分的對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)、持續的還原效果,另一方面,若還原性成分的含量未達1質量%,則對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)不足,無法發揮本揭示的效果。
該還原性粒子分散體(分散液),與單獨使用上述還原性成分相比,藉由採用本揭示的還原性粒子分散體,可得到一種目前所沒有的還原性粒子分散體,其係具有對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)的強度,同時具有防腐性能,高度兼顧這些性能,而且在具有其持續性(緩釋性)的同時,不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且分散安定性優異。
在本揭示中,為了進一步提高防腐效果,前述還原性粒子中,除上述還原性成分外,還可內含防腐劑成分。
本揭示之還原性粒子中,殼是由在重複單元中具有由上述一般式(I)所表示的構造的氰基丙烯酸酯之聚合物所構成,而氰基丙烯酸酯本身單獨具有抗菌效果(防菌性、防黴性),從進一步發揮出廣的抗菌光譜、防腐效果(包括防黴效果)的觀點看來,除上述還原性成分外,還可內含防腐劑成分來作成還原性粒子。
本揭示所可使用的防腐劑成分,可使用過去以來的周知者,宜為安全性高、不會對內含的還原性成分造成不良影響的化合物,另外,只要是長期具有抗菌性、防黴性的化合物即可,可列舉例如選自下述B群的至少一種。
B群:碘炔丙基化合物、五氯酚鈉、1,2-苯并異噻唑啉-3-酮、2,3,5,6-四氯-4(甲基磺醯基)吡啶、對羥基安息香酸酯、苯酚、安息香酸鈉、去水醋酸鈉、山梨酸鉀、嗎啉、甲酚、甲基異噻唑啉酮、氯甲基異噻唑啉酮、辛基異噻唑啉酮、二氯辛基異噻唑啉酮、六氫-1,3,5-參(2-羥乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-溴-2-硝基丙-1,3-二醇、2-吡啶硫醇-1-氧化物鈉、吡硫鎓鈉、2-(4-噻唑基)苯并咪唑、4-萜品醇、1,8-桉葉油醇、百里酚、二異硫氰酸酯、桉樹油、長葉烯、異丙基甲基酚、2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮、檸檬醛、丁香酚、烯丙基異硫氰酸酯、d-薴烯、單寧酸、對羥基苯甲酸乙酯、苯扎氯銨、甘油辛酸酯、甘油脂肪酸酯、氯苯甘醚、水楊酸、對羥基安息香酸乙酯、對羥基安息香酸丁酯、對羥基安息香酸丙酯、對羥基安息香酸甲酯、沒藥醇、檜木醇、苯乙醇、苯乙醇、苯氧基乙醇、對羥基苯甲酸丁酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、苯扎氯銨、對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、2-(4-噻唑基)苯并咪唑
在上述B群當中,更合適的防腐劑成分,從逐時安定性、較容易取得、成本也抑制得低廉、安全性的觀點看來,希望為碘炔丙基化合物、1,2-苯并異噻唑啉-3-酮、2,3,5,6-四氯-4(甲基磺醯基)吡啶、安息香酸鈉、去水醋酸鈉、山梨酸鉀、甲酚、甲基異噻唑啉酮、氯甲基異噻唑啉酮、辛基異噻唑啉酮、二氯辛基異噻唑啉酮、六氫-1,3,5-參(2-羥乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-溴-2-硝基丙-1,3-二醇、2-吡啶硫醇-1-氧化物鈉、吡硫鎓鈉、2-(4-噻唑基)苯并咪唑、4-萜品醇、1,8-桉葉油醇、二異硫氰酸酯、異丙基甲基酚、2-甲基-4-異噻唑啉-3-酮、檸檬醛、丁香酚、烯丙基異硫氰酸酯、D-薴烯、單寧酸、乙基對羥基苯甲酸酯、苯扎氯銨、甘油脂肪酸酯、水楊酸、對羥基安息香酸乙酯、對羥基安息香酸丁酯、對羥基安息香酸丙酯、對羥基安息香酸甲酯、檜木醇、苯乙醇、苯乙醇、苯氧基乙醇、對羥基苯甲酸丁酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、苯扎氯銨、對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、2-(4-噻唑基)苯并咪唑。
除上述還原性成分外,還內含防腐劑成分的還原性粒子的製造,可根據內含上述還原性成分的還原性粒子的製造,可藉由以在重複單元中具有由上述式(I)所表示的結構單元的聚合物為殼,使其內含上述還原性成分與防腐劑成分來製造,由上述式(I)所表示的結構單元會發生陰離子聚合,而產生在重複單元中具有由式(I)所表示的構造的聚合物粒子,而且在該粒子的內部內含(包合)上述還原性成分與防腐劑成分。
所得到的粒子,藉由使在重複單元中具有由上述一般式(I)所表示的構造的聚合物粒子內含(包合)上述還原性成分與防腐劑成分,可得到一種目前所沒有的還原性粒子分散體,其中粒子單獨的抗菌、防黴效果、防腐劑成分的防腐效果與還原性成分的還原性能的作用不會互相造成不良影響,高度兼顧對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)與氰基丙烯酸酯本身產生的抗菌效果(防菌性、防黴性)及防腐劑成分的防腐性能的防腐性能(以下將這些防腐性能稱為「複合防腐性能」),而且在具有其持續性(緩釋性)的同時,不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且分散安定性優異。
在本揭示之中,上述防腐劑成分之(固體成分)含量,從可得到複合防腐性能、可得到持續的防腐效果、安定性等的觀點看來,相對於所有聚合物成分,希望為0.1質量%以上,宜為0.5質量%以上,更佳為1~40質量%,特佳為3~30質量%。
藉由將該防腐劑成分的含量定為0.1質量%以上,可發揮出充分的複合防腐性能、持續的防腐效果,另一方面,若防腐劑成分的含量未達0.1質量%,則缺乏內含防腐劑成分的效果。
另外,在本揭示之中,所得到的還原性粒子(內含還原性成分,或內含還原性成分+防腐劑成分,以下同樣)的平均粒徑會依照具有上述一般式(I)的結構單元的單體、含量、聚合時的聚合條件等而變動,宜為10~800nm,更佳為20~400nm,更理想的情況,希望為30~200nm。
藉由定在上述合適的平均粒徑的範圍,適合使用於各種用途,而且保存安定性等優異。
此外,本揭示所規定的「平均粒徑」是由散射光強度分佈得到的直方圖平均粒徑,在本揭示(包括後述實施例)中,是藉由粒度分佈測定裝置[FPAR1000(大塚電子公司製)]所測得的D50之值。
本揭示之還原性粒子分散體中,所含有的上述特性的粒子高度兼顧對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)與防腐性能(包括複合防腐性能),而且在具有其持續性(緩釋性)的同時,不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且分散安定性優異,上述防腐效果(包括防黴效果)可對革蘭氏陰性菌、革蘭氏陽性菌等的許多細菌類或黴菌類發揮出抗菌效果(包括防黴效果),其防腐性能(包括複合防腐性能)與還原性能的持續效果也會長時間持續。
以這種方式構成的本揭示的還原性粒子分散體,可利用於例如對醫療用具、嬰兒用品、照護用品、浴場用品、廚房用品、餐具、飲用水配管零件、生活衛生用品、家電製品、衣料品、建築資材、農業用資材、汽車用內裝零件、文具、書寫用具或噴墨印表機等的墨水組成物等各種製品賦予防腐性能與還原性能。
具體的用途,除了上述用途等之外,還適合使用於例如洗濯洗淨劑、柔軟劑、住居用洗劑、餐具洗淨劑、硬質表面用洗淨劑等的洗淨劑用途;洗髮精、潤絲精、化妝水、乳液、乳霜、防曬乳、粉底、眼妝製品、制汗劑、牙膏粉等的個人護理用途、塗料、接著劑、建材、樹脂乳膠、木材防腐劑、水泥混合劑、鍋爐、冷卻設備、排水處理設備、工業用水(製紙步驟中的抄紙製程的用水、各種工業用的冷卻水或洗淨水)等的工業用水處理用途;醫療器具、食品添加物、太陽能電池模組或有機元件裝置、熱射線遮蔽膜等的電子機器用途等,此外還有對水性生物(魚類等)抑制水黴的水槽及藥浴用途。
此外,以下詳細敘述將本揭示的還原性粒子分散體利用於簽字筆或麥克筆、鋼珠筆等的書寫用具用水性墨水組成物的情況的形態等。
本揭示之書寫用具用水性墨水組成物,其特徵為:至少含有上述構成的還原性粒子分散體,除了該還原性粒子分散體之外,還可含有著色劑、水溶性有機溶劑。
墨水組成物中的還原性粒子的含量,從不損害書寫性能,發揮出本揭示的效果、保存安定性的觀點看來,相對於墨水組成物總量,以固體成分量計,以0.1~30.0質量%為佳,更理想的情況,希望為1.0~15.0質量%。
所可使用的著色劑,還可使用水溶性染料、顏料,例如無機顏料、有機顏料、塑膠色素、以粒子內部有空隙的中空樹脂粒子作為白色顏料,或者以發色性、分散性優異的染料染色後的樹脂粒子(擬顏料)等。
水溶性染料,可在不損害本揭示的效果的範圍適當地量使用直接染料、酸性染料、食用染料、鹼性染料之任一者。
這些著色劑的含量會依照書寫用具的種類等而變動,相對於墨水組成物總量,為1~30質量%。
所可使用的水溶性有機溶劑,可列舉例如乙二醇、三乙二醇、四乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,2-戊二醇、1,5-戊二醇、2,5-己二醇、3-甲基1,3-丁二醇、2甲基戊-2,4-二醇、3-甲基戊-1,3,5三醇、1,2,3-己三醇等的伸烷二醇類、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇等的聚伸烷二醇類、甘油、二甘油、三甘油等的甘油類、乙二醇單甲醚、乙二醇單乙醚、二乙二醇單甲醚、二乙二醇單乙醚、二乙二醇單正丁醚等的二醇類的低級烷醚、N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮等的至少一種。
其他還可混合例如甲醇、乙醇、異丙醇、正丁醇、第三丁醇、異丁醇、己醇、辛醇、壬醇、癸醇、苄醇等的醇類、二甲基甲醯胺、二乙基乙醯胺等的醯胺類、丙酮等的酮類等的水溶性溶劑。
這些水溶性有機溶劑的含量會依照簽字筆或麥克筆、鋼珠筆等的書寫用具種類而變動,相對於墨水組成物總量,為1~40質量%,從進一步提升畫線乾燥性的觀點看來,對於定在10質量%以下的墨水組成而言特別有效,較理想的情況,希望定在3~8質量%。
在本揭示的書寫用具用水性墨水組成物中,上述特性的粒子、著色劑、水溶性溶劑以外的剩餘部分,除了溶劑的水(自來水、純化水、蒸餾水、離子交換水、純水等)之外,在不損害本揭示的效果的範圍,可適當地含有分散劑、潤滑劑、pH調整劑、防鏽劑、增黏劑、蒸發抑制劑、界面活性劑、固著劑等。
所可使用的分散劑,可使用非離子、陰離子界面活性劑或水溶性樹脂。適合使用水溶性高分子。
潤滑劑,可列舉也能使用於顏料的表面處理劑的多元醇脂肪酸酯、糖的高碳脂肪酸酯、聚氧伸烷基高碳脂肪酸酯、磷酸烷基酯等之非離子系、或高碳脂肪酸醯胺的烷基磺酸鹽、烷基烯丙基磺酸鹽等之陰離子系、聚伸烷二醇的衍生物或氟系界面活性劑、聚醚變性聚矽氧等。
pH調整劑,可列舉氨、尿素、單乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、或如三聚磷酸鈉、碳酸鈉般的碳酸或磷酸的鹼金屬鹽、氫氧化鈉等的鹼金屬的水合物等。另外,防鏽劑,可列舉苯并三唑、甲苯基三唑、二環己基亞硝酸銨、皂素類等。
增黏劑,可列舉羧甲基纖維素(CMC)或其鹽、發酵纖維素、結晶纖維素等的纖維素衍生物、多糖類等。可使用的多糖類,可列舉例如黃原膠、瓜爾膠、羥丙基化瓜爾膠、酪蛋白、阿拉伯膠、明膠、直鏈澱粉、瓊脂糖、硫瓊膠、阿拉伯糖聚醣、卡德蘭膠、胼胝質、羧甲基澱粉、幾丁質、幾丁聚醣、榲桲籽、葡甘露聚醣、結蘭膠、羅望子膠、聚葡萄糖、黑麴黴多糖、玻尿酸、石耳多糖、海蘿膠、HM果膠、紫菜聚糖、昆布多醣、地衣多糖、鹿角菜膠、海藻酸、黃蓍膠、阿拉伯膠、琥珀醯聚糖、刺槐豆膠、塔拉膠等,這些可單獨使用一種,或可併用兩種以上。另外,如果這些有市售品則也可使用。
蒸發抑制劑,可列舉例如季戊四醇、對二甲苯二醇、三羥甲基丙烷、三羥乙基丙烷、糊精等。
界面活性劑,可列舉例如氟系、聚矽氧系、乙炔二醇系等。
固著劑,可列舉聚丙烯酸、水溶性苯乙烯-丙烯酸樹脂、水溶性苯乙烯・馬來酸樹脂、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、水溶性馬來酸樹脂、水溶性苯乙烯樹脂、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、聚乙烯醇、水溶性酯-丙烯酸樹脂、乙烯-馬來酸共聚物、聚環氧乙烷、水溶性胺基甲酸酯樹脂等的分子內具有疏水部的水溶性樹脂、另外,選自聚烯烴系乳膠、丙烯酸系乳膠、醋酸乙烯酯系乳膠、胺基甲酸酯系乳膠、苯乙烯-丁二烯乳膠、苯乙烯丙烯腈乳膠等的樹脂乳膠等的至少一種,這些希望分別使用一種以上,合計兩種以上。
本揭示的書寫用具用水性墨水組成物,可藉由將上述特性的粒子、水溶性溶劑、其他各成分因應書寫用具用(鋼珠筆用、麥克筆用等)墨水的用途適當地組合,藉由均質混合機、均質機或分散機等的攪拌機來攪拌混合,進一步因應必要藉由過濾或離心分離將墨水組成物中的粗大粒子除去等,而調製出書寫用具用水性墨水組成物。
另外,本揭示的書寫用具用水性墨水組成物的pH(25℃),從使用性、安全性、墨水本身的安定性、與墨水收納體的配合性的觀點看來pH調整劑等,以調整成5~10為佳,更理想的情況希望為6~9.5。
本揭示之書寫用具用水性墨水組成物,可搭載於具備鋼珠筆筆尖、纖維筆尖、氈筆筆尖、塑膠筆尖等的筆尖部的鋼珠筆、麥克筆等。
鋼珠筆,可列舉將上述組成的書寫用具用水性墨水組成物收納在具備直徑為0.18~2.0mm的鋼珠的鋼珠筆用墨水收納體(替換筆芯),而且收納了與被收納在該墨水收納體內的水性墨水組成物沒有相溶性且比重比該水性墨水組成物還小的物質,例如聚丁烯、聚矽氧油、礦油等作為墨水追隨體者。
此外,鋼珠筆、麥克筆的構造並未受到特別限定,可為例如具備以筆芯管本身作為墨水收納體,在該筆芯管內填充上述構成的書寫用具用水性墨水組成物而成的收集構造(墨水保持機構)的直液式鋼珠筆、麥克筆。
在以這種方式構成的本揭示的書寫用具用水性墨水組成物當中,所使用的上述特性的還原性粒子分散體被摻合至書寫用具用水性墨水組成物中,因此可高度兼顧在墨水組成物中對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)與防腐性能(包括複合防腐性能),而且在具有其持續性(緩釋性)的同時,不會對其他墨水摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且即使是在墨水配方組成系統,分散安定性也優異,因此可抑制氣泡的發生,長時間保持其持續效果,而且這些粒子不會損害保存安定性、書寫性能,因此可進一步提高墨水設計的自由度,可得到適合於鋼珠筆、麥克筆等的書寫用具的書寫用具用水性墨水組成物。
[實施例]
接下來,藉由實施例及比較例進一步詳細說明本揭示,然而本揭示並不受限於下述實施例等。
[實施例1~9:還原性粒子分散體A~I的製造]
依照下述實施例1~9製造出還原性粒子分散體A~I。此外,以下的「份」表示質量份。
(實施例1:還原性粒子分散體A的製造)
在2升的燒瓶安裝攪拌機、回流冷凝管、溫度計,並設置於水槽,裝入蒸餾水93.8份、單月桂酸聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐(20E.O)2份、磷酸0.2份、式(I)中的R為異丁基的單體(異丁基氰基丙烯酸酯)之單體4份、作為還原成分的綠原酸2份,約攪拌15分鐘,結束陰離子聚合,而得到抗菌性粒子分散體A。此外,粒子的平均粒徑為85nm。
(實施例2~6:粒子B~F的製造)
依照下述表1所示的配方組成,與上述實施例1同樣地,得到各還原性粒子分散體B~F。此外,各粒子的平均粒徑揭示於下述表1。
(實施例7~9:粒子G~I的製造)
依照下述表1所示的配方組成,與上述實施例1同樣地,使用還原性成分及防腐劑成分,得到各還原性粒子分散體G~I。此外,各粒子的平均粒徑揭示於下述表1。
得到上述實施例1~9所得到的各還原性粒子分散體(分散液)。該實施例1~9所得到的各還原性粒子分散體中的還原性粒子的固體成分量為35~40質量%。
使用上述所得到的實施例1~9的還原性粒子分散體(分散液),藉由下述評估方法,對於還原性能(溶存氧的除去能力)的持續性、分散安定性、防腐性能進行評估。
參考例1使用了還原性分散體(分散液:綠原酸液)。
將這些結果揭示於下述表1。
(還原性能的評估方法)
使用上述所得到的實施例1~9、參考例1的還原性粒子分散體(分散液),藉由測定溶存氧量來評估還原性。評估是使用溶存氧計:WQ-320(堀場製作所公司製)的溶存氧計,在製作還原性粒子分散體後放置於溫度25℃下,保存期間48小時及3個月,依照下述評估基準來評估在測定溫度25℃下測得的還原性能的持續性。
評估基準:
A:溶存氧量未達0.1~10mg/L。
B:溶存氧量未達10~20mg/L。
C:溶存氧量為20mg/L以上。
(分散安定性的評估方法)
將使用上述所得到的實施例1~9、參考例1的還原性分散體(分散液)所得到的各還原性粒子水分散體10ml與攪拌球(φ6.4mm、不鏽鋼製)一起填充至15ml的玻璃製附蓋瓶,密封之後,使蓋子朝上,在40℃的條件下保存1個月之後,搖晃各個分散體。藉由搖晃到攪拌球在玻璃製附蓋瓶中開始移動為止的次數,依照下述評估基準評估分散安定性。
評估基準:
A:0~3次。
B:4~10次。
C:11次以上。
※0次:將玻璃製附蓋瓶傾斜時,可確認到攪拌球的運動
(防腐效果(防菌性、防黴性)的測試方法)
使用上述所得到的實施例1~9、參考例1的還原性分散體(分散液),藉由以ISO 11930:2012(保存效力測試或微生物學的風險評估、或用來解釋由這兩者產生的數據的方法)為準的下述微生物測試方法來進行。
以下述細菌群、酵母、絲狀菌的三群來實施挑戰測試。
細菌群:Stapylococcus aureus NBRC13276、Escherichia coli NBRC3972
酵母:Candida albicans NBRC1594
絲狀菌:Aspergillus brasiliensis
<接種菌液的調製>
接種菌液的調製:依據ISO 11930:2012,調製出菌液。
細菌群:分別將各菌種依據ISO 11930:2012調製出菌液。將各菌種調整成1×10
7~1×10
8cfu/ml的菌液三種等量混合,以作為接種菌液。
酵母:依據ISO 11930:2012,以成為1×10
6~ 1×10
7cfu/ml的方式調製出菌液。
絲狀菌:依據ISO 11930:2012,以成為1×10
6~ 1×10
7cfu/ml的方式調製出菌液。
<接種>
對於分散液接種1質量%的量的菌液。
<保存>
接種後的書寫用具用墨水組成物保存在溫度22.5±2.5℃,以指定期間為間隔來進行偵測培養。
<偵測培養>
細菌群是以SCD洋菜培養基,酵母是以SD洋菜培養基,絲狀菌是以PD洋菜培養基來培養,分別以合計1g塗抹10枚,細菌群與酵母是在32.5℃下培養2天,絲狀菌是在22.5℃下培養5天。
<評估基準>
A+:在第3天的時間點沒有出現菌落。
A:在第7天的時間點沒有出現菌落。
B:在第21天之時間點沒有出現菌落。
C:在第28天之時間點出現數個至數十個菌落。
D:在28天的時間點明顯增加。
由上述表1的結果明顯地判明了,上述所得到的實施例1~9的還原性粒子分散體(分散液)高度兼顧對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)與防腐性能,而且在具有其持續性(緩釋性)的同時,不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且分散安定性優異。
另外,實施例7~9的還原性粒子分散體(分散液)為了進一步提高防腐效果,除了還原性成分之外還內含防腐劑成分,確認了與內含實施例1~6的還原性成分的還原性粒子分散體(分散液)相比,在進一步提高了防腐性能的同時,其持續效果不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且分散安定性優異。
[實施例10~18及比較例1~3:書寫用具用水性墨水組成物的調製]
得到上述實施例1~9所得到的各還原性粒子分散體(分散液)作為實施例10~18用。該實施例1~9所得到的各還原性粒子分散體中之還原性粒子的固體成分量為35~40質量%。
另一方面,比較例1~3使用了下述三種已知的氧吸收劑。
比較例1使用了L-抗壞血酸鈉,比較例2使用了N-乙醯基-半胱胺酸,比較例3使用了N-乙烯基-2-吡咯啶酮的寡聚物(聚合度:2~6)。
使用由上述實施例1~9所製造出的各還原性粒子分散體(粒子A~I)、上述比較例1~3,依照下述所表示的配方組成(總量100質量%),藉由常法調製出各書寫用具用水性墨水組成物。
墨水組成:(總量100質量%)
各還原性粒子分散體(粒子A~F)或比較例1~3 15.0質量%
著色劑(碳黑MA100、三菱化學公司製) 5.4質量%
pH調整劑(三乙醇胺) 1.4質量%
水溶性有機溶劑(丙二醇) 15.0質量%
增黏劑(黃原膠) 0.2質量%
離子交換水 63.0質量%
對於所得到的各書寫用具用水性墨水組成物(總量100質量%),依照下述評估方法,針對下述構成的書寫用具A、B的書寫性(上下畫線濃度差異)、經過一定時間後的氣泡發生狀況的評估、受到衝擊後的氣泡發生狀況的評估進行評估。
將實施例10~18及比較例1~3的各評估結果揭示於下述表2。
(書寫用具:鋼珠筆的製作)
使用筆蓋式鋼珠筆A[三菱鉛筆股份有限公司製,商品名:Signo UM-100]的筆芯,在由內徑4.0mm、長度113mm聚丙烯製墨水收納管與不鏽鋼製筆尖(超硬合金鋼珠,鋼珠直徑0.5mm)及連結該收納管與該筆尖的接頭所形成的替換筆芯中填充上述各水性墨水組成物,並在墨水後端裝填以礦油為主成分的墨水追隨體,而製作出水性鋼珠筆。
使用自動式鋼珠筆B[三菱鉛筆股份有限公司製,商品名:Signo UMN152]的筆芯,在由內徑4.0mm、長度113mm聚丙烯製墨水收納管與不鏽鋼製筆尖(超硬合金鋼珠,鋼珠直徑0.5mm)及連結該收納管與該筆尖的接頭所形成的替換筆芯中填充上述各水性墨水組成物,並在墨水後端裝填以礦油為主成分的墨水追隨體,而製作出自動式水性鋼珠筆。
[書寫性(上下畫線濃度差異)的評估方法]
將上述構成的各水性鋼珠筆A在室溫(25℃,以下同樣)下放置1個月之後,書寫到墨寫完為止,比較開始書寫與書寫結束的畫線濃度差異,依照下述評估基準來評估。
評估基準:
A:沒有濃度差異。
B:觀察到稍有濃度差異。
C:明顯觀察到濃度差異。
D:濃度差異顯著,觀察到畫線辨認困難之處。
<經過一定時間後氣泡發生狀況的評估方法>
將上述構成的各鋼珠筆A筆尖朝下,在50℃、30%RH的氣體環境下保存1個月,經過前述期間之後,保持筆尖朝下在室溫下放置6小時,以目視確認出現在墨水與墨水追隨體界面的氣泡,依照下述評估基準來評估。
<受到衝擊後的氣泡發生狀況的評估方法>
將上述構成的自動式鋼珠筆B筆尖朝下,進行敲擊5次之後,使筆尖朝下,在上述50℃、30%RH的氣體環境下保存1週,經過前述期間之後,保持筆尖朝下在室溫下放置6小時,以目視確認出現在墨水與墨水追隨體界面的氣泡,依照下述評估基準來評估。
評估基準:
A:在墨水與墨水追隨體界面完全不存在氣泡。
B:在墨水與墨水追隨體界面存在一個直徑未達1mm的氣泡。
C:在墨水與墨水追隨體界面存在一個以上直徑1mm以上的氣泡,或存在兩個以上直徑未達1mm的氣泡。
D:墨水追隨體被氣泡推上來,在墨水界面之間存在空隙。
<防腐性能的評估方法>
對於所得到的各書寫用具用水性墨水組成物(總量100質量%),藉由以ISO 11930:2012(保存效力測試或微生物學的風險評估、或用來解釋由這兩者產生的數據的方法)為準的下述微生物測試方法來進行。
以下述細菌群、酵母、絲狀菌的三群來實施挑戰測試。
細菌群:Stapylococcus aureus NBRC13276、Escherichia coli NBRC3972
酵母:Candida albicans NBRC1594
絲狀菌:Aspergillus brasiliensis
<接種菌液的調製>
接種菌液的調製:依據ISO 11930:2012,調製出菌液。
細菌群:分別將各菌種依據ISO 11930:2012調製出菌液。將各菌種調整成1×10
7~1×10
8cfu/ml的菌液三種等量混合,以作為接種菌液。
酵母:依據ISO 11930:2012,以成為1×10
6~ 1×10
7cfu/ml的方式調製出菌液。
絲狀菌:依據ISO 11930:2012,以成為1×10
6~ 1×10
7cfu/ml的方式調製出菌液。
<接種>
對於書寫用具用墨水組成物接種1質量%的量的菌液。
<保存>
接種後的書寫用具用墨水組成物保存在溫度22.5±2.5℃,以指定期間為間隔來進行偵測培養。
<偵測培養>
細菌群是以SCD洋菜培養基,酵母是以SD洋菜培養基,絲狀菌是以PD洋菜培養基來培養,分別以合計1g塗抹10枚,細菌群與酵母是在32.5℃下培養2天,絲狀菌是在22.5℃下培養5天。
<評估基準>
A+:在第3天的時間點沒有出現菌落。
A:在第7天的時間點沒有出現菌落。
B:在第21天的時間點沒有出現菌落。
C:在第28天的時間點出現數個至數十個菌落。
D:在28天的時間點明顯增加。
若考察上述表2,可確認在本揭示範圍的實施例10~18,與在本揭示範圍外的比較例1~3相比,具有書寫性(上下畫線濃度差異)、經過一定時間後也沒有氣泡發生,而且在受到衝擊之後也沒有氣泡的發生,在具有對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)的強度與持續性的同時,不會對其他墨水的摻合成分造成不良影響。
另外還確認了上述製作出的各鋼珠筆A、B皆沒有斷水、沒有滲墨,具有足夠的畫線濃度,而為鮮明的畫線。
此外還確認了使用實施例16~18的還原性粒子分散體(分散液)的書寫用具用水性墨水組成物,進一步為了提高防腐效果而除了還原性成分外還內含防腐劑成分,與內含實施例10~15的還原性成分的還原性粒子分散體(分散液)相比,在進一步提高了防腐性能的同時,其持續效果不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且分散安定性優異。
[產業上的可利用性]
本揭示之還原性粒子分散體,在具有對氧的還原性能(氧吸收能力)的強度與持續性(緩釋性)的同時,不會對其他摻合成分等造成不良影響,而且分散安定性優異、具有防腐性,因此可利用於例如對醫療用具、嬰兒用品、照護用品、浴場用品、廚房用品、餐具、飲用水配管零件、生活衛生用品、家電製品、衣料品、建築資材、農業用資材、汽車用內裝零件、文具、書寫用具或噴墨印表機等的墨水組成物等各種製品賦予還原性及防腐性。
Claims (5)
- 一種還原性粒子分散體,其特徵為:以重複單元中至少具有由下述一般式(I)所表示的結構單元的聚合物為主體,且內含還原性成分之還原性粒子分散於水中, [上述式(I)中,R為碳數2~8之烷基]。
- 如請求項1之還原性粒子分散體,其中在上述還原性粒子之中,內含的還原性成分為選自下述A群的至少一種還原性成分, A群:多酚類、銅葉綠素、類黃酮類、花青素類、二丁基羥基甲苯、丁基羥基大茴香醚。
- 如請求項1或2之還原性粒子分散體,其中前述粒子的平均粒徑為10~800nm。
- 如請求項1之還原性粒子分散體,其中前述還原性成分為選自綠原酸、單寧、兒茶素、白皮杉醇、二丁基羥基甲苯、丁基羥基大茴香醚的至少一種。
- 如請求項1或2之還原性粒子分散體,其中前述還原性粒子除了還原性成分外,還內含防腐劑成分。
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