TW202319107A - 用於處理排放氣體之方法以及hvac系統 - Google Patents
用於處理排放氣體之方法以及hvac系統 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202319107A TW202319107A TW111132195A TW111132195A TW202319107A TW 202319107 A TW202319107 A TW 202319107A TW 111132195 A TW111132195 A TW 111132195A TW 111132195 A TW111132195 A TW 111132195A TW 202319107 A TW202319107 A TW 202319107A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- mixed
- mixed oxide
- exhaust gas
- conversion
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Abstract
本發明係關於使用包含Mn、Cu、Mg、Al及La之混合氧化物之無PGM催化劑製品處理排放氣體之方法,該排放氣體包含一氧化碳(CO)及/或一或多種揮發性有機化合物(VOC)。本發明亦係關於包含無PGM催化劑製品之HVAC系統。
Description
本發明係關於使用無PGM催化劑製品處理排放氣體,尤其包含一氧化碳(CO)及/或一或多種揮發性有機化合物(VOC)之排放氣體之方法。本發明亦係關於一種包含無PGM催化劑製品之HVAC系統。
已熟知包含鉑族金屬(PGM)之催化劑可用於有害排放物(諸如CO及VOC)之催化性氧化。PGM催化劑普遍存在於用於處理汽車尾氣排放物及來自工業過程之排放物之催化劑中。PGM催化劑具有高催化活性及良好的熱穩定性。然而,PGM為昂貴的且需要在不損失催化活性之情況下降低催化劑製品之成本。此對於工業過程(諸如在對苯二甲酸合成中之尾氣之催化性氧化中)及用於處理大量排放氣體,從而需要昂貴的PGM之大量投資之其他系統(諸如HVAC系統)尤其重要。
已知包含基底金屬之無PGM催化劑可作為PGM催化劑之替代物。基底金屬明顯更便宜,然而,仍需要此類催化劑展現高催化活性以便提供改良之CO及VOC氧化活性。
WO 03/101612係關於用於處理來自工業及商業過程及用於由諸如煤、石油及氣體之烴燃料產生電力之過程之排放物的催化劑組合物。特定言之,本發明係關於用於氧化一氧化碳(CO)及揮發性有機化合物(VOC)之催化劑組合物且在一個態樣中,提供用作氫化催化劑之催化劑組合物,該組合物包含至少兩種不同的高表面積氧化物載體材料,其中至少一種高表面積載體材料負載至少一種基底金屬促進劑。
WO 2010/123731係關於用於一氧化碳及揮發性有機化合物之氧化的含有銅及錳之基底金屬催化劑。催化劑組合物包含負載於氧化物載體材料上之至少一種基底金屬促進劑及至少一種基底金屬催化劑,該氧化物載體材料包含氧化鋁、二氧化矽、氧化鋯、二氧化鈰及二氧化鈦中之一或多者,例如鑭穩定化氧化鋁及/或鋯穩定化二氧化鈰。
WO 2014/138397係關於基底金屬催化劑及其使用方法,尤其包含與實質上不含氧化鋁之供氧載體接觸之第一基底金屬催化劑及至少一種第二基底金屬催化劑之催化劑。在一些實施例中,催化劑包含10至20 wt%之CuO,且催化劑包含5至10 wt%之MnO。
本發明人研發本發明之目的在於克服與先前技術相關之問題及提供經改良之用於處理包含CO及/或一或多種VOC之排放氣體之方法,或至少提供商業上適用之替代物。
因此,在本發明之第一態樣中提供用於處理包含一或多種揮發性有機化合物(VOC)之排放氣體之方法,該方法包含使排放氣體與包含Mn、Cu、Mg、Al及La之混合氧化物之無PGM催化劑製品接觸。
現將進一步描述本發明。在下文中,更詳細地定義本發明之不同態樣/實施例。除非明確相反地指示,否則如此定義之各態樣/實施例可與任何其他一或多個態樣/實施例組合。特定言之,任何指示為較佳或有利之特徵可與任何其他指示為較佳或有利之一或多個特徵組合。
本發明之方法係關於用於處理排放氣體之方法。排放氣體包含一氧化碳及/或一或多種揮發性有機化合物。在一個實施例中,排放氣體包含CO及一或多種VOC。
如ISO 16000-6中所引用,VOC係由WHO定義為沸點在(50℃至100℃)至(240℃至260℃)範圍內,對應於在25℃下具有大於102 kPa之飽和蒸汽壓之任何有機化合物。VOC包括醇、醛、胺、酯、醚、烴(至多約C10)、酮、含氮化合物、苯酚、吲哚及其他芳族化合物、萜類以及含硫化合物。
方法包含使排放氣體與包含錳(Mn)、銅(Cu)、鎂(Mg)、鋁(Al)及鑭(La)之混合氧化物之無PGM催化劑製品接觸。鉑族金屬(PGM)為已知類別之貴金屬,其係指由釕(Ru)、銠(Rh)、鈀(Pd)、鋨(Os)、銥(Ir)及鉑(Pt)組成之群。因此,混合金屬氧化物不包含任何PGM (例如,以金屬形式或以氧化物或鹽形式)。如將瞭解,混合金屬氧化物中之金屬(亦即,Mn、Cu、Mg、Al及La)均以氧化物形式而非以金屬態存在。
本發明人已發現,包含Mn、Cu、Mg、Al及La之混合金屬氧化物提供尤其有效的用於CO及VOC之催化性氧化之無PGM催化劑。已發現此類氧化物即使在相對較低溫度下亦提供改良之活性。本發明人已發現該催化劑對於甲醇、乙醇、乙醛、甲醛、丙烯(propene/propylene)及乙烯(ethene/ethylene)之催化性氧化尤其有效。因此,較佳的係VOC包含一或多種選自甲醇、乙醇、乙醛、甲醛、丙烯及乙烯之化合物。
較佳地,排放氣體係來自加熱、通風及空調系統(HVAC系統)或係來自化學合成過程,較佳對苯二甲酸合成之尾氣。亦即,排放氣體可為用於製造經純化之對苯二甲酸(PTA)之過程之尾氣。PTA工廠排放CO及多種VOC,諸如溴化甲烷、苯、乙酸鹽、二甲苯、乙酸及甲醇。其共同引起菸霧;溴化甲烷亦為平流層臭氧消耗物。
在用於製造PTA之商業過程中,可使用乙酸作為溶劑,藉由用氧氣氧化對二甲苯來產生對苯二甲酸。此可使用溴化物促進劑在存在諸如鈷-錳之催化劑之情況下進行。產物可藉由在水溶液中時氫化來純化且接著可冷卻。純化對苯二甲酸(PTA)過程中之尾氣可包含氧、氮、氮氧化物、溴化甲烷、苯、甲烷、一氧化碳、乙酸甲酯及水。特定言之,典型PTA過程尾氣可包括30百萬分率(ppm)之溴化甲烷、10 ppm苯、100 ppm甲烷、1000 ppm一氧化碳、500 ppm乙酸甲酯、1.5莫耳%水、4莫耳%氧氣且其餘為氮。另外,混合金屬氧化物亦可氧化及轉化其他揮發性有機化合物,諸如甲基乙基酮、甲醇、丁烷或丁烯。
PTA過程尾氣亦可包含約2莫耳%水蒸氣/水。類似地,可能需要HVAC系統以處理包含水/濕氣之氣體。混合氧化物必須為穩定的且能夠有效地在具有濕氣之環境中起作用。已知某些催化劑及載體(諸如沸石)在水熱條件下,尤其在某一時段內降解。然而,本文中所述之混合金屬氧化物能夠在高於400℃,或200℃至400℃、200℃至325℃、200℃至300℃、200℃至250℃,或低於325℃、低於300℃或低於250℃之溫度下抵抗含有水汽(例如,1.5莫耳%至5莫耳%濕氣)之氣體且在其中有效地起作用。
當含有水汽、CO及VOC之氣體(諸如來自PTA過程之尾氣)與混合金屬氧化物接觸時,CO及VOC被氧化。舉例而言,在過程排出物氣體包含水汽、CO及溴化甲烷之情況下,可將過程排出物預加熱且使其在存在過量氧氣之情況下通過催化劑床,且將氣流中之污染組分氧化成二氧化碳(CO
2)及溴化氫(HBr)。藉由使氣體通過鹼洗滌器,可易於自排出物移除來自催化劑下游之溴化氫,由此在將排放氣體排放至大氣中之前自排出物移除污染物。
氧化物(其在本文中可稱為混合金屬氧化物或混合氧化物)較佳不負載於混合氧化物載體,諸如La、Al、Zr或Ce混合氧化物上。實際上,一些此等氧化物,尤其Al及La之氧化物,併入本文所述之混合金屬氧化物之晶格結構中。因此,混合金屬氧化物可由單一化學式表示,例如Mn
aCu
bMg
cAl
dLa
eO
f(其中a、b、c、d、e及f為元素之莫耳量)。
本發明人已發現,當Mn及La含量較高時,混合金屬氧化物尤其有效。較佳地,混合氧化物包含僅以金屬計之至少30 wt%之Mn。更佳地,混合氧化物包含至少35 wt%且甚至更佳至少40 wt%之Mn。較佳地,Mn之量為至多60 wt%、更佳至多55 wt%,且甚至更佳至多50 wt%。
較佳地,混合氧化物包含至少35 wt%之La及/或至多45 wt%之La,較佳至少39 wt%之La及/或至多43 wt%之La。
所提供的本文中所述之關於混合金屬氧化物中之金屬之所有重量百分比(亦即,wt%)係僅以金屬計。亦即,給定金屬之wt%係以混合金屬氧化物中之金屬之總量的重量百分比形式提供,由此不包含由氧(O)提供之重量。
類似地,本發明人已發現,較佳的係銅以至少5 wt%之量存在。較佳地,銅之量為至多10 wt%。
舉例而言,特定言之,本發明人已發現包含40至50 wt%之Mn及至少5 wt%之銅之混合金屬氧化物為Mn及Cu之較佳組合。
此外,本發明人已發現,較佳地,混合氧化物包含至少3 wt%之Mg及/或至多6 wt%之Mg。較佳地,混合氧化物包含至少1 wt%之Al及/或至多3 wt%之Al。
因此,在尤其較佳實施例中,僅以金屬計,混合氧化物包含:
40至50 wt%之Mn;
6至8 wt%之Cu;
3至6 wt%之Mg;
1至3 wt%之Al;
35至45 wt%之La。
甚至更佳地,僅以金屬計,混合氧化物包含:
42至48 wt%之Mn;
約7 wt%之Cu;
約4.5 wt%之Mg;
約2 wt%之Al;
39至43 wt%之La。
較佳地,術語「約」係指在±10%內、更佳在±5%內,同時揭示在實驗誤差內之值本身。因此,混合氧化物較佳包含至少6.3 wt%之Cu及/或至多7.7 wt%之Cu,諸如6.3 wt%至7 wt%、7 wt%至7.7 wt%或6.3 wt%至7.7 wt%。同樣,混合氧化物較佳包含至少4.05 wt%之Mg及/或至多4.95 wt%之Mg,諸如4.05 wt%至4.5 wt%、4.5 wt%至4.95 wt%或4.05 wt%至4.95 wt%。較佳地,混合氧化物較佳包含至少1.8 wt%之Al及/或至多2.2 wt%之Al,諸如1.8 wt%至2 wt%、2 wt%至2.2 wt%或1.8 wt%至2.2 wt%。相同情況同樣適用於±5%之較佳範圍。
在較佳實施例中,混合氧化物基本上由Mn、Cu、Mg、Al及La以及氧(O)組成。亦即,混合金屬氧化物可由單一化學式表示,例如Mn
aCu
bMg
cAl
dLa
eO
f(其中a、b、c、d、e及f為元素之莫耳量)。同樣,金屬Mn、Cu、Mg、Al及La之重量百分比之總和將基本上等於100 wt%。
較佳的係,Mn與La之莫耳比為至少2.5:1及/或至多3:1。舉例而言,Mn與La之莫耳比較佳為2.5:1至3:1。換言之,比率a:e為2.5:1至3:1。較佳的係,Mn與Al之比率為至少10:1及/或至多12:1,例如比率a:d為10:1至12:1。較佳的係,Mn與Mg之比率為至少4:1及/或至多5:1,例如比率a:c為4:1至5:1。較佳的係,Mn與Cu之比率為至少7:1及/或至多7.5:1,例如比率a:b為7:1至7.5比1。
在本發明之另一態樣中,提供一種HVAC系統,其包含有包含Mn、Cu、Mg、Al及La之混合氧化物之無PGM催化劑製品。
較佳地,Mn、Cu、Mg、Al及La之混合氧化物為本文中關於用於處理排放氣體之方法所描述之混合氧化物。舉例而言,較佳的係,僅以金屬計,混合氧化物包含:
40至50 wt%之Mn;
6至8 wt%之Cu;
3至6 wt%之Mg;
1至3 wt%之Al;
35至45 wt%之La。
本發明人已發現,包含Mn、Cu、Mg、Al及La之混合金屬氧化物顯示較大VOC氧化活性以及對CO
2之選擇性。因此,氧化物可尤其有效地自HVAC系統中之空氣移除有害VOC污染物以用於提供經純化之室內空氣。特定言之,混合金屬氧化物在相對較低溫度下作為氧化催化劑尤其有效且因此尤其適合於此類低溫應用。
在下文中,催化劑A為比較催化劑,而催化劑MO為根據本發明之實例。
實例 混合金屬氧化物之製備共沈澱涉及在溶液中使用金屬硝酸鹽(Mn、Cu、Mg、Al、La)。使用鹼溶液作為沈澱劑(NaOH/Na
2CO
3)。金屬硝酸鹽溶液係藉由用脫礦質水使一個容器中之金屬硝酸鹽前驅體與一起溶解而獲得。為製備鹼溶液,將NaOH及Na
2CO
3混合在一起且添加脫礦質水。攪拌兩種溶液且隨後使用液體泵將其自容器轉移至反應器中。
表 1 :鹼溶液之製備
表 2 :金屬硝酸鹽溶液之製備
鹼 | 目標質量 (Kg) |
NaOH | 3.36 (2.8 M) |
Na 2CO 3 | 4.77 (1.5 M) |
鹼溶液用水 | 目標體積=30 L |
金屬硝酸鹽 | 目標質量 (Kg) |
硝酸錳(II)溶液 | 9.85 kg溶液(4.92 kg硝酸錳+4.92 kg H 2O) (27.45莫耳) |
半(五水合)硝酸銅(II) | 0.87 (3.74莫耳) |
六水合硝酸鑭(III) | 4.33 (9.9998莫耳) |
六水合硝酸鎂 | 1.6 (6.24莫耳) |
九水合硝酸鋁 | 0.94 (2.5莫耳) |
硝酸鹽溶液用水 | 目標體積=20 L 4.92 L來自Mn溶液,需要添加約15 L脫礦質H 2O |
藉由在攪拌下以保持pH值始終為約10至11之可控添加速率添加來自表1及表2之兩種溶液來進行共沈澱。可使用標準pH電極監測pH值。
添加可在約1小時之時段內進行且在完成添加之後將反應混合物再攪拌一小時。
一旦共沈澱完成,則需要進行洗滌及過濾。用大量脫礦質水充分沖洗沈澱物直至水之傳導性為新鮮脫礦質水之傳導性(例如約100 μS)。
最後,固體物質在105至110℃下在空氣中乾燥隔夜後研磨,接著在例如500℃下在空氣中煅燒2小時。所得混合金屬氧化物在本文中可稱為催化劑MO。
混合金屬氧化物之測試相對於已知的市售比較性無PGM基底金屬催化劑(催化劑A)來測試混合金屬氧化物。
催化劑A係根據WO 2010/123731製備且包含有包含鑭穩定化氧化鋁及鈰穩定化氧化鋯之載體。將錳以乙酸鹽形式添加至洗塗層漿液中,將該漿液分兩次塗覆兩遍於至陶瓷基板以提供3.3 g/in
3(0.2 g/cm
3)之目標洗塗層負載量。隨後將硝酸銅以375 g/ft
3(13,243 g/m
3)為目標進行浸漬。藉由ICP測定,僅以金屬計,催化劑A包含3 wt%之Mn及2 wt%之Cu。
將催化劑A核心碾碎、粒化、研磨及篩分。使用355至250 μm之篩分粒級進行測試。測試總共0.2 g經篩分之物質。
因此,混合氧化物為粉末,其無需進行碾碎。樣品亦在測試之前粒化、研磨及篩分。
實例 1 ( 甲醛及甲醇活性 ) : 燃氣引擎測試條件:100 ppm CH
4、20 ppm CH
2O、200 ppm NO
x、540 ppm CO、10% O
2、10% CO
2、10% H
2O、其餘為N
2;0.2 g催化劑(355至250 µm),流速=3.3 L/min,T斜升溫度=110至500℃。
結果顯示於圖1A及圖1B中。混合金屬氧化物(亦即,催化劑MO)在175℃下達成50%甲醛轉化率,而催化劑A在220℃下達成50%甲醛轉化率。類似地,催化劑A需要在270℃下方可達成50%甲醇轉化率,相比之下,混合金屬氧化物在211℃之較低溫度下便可達成。
實例 2 (CO 及 NO 活性 ) : 燃氣引擎測試條件:100 ppm CH
4、20 ppm CH
2O、200 ppm NO
x、540 ppm CO、10% O
2、10% CO
2、10% H
2O、其餘為N
2;0.2 g催化劑(355至250 µm),流速=3.3 L/min,T斜升溫度=110至500℃。
結果顯示於圖2A及圖2B中。混合金屬氧化物(亦即,催化劑MO)在243℃下達成50% CO轉化率,而催化劑A在272℃下達成50% CO轉化率。類似地,混合金屬氧化物之NO轉化之起始溫度為約225℃,而催化劑A之該溫度為約300℃。
實例 3 ( 甲醇及 CO 氧化 ) : VOC 測試條件:500 ppm甲醇、1000 ppm CO、15% O
2、5% H
2O、其餘為N
2;0.2 g催化劑(355至250 µm),流速=3.3 L/min,T斜升溫度=110至500℃。
結果顯示於圖3A及圖3B中。混合金屬氧化物(亦即,催化劑MO)在191℃下達成50%甲醇轉化率,而催化劑A在260℃下達成50%甲醇轉化率。類似地,催化劑A需要在275℃下方可達成50%CO轉化率,相比之下,混合金屬氧化物在222℃之較低溫度下便可達成。
另外,如圖3C及圖3D中所見,混合金屬氧化物對產生CO
2顯示更大的選擇性,使得所產生之甲醛之量減少。
實例 4 ( 乙醇及 CO 氧化 ) : VOC 測試條件:500 ppm乙醇、1000 ppm CO、15% O
2、5% H
2O、其餘為N
2;0.2 g催化劑(355至250 µm),流速=3.3 L/min,T斜升溫度=110至500℃。
結果顯示於圖4A及圖4B中。混合金屬氧化物(亦即,催化劑MO)在198℃下達成50%乙醇轉化率,而催化劑A在261℃下達成50%乙醇轉化率。類似地,催化劑A需要在288℃下方可達成50% CO轉化率,相比之下,混合金屬氧化物在236℃之較低溫度下便可達成。
另外,如圖4C及圖4D中所見,混合金屬氧化物產生之甲醛比催化劑A少。
實例 5 ( 丙烯及 CO 氧化 ) : VOC 測試條件:500 ppm丙烯、1000 ppm CO、15% O
2、5% H
2O、其餘為N
2;0.2 g催化劑(355至250 µm),流速=3.3 L/min,T斜升溫度=110至500℃。
結果顯示於圖5A及圖5B中。混合金屬氧化物(亦即,催化劑MO)在284℃下達成50%丙烯轉化率,而催化劑A在390℃之顯著較高溫度下達成50%丙烯轉化率。類似地,催化劑A需要在262℃下方可達成50% CO轉化率,相比之下,混合金屬氧化物在207℃之較低溫度下便可達成。
實例6 (乙烯及CO氧化):
VOC 測試條件:500 ppm乙烯、1000 ppm CO、15% O
2、5% H
2O、其餘為N
2;0.2 g催化劑(355至250 µm),流速=3.3 L/min,T斜升溫度=110至500℃。
結果顯示於圖6A及圖6B中。混合金屬氧化物(亦即,催化劑MO)在346℃下達成50%乙烯轉化率,而催化劑A在475℃之顯著較高溫度下達成50%乙烯轉化率。類似地,催化劑A需要在259℃下方可達成50% CO轉化率,相比之下,混合金屬氧化物在196℃之較低溫度下便可達成。
實例7 (丙烯、乙烯及CO氧化):
VOC 測試條件:500 ppm丙烯、500 ppm乙烯、1000 ppm CO、15% O
2、5% H
2O、剩其餘為N
2;0.2 g催化劑(355至250 µm),流速=3.3 L/min,T斜升溫度=110至500℃。
結果顯示於圖7A至圖7C中。混合金屬氧化物(亦即,催化劑MO)在335℃下達成50%乙烯轉化率且在247℃下達成50%丙烯轉化率,而催化劑A分別在435℃及355℃之顯著較高溫度下達成50%乙烯及丙烯轉化率。類似地,催化劑A需要在226℃下方可達成50% CO轉化率,相比之下,混合金屬氧化物在195℃之較低溫度下便可達成。
除非上下文另外明確規定,否則如本文所使用,單數形式「一(a/an)」及「該(the)」包括複數個參考物。術語「包含」之使用意欲解釋為包括此類特徵但不排除其他特徵,且亦意欲包括必須限於所描述之該等特徵之選項。換言之,除非上下文另外明確規定,否則該術語亦包括「基本上由……組成」(欲意謂可存在特定的其他組分,限制條件為其不會實質上影響所描述之特徵之基本特性)及「由……組成」(欲意謂不包括其他特徵,使得若組分按其比例之百分比表示,則此等百分比將總計為100%,同時考慮任何不可避免之雜質) 之侷限性。
前述實施方式已以解釋及說明之方式提供,且不意欲限制隨附申請專利範圍之範疇。本文中所說明之本發明之較佳實施例之許多變化將對一般熟習此項技術者顯而易見,且仍在隨附申請專利範圍及其等效物之範疇內。
現將參考以下非限制性圖式進一步描述本發明,其中:
圖1A及圖1B提供實例1之結果且分別描繪催化劑MO及已知的比較性基底金屬催化劑(催化劑A)在燃氣引擎測試條件下之相對於溫度的甲醛及甲醇之轉化率。
圖2A及圖2B提供實例2之結果且分別描繪催化劑MO及催化劑A在燃氣引擎測試條件下之相對於溫度的CO及NO之轉化率。
圖3A及圖3B提供實例3之結果且分別描繪催化劑MO及催化劑A在VOC測試條件下之相對於溫度的甲醇及CO之轉化率。圖3C及圖3D分別描繪所觀測之催化劑MO及催化劑A之相對於溫度的甲醛及CO
2之濃度。
圖4A及圖4B提供實例4之結果且分別描繪催化劑MO及催化劑A在VOC測試條件下之相對於溫度的乙醇及CO之轉化率。圖4C及圖4D分別描繪所觀測之催化劑MO及催化劑A之相對於溫度的乙醛及甲醛之濃度。
圖5A及圖5B提供實例5之結果且分別描繪催化劑MO及催化劑A在VOC測試條件下之相對於溫度的丙烯及CO之轉化率。
圖6A及圖6B提供實例6之結果且分別描繪催化劑MO及催化劑A在VOC測試條件下之相對於溫度的乙烯及CO之轉化率。
圖7A、圖7B及圖7C提供實例7之結果且分別描繪催化劑MO及催化劑A在VOC測試條件下之相對於溫度的乙烯、丙烯及CO之轉化率。
Claims (9)
- 一種用於處理包含一氧化碳(CO)及/或一或多種揮發性有機化合物(VOC)之排放氣體之方法,該方法包含使該排放氣體與包含Mn、Cu、Mg、Al及La之混合氧化物之無PGM催化劑製品接觸。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中僅以金屬計,該混合氧化物包含40至50 wt%之Mn及至少5 wt%之銅。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之方法,其中僅以金屬計,該混合氧化物包含: 40至50 wt%之Mn; 6至8 wt%之Cu; 3至6 wt%之Mg; 1至3 wt%之Al; 35至45 wt%之La。
- 如任一前述請求項之方法,其中僅以金屬計,該混合氧化物包含: 42至48 wt%之Mn; 約7 wt%之Cu; 約4.5 wt%之Mg; 約2 wt%之Al; 39至43 wt%之La。
- 如請求項3或請求項4之方法,其中該混合氧化物基本上由Mn、Cu、Mg、Al及La以及氧組成。
- 如任一前述請求項之方法,其中Mn與La之莫耳比為2.5:1至3:1。
- 如任一前述請求項之方法,其中該等VOC包含一或多種選自甲醇、乙醇、乙醛、甲醛、丙烯及乙烯之化合物。
- 如任一前述請求項之方法,其中該排放氣體係來自HVAC系統或係來自化學合成過程,較佳對苯二甲酸合成之尾氣。
- 一種HVAC系統,其包含有包含Mn、Cu、Mg、Al及La之混合氧化物之無PGM催化劑製品,較佳其中僅以金屬計,該混合氧化物包含: 40至50 wt%之Mn; 6至8 wt%之Cu; 3至6 wt%之Mg; 1至3 wt%之Al; 35至45 wt%之La。
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