TW202308620A - 包括gpr40促進劑以及sglt-2抑制物之醫藥組成物及其製備方法 - Google Patents
包括gpr40促進劑以及sglt-2抑制物之醫藥組成物及其製備方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本文中揭露了包括GPR40促進劑以及SGLT-2抑制物之醫藥組成物、其製備方法以及使用其治療二型糖尿病等的方法。
Description
本揭露的實施例是有關於一種包括GPR40促進劑以及SGLT-2抑制物之醫藥組成物、其製備方法以及使用其治療二型糖尿病等的方法。
糖尿病是一種由胰島素分泌受損或不足引起的代謝性疾病,且其特徵在於高血糖症(即,血液中葡萄糖過量),並且是一種導致各種微血管及大血管併發症及發病率的進行性、衰弱性疾病(progressive debilitating disorder)。二型糖尿病作為最常見的糖尿病類型,其特徵在於在一段時間的代償性高胰島素血症後,與胰島素分泌不足相關的胰島素抵抗增加。
已經證明游離脂肪酸(Free fatty acid,FFA)藉由主要增強葡萄糖刺激的胰島素分泌(glucose-stimulated insulin secretion,GSIS)來影響β細胞的胰島素分泌。已知在β細胞中表達的G蛋白偶聯受體(G-protein-coupled receptor,GPCR)因應於血漿葡萄糖水準的變化來調節胰島素的釋放。
亦被稱為脂肪酸受體1(FFAR1)的GPR40是一種膜結合的FFA受體(membrane-bound FFA receptor),其優先在胰島、尤其是其β細胞中進行表達,並介導中長鏈脂肪酸誘導的胰島素分泌。GPR40亦在腸內分泌細胞中進行表達。腸內分泌細胞中GPR40的激活促進腸的腸促胰島素激素(例如,GLP-1、GIP、CCK及PYY)的分泌。GPR40調節劑不僅可藉由腸促胰島素作用促進GSIS,而且有望與多種抗糖尿病藥物聯合使用。因此,此種GPR40調節劑可藉由增強血糖控制而有助於減輕二型糖尿病患者的醫療負擔。
鑒於該等優勢,許多製藥公司在過去幾年中一直致力於研發GPR40促進劑。然而,仍無市售的GPR40促進劑。幾個切實成果的實例為由日本武田製藥有限公司(Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. of Japan)研發的法西格利姆(fasiglifam)。法西格利姆是第一種進入臨床試驗的GPR40促進劑化合物,並已證明其對二型糖尿病患者具有降血糖功效。然而,在3期臨床試驗期間,由於擔心藥物誘導的肝毒性或藥物誘導的肝損傷(drug-induced liver injury,DILI),法西格利姆的研發被中斷。
因此,在患有包括糖尿病在內的代謝症候群的患者數量迅速增加的現代社會中,越來越需要使用具有增強葡萄糖依賴性胰島素分泌此種功能的GPR40促進劑來為二型糖尿病患者提供有效的治療。
作為GPR40促進劑,在韓國專利特開公報第10-2018-0069718號中揭露了由式I表示的化合物、所述化合物的外消旋物、所述化合物的鏡像異構物、所述化合物的非鏡像異構物、或所述化合物、所述外消旋物、所述鏡像異構物或所述非鏡像異構物的藥學上可接受的鹽,所述韓國專利特開公報的揭露內容全文併入本案供參考。
血漿葡萄糖通常經由腎小球進行過濾,並被近端小管主動重吸收。鈉-葡萄糖協同轉運蛋白2(Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2,SGLT-2)被認為是參與近端小管中的葡萄糖再攝取的主要轉運蛋白。作為腎臟中鈉依賴性葡萄糖轉運蛋白的SGLT-2的選擇性抑制物預期能夠藉由提高胰島素敏感性及藉由增加尿中葡萄糖的排泄來延遲糖尿病併發症的發作而使血漿葡萄糖水準正常化。
<相關文獻>
<專利文件>
韓國專利特開公報第10-2018-0069718號
<非專利文件>
[技術問題]
本揭露的實施例提供一種醫藥組成物,所述醫藥組成物可安全使用而不會引起例如低血糖症等副作用,同時藉由有效降低糖尿病患者的血糖水準來達成胰島素分泌的增加及胰島素抵抗障礙的改善。
本揭露的實施例提供一種醫藥組成物,所述醫藥組成物可藉由具有降血糖效果的兩種藥物的組合來達成協同效應。
[技術解決方案]
根據本揭露的一個態樣,提供了一種醫藥組成物,所述醫藥組成物用於預防、緩解或治療選自由二型糖尿病、高胰島素血症、葡萄糖耐量受損障礙及胰島素抵抗障礙組成的群組中的任何疾病,其中所述醫藥組成物包含GPR40促進劑及SGLT2抑制物,所述GPR40促進劑為由式1表示的化合物、所述化合物的外消旋物、所述化合物的鏡像異構物、所述化合物的非鏡像異構物、或所述化合物、所述外消旋物、所述鏡像異構物或所述非鏡像異構物的藥學上可接受的鹽。
根據本揭露的另一態樣,提供了一種預防、緩解或治療選自由以下組成的群組中的任何疾病的方法:二型糖尿病、高胰島素血症、葡萄糖耐量受損及胰島素抵抗,其中所述方法包括向有此需求的患者提供GPR40促進劑及SGLT2抑制物,所述GPR40促進劑是由式1表示的化合物、所述化合物的外消旋物、所述化合物的鏡像異構物、所述化合物的非鏡像異構物、或所述化合物、所述外消旋物、所述鏡像異構物或所述非鏡像異構物的藥學上可接受的鹽。
根據本揭露的又一態樣,提供了一種製備醫藥組成物的方法,所述醫藥組成物用於預防、緩解或治療選自由二型糖尿病、高胰島素血症、葡萄糖耐量受損及胰島素抵抗組成的群組中的任何疾病,其中所述方法包括將GPR40促進劑及SGLT2抑制物配製成單一劑型或分開的劑型,所述GPR40促進劑是由式1表示的化合物、所述化合物的外消旋物、所述化合物的鏡像異構物、所述化合物的非鏡像異構物、或所述化合物、所述外消旋物、所述鏡像異構物或所述非鏡像異構物的藥學上可接受的鹽。
[有益效果]
藉由聯合使用GPR40促進劑及SGLT2抑制物,可安全地使用根據本揭露的醫藥組成物,而不會引起例如低血糖症等副作用,藉此產生較單獨使用GPR40促進劑及SGLT2抑制物更佳的效果,並因此使得能夠減少劑量,同時藉由有效降低糖尿病患者的血糖水準來達成胰島素分泌的增加及胰島素抵抗障礙的改善。
此外,根據本揭露的醫藥組成物可藉由GPR40促進劑及SGLT2抑制物的協同降血糖效果而有效降低糖尿病患者的血糖水準。
本揭露的一個態樣是有關於一種醫藥組成物,所述醫藥組成物用於預防、緩解或治療選自由二型糖尿病、空腹血糖受損、高血糖症、葡萄糖耐量受損障礙及胰島素抵抗障礙組成的群組中的任何疾病,其中所述醫藥組成物包含:由式1表示的化合物、所述化合物的外消旋物、所述化合物的鏡像異構物、所述化合物的非鏡像異構物、或所述化合物、所述外消旋物、所述鏡像異構物、所述非鏡像異構物的藥學上可接受的鹽;及SGLT2抑制物。
所述由式1表示的化合物是在韓國專利特開公報第10-2018-0069718號中作為實例5揭露的化合物,其通式為(
S)-3-(4-(((
R)-7-氟-4-(6-(((
R)-四氫呋喃-3-基)氧基)吡啶-3-基)-2,3-二氫-1
H-茚-1-基)氧基)苯基)己-4-炔酸((
S)-3-(4-(((
R)-7-fluoro-4-(6-(((
R)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)pyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1
H-inden-1-yl)oxy)phenyl)hex-4-ynoic acid)。
所述化合物具有激活GPR40的能力,可口服施用,並具有誘導葡萄糖依賴性胰島素分泌的機制。因此,所述化合物極為有效地將血糖降低至正常水準,而不會引起例如低血糖症等副作用。
所述由式1表示的化合物可以外消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物或其藥學上可接受的鹽的形式使用。具體而言,就溶解度或穩定性而言,較佳的是使所述化合物以其S-異構物的游離酸形式使用。
此外,所述化合物藉由其中基於GPR40的降血糖作用而包含GPR40的直接或間接機制而對肥胖症及高血壓具有預防及/或治療效果。因此,本揭露的另一態樣是有關於所述醫藥組成物用於預防、改善或治療選自由高脂血症、高甘油三酯血症、高膽固醇血症及血脂異常組成的群組中的任何代謝疾病的新穎藥物用途。
本揭露的發明人發現,由式1表示的化合物與鈉-葡萄糖協同轉運蛋白2(SGLT2)抑制物的聯合使用可表現出遠遠超過該兩種藥物獨立作用時的降血糖效果的簡單總和的協同降血糖作用,且因此相較於所述兩種藥物單獨使用以具有相同水準的降血糖效果時,可顯著減少副作用。
可與由式1表示的化合物一起施用的SGLT2抑制物的實例可包括卡格列淨(canagliflozin)、達格列淨(dapagliflozin)、恩格列淨(empagliflozin)、貝沙格列淨(bexagliflozin)、埃格列淨(ertugliflozin)、瑞格列淨(remogliflozin)、托格列淨(tofogliflozin)、魯格列淨(luseogliflozin)、伊格列淨(ipragliflozin)及索格列淨(sotagliflozin)。具體而言,SGLT2抑制物可為達格列淨、卡格列淨、埃格列淨或恩格列淨。更具體而言,SGLT2抑制物可為達格列淨或恩格列淨。SGLT2抑制物可為其游離酸的形式或其藥學上可接受的鹽、酯或溶劑化物的形式。
儘管構成所述組成物的由式1表示的化合物及SGLT2抑制物可一起包含在一種製劑中,但應理解,本揭露並非僅限於此,並且由式1表示的化合物與SGLT2抑制物可分開或依序施用。亦即,由式1表示的化合物與SGLT2抑制物可以分開的劑型存在,以分開或依序施用至患者。然而,就用藥方便性及依從性而言,較佳的是將由式1表示的化合物與SGLT2抑制物一起包含在一種製劑中。
所述組成物可一次或多次施用至有此需求的受試者,並且可以能夠利用最少用藥獲得最大效果而無副作用的劑量進行施用。具體而言,根據本揭露的醫藥組成物的有效劑量可依據患者的年齡、性別、身體狀況、體重、對活性成分的吸收性、疾病類型及其他藥物而改變。
由式1表示的化合物對SGLT2抑制物的重量比可在0.2:9.8至9:1、具體而言1:9至8:2、且更具體而言2:8至7:3的範圍內。在此範圍內,每種藥物可藉由其特定的藥理學機制發揮降血糖效果,並且可藉由兩種藥物的不同藥理學機制產生血糖控制的協同效應。
以所述醫藥組成物的總重量計,由式1表示的化合物的含量可為0.5重量%(wt%)至20重量%,具體而言為0.5重量%至10重量%,並且以所述醫藥組成物的總重量計,SGLT2抑制物的含量可為0.5重量%至20重量%,具體而言為0.5重量%至10重量%。
所述組成物的日劑量可在約0.0001毫克/千克至100毫克/千克、具體而言0.1毫克/千克至50毫克/千克的範圍內,並且可以單劑量或分劑量施用,但並非僅限於此。當所述醫藥組成物的日劑量在0.1毫克/千克至50毫克/千克的範圍內時,可確保所述醫藥組成物的正確及安全使用,而無例如低血糖症等副作用,同時藉由有效降低血糖水準而在糖尿病患者中達成胰島素分泌的增加及胰島素抵抗障礙的改善。由式1表示的化合物的劑量可在0.01毫克/天至100毫克/天、具體而言0.1毫克/天至50毫克/天的範圍內,並且SGLT2抑制物的劑量可在0.01毫克/天至100毫克/天、具體而言0.1毫克/天至50毫克/天的範圍內。
除了由式1表示的化合物及SGLT2抑制物之外,所述醫藥組成物還可包含藥學上可接受的載體、賦形劑或稀釋劑。
所述藥學上可接受的載體、賦形劑或稀釋劑可包括乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、山梨醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、赤蘚糖醇、麥芽糖醇、澱粉、阿拉伯樹膠、磷酸鈣、藻酸鹽、明膠、矽酸鈣、甲基纖維素、纖維素、微晶纖維素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、水、羥基苯甲酸甲酯、羥基苯甲酸丙酯、滑石、硬脂酸鎂及礦物油,但並非僅限於此。以所述醫藥組成物的總固體重量計,所述藥學上可接受的載體、賦形劑或稀釋劑的含量可為1重量%至85重量%、或5重量%至75重量%。
在所述醫藥組成物的製劑中,可使用此項技術中常用的稀釋劑或賦形劑,例如填充劑、黏合劑、體積膨脹劑、濕潤劑、崩解劑及界面活性劑。
根據本揭露的所述醫藥組成物可藉由各種途徑施用至受試者。所述醫藥組成物可藉由此項技術中已知的任何合適的途徑施用。舉例而言,所述醫藥組成物可口服、鼻內、經支氣管、動脈內、靜脈內、皮下、肌內或腹膜內施用。具體而言,所述醫藥組成物可以固體口服劑型(例如,片劑或膠囊)施用。更具體而言,所述醫藥組成物可被製備成單層片劑、雙層片劑或核-殼型雙層片劑的形式。
根據本揭露的醫藥組成物可在不影響本揭露的兩種藥物(即,由式1表示的化合物及SGLT2抑制物)的協同效應的情況下更包括另一種抗糖尿病藥劑或降血糖藥劑。
舉例而言,所述抗糖尿病藥劑或降血糖藥劑可包括:選自由二甲雙胍(metformin)、丁雙胍(buformin)及苯乙雙胍(phenformin)組成的群組中的雙胍類藥物;選自由曲格列酮(troglitazone)、環格列酮(ciglitazone)、羅格列酮(rosiglitazone)、吡格列酮(pioglitazone)及恩格列酮(englitazone)組成的群組中的胰島素增敏劑;選自由西他列汀(sitagliptin)、利格列汀(linagliptin)、維達列汀(vildagliptin)、吉格列汀(gemigliptin)、沙格列汀(saxagliptin)、阿格列汀(alogliptin)、特利列汀(teneligliptin)、阿拉格列汀(anagliptin)及依格列汀(evogliptin)組成的群組中的DPP4抑制物;選自由艾塞那肽(exenatide)、利西那肽(lixisenatide)、利拉魯肽(liraglutide)、阿必魯肽(albiglutide)及度拉糖肽(dulaglutide)組成的群組中的胰高血糖素樣肽(GLP)1促進劑;選自由甘胺醯胺(glycylamide)、格列生脲(glisentide)、格列戊脲(glypentide)、格列吡嗪(glipizide)、格列本脲(glibenclamide)、格列齊特(gliclazide)、格列美脲(glimepiride)、妥拉磺脲(tolazamide)、甲苯磺丁脲(tolbutamide)、醋酸己脲(acetohexamide)、胺磺丁脲(carbutamide)、氯磺丙脲(chlorpropamide)、格列波脲(glibornuride)、格列喹酮(gliquidone)、羥乙醯胺(glycoamide)、格列派特(glisoxepide)及格列吡脲(glyclopiamide)組成的群組中的胰島素促分泌劑;以及選自由阿卡波糖(acarbose)、伏格列波糖(voglibose)、乙格列酯(emiglitate)及米格列醇(miglitol)組成的群組中的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制物。
本揭露的又一態樣是有關於一種預防、緩解或治療選自由以下組成的群組中的任何疾病的方法:二型糖尿病、高胰島素血症、葡萄糖耐量受損障礙及胰島素抵抗障礙,其中所述方法包括向有此需求的患者提供GPR40促進劑及SGLT2抑制物,所述GPR40促進劑是由式1表示的化合物、或其外消旋物、鏡像異構物、非鏡像異構物、或藥學上可接受的鹽。在所述方法中,由式1表示的化合物與SGLT2抑制物可在一種製劑中施用,或者可分開或依序施用以增強其治療效果。因此,在所述方法中,由式1表示的化合物與SGLT2抑制物亦可以分開的劑型存在,以依序或分開施用至患者。
關於所述治療方法中的藥物中的每一者的劑量、施用方法及施用途徑的細節,參見本揭露的前述態樣。
本揭露的再一態樣是有關於一種製備醫藥組成物的方法,所述醫藥組成物用於預防、緩解或治療選自由二型糖尿病、高胰島素血症、葡萄糖耐量受損障礙及胰島素抵抗障礙組成的群組中的任何疾病,其中所述方法包括將GPR40促進劑及SGLT2抑制物與藥學上可接受的賦形劑、載體或稀釋劑一起或分開配製,所述GPR40促進劑是由式1表示的化合物、所述化合物的外消旋物、所述化合物的鏡像異構物、所述化合物的非鏡像異構物、或所述化合物、所述外消旋物、所述鏡像異構物或所述非鏡像異構物的藥學上可接受的鹽。
關於在所述製備方法中的藥物中的每一者的劑量、施用方法及施用的細節,參見本揭露的前述態樣。
接下來,將參照一些實例更詳細地描述本揭露。然而,應注意,提供該等實例僅用於例示目的,而不應將該等實例以任何方式解釋為限制本揭露。
[實例]
實例1:聯合使用由式1表示的化合物及達格列淨對降低血糖水準的協同效應。
在此實驗中,藉由在韓國專利特開公報第10-2018-0069718號的實例5中描述的方法製備了由式1表示的化合物,並且使用達格列淨(HY-10450,醫藥科技股份有限公司(MedChemExpress Co., Ltd.))。作為對照組,使用載劑(0.5%羧甲基纖維素(carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC))。
在8至10週齡的雄性斯普拉格-杜勒(Sprague-Dawley,SD)大鼠適應環境至少1週後,使用健康大鼠進行口服葡萄糖耐量試驗(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)。
在禁食16小時後,將大鼠隨機分組,每組有5隻體重及血糖水準相似的大鼠,隨後施用載劑(0.5%羧甲基纖維素(CMC))、單獨的0.3毫克/千克的由式1表示的化合物、單獨的0.1毫克/千克的達格列淨、或0.3毫克/千克的由式1表示的化合物與0.1毫克/千克的達格列淨的組合。在施用所述藥物中的每一者1小時後,以10毫升/千克的劑量腹膜內注射葡萄糖(2克/千克)。在注射葡萄糖前60分鐘及注射葡萄糖後0分鐘、15分鐘、30分鐘、60分鐘及120分鐘,使用血糖儀(格魯克DR艾爾麥迪克斯股份有限公司(Gluco DR. Almedicus. Co. Ltd.))藉由尾靜脈穿刺量測了血糖水準。結果由相對於施用載劑的血糖曲線下面積(AUC)的減少率(%)表示。
根據上述方法在注射葡萄糖後0至60分鐘及0至120分鐘量測AUC的結果示出於表1及圖1中。
表1
式1的化合物(0.3 mg/kg) | 達格列淨(0.1 mg/kg) | 式1的化合物與達格列淨的簡單總和 | 式1的化合物與達格列淨的組合 | |
AUC (0-60 min) | 17.9% | 9.8% | 27.7% | 37.2% (>27.7%) |
AUC (0-120 min) | 18.1% | 6.7% | 24.8% | 31.9% (> 24.8%) |
實例2:聯合使用由式1表示的化合物與恩格列淨對降低血糖水準的協同效應。
除了使用0.3毫克/千克的恩格列淨(HY-15409,醫藥科技股份有限公司)代替0.1毫克/千克的達格列淨之外,以與實例1中相同的方式進行了實驗。結果示出於表2及圖2中。
表2
由式1表示的化合物(0.3 mg/kg) | 恩格列淨(0.3 mg/kg) | 由式1表示的化合物與恩格列淨的簡單總和 | 由式1表示的化合物與恩格列淨的組合 | |
AUC (0-60 min) | 21.3% | 5.5% | 26.8% | 34.8% (>26.8%) |
AUC (0-120 min) | 21.6% | 4.0% | 25.6% | 33.8% (> 25.6%) |
結果表明,相較於單獨施用由式1表示的化合物或單獨施用達格列淨或恩格列淨,聯合施用由式1表示的化合物與SGLT2抑制物(達格列淨或恩格列淨)可產生降低血糖水準的協同效應。
無
圖1的A示出在聯合施用由式1表示的化合物及達格列淨之後自0至120分鐘血糖水準的變化的量測結果,圖1的B示出在聯合施用之後自0至60分鐘血糖曲線下面積(area under the blood glucose curve,AUC)的量測結果,且圖1的C示出在聯合施用之後自0至120分鐘AUC的量測結果。
圖2的A示出在聯合施用由式1表示的化合物及恩格列淨之後自0至120分鐘血糖水準的變化的量測結果,圖2的B示出在聯合施用之後自0至60分鐘血糖曲線下面積(AUC)的量測結果,且圖2的C示出在聯合施用之後自0至120分鐘AUC的量測結果。
Claims (10)
- 如請求項1所述的醫藥組成物,其中所述SGLT2抑制物選自由卡格列淨、達格列淨、恩格列淨、貝沙格列淨、埃格列淨、瑞格列淨、托格列淨、魯格列淨、伊格列淨及索格列淨組成的群組。
- 如請求項2所述的醫藥組成物,其中所述SGLT2抑制物是達格列淨或恩格列淨。
- 如請求項1所述的醫藥組成物,其中所述醫藥組成物以固體口服劑型施用。
- 如請求項4所述的醫藥組成物,其中所述固體口服劑型為片劑或膠囊。
- 如請求項1所述的醫藥組成物,更包含藥學上可接受的載體、賦形劑或稀釋劑。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項所述的醫藥組成物,其中由式1表示的所述化合物對所述SGLT2抑制物的重量比介於0.2:9.8至9:1的範圍內。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項所述的醫藥組成物,其中由式1表示的所述化合物為其游離酸的形式。
- 如請求項1至6中任一項所述的醫藥組成物,更包含: 選自由二甲雙胍、丁雙胍及苯乙雙胍組成的群組中的雙胍類藥物; 選自由曲格列酮、環格列酮、羅格列酮、吡格列酮及恩格列酮組成的群組中的胰島素增敏劑; 選自由西他列汀、利格列汀、維達列汀、吉格列汀、沙格列汀、阿格列汀、特利列汀、阿拉格列汀及依格列汀組成的群組中的DPP4抑制物; 選自由艾塞那肽、利西那肽、利拉魯肽、阿必魯肽及度拉糖肽組成的群組中的胰高血糖素樣肽(GLP)1促進劑; 選自由甘胺醯胺、格列生脲、格列戊脲、格列吡嗪、格列本脲、格列齊特、格列美脲、妥拉磺脲、甲苯磺丁脲、醋酸己脲、胺磺丁脲、氯磺丙脲、格列波脲、格列喹酮、羥乙醯胺、格列派特及格列吡脲組成的群組中的胰島素促分泌劑;以及 選自由阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖、乙格列酯及米格列醇組成的群組中的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制物。
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