TW202244170A - 用於滴流浸漬之單組份可聚合性組合物 - Google Patents
用於滴流浸漬之單組份可聚合性組合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202244170A TW202244170A TW111107144A TW111107144A TW202244170A TW 202244170 A TW202244170 A TW 202244170A TW 111107144 A TW111107144 A TW 111107144A TW 111107144 A TW111107144 A TW 111107144A TW 202244170 A TW202244170 A TW 202244170A
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- epoxy resin
- based composition
- component epoxy
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Abstract
本發明大體上係關於一種單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其包括環氧樹脂、反應性稀釋劑、衍生自環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺之氰基乙醯胺、可在大於約50℃之溫度下加熱後釋放鹼的呈加合物或鹽形式之受保護鹼,及多元酸;及其在滴流浸漬製程中之用途。
Description
本發明大體上係關於一種在環境溫度下穩定儲存,且在一些實施例中無CMR (亦即,其不含致癌、致突變及對生殖系統有毒之物質)之環氧樹脂基組合物,其可以工業規模之量運輸而無需冷卻,及其在滴流浸漬、熱浸軋及真空浸漬製程中浸漬電動機、發電機及變壓器之用途。
轉子或定子之電線線圈的樹脂浸漬為在電動機之生產中的重要製程。習知浸漬方法為使用基於無溶劑之絕緣樹脂的滴流浸漬及浸入式浸漬。在滴流浸漬中,將絕緣樹脂滴加至以適中速度旋轉之經加熱繞組上,直至達成完全浸漬。樹脂之後續固化可在低溫下或高溫下實現,視所採用之樹脂而定。在浸入式浸漬中,預加熱轉子或定子,接著固定在設備上且在旋轉的同時浸漬至充滿絕緣樹脂之浸漬槽中。在繞組完全浸漬之後,自浸漬槽移除轉子或定子,同時繼續旋轉直至樹脂已膠凝。在一些情況下,可能有必要在烘箱中進行後固化以使樹脂完全固化。
不飽和聚酯樹脂及環氧樹脂通常用於滴流浸漬及浸入式浸漬製程之單組份絕緣樹脂系統中。然而,此等目前先進技術之樹脂系統不具有足夠的儲存穩定性,抑或過於黏稠,對主要絕緣層具有不佳黏著性,具有過低玻璃轉移溫度而使得其不適合於高溫應用,或含有有毒材料。
因此,需要開發能夠用於滴流浸漬及浸入式浸漬製程(需要樹脂在環境溫度下具有適中黏度且在塗覆溫度下具有低黏度)且展現良好浸漬能力、對主要絕緣層的良好黏著力、具有較快反應性且在較長時間內具有儲存穩定性的替代無毒絕緣樹脂系統。
本發明大體上提供一種單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其包括:(a)環氧樹脂;(b)反應性稀釋劑;(c)衍生自環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺之氰基乙醯胺;(d)呈加合物或鹽形式之受保護鹼,其可在大於約50℃之溫度下加熱後釋放鹼;及(e)多元酸。
在再一實施例中,提供單組份環氧樹脂基組合物作為用於電動機、變壓器及發電機之浸漬或塗層組合物的用途。
在另一實施例中,提供一種形成經浸漬基板之製程,其包括以下步驟:藉由浸入式浸漬、真空浸漬或滴流浸漬將本發明之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物塗覆至基板上以形成經浸漬基板及固化所塗覆之組合物。
本發明大體上係關於一種單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其含有環氧樹脂、反應性稀釋劑、衍生自環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺之氰基乙醯胺、可在大於約50℃之溫度下加熱後釋放鹼的呈加合物或鹽形式之受保護鹼,及多元酸。出人意料地發現,本發明之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物在130℃下具有高反應性,產生高玻璃轉移溫度(Tg),提供對主要絕緣材料之良好潤濕及黏著力,且因此尤其適用作用於捲繞導體(例如電動機之定子及轉子、變壓器及發電機)之次要絕緣材料。另外,當在單組分中調配時,本發明之環氧樹脂基組合物在環境溫度下具有極佳儲存穩定性,尤其在長時段內之黏度及結晶耐性方面。因為單組份環氧樹脂基組合物在約90℃至約120℃之塗覆溫度下亦展現低黏度,所以其可尤其適用於滴流及浸入式浸漬製程。最後,本發明之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物無CMR且無H361,使得其對環境非常友好。
以下術語應具有以下含義:
術語「包含」及其衍生詞並不意欲排除任何額外組份、步驟或程序之存在,無論其是否揭示於本文中。為避免任何疑問,除非相反地指出,否則本文中所有經由使用術語「包含」主張的組合物可包括任何其他添加劑、佐劑或化合物。相比而言,術語「基本上由……組成(consisting essentially of)」若出現於本文中,則自任何隨後列舉之範圍中排除任何其他組份、步驟或程序(對可操作性而言並非必需的彼等組份、步驟或程序除外),且若使用術語「由……組成(consisting of)」,則其排除任何非具體描述或列舉之組份、步驟或程序。除非另外說明,否則術語「或」係指個別地以及以任何組合形式列出之成員。
冠詞「一(a/an)」在本文中用於指代該冠詞之語法對象中之一者或多於一者(亦即至少一者)。舉例而言,「一環氧樹脂」意謂一種環氧樹脂或一種以上環氧樹脂。片語「在一個實施例中」、「根據一個實施例」及其類似者一般意謂片語之後的具體特徵、結構或特性包括於本發明之至少一個實施例中且可包括於本發明之多於一個實施例中。重要地,此類片語未必指代同一態樣。若本說明書陳述「可(may/can/could/might)」包括一種組份或特徵或具有一種特性,則不必要包括該具體組份或特徵或具有該特性。
如本文所用之術語「約」可允許值或範圍的一定程度之變化,例如其可在規定值或範圍之規定界限值的10%內、5%內或1%內。
以範圍形式表示之值應以靈活方式解釋為不僅包括如範圍限制明確列舉之數值,且亦包括在該範圍內所涵蓋之所有個別數值或子範圍,如同明確敍述各數值及子範圍一般。舉例而言,諸如1至6之範圍應被視為已具體地揭示了子範圍,諸如1至3、2至4、3至6等,以及彼範圍內之個別數值,例如1、2、3、4、5及6。不管範圍之廣度如何,此均適用。
術語「較佳的」及「較佳地」係指在某些情形下可提供某些益處的實施例。然而,在相同或其他情況下,其他實施例亦可為較佳的。此外,一或多個較佳實施例之敍述並不暗示其他實施例並不適用且並不意欲自本發明之範疇排除其他實施例。
術語「單組份(one-component/one component/one-part)」組合物係指單一容器、較佳防潮容器中所容納之組合物,且該組合物具有一定儲存穩定性。術語「雙組份」組合物係指其中兩種組份(A及B)彼此實體上分離(例如在獨立筒、隔室、運送包、滾筒或其他容器中)之組合物,其中組份A及B在組合物用於形成固化樹脂時以物理方式組合(摻合)。
術語「儲存穩定性」係指在排除濕氣之情況下組合物在環境溫度下儲存於適合容器中持續一定時間間隔之能力,諸如在不經受塗覆特性或最終用途特性之顯著變化的情況下(例如,伴有輕微(低於約5%或低於約4%或低於約3%)結晶或不結晶,及/或伴有輕微(低於約5%或低於約4%或低於約3%)黏度增加或黏度無增加),儲存至少三個月、或至少四個月、或至少五個月或至少六個月。
術語「環境溫度」係指周圍環境之溫度(例如,使用組合物之區域、建築物或房間之溫度),不包括由於將熱量直接施加至組合物以促進固化而發生的任何溫度變化。環境溫度可在約10℃至約30℃、更特定言之約15℃至約25℃之範圍內。
術語「在範圍內」或「處於範圍內」 (及類似陳述)包括所陳述範圍之端點。
術語「主要絕緣」係指電絕緣,亦即不導電之絕緣。主要絕緣可包括(但不限於)聚碸、聚苯碸(「PPSU」)、聚硫化物、聚苯硫醚(「PPS」)、聚醚酮(「PEK」)、聚醚醚酮(「PEEK」)、聚芳基醚酮(「PAEK」)、聚醯胺醚酮、熱塑性聚醯亞胺及芳族聚醯胺。
在取代基藉由其自左至右書寫之習知化學式指定時,其同樣涵蓋將由將結構自右向左書寫而產生之化學上相同的取代基,例如,-CH
2O-等效於-OCH
2-。
術語「視情況選用之」或「視情況」意謂隨後所描述之事件或情形可發生或可不發生,且該描述包括其中該事件或情形發生之情況及其中該事件或情形不發生之情況。
根據一個實施例,本發明係關於一種單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其包括:(a)環氧樹脂;(b)反應性稀釋劑;(c)衍生自環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺之氰基乙醯胺;(d)呈加合物或鹽形式之受保護鹼,其可在大於約50℃之溫度下加熱後釋放鹼;(e)多元酸;及視情況選用之(f)一或多種添加劑。
一般而言,任何含環氧基化合物適用作本發明中之環氧樹脂,諸如美國專利第5,476,748號;第6,506,494號;第6,632,893號;第6,376,564號;第6,348,513號;第8,742,018號及第8,440,746號中所揭示之含環氧基化合物,其以引用之方式併入本文中。環氧樹脂可為脂族、環脂族、雜環、芳族、經氫化或其混合物。在一些實施例中,環氧樹脂每分子含有平均超過1.5個環氧基且較佳每分子含有至少2個環氧基。環氧樹脂之重量平均分子量亦可在約150至約10,000 g/eq之間或在約180至約1,000 g/eq之間。
在一個實施例中,環氧樹脂可為聚縮水甘油基環氧化合物。聚縮水甘油基環氧化合物可為聚縮水甘油醚、聚(β-甲基縮水甘油基)醚、聚縮水甘油酯或聚(β-甲基縮水甘油基)酯。聚縮水甘油醚、聚(β-甲基縮水甘油基)醚、聚縮水甘油酯或聚(β-甲基縮水甘油基)酯之合成及實例揭示於美國專利第5,972,563號中,其以引用的方式併入本文中。舉例而言,縮水甘油醚可藉由使具有至少一個游離醇羥基及/或酚羥基之化合物與經適合取代之表氯醇在鹼性條件下或在酸性催化劑存在下反應,隨後進行鹼處理來獲得。含羥基化合物可為例如非環醇,諸如乙二醇、二乙二醇及高碳聚(氧伸乙基)二醇、丙烷-1,2-二醇或聚(氧伸丙基)二醇、丙烷-1,3-二醇、丁烷-1,4-二醇、聚(氧基四亞甲基)二醇、戊烷-1,5-二醇、己烷-1,6-二醇、己烷-2,4,6-三醇、甘油、1,1,1-三羥甲基丙烷、雙三羥甲基丙烷、新戊四醇及山梨糖醇。然而,合適之縮水甘油醚亦可自環脂族醇獲得,諸如1,3-或1,4-二羥基環己烷、雙(4-羥基環-己基)甲烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基環己基)丙烷或1,1-雙(羥甲基)環己-3-烯,或其可具有芳環,諸如N,N-雙(2-羥乙基)苯胺或p,p'-雙(2-羥基乙基胺基)二苯基甲烷。
聚縮水甘油醚或聚(β-甲基縮水甘油基)醚之尤其重要代表係基於例如間苯二酚或對苯二酚之單環酚;基於多環酚例如雙(4-羥苯基)甲烷(雙酚F)、2,2-雙(4-羥苯基)丙烷(雙酚A)、雙(4-羥苯基)碸(雙酚S)、烷氧基化雙酚A、F或S、三醇延伸之雙酚A、F或S、溴化雙酚A、F或S、氫化雙酚A、F或S、酚之縮水甘油醚及帶有側基或鏈之酚;基於酸性條件下獲得之酚或甲酚與甲醛之縮合產物,諸如雙酚A酚醛清漆及甲酚酚醛清漆;或基於矽氧烷二縮水甘油。
聚縮水甘油酯及聚(β-甲基縮水甘油基)酯可藉由使表氯醇或甘油二氯丙醇或β-甲基表氯醇與多羧酸化合物反應而產生。該反應宜在鹼存在下進行。多羧酸化合物可為例如戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸或二聚亞麻油酸或三聚亞麻油酸。然而同樣地,亦有可能使用環脂族多羧酸,例如四氫鄰苯二甲酸、4-甲基四氫鄰苯二甲酸、六氫鄰苯二甲酸或4-甲基六氫鄰苯二甲酸。亦有可能使用芳族多羧酸,諸如鄰苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、偏苯三甲酸或苯均四酸,或亦可使用羧基封端之加合物,例如偏苯三甲酸及多元醇,例如甘油或2,2-雙(4-羥基環己基)丙烷。
在另一實施例中,環氧樹脂可為非縮水甘油基環氧化合物。非縮水甘油基環氧化合物在結構上可為線性、支化或環狀。舉例而言,可包括一或多種環氧化合物,其中環氧基團形成脂環或雜環系統之一部分。其他包括含環氧基化合物,其具有至少一個直接或間接鍵結至含有至少一個矽原子之基團的環氧環己基。實例揭示於美國專利第5,639,413號,其以引用之方式併入本文中。另外其他包括含有一或多個環氧環己烷基團之環氧化物及含有一或多個環氧環戊烷基團之環氧化物。
非縮水甘油基環氧化合物之特定實例包括以下:雙官能非縮水甘油基環氧化合物,其中環氧基團形成脂環或雜環系統之部分:雙(2,3-環氧環戊基)醚、1,2-雙(2,3-環氧環戊基氧基)乙烷、3,4-環氧基環己烷甲酸3,4-環氧環己基-甲酯、3,4-環氧基-6-甲基環己烷甲酸3,4-環氧基-6-甲基-環己基甲酯、二(3,4-環氧環己基甲基)己烷二酸酯、二(3,4-環氧基-6-甲基環己基甲基)己烷二酸酯、乙烯雙(3,4-環氧基環己烷甲酸酯)及乙二醇二(3,4-環氧環己基甲基)。
在一些特定實施例中,雙官能非縮水甘油基環氧化合物包括環脂族雙官能非縮水甘油基環氧化物,諸如3',4'-環氧基環己烷甲酸3,4-環氧環己基-甲酯及2,2'-雙(3,4-環氧基-環己基)-丙烷,其中前者最佳。
在另一實施例中,環氧樹脂為不飽和脂肪酸酯之環氧化產物。較佳使用衍生自具有12至22個碳原子及30至400之碘值的單脂肪酸及多脂肪酸的含環氧基化合物,例如月桂烯酸、肉豆蔻油酸、棕櫚油酸、油酸、鱈油酸、芥子酸、蓖麻油酸、亞麻油酸、次亞麻油酸、反油酸、十八碳-9,11,13-二烯-4-酮酸(licanic acid)、二十碳四烯酸及二十二碳五烯酸。舉例而言,以下環氧化產物為適合的:大豆油、亞麻籽油、紫蘇油、桐油、奧蒂樹油、紅花油、罌粟子油、大麻油、棉籽油、葵花籽油、菜籽油、多不飽和三酸甘油酯、來自大戟屬植物之三酸甘油酯、花生油、橄欖油、橄欖果核油、杏仁油、木棉油、榛子油、杏核油、山毛櫸堅果油、羽扇豆油、玉米油、芝麻油、葡萄籽油、拉曼油、蓖麻油、鯡魚油、沙丁魚油、步魚油、鯨油、松油及其衍生物。藉由彼等油之後續脫氫反應獲得之較高不飽和衍生物亦為適合的。上述化合物之不飽和脂肪酸基團的烯系雙鍵可根據已知方法環氧化,例如藉由視情況在催化劑、氫過氧化烷基或過酸(過甲酸或過氧乙酸)存在下與過氧化氫反應。在本發明之範疇內,完全環氧化油及仍含有游離雙鍵之部分環氧化衍生物兩者可用作環氧樹脂。
在又一態樣中,環氧樹脂可為聚(N-縮水甘油基)化合物或聚(S-縮水甘油基)化合物。聚(N-縮水甘油基)化合物可例如藉由對表氯醇與含有至少兩個胺氫原子之胺的反應產物進行脫氯化氫獲得。此等胺可為例如正丁胺、苯胺、甲苯胺、間苯二甲胺、雙(4-胺基苯基)甲烷或雙(4-甲胺基苯基)甲烷。聚(N-縮水甘油基)化合物之其他實例包括環伸烷基脲,諸如伸乙基脲或1,3-丙烯脲之N,N'-二縮水甘油基衍生物,及乙內醯脲,諸如5,5-二甲基內醯脲之N,N'-二縮水甘油基衍生物。聚(S-縮水甘油基)化合物之實例為衍生自二硫醇之二-S-縮水甘油基衍生物,例如乙烷-1,2-二硫醇或雙(4-巰基甲基苯基)醚。
亦可使用環氧樹脂,其中1,2-環氧基團連接至不同雜原子或官能基。實例包括4-胺苯酚之N,N,O-三縮水甘油基衍生物、柳酸之縮水甘油醚/縮水甘油酯、N-縮水甘油氧基-N'-(2-縮水甘油基氧基丙基)-5,5-二甲基內醯脲或2-縮水甘油基氧基-1,3-雙(5,5-二甲基-1-縮水甘油基乙內醯脲-3-基)丙烷。
其他環氧化物衍生物亦可用作環氧樹脂,諸如二氧化環己烯乙烯、二氧化檸檬烯、一氧化檸檬烯、一氧化環己烯乙烯、3,4-環氧環己基甲基丙烯酸酯、3,4-環氧基-6-甲基環己基甲基9,10-環氧硬脂酸酯及1,2-雙(2,3-環氧基-2-甲基丙氧基)乙烷。
另外,環氧樹脂可為環氧樹脂(諸如上文所提及之環氧樹脂)與具有可與環氧基反應之游離氫的化合物的預反應加合物。通常,此類反應性氫見於羧酸基、芳族羥基、胺基及硫氫基中。
在一個特定實施例中,單組份環氧樹脂基組合物可含有僅一種環氧樹脂,而在其他實施例中,其可含有環氧樹脂之混合物。
在一個實施例中,環氧樹脂可以單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之總重量計約40重量%至約70重量%範圍內的量包括於單組份環氧樹脂基組合物中。在再一實施例中,以單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之總重量計,環氧樹脂可以約45重量%至約65重量%或約47.5重量%至約62.5重量%或約50重量%至約60重量%範圍內之量包括於單組份環氧樹脂基組合物中。
在另一實施例中,單組份環氧樹脂基組合物包括反應性稀釋劑。如本文所使用,「反應性稀釋劑」包括完全可溶、具有反應性且在與單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之其他組份組合時能夠降低組合物之黏度的任何化合物。
在一個實施例中,反應性稀釋劑為環氧基反應性稀釋劑。環氧基反應性稀釋劑為單環氧化物及聚環氧化物,諸如一元酚或多元酚及脂族或環脂族醇之縮水甘油醚,尤其諸如一元醇、二元醇或多元醇之縮水甘油醚,以及尤其苯基縮水甘油醚、甲苯基縮水甘油醚、對正丁基苯基縮水甘油醚、對三級丁基苯基縮水甘油醚、壬基苯基縮水甘油醚、烯丙基縮水甘油醚、丁基縮水甘油醚、己基縮水甘油醚、2-乙基己基縮水甘油醚、高度支化C
10異構體之合成飽和單羧酸的縮水甘油酯及天然醇之縮水甘油醚,諸如C
8至C
10烷基縮水甘油醚或C
12至C
14烷基縮水甘油醚;1,4-丁二醇二縮水甘油醚、1,6-己二醇二縮水甘油醚、環己烷二甲醇二縮水甘油醚、新戊二醇二縮水甘油醚、聚丙二醇二縮水甘油醚;甘油三縮水甘油醚、三羥甲基丙烷三縮水甘油醚、聚氧丙二醇三縮水甘油醚、蓖麻油之三縮水甘油醚、聚甘油三縮水甘油醚;及新戊四醇四縮水甘油醚。
在一個實施例中,反應性稀釋劑可以單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之總重量計約10重量%至約40重量%範圍內的量包括於單組份環氧樹脂基組合物中。在再一實施例中,以單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之總重量計,反應性稀釋劑可以約12重量%至約35重量%或約15重量%至約25重量%或約17重量%至約22重量%範圍內之量包括於單組份環氧樹脂基組合物中。
單組份環氧樹脂基組合物亦包括衍生自環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺之氰基乙醯胺。
在一個實施例中,環脂族型二胺為降𦯉烷型二胺且為具有下式之化合物
其中a及b為0至2範圍內之整數,其限制條件為a+b=2。在一個實施例中,降𦯉烷型二胺為降𦯉烷二胺、雙(胺基甲基)降𦯉烷或雙(胺基乙基)降𦯉烷。在再一實施例中,降𦯉烷型二胺為2,5-雙(胺基甲基)降𦯉烷或2,6-雙(胺基甲基)降𦯉烷或其混合物。
在另一個實施例中,環脂族型二胺可為雙(4-胺基-3-甲基環己基)甲烷、雙(4-胺基環己基)甲烷、雙(4-胺基-3-乙基環己基)甲烷、雙(4-胺基-3,5-二甲基環己基)甲烷、1,3-二胺基環己烷、1,4-二胺基環己烷、異佛爾酮二胺、1,3-雙(胺基甲基)環己烷、1,4-雙(胺基甲基)環己烷或2,2-(4,4'-二胺基二環己基)丙烷、八氫-4,7-甲橋-1H-茚-5,-二甲胺。
在一個實施例中,聚氧伸烷基胺為聚氧伸烷基單胺。聚氧伸烷基單胺為含有一個連接至聚醚主鏈末端之胺基的化合物。胺基可為一級(-NH
2)或二級(-NH-)胺基。在一個實施例中,胺基為一級胺基。如下文進一步論述,聚醚主鏈係基於環氧烷基團,亦即進一步由環氧烷基團定義,諸如環氧丙烷(PO)、環氧乙烷(EO)、環氧丁烷(BO)及其混合物。在混合結構中,比率可呈任何所要比率且可按嵌段排列(例如重複或交替)或隨機分佈。在一個非限制性實例中,在混合EO/PO結構中,EO:PO之比可在約1:1至約1:50範圍內且反之亦然。因此,聚氧伸烷基單胺可實質上定義聚環氧乙烷、聚環氧丙烷及/或聚環氧丁烷。聚氧伸烷基單胺之分子量可變化且可在至多約6,000之分子量範圍內。
聚氧伸烷基單胺可通常藉由例如醇之單羥引發劑與環氧乙烷及/或環氧丙烷及/或環氧丁烷之反應來製備。此反應之後為所得末端羥基轉化成胺,藉此提供聚醚主鏈,其包括環氧丙烷(PO)、環氧乙烷(EO)、環氧丁烷(BO)或其混合物及末端胺基,例如末端一級胺基或末端二級胺基,較佳一級胺基。根據一個實施例,醇可為具有1至35個碳原子之脂族或具有6至35個碳原子之芳族醇,其兩者可進一步經諸如烷基、芳基、芳基烷基或烷芳基取代基之部分取代。在另一實施例中,醇為具有1至18個碳原子或1至10個碳原子之烷醇,諸如低碳數烷基衍生之烷醇,包括例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、異丙醇、二級丁醇及其類似物。在另一實施例中,醇可為烷基酚,其中烷基取代基為具有1至24個碳原子,諸如4至16個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈烷基;或經芳基取代之酚,包括單-、二-及三-苯基-酚,或烷芳基酚,或芳烷基酚,諸如三-苯乙烯基苯酚,或萘酚,或經烷基取代之萘酚。
根據一個特定實施例,聚氧伸烷基單胺為具有以下通式之化合物:
其中Z為C
1-C
40烷基或C
1-C
40烷基酚基;各Z'獨立地為氫、甲基或乙基;且w為約1至約50範圍內之整數。特定實例包括(但不限於)具有下式之化合物:
其中Me為甲基且Et為乙基;f為約13至約14範圍內之整數;且e為約2至約3範圍內之整數。包括於上式內之此類聚氧伸烷基單胺包括JEFFAMINE® M-600、M-1000、M-2005、M-2070、FL-1000 (其中f為14且Me或Et為甲基)、C-300 (其中e為約2.5);XTJ-435及XTJ-436胺。
根據另一實施例,聚氧伸烷基胺為聚氧伸烷基二胺。製備聚氧伸烷基二胺之程序描述於例如美國專利第3,654,370號,其內容以引用之方式併入本文中。在一個特定實施例中,聚氧伸烷基二胺為胺封端之聚氧伸烷基二醇。此類聚氧伸烷基二醇之聚醚主鏈可包括環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷、環氧丁烷或其混合物,且因此聚氧伸烷基一級二胺可具有通式
其中m為2至約100範圍內之整數且各R
2獨立地為氫、甲基或乙基。在一些實施例中,各R
2獨立地為氫或甲基,且m為約2至約70、或約2至約35、或2至約7範圍內之整數。在其他實施例中,各R
2獨立地為氫或甲基,且m為在約6至約70或約6至約35範圍內之整數。在其他實施例中,各R
2為甲基且m為2至約70範圍內之整數。此等化合物之實例包括可購自Huntsman Petrochemical LLC之JEFFAMINE® D系列胺,諸如JEFFAMINE® D-230胺,其中R
2為甲基且m為約2.6;及JEFFAMINE® D400胺,其中R
2為甲基且m為約6.1;以及由其他公司提供之包含聚氧伸烷基一級二胺之類似化合物。
在另一實施例中,聚氧伸烷基二胺具有通式
其中n及p各自獨立地為在約1至約10範圍內之整數,且o為在約2至約40範圍內之整數。在一些實施例中,o為在約2至約40、或約2至約13、或約2至約10範圍內之整數。在另一實施例中,o為在約9至約40、或約12至約40、或約15至約40、或甚至約25至約40範圍內之整數。在其他實施例中,n+p為在約1至約6,或約1至約4或約1至約3範圍內之整數。在另外實施例中,n+p為在約2至約6或約3至約6範圍內之整數。此等化合物之實例包括可購自Huntsman Petrochemical LLC之JEFFAMINE® ED系列胺,以及由其他公司提供之包含聚氧伸烷基一級二胺之類似化合物。
在再一實施例中,聚氧伸烷基二胺可具有下式
其中g為在約2至約3範圍內之整數。此等化合物之實例包括可購自Huntsman Petrochemical LLC之JEFFAMINE® EDR系列胺,以及由其他公司提供之包含聚氧伸烷基一級二胺之類似化合物。
在又一實施例中,聚氧伸烷基胺為聚氧伸烷基三胺。聚氧伸烷基三胺類似地可基於環氧乙烷、環氧丙烷或環氧丁烷以及其混合物,且可藉由此類氧化物與三醇引發劑(例如甘油或三羥甲基丙烷)反應,隨後使末端羥基胺化而製備。在一個實施例中,聚氧伸烷基三胺可具有通式
其中各R
3獨立地為氫、甲基或乙基,R
4為氫、甲基或乙基,t為0或1且h、i及j獨立地為在約1至約100範圍內之整數。在一個實施例中,R
4為氫或乙基。在另一實施例中,各R
3獨立地為氫或甲基,且在一些實施例中各R
3為甲基。在再一實施例中,h+i+j為在約1至約100或約5至約85範圍內之整數。此等化合物之實例包括可購自Huntsman Petrochemical LLC之JEFFAMINE® T系列胺,諸如JEFFAMINE® T3000,其中R
3為甲基,R
4為氫,t為0且h+i+j為50,以及由其他公司提供之包含聚氧伸烷基一級三胺之類似化合物。
本發明之氰基乙醯胺可藉由使環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺與過量氰基乙酸或其甲酯或乙酯反應來製備。在一個實施例中,環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺可以在約60:40至約95:5或約80:20至約95:5範圍內之重量比存在,產生兩種胺之二氰基乙醯胺之混合物。
在一個實施例中,氰基乙醯胺可以單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之總重量計約10重量%至約40重量%範圍內的量包括於單組份環氧樹脂基組合物中。在另一實施例中,以單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之總重量計,氰基乙醯胺可以約15重量%至約35重量%或約20重量%至約30重量%範圍內之量包括於單組份環氧樹脂基組合物中。
單組份環氧樹脂基組合物進一步包括呈加合物或鹽形式之受保護鹼,其可在大於約50℃之溫度下加熱時釋放鹼。如本文所用之術語「受保護鹼」係指鹼性或親核化合物之所有鹽或加合物,其在加熱時釋放能夠去質子化氰基乙醯胺之游離反應性鹼性或親核化合物,由此與環氧樹脂之環氧乙烷環反應且引發固化反應。用於製備受保護鹼之起始化合物可為例如脂族、芳脂族、芳族或雜環胺、胍及N-雜環化合物,其展現大於7.5 (在乙腈中)、較佳大於8.0、更佳大於8.5、且尤其大於9.5之共軛酸之pK
a值且其可藉由添加布朗斯特酸(Bronsted acid)或路易斯酸(Lewis acid)或環氧化物可逆地阻斷。
必須在加熱至大於50℃、較佳大於85℃且更佳大於100℃之溫度後,逆轉阻斷且釋放化合物,其鹼性足以去質子化氰基乙醯胺,由此與環氧化物分子之環氧乙烷環反應且引發固化反應。
此類化合物之實例為脂族胺,諸如乙胺或二甲基辛胺;脲,諸如N'-(4-氯苯基)-N,N-二甲基脲及N'-(3,4-二氯苯基)-N,N-二甲基脲;胍,諸如雙氰胺及雙氰胺/咪唑啉鹽;咪唑,諸如1-甲基咪唑及1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑;及脒,諸如1,8-二氮雜雙環十一-7-烯(DBU);三級胺,諸如三-二甲基胺基酚。
可用作受保護鹼之化合物的其他實例為鹼金屬醇鹽及鹼金屬酚鹽。
在一個實施例中,受保護鹼為脲衍生物或咪唑之加合物或鹽或脒衍生物。尤其較佳為1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑、1,8-二氮雜雙環十一-7-烯(DBU)或1,5-二氮雜雙環[4.3.0]壬-5-烯(DBN)之加合物或鹽。
封端劑為布朗斯特酸或路易斯酸或環氧化物,其減少有機含氮化合物之鹼度且在大於50℃之溫度下再次釋放。適合作為封端劑之布朗斯特酸的實例為酚類,諸如苯酚、鄰甲酚、間甲酚及對甲酚、雙酚A及雙酚F;聚乙烯苯酚及羧酸,諸如乙酸、2-乙基己酸、柳酸、偏苯三甲酸及乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)。
亦可應用對應酸酐(例如偏苯三酸酐)而非游離酸。
可使用適合之路易斯酸,諸如三鹵化硼,較佳BF
3及BCl
3。
較佳地,根據本發明之組合物包含作為受保護鹼之有機含氮化合物之酚加合物或鹽、羧酸鹽、環氧化物加合物或三鹵化硼加合物。尤其較佳組合物包含作為受保護鹼之聚乙烯苯酚的加合物、乙酸、2-乙基己酸、乙二胺四乙酸、柳酸、偏苯三甲酸之鹽或三氟化硼或三氯加合物。
此外,根據本發明之較佳組合物包含作為受保護鹼之脲衍生物或咪唑之加合物或鹽或脒衍生物,例如1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑之加合物或鹽或1,8-二氮雙環十一-7-烯。
在另一實施例中,合適之受保護鹼之實例為:咪唑鹽,諸如1-甲基咪唑/乙酸、1-甲基咪唑/2-乙基己酸及1H-咪唑鎓、3-乙基-1-甲基-、與N-二胺腈(1:1)之鹽;脒鹽,諸如DBU/苯酚、DBU/間甲酚、DBU/鄰甲酚、DBU/對甲酚、DBU/乙酸、DBU/三氟乙酸、DBU/2-乙基己酸、DBU/EDTA及DBU/偏苯三甲酸;及脒/三鹵化硼加合物,諸如DBU/BF
3。
在一些實施例中,受保護鹼呈三級胺(諸如三-二甲基胺基苯酚)與酚(諸如聚乙烯苯酚)之加合物形式,且在其他實施例中具有小於30微米之平均粒度D50。如本文中所使用之平均粒度D50係指粒子體積之累加百分比佔50%之粒度。平均粒度D50可使用例如雷射繞射/散射粒度分佈分析儀來量測。
在再一實施例中,受保護鹼為離子液體。離子液體通常係指一類具有相對較低熔點(諸如低於100℃)之不充分配位鹽。在如本文中另外描述之某些實施例中,離子液體包含式[A]
n +[Y]
n -之化合物,其中n為1或2;[A]
+選自具有式[NR
1R
2R
3R]
+之四級銨陽離子、具有式[PR
1R
2R
3R]
+之鏻陽離子、具有式[SR
1R
2R]+之鋶陽離子、具有下式之鈲陽離子:
,
咪唑鎓陽離子,其具有下式:
,
其中該咪唑視情況經一或多個選自C
1-C
6烷基、C
1-C
6烷氧基、C
1-C
6胺基烷基、C
5-C
12芳基及C
5-C
12芳基取代之C
1-C
6烷基之基團取代,吡啶鎓陽離子具有下式:
,
其中該吡啶視情況經一或多個選自C
1-C
6烷基、C
1-C
6烷氧基、C
1-C
6胺基烷基、C
5-C
12芳基及C
5-C
12芳基取代之C
1-C
6烷基之基團取代,吡唑鎓陽離子具有下式:
,
其中該吡唑視情況經一或多個選自C
1-C
6烷基、C
1-C
6烷氧基、C
1-C
6胺基烷基、C
5-C
12芳基及C
5-C
12芳基取代之C
1-C
6烷基之基團取代,及三唑鹽陽離子具有下式:
,
其中該三唑視情況經一或多個選自C
1-C
6烷基、C
1-C
6烷氧基、C
1-C
6胺基烷基、C
5-C
12芳基及C
5-C
12芳基取代之C
1-C
6烷基之基團取代,其中R
1、R
2及R
3各自獨立地為氫、C
1-C
20烷基、C
3-C
8雜芳基,其視情況經一或多個C
1-C
6烷基及鹵素、C
3-C
6雜芳基取代之C
1-C
6烷基取代,該雜芳基視情況經一或多個C
1-C
6烷基及鹵素取代,聚醚具有式[-CH
2CH
2O]
mR
a,其中m在1至50,000範圍內且R
a選自C
1-C
20烷基、C
5-C
12芳基,其視情況經一或多個C
1-C
6烷基及鹵素取代,及C
5-C
12芳基取代之C
1-C
6烷基,該芳基視情況經一或多個C
1-C
6烷基及鹵素取代,且其中R選自C
1-C
20烷基、C
4-C
8雜芳基取代之C
1-C
6烷基,該雜芳基視情況經一或多個C
1-C
6烷基及鹵素取代,及C
4-C
12芳基取代之C
1-C
6烷基,該芳基視情況經一或多個C
1-C
6烷基及鹵素取代;且
[Y]
-係選自四氟硼酸根([BF
4]
−)、六氟磷酸根([PF
6]
−)、二氰胺([N(CN)
2]
−)、鹵素(Cl
−、Br
−、F
−、I
−)、六氟銻酸根([SbF
6]
−)、硝酸根([NO
3]
−)、亞硝酸根([NO
2]
−)、陰離子金屬錯合物(例如[CuCl
4]
2 −、[PdCl
4]
2 −、[AuCl
4]
−)、乙酸根([CH
3COO]
−)、三氟乙酸根([F
3CCOO]
−)、六氟砷酸根([AsF
6]
−)、硫酸根([SO
4]
2 −)、硫酸氫根([R'-SO
4]
−)、烷基硫酸根([R'-SO
4]
−)、甲苯磺酸根([C
7H
7SO
3]
−)、三氟甲磺酸根([CF
3SO
3]
−)、九氟丁磺酸根([C
4F
9SO
3]
−)、三氟乙烯三氟磷酸根([PF
3(C
2F
5)
3]
−)、三氰甲基根([C(CN)
3]
−)、四氰基硼酸根([B(CN)
4]
−)、硫氰酸根([SCN]
−)、碳酸根([CO
3]
2 -)、羧酸根([R'-COO]
−)、磺酸根([R'SO
3]
−)、二烷基磷酸根([R'PO
4R'']
−)、烷基膦酸根([R'HPO
3]
−)及雙磺醯亞胺([(R'-SO
2)
2N]
−) (例如,雙(三氟甲基磺醯基)醯亞胺),其中R'及R''各自獨立地為直鏈或分支鏈C
1-C
12脂族或脂環烷基、C
5-C
18芳基、C
5-C
18芳基取代之C
1-C
6烷基或C
1-C
6烷基取代之C
5-C
18芳基,該烷基視情況經一或多個鹵素取代。
在一個實施例中,離子液體選自三氟甲磺酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、乙基硫酸1-乙基-3-甲基吡啶鎓、三氟甲磺酸1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯啶鎓、三氟甲磺酸1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、三氰甲烷1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、甲基硫酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、辛基硫酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、四氟硼酸1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、乙基硫酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、甲基膦酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、三氟甲磺酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、雙(三氟甲磺醯基)醯亞胺1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯啶鎓、四氰基硼酸1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯啶鎓、三(五氟乙基)三氟磷酸1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯啶鎓、雙(三氟甲磺醯基)醯亞胺1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、三氰甲烷1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、雙(三氟甲磺醯基)醯亞胺1-乙基-3-甲基吡啶鎓、四氰基硼酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、三(五氟乙基)三氟磷酸1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、三氟甲磺酸1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑鎓、三(五氟乙基)三氟磷酸乙基二甲基-(2-甲氧基乙基)銨、二氰胺三丁基甲基銨、三(五氟乙基)三氟磷酸三環己基十四烷基磷、雙(三氟甲磺醯基)醯亞胺1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓及其混合物。
在另一實施例中,受保護鹼可以單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之總重量計約0.1重量%至約6重量%範圍內的量包括於單組份環氧樹脂基組合物中。在另一實施例中,以單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之總重量計,受保護鹼可以約0.5重量%至約3重量%或約1重量%至約2重量%範圍內之量包括於單組份環氧樹脂基組合物中。
單組份環氧樹脂基組合物進一步包括多元酸。多元酸包括每分子具有至少兩個反應性酸基之化合物。酸官能基可為羧酸或磺酸。在一些實施例中,多元酸包含每分子具有至少兩個羧基的羧基封端之化合物。合適之多元酸的實例包括含羧酸基之聚合物,諸如丙烯酸聚合物、聚酯及聚胺甲酸酯;及寡聚物,諸如含酯基之寡聚物及單體。
在一個實施例中,多元酸為具有酸基之磷酸之聚酯且為具有下式之化合物
其中b為1或2且R
5為
其中R
6為具有1至4個碳原子之烷基,x為4至5範圍內之整數,y為2至15範圍內之整數且z為3至15範圍內之整數。
以上數字為平均值且可並非為整數。此類化合物可根據描述於美國專利第5,130,463號中之方法製得,其內容以引用之方式併入。
在一個實施例中,多元酸可以單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之總重量計約0.05重量%至約3重量%範圍內的量包括於單組份環氧樹脂基組合物中。在另一實施例中,以單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之總重量計,多元酸基團可以約0.075重量%至約1.5重量%或約0.1重量%至約0.5重量%範圍內之量包括於單組份環氧樹脂基組合物中。
在其他實施例中,單組份環氧樹脂基組合物可包括一或多種添加劑,包括但不限於:塑化劑、增量劑、顏料及染料,諸如碳黑、氧化著色劑及氧化鈦,以及阻燃劑、消泡劑、搖變劑(例如氣相二氧化矽或聚醯胺型)、流動控制劑、黏著促進劑(例如環氧矽烷)及抗氧化劑(例如位阻酚)。其他添加劑可包括填充劑,例如:金屬粉末、木粉、玻璃粉末、玻璃珠、半金屬及金屬氧化物,諸如SiO
2(二氧化矽砂、二氧化矽粉、矽烷化二氧化矽粉、合成二氧化矽粉、矽烷化合成二氧化矽粉)、氧化鋁、氧化鈦(titan oxide)及氧化鋯,金屬氫氧化物,諸如Mg(OH)
2、Al(OH)
3、矽烷化Al(OH)
3及AlO(OH),半金屬及金屬碳化物(SiC及碳化硼)、半金屬及金屬氮化物(AlN及BN)、金屬碳酸鹽(白雲石、白堊、CaCO
3)、金屬硫化物(重晶石、石膏)、岩粉,諸如來自水菱鎂礦及碳鈣鎂礦,及主要來自矽酸鹽系列之天然或合成礦物,如沸石(特別係分子篩)、滑石、雲母、高嶺土、矽灰石及其他礦物。
添加劑亦可含有殺真菌劑、消泡劑、抗靜電劑、潤滑劑、防沈澱劑、疏水性劑及脫模劑。
視情況選用之添加劑亦可選自增韌劑之群,例如CTBN型增韌劑、核殼增韌劑、嵌段共聚物(諸如聚矽氧-丁內酯型)及胺基甲酸酯(例如酚封端之聚胺甲酸酯加合物,諸如來自Huntsman Advanced Materials之Flexibilizer DY 965)。
本發明之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物可藉由在室溫下或在略高溫下混合個別組份,且在必要時藉助於合適研磨機,例如球磨機或針磨機、捏合機或混合器來製備。
根據另一實施例,上文所描述之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之特徵可在於組合物含有以下良好平衡特性中之至少兩者:(1) 130℃下凝膠時間<10分鐘;(2) 110℃下黏度小於60 mPas;(3)至少6個月之儲存穩定性;及(4)無CMR且無H361組份。凝膠時間可根據ISO 9396 (如下所描述)測定。黏度可藉由設置有0.5 mm間隙之板/板在振盪模式下以6.3 rad/s (等效於1 Hz)之角頻率來測定。儲存穩定性可藉由比較組合物在初始時間及6個月時之黏度來測定。
本發明所揭示之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之固化可藉由已知方式進行。一般而言,其可藉由將組合物加熱至約50℃至約250℃,較佳約100℃至約180℃範圍內之溫度來進行。
根據另一實施例,上文所描述之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之特徵可在於由固化組合物形成之所得固化產物含有以下良好平衡特性中之至少兩者:(1)大於約160℃之玻璃轉移溫度(Tg);(2)在環境溫度下至少70 MPa之抗張強度;(3)在140℃下至少1.5 GPa之抗張模數;及(4)在環境溫度下及在140℃下至少4%之斷裂伸長率。如本文所用,「固化產物」係指固化單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,由此發生實質性網路連接或交聯。抗張強度、模數及斷裂伸長率可根據ISO 527 (如下所描述)測定。玻璃轉移溫度可根據ISO 11357 (如下所描述)來測定。
因此,根據另一實施例,提供一種可藉由固化單組份環氧樹脂基組合物獲得的交聯產物。
根據另一實施例,提供一種封裝產品,其包含:a)具有至少一個出口之容器;及b)本發明之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物。
根據一個實施例,本發明之封裝產品包含具有閉合構件之容器,該等閉合構件諸如封蓋、蓋罩、帽蓋或栓塞以密封該容器。在另一實施例中,密封容器亦具有噴嘴或傾倒口。密封容器可具有圓筒、橢圓形、圓形、矩形、罐、桶、正方形或壺之形狀,且含有本發明之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物。
在又一實施例中,容器可由任何材料製成,諸如鋼、玻璃、鋁、卡紙板、鍍錫鐵皮、塑膠,包括但不限於高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚對苯二甲酸伸乙酯(PET)、定向聚丙烯(OPP)、聚乙烯(PE)或聚醯胺,及包括此等之混合物、層合物或其他組合。
在再一實施例中,提供一種雙組份組合物,其包含:(a)第一組份,其含有環氧樹脂及反應性稀釋劑;及(b)第二組份,其含有衍生自環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺之氰基乙醯胺、可在大於約50℃之溫度下加熱後釋放鹼的呈加合物或鹽形式之受保護鹼,及多元酸。或者,雙組份組合物可包含:(a)第一組份,其含有環氧樹脂及反應性稀釋劑、可在大於約50℃之溫度下加熱後釋放鹼的呈加合物或鹽形式之受保護鹼,及多元酸;及(b)第二組份,其含有衍生自環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺之氰基乙醯胺,及環氧樹脂及反應性稀釋劑。上述添加劑中之一或多者可包括於部分(a)或部分(b)中。
本文中所揭示之組合物可適用於鑄件、灌注、封裝、塗層、複合物或層合物,更具體言之,適用於電氣或電子鑄件、電氣或電子灌注、電氣或電子封裝、電氣層合物、結構性複合物或保護塗層。本發明之組合物亦可用於其他各種最終使用應用中,包括例如用於將第一基板黏結至第二基板之黏著劑、結構層合物、電氣層合物、塗層、鑄件、用於航太工業之結構、用作電子工業之電路板及其類似者,以及用於形成滑雪板、滑雪桿、釣魚桿及其他戶外運動裝備。本文中所揭示之組合物亦可尤其用於電清漆、封裝劑、半導體、長絲捲繞管、儲槽、泵之襯墊及抗腐蝕塗層中。
在又一實施例中,亦提供一種藉由施加熱量固化本發明之組合物生產之製品。該製品可包括例如鑄件、灌注、封裝、塗層、黏著劑、複合物或層合物。製品亦可包括例如列印接線板、電氣或電子鑄件、電氣或電子灌注、電氣或電子封裝、電氣層合物、結構性複合物或保護塗層。組合物之固化反應可在一般介於約50℃至約250℃或約100℃至約220℃或約120℃及約180℃之範圍內的溫度下進行。固化之時間可持續可在數分鐘至數小時範圍內之預定時段,通常反應時間大於約5分鐘且小於約24小時,較佳在約5分鐘與約6小時之間,且更佳在約5分鐘與約2小時之間。在其他實施例中,固化可在第一溫度下進行,隨後進行第二溫度或後處理,此類後處理通常在高於100℃或高於140℃之溫度下進行。
在一個特定實施例中,提供單組份環氧樹脂基組合物作為電動機、變壓器及發電機(例如定子、轉子、發電機或變壓器之捲繞導體)之浸漬及塗層組合物的用途。
根據另一實施例,本發明之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物可藉由滴流浸漬、浸入式浸漬或真空浸漬塗覆至基板。在一些實施例中,基板可為電動機或發電機之一或多個組件,諸如定子或轉子或變壓器或其類似者之導體上的線圈或繞組。在其他實施例中,基板可包含主要絕緣層且藉由滴流浸漬、浸入式浸漬或真空浸漬將單組份環氧樹脂基組合物塗覆至主要絕緣層上。在其他實施例中,主要絕緣層包含聚醚醚酮(PEEK)。
在滴流浸漬中,將基板在烘箱中或藉由電流預加熱至約90℃至約110℃範圍內之溫度一段時間,諸如在約60分鐘至約120分鐘範圍內之時間。接著旋轉基板,及諸如藉由使用適合的泵及噴嘴將單組份環氧樹脂基組合物滴流至旋轉基板上持續一定時段,諸如在約5分鐘至約180分鐘範圍內,視產生經浸漬基板之基板尺寸而定。在浸漬期間將溫度維持在約90℃至約110℃範圍內。在浸漬之後,隨後在約100℃至約140℃範圍內之溫度下加熱經浸漬基板一段時間,諸如在約5分鐘至約240分鐘範圍內,以用於所塗覆之組合物的膠凝。經浸漬基板隨後在約140℃至約180℃範圍內之溫度下加熱一段時間,諸如在約20分鐘至720分鐘範圍內,以用於塗覆組合物之最終固化。用於膠凝及最終固化之熱量可例如藉由使電流穿過經浸漬基板產生,或亦有可能使用烘箱或紅外(IR)或近紅外線輻射(NIR)源。
在浸入式浸漬中,基板可在烘箱中或藉由電流預加熱至在約90℃至約140℃範圍內之溫度。接著將基板固定在設備上且在旋轉的同時浸漬至填充有單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之浸漬槽中。在基板完全浸漬之後,自浸漬槽移除基板,同時繼續旋轉且加熱直至塗覆組合物已膠凝。在一些實施例中,經浸漬基板隨後可在約140℃至約180℃範圍內之溫度下加熱一段時間,諸如在約20分鐘至約720分鐘範圍內,以用於塗覆組合物之最終固化。用於膠凝及最終固化之熱量可例如藉由使電流穿過經浸漬基板產生,同時亦可使用烘箱或紅外(IR)或近紅外線輻射(NIR)源。
在真空浸漬中,將基板在烘箱中或藉由電流加熱至約90℃至約110℃範圍內之溫度一段時間,諸如在約60分鐘至約120分鐘範圍內之時間。接著將基板置放於VPI容器中且施加真空,諸如在約0.5 mbar至約5 mbar範圍內。隨後將一單組份環氧樹脂基組合物注入VPI容器中一段時間,諸如在約5分鐘至約180分鐘範圍內,視基板之尺寸而定,以產生經浸漬基板。在浸漬之後,隨後在約100℃至約140℃範圍內之溫度下加熱經浸漬基板一段時間,諸如在約5分鐘至約240分鐘範圍內,以用於所塗覆之組合物的膠凝。經浸漬基板隨後在約140℃至約180℃範圍內之溫度下加熱一段時間,諸如在約20分鐘至720分鐘範圍內,以用於塗覆組合物之最終固化。用於膠凝及最終固化之熱量可例如藉由使電流穿過經浸漬基板產生,同時亦可使用烘箱或紅外(IR)或近紅外線輻射(NIR)源。
因此,在再一實施例中,提供一種形成經浸漬基板之製程,其包含以下步驟:藉由浸入式浸漬、真空浸漬或滴流浸漬將本發明之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物塗覆至基板上,以形成經浸漬基板且固化所塗覆之組合物。在一些實施例中,基板包含主要絕緣層,諸如聚醚醚酮,且將單組份環氧樹脂基組合物塗覆至主要絕緣層上。在再一實施例中,提供浸漬有單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之基板,諸如定子、轉子、變壓器或發電機之捲繞導體。
現將參考以下非限制性實例進一步描述本發明。
實例
實例1根據本發明之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物。
a) 衍生自降𦯉烷型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺之氰基乙醯胺的製備:
將671 g氰基乙酸乙酯及61.8 g Jeffamine® D-230胺饋入璃反應器中:攪拌混合物且加熱至約40℃之內部溫度(Ti)。在Ti=40℃下,經約140分鐘之時段將350 g雙環[2.2.1]庚烷雙(甲胺)添加至混合物中。在開始添加Pro-NBDA時,Ti在約60分鐘之時段內自40℃增加至80℃。一旦完成Pro-NBDA之添加,Ti在約30分鐘之時段內自80℃增加至90℃,且隨後維持約1小時。隨後藉由平緩地將壓力降低至50 mbar且將反應器夾套加熱至110℃以維持Ti為約90℃來開始EtOH之蒸餾。將真空轉換至N
2氛圍,且在約30分鐘之時段內將反應物質溫度升高至約140℃。將蒸餾設定為回流模式且Ti維持在約140℃下直至殘餘胺含量達至平線區(典型值0.15至0.17 eq/Kg,大致時間範圍4小時)。Ti隨後在約30分鐘之時段內自140℃增加至約180℃ Ti隨後維持在約180℃下直至殘餘胺含量達至<0.09 eq/Kg。當Ti維持在約180℃下時,施加真空狀態(50 mbar)約30至60分鐘。隨後排出並過濾氰基乙醯胺產物。
b) 製備根據本發明之組合物
將116.34 g a)中產生之氰基乙醯胺置放於玻璃反應器容器中且溫度升高至80℃至100℃以便熔化產物。將274.0 g環氧樹脂(Araldite® GY 250:雙酚A二縮水甘油醚環氧樹脂,180至190 g/eq之環氧當量)及38.37 g反應性稀釋劑(DY 026丁二醇二縮水甘油醚)添加至容器中,且攪拌混合物接著冷卻至30℃。將0.75 g之具有酸基之磷酸之聚酯(具有酸基之BYK W9010共聚物)、5 g之環氧樹脂(Araldite ® GY250環氧樹脂)中1% TINOPAL OB光學增亮劑之母料溶液及16.1 g之環氧樹脂(Araldite® G250環氧樹脂)添加至容器中,且攪拌混合物。將7 g受保護鹼(FK EP 796-1:基於52%三-二甲基胺基苯酚與48%之聚乙烯苯酚的加合物,平均分子量為5000 g/mol、以粉末形式供應且D50<30微米)添加至容器中,且將混合物與高剪切混合物混合。接著將50.2 g反應性稀釋劑(DY 026丁二醇二縮水甘油醚)添加至容器中且在真空下使混合物與高剪切混合物混合以產生組合物。
c) 測試
抗張強度及斷裂伸長率根據ISO 527測試。將b)之組合物傾入模具中(預加熱至110℃)以製備4 mm厚板,及將模具在110℃下置於烘箱中20 min,接著加熱至170℃且保持在170℃下一小時。將模具緩慢冷卻至室溫,且將板脫模並切割成標準測試樣品。ISO 527-2藉由在萬能試驗機上向測試樣品施加拉力進行,且量測樣品在應力下之抗張強度、模數及斷裂伸長率。
-根據ISO 9396量測凝膠時間。將組合物填充至低於測試小瓶之邊緣4 cm之量,其中測試小瓶保持在25℃或40℃之溫度下。隨後以10衝程/分鐘在樹脂中上下移動玻璃棒或轉軸。凝膠時間等效於測試小瓶藉由振盪棒抬升之時間點。
-玻璃轉移溫度(Tg)藉由DSC根據ISO 11357-2在藉由上文所提及之固化週期製備之樣品上測定。稱量出10 mg樣品放入樣品舟中且引入DSC儀器中。冷卻至起始溫度,其後藉由50 ml/min下之惰性氣體覆蓋(N
2)以10 K/min之加熱速率進行第1及第2量測操作,其中在操作之間冷卻回起始溫度。量測通常在低於預期玻璃轉移溫度約50℃至高於玻璃轉移溫度約50℃之溫度範圍內進行。玻璃轉移溫度為在到達比熱容之一半變化(0.5△cp)時的第2量測操作中之溫度。其由DSC圖(熱流相對於溫度之曲線)確定,且為在玻璃轉化之前及之後外推基線之間的中線與量測曲線之交叉點處的溫度。
-在25℃及100℃下用設置有0.5 mm間隙之板/板在振盪模式下以6.3 rad/s (等效於1 Hz)之角頻率量測黏度。
比較實例
a) 比較實例1-根據US 2020/0223977中之實例9之單組份環氧樹脂組合物,其包括衍生自雙(胺基甲基)-三環[5.2.1.0
2 . 6]癸烷之氰基乙醯胺且不包括衍生自聚氧伸烷基胺之氰基乙醯胺及多元酸。
b) 比較實例2-包括BX3NR3型催化劑之市售單組份環氧樹脂基浸漬系統(Damisol®3500 HiR系統)。
c) 比較實例3-市售聚酯醯亞胺基浸漬系統(MF 8044系統)。
d) 比較實例4-包括BX3NR3型催化劑之市售單組份環氧樹脂基浸漬系統(XD 4410系統)。
e) 比較實例5-基於雙A/F環氧樹脂、反應性稀釋劑及三氯(N,N-二甲基辛胺)硼之市售浸漬系統(CY 5841系統)。
f) 比較實例6-根據US 2015/0002254中之實例1之環氧樹脂組合物,其包括經雙氰胺及(2,4-雙(N1,N1-二甲基脲基)甲苯)固化之環氧樹脂。
結果
如上文所示,儘管比較實例1按需要在130℃下具有化學潛伏性及快速反應性,但由於其高黏度而不適用於浸漬。在黏度較低之條件下,例如在T=40℃下或結合反應性稀釋劑,其將傾向於結晶。此外,其Tg過低而無法用於高溫應用。比較實例2為通常使用之環氧基均聚合型反應性浸漬系統,其對於滴流浸漬具有總體良好效能,諸如低黏度、潛伏期及高反應性。然而,其含有具有H361標籤之CMR組份且其Tg對於高溫應用而言過低。比較實例3為聚酯醯亞胺基浸漬系統且通常用於滴流浸漬。儘管此系統無CMR且其反應性及儲存穩定性足夠,但其並不很好地黏附於主要絕緣材料(PEEK)。此外,其Tg低於155℃,限制其使用高溫應用。比較實例4為對主要絕緣材料具有良好黏著性且不具毒性的可均聚合環氧基系統。然而,其反應過慢且其Tg對於高溫應用而言過低。比較實例5亦為對主要絕緣材料具有良好黏著性之可均聚環氧基系統,然而其為有毒的。此外,其反應過慢且Tg對於高溫應用而言過低。比較實例6為Tg及反應性過低之環氧系統。此系統之另一缺點為固體雙氰胺顆粒之存在,其可引起阻止電線之間材料之恰當浸漬及固化的過濾作用。本發明實例1解決上文所提及之所有問題:其提供高Tg (>160℃),作為單組份系統儲存穩定最少6個月,在130℃下快速固化(<10 min),由於低黏度及良好可濕性/對熱塑性主要絕緣材料(諸如PEEK)之黏著性而良好浸漬,且無毒性。
特性 | 比較實例 1 | 比較實例 2 | 比較實例 3 | 比較實例 4 | 比較實例 5 | 比較實例 6 | 實例 1 | |
Tg (℃) | 120 | 122 | < 155 | 120 | 120 | 118 | 168 | |
儲存穩定性(月) | < 1 (結晶) | 12 | 12 | > 6 | > 6 | < 1 | > 6 | |
黏度(mPas) | >100 (110℃下) | < 100 | < 100 | 10 | < 100 | 70 (60℃下) | 60 (110℃下) | |
130℃下之凝膠時間(分鐘) | 約10 | 5 | 5.5 (120℃下) | 80 | 25 | 22 (120℃下) | 8 | |
浸漬能力 | 不合格 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 不合格 | 良好 | |
對PEEK之黏著力 | 部分 | 良好 | 不合格 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | 良好 | |
抗張強度(Mpa) | - | - | - | 45 | 30 | 76 | 80 | |
斷裂伸長率(%) | - | - | - | 1 | 1.25 | 4 | 6 | |
無CMR,無H361 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 是 | 否 | 是 | 是 | |
儘管上文已詳細地描述本發明之各種實施例的製作及使用,但應瞭解,本發明提供諸多可在廣泛多種特定情況下實施之可適用的發明概念。本文中所論述之特定實施例僅用於說明製作及使用本發明之特定方式且不限定本發明之範疇。
Claims (23)
- 一種單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其包含:(a)環氧樹脂;(b)反應性稀釋劑;(c)衍生自環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺之氰基乙醯胺;(d)呈加合物或鹽形式之受保護鹼,其可在大於約50℃之溫度下加熱後釋放鹼;及(e)多元酸。
- 如請求項2之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其中該降𦯉烷型二胺為2,5-雙(胺基甲基)降𦯉烷或2,6-雙(胺基甲基)降𦯉烷或其混合物。
- 如請求項4之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其中各R 2獨立地為氫或甲基且m為2至約70的整數。
- 如請求項1之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其中該環氧樹脂包含雙酚A二縮水甘油醚或雙酚F二縮水甘油醚。
- 如請求項1之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其中該反應性稀釋劑為環氧基反應性稀釋劑。
- 如請求項1之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其中該受保護鹼呈三級胺與酚的加合物形式。
- 如請求項9之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其中該三級胺與該酚之該加合物具有小於30微米之平均粒度D50。
- 如請求項1之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其中該受保護鹼為離子液體。
- 如請求項1之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其進一步包含一或多種添加劑。
- 如請求項1之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物,其中 (a)該環氧樹脂之存在量在約40重量%至約70重量%範圍內; (b)該反應性稀釋劑之存在量在約10重量%至約40重量%範圍內; c)衍生自環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺之該氰基乙醯胺的存在量在約10重量%至約40重量%範圍內; (d)呈加合物或鹽形式之該受保護鹼之存在量在約0.1重量%至約6重量%範圍內;及 (e)該多元酸之存在量在約0.05重量%至約3重量%範圍內,其中該重量%係以該單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之總重量計。
- 一種封裝產品,其包含a)具有至少一個出口之容器;及b)如請求項1之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物。
- 如請求項14之封裝產品,其中如請求項1之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物具有至少6個月之儲存穩定性。
- 一種如請求項1之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之用途,其用於對電氣或電子鑄件、電氣或電子灌注、電氣或電子封裝、電氣層合物或結構性複合物進行浸漬、保護性塗佈或黏附。
- 一種如請求項1之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之用途,其用作用於將第一基板黏合至第二基板的黏著劑。
- 一種如請求項1之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物之用途,其用作電動機、變壓器及發電機之浸漬或塗層組合物。
- 一種形成經浸漬基板之方法,其包含以下步驟:藉由浸入式浸漬、真空浸漬或滴流浸漬,將如請求項1之單組份環氧樹脂基組合物塗覆至基板上,以形成經浸漬基板,及固化經塗覆之組合物。
- 如請求項19之方法,其中該基板包含主要絕緣層,其包含聚醚醚酮,且該單組份環氧樹脂基組合物塗覆至該主要絕緣層上。
- 如請求項20之方法,其中該基板為轉子或定子之捲繞導體。
- 一種雙組份組合物,其包含:(a)環氧樹脂及反應性稀釋劑;及(b)衍生自環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺之氰基乙醯胺、可在大於約50℃之溫度下加熱後釋放鹼的呈加合物或鹽形式之受保護鹼,及多元酸。
- 一種雙組份組合物,其包含:(a)第一組份,其含有環氧樹脂及反應性稀釋劑、可在大於約50℃之溫度下加熱後釋放鹼的呈加合物或鹽形式之受保護鹼,及多元酸;及(b)第二組份,其含有衍生自環脂族型二胺及聚氧伸烷基胺之氰基乙醯胺,及環氧樹脂及反應性稀釋劑。
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