TW202212609A - 低應力含硼層之沉積 - Google Patents
低應力含硼層之沉積 Download PDFInfo
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- TW202212609A TW202212609A TW110128319A TW110128319A TW202212609A TW 202212609 A TW202212609 A TW 202212609A TW 110128319 A TW110128319 A TW 110128319A TW 110128319 A TW110128319 A TW 110128319A TW 202212609 A TW202212609 A TW 202212609A
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Abstract
本技術的實例包括用以在基板上形成含硼材料之半導體處理方法。範例處理方法可包括:將包括含硼前驅物之沉積前驅物輸送至半導體製程腔室的處理區域。可在半導體製程腔室的處理區域內,從沉積前驅物形成電漿。所述方法可進一步包括:在設置於半導體製程腔室的處理區域內之基板上沉積含硼材料,其中基板之特徵在於:低於或約50°C之溫度。剛沉積的含硼材料之特徵可在於:小於或約2 nm之表面粗糙度,及小於或約-500 MPa之應力水平。在一些實施例中,含硼材料之層可作為硬遮罩。
Description
此申請案主張於2020年8月7日提申之名稱為「DEPOSITION OF LOW-STRESS BORON- CONTAINING LAYERS」之美國專利申請案第16/987,704號之優先權,所述美國專利申請案的全文以引用方式併入本文。
本技術與用於半導體處理之方法及系統有關。更具體而言,本技術與用於生產低應力含硼層或半導體基板之系統及方法有關。
透過在基板表面上生產錯綜複雜圖案化的材料層之製程,可製作積體電路。在基板上產生經圖案化材料需要用於形成並移除材料之受控方法。隨著元件尺寸持續減小,膜特性可能會對元件性能產生更大的影響。用於形成材料層之材料可能會影響所生產之元件的操作特性。隨著材料厚度持續減小,膜的剛沉積的特性可對元件性能產生更大的影響。
因此,需要可用於產生高品質裝置及結構之改良的系統及方法。本技術可滿足這些及其他需求。
本技術的實例包括用以在基板上形成含硼材料之半導體處理方法。範例處理方法可包括:將包括含硼前驅物之沉積前驅物輸送至半導體製程腔室的處理區域。可在半導體製程腔室的處理區域內,從沉積前驅物形成電漿。所述方法可進一步包括:在設置於半導體製程腔室的處理區域內之基板上沉積含硼材料,其中基板之特徵在於:低於或約50 °C之溫度。
在示範實施例中,含硼前驅物可包括選自碳化硼、氮化硼、氮化碳硼、含硼矽、含硼氧化矽、硼和含硼氧化矽及含硼氮化矽中之一或多種化合物。除了含硼前驅物之外,沉積前驅物可包括以下一或多者:含硼前驅物、含矽前驅物及含氮前驅物。在額外實施例中,除了沉積前驅物之外,可將惰性前驅物輸送至處理區域,且惰性前驅物對沉積前驅物之流速比可為大於或約10:1。範例惰性前驅物可包括氦或氬。在進一步的實施例中,半導體製程腔室之特徵可在於:基板處理區域中之壓力小於或約100毫托,且形成之電漿可為在大於2000瓦的偏壓功率下形成之偏壓電漿。
半導體處理方法的額外實施例可包括:將包括含硼前驅物之沉積前驅物輸送至半導體製程腔室的處理區域。可對設置於半導體製程腔室的處理區域內之基板施加偏壓功率,其中偏壓功率大於或約3000瓦。可在半導體製程腔室的處理區域內由沉積前驅物形成電漿,且可將含硼材料沉積於基板上。
在示範實施例中,偏壓功率可為大於或約4000瓦。在額外的示範實施例中,除了沉積前驅物之外,可將惰性前驅物輸送至處理區域,且惰性前驅物對沉積前驅物之流速比可為大於或約10:1。基板的特徵可在於:在含硼材料之沉積的至少一部分期間低於或約50°C之溫度。
半導體處理方法的其他額外實施例可包括:將含硼前驅物輸送至半導體製程腔室的處理區域。範例方法可進一步包括:在半導體製程腔室的處理區域內形成含硼前驅物的電漿,並於設置在處理區域內之基板上沉積含硼材料。含硼材料的特徵可在於:小於或約2 nm之剛沉積的表面粗糙度(as-deposited surface roughness)。
在示範實施例中,剛沉積的含硼材料的特徵可在於:小於或約-500 MPa之應力水平。剛沉積的含硼材料也可包括碳,其中大於或約60%的碳原子具有sp
3混成鍵(hybridized bond)。在額外的示範實施例中,含硼材料可具有小於或約25莫耳%的氫。範例含硼材料可包括選自碳化硼、氮化硼、氮化碳硼、含硼矽、含硼氧化矽、硼和含硼氧化矽及含硼氮化矽中之一或多種化合物。在進一步的示範實施例中,除了含硼前驅物之外,可將惰性前驅物輸送至基板處理區域,且惰性前驅物對含硼前驅物之流速比可為大於或約10:1。在含硼材料之沉積期間,可將偏壓功率施加至基板,其中偏壓功率大於或約3000瓦。基板之特徵可在於:含硼材料之沉積期間低於或約50°C之溫度。
這樣的技術可相對於習用系統和技術提供許多益處。舉例而言,本技術的實施例產生具有低表面粗糙度之剛沉積的含硼層,這使得所述含硼層非常適合於硬遮罩等功能。此外,剛沉積的含硼層具有低應力,因而不會顯著彎折或扭曲相鄰的基板特徵。結合以下描述和附圖更詳細地描述這些和其他實施例以及它們的諸多優點及特徵。
本技術包括用於在半導體基板上沉積含硼層(所述含硼層之特徵在於低粗糙度及低應力)之系統及製程方法。這些系統及方法的實施例解決了形成特徵為低粗糙度和低應力之剛沉積的含硼層的問題,所述層經歷較少用以平滑表面粗糙度並中和應力之沉積後處理操作。特徵在於低粗糙度和低應力的含硼層正受到越來越多的關注,例如,將其用作硬遮罩以圖案化蝕刻基板的下方材料中之高深寬比(HAR)特徵。
這些HAR特徵的實例包括3D NAND記憶體單元中之通道及觸點,所述通道及觸點可延伸穿過數百個含矽層,且其特徵可在於:大於或約70:1的深寬比(即,高度對寬度比)。以習用方式形成之含硼硬遮罩的特徵在於:優先於硬遮罩蝕刻含矽層之高選擇性,但其特徵亦在於:高表面粗糙度(如,平均表面粗糙度大於或約10 nm)及高應力(如,應力水平小於或約-1000 MPa,其中應力值越負表示材料施加的壓縮力越大),這會在蝕刻期間產生問題。這些問題包括由高表面粗糙度引起之變形圖案化及不良的臨界尺寸均勻性。這些問題還包括全由硬遮罩層中之高應力所引起之下方基板堆疊的彎折和彎曲,以及遮罩的破裂。
習用系統及方法藉由進行沉積後硬遮罩處理操作來解決這些問題,例如,進行化學機械研磨(CMP)操作來使粗糙表面平滑,及進行熱或電漿退火操作來中和高應力。額外的習用系統及方法包括:多重硬遮罩層之沉積,所述應遮罩層具有相抵的拉伸及壓縮應力,這些應力結合起來形成更中性應力的硬遮罩積層。這些操作增加了習用的含硼硬遮罩形成之複雜度、時間和成本。
藉由取代或去除含硼層(所述含硼層作為在圖案化及蝕刻基板中及基板上的元件特徵期間之硬遮罩)來消除表面粗糙度並減輕應力會有問題。通常將含硼硬遮罩沉積在下方基板材料與上方能量敏感抗性層(如,光阻層)之間。硬遮罩對用以根據能量敏感抗性層中產生之圖案在下方基板材料中形成特徵之蝕刻劑提供選擇性抵抗。硬遮罩中之硼進一步增進蝕刻選擇性,以在蝕刻操作期間保持下方基板特徵的完整性。若去除硬遮罩層,或若從硬遮罩去掉硼,則蝕刻劑很可能會攻擊欲保持完整之下方基板特徵的部分,導致特徵之侵蝕及可能的破壞。
本技術藉由提供系統及製程方法來沉積特徵在於低粗糙度及低應力之含硼材料,以解決這些問題還有其他問題。在一些實施例中,剛沉積的含硼材料可作為含硼硬遮罩還有其他功能。系統及方法的實施例藉由維持一或多種製程參數來沉積含硼材料,所述製程參數協同操作來減緩沉積材料中之含硼晶體的生長速率、減少沉積材料中之氫併入、改善沉積材料中之碳鍵結,並降低沉積材料中之應力量。描述於下文中之這些參數中的一些,包括基板溫度、有助於形成沉積電漿之惰性前驅物對含硼前驅物之流速比,及用於產生沉積電漿之偏壓功率,還有其他製程參數。
本技術之實施例包括抑制沉積的含硼材料中之含硼化合物的晶體生長之系統及方法。剛沉積的材料中之晶體的較小平均尺寸可能導致減小的表面粗糙度。在一些實施例中,所述系統及方法也包括特徵在於較少量的氫之含硼材料之沉積。較少的氫含量可有助於降低含硼晶體的平均尺寸,並形成特徵在於減少的表面粗糙度之剛沉積的含硼膜。在額外實施例中,所述系統及方法包括含硼及碳膜之沉積,其中特徵在於sp
3混成之碳原子的量增加。特徵在於sp
3混成之碳原子的增量可減小含硼晶體的平均尺寸,並形成特徵在於減小的表面粗糙度之剛沉積的含硼及碳膜。因此,本技術包括用於形成特徵在於低表面粗糙度及低應力中之至少一者之剛沉積的含硼層之實施例。在一些實施例中,這些系統及方法形成低粗糙度、低應力含硼層,例如硬遮罩層,而無需複雜、耗時且昂貴的沉積後處理操作以降低層中之中和應力的表面粗糙度。
儘管其餘揭示內容將常規地利用所揭示之技術來標示具體沉積製程,但將可容易理解到,所述系統和方法同樣適用於其他沉積及處理製程,而所述製程可發生在本文所述之腔室或任何其他腔室中。因此,可在各種化學氣相沉積腔室中實施本技術,且不應被視為僅限於與這些特定的沉積製程或腔室單獨使用。在描述根據本技術的實施例之對所述系統的額外變化和調整之前,本揭示內容將討論一種可能的系統和腔室,其可用於進行根據本技術的一些實施例之製程方法。
第 1 圖顯示根據實施例之沉積、蝕刻、烘烤及硬化腔室之處理系統100的一個實施例之頂部平面視圖。在圖式中,一對前開式統一傳送盒102供應各種尺寸的基板,所述基板由機械手臂104接收並放置入低壓保持區106內,接著將所述基板放置在基板製程腔室108a至108f中之一者內,所述基板製程腔室108a至108f安置在串聯區塊109a至109c中。可使用第二機械手臂110將基板晶圓從保持區106運送至基板製程腔室108a至108f並返回。可裝配各基板製程腔室108a至108f以進行數個基板處理操作,包括本文所述之半導體材料的堆疊之形成,還有電漿增進化學氣相沉積、原子層沉積、物理氣相沉積、蝕刻、預清潔、脫氣、定向及其他基板製程(包括退火、灰化等等)。
基板製程腔室108a至108f可包括用於沉積、退火、硬化及/或蝕刻基板上之介電膜或其他膜之一或多個系統部件。在一種配置中,製程腔室之兩對製程腔室,如,108c及108d和108e及108f,可用於將介電材料沉積在基板上,且製程腔室之第三對製程腔室,如,108a及108b,可用於蝕刻所沉積之介電質。在另一種配置中,所有三對腔室,如,108a至108f,可經配置以將交替的介電膜之堆疊沉積於基板上。可在不同的實施例中所示之與製造系統分開的腔室中進行本文所述之製程中之任何一或多者。將可理解到,可思及將系統100用於介電膜之沉積、蝕刻、退火和硬化腔室之其他配置。
第 2A 及 2B 圖顯示根據本技術的一些實施例之範例半導體處理系統232及280的示意剖面視圖。該等圖式可圖解系統的概觀,所述系統可結合本技術之一或多個態樣,及/或可被具體配置以進行根據本技術之實施例的一或多個操作。在下文中可進一步描述系統232及280及所進行之方法的額外特徵。根據本技術的一些實施例,可利用系統232及280來形成含硼層(如含硼硬遮罩),儘管可理解到可類似地在其中可發生層形成之任何系統中進行所述方法。
現請參見
第 2A 圖,半導體處理系統232包括半導體製程腔室200,半導體製程腔室200可包括頂壁224、側壁201及底壁222,頂壁224、側壁201及底壁222界定基板處理區域226。氣體控制板230及控制器210可耦接製程腔室200。可在製程腔室200的基板處理區域226中提供基板支撐組件246。
基板支撐組件246可包括由軸桿260支撐之靜電吸盤250。可由鋁、陶瓷及其他合適的材料(如不鏽鋼)製成靜電吸盤250。可使用位移機構(未示出),在製程腔室200內之垂直方向上移動靜電吸盤250。可將溫度感測器272(如熱偶)嵌入靜電吸盤250中,以監測靜電吸盤250的溫度。控制器210可使用測得之溫度對供給加熱器單元270之功率進行控制,以將基板維持在期望的溫度下。
真空泵202可耦接至形成在製程腔室200的底部中之埠。可使用真空泵202在製程腔室200中維持期望氣體壓力。真空泵202也從製程腔室200排出製程的處理後之氣體及副產物。
可將具有複數個孔228之氣體分佈組件220設置在製程腔室200的頂部,位於靜電吸盤250上方。氣體分佈組件220的孔228用於將製程氣體引入製程腔室200內。孔228可具有不同的尺寸、數量、分佈、形狀、設計和直徑,以促進用於不同製程需求之各種製程氣體之流動。氣體分佈組件220連接至氣體控制板230,氣體控制板230允許各種氣體在處理期間流至處理空間226。由離開氣體分佈組件220之製程氣體混合物形成電漿,以增進製程氣體之熱分解,導致材料沉積在位於靜電吸盤250上之基板290的頂表面291上。
氣體分佈組件220和靜電吸盤250可在處理空間226中形成一對間隔開的電極。一或多個RF功率源240透過可選的匹配網路238將偏壓電位提供至氣體分佈組件220,以有助於在氣體分佈組件220與靜電吸盤250之間產生電漿。或者,RF功率源240及匹配網路238可耦接至氣體分佈組件220、靜電吸盤250,或耦接至氣體分佈組件220和靜電吸盤250二者,或耦接至設置於製程腔室200外部之天線(未示出)。在一些實施例中,RF功率源240可生成以下頻率之功率:大於或約100 KHz、大於或約500 KHz、大於或約1MHz、大於或約10 MHz、大於或約20 MHz、大於或約50 MHz、大於或約100 MHz還有其他頻率範圍。由RF功率源240生成之功率的頻率之具體實例包括:350 KHz、2 MHz、13.56 MHz、27 MHz、40 MHz、60 MHz、100 MHz及162 MHz還有其他頻率。
控制器210包括中央處理單元(CPU)212、記憶體216及輔助電路214,以用於控制製程順序並調節來自氣體控制板230的氣流。CPU 212可以是可用於工業環境中之任何形式之通用電腦處理器。軟體常式可儲存在記憶體216中,例如隨機存取記憶體、唯獨記憶體、軟碟或硬碟或其他形式的數位儲存器。輔助電路214耦接至CPU 212且可包括快取、時脈電路、輸入/輸出系統、電源及諸如此類者。透過各種訊號纜線(統稱為訊號匯流排218)操縱控制器210與基板處理系統232之各種部件之間的雙向通訊,
第 2A 圖中示出部分訊號纜線。
第 2B 圖描繪可用於實行本文所述實施例之另一個基板處理系統280的示意性剖面視圖。除了基板處理系統280被配置為使來自氣體控制板230之處理氣體經由側壁201徑向流動通過基板290的頂表面291之外,基板處理系統280類似於
第 2A 圖的基板處理系統232。此外,以電極282取代
第 2A 圖中描繪之氣體分佈組件220。電極282可經配置用於產生二次電子(secondary electron)。在一個實施例中,電極282為含矽電極。
第 3 圖描繪可用在系統的實施例中之基板支撐組件346之示意性剖面視圖。基板支撐組件346可包括靜電吸盤350,靜電吸盤350可包括加熱器單元370,加熱器單元370適用於控制靜電吸盤350的上表面392上所支撐之基板390的溫度。加熱器單元370可嵌入靜電吸盤350中。可藉由從加熱器功率源306施加電流至加熱器單元370而電阻式地加熱靜電吸盤350。可透過RF濾波器316耦接加熱器功率源306,以保護加熱器功率源306不受RF能量影響。由控制器310調控從加熱器功率源306供應之電流,以控制由加熱器單元370產生的熱量,從而在膜沉積期間將基板390及靜電吸盤350維持在實質上恆定的溫度下。在將含碳膜沉積於基板上之期間,可調整供應的電流以將靜電吸盤350的溫度選擇性地控制在約20 °C至約350 °C之間。也可將冷卻單元(未示出)熱耦接至基板支撐組件346,以將基板390的溫度選擇性地控制在介於約-50 °C至約20 °C之間的溫度。
在一些實施例中,靜電吸盤350包括吸附電極410,吸附電極410可為導電材料之篩網(mesh)。吸附電極410可嵌入靜電吸盤350中。吸附電極410耦接至吸附功率源412,當通電時,吸附電極410將基板390靜電式夾持至靜電吸盤350的上表面392。
吸附電極310可被配置為單極或雙極電極,或具有其他合適的佈置。吸附電極410可透過RF濾波器414耦接至吸附功率源412,吸附功率源412提供直流(DC)功率以用靜電方式將基板390固定至靜電吸盤350的上表面392。RF濾波器414防止用於在製程腔室內形成電漿之RF功率損壞電子設備。可由諸如AlN或Al
2O
3等陶瓷材料製成靜電吸盤350。
功率施加系統420耦接至基板支撐組件346。功率施加系統420可包括加熱器功率源306、吸附功率源412、第一射頻(RF)功率源430及第二RF功率源440。功率施加系統420的實施例可額外包括控制器310及感測器元件450,感測器元件450與控制器310及第一RF功率源430和第二RF功率源440二者通訊。為了在基板390上沉積材料層,控制器310可藉由從第一RF功率源430及第二RF功率源440施加RF功率,而用於控制來自處理氣體之電漿。
如上所述,靜電吸盤350包括吸附電極410,吸附電極410一方面可有吸附基板390的作用,同時也有作為第一RF電極的作用。靜電吸盤350也可包括第二RF電極460,且可與吸附電極410一起施加RF功率來調諧電漿。第一RF功率源430可耦接至第二RF電極460,同時第二RF功率源440可耦接至吸附電極410。可分別就第一RF功率源430及第二RF功率源440提供第一匹配網路及第二匹配網路。第二RF電極460可為導電材料之實心金屬板或導電材料之篩網(mesh)。
第一RF功率源430及第二RF功率源440可生成相同頻率或不同頻率下之功率。在一些實施例中,第一RF功率源430及第二RF功率源440中之一或二者可獨立地生成以下頻率下之功率:大於或約100 KHz、大於或約500 KHz、大於或約1MHz、大於或約10 MHz、大於或約20 MHz、大於或約50 MHz、大於或約100 MHz還有其他頻率範圍。由RF功率源430、440獨立地生成之功率的頻率之具體實例包括:350 KHz、2 MHz、13.56 MHz、27 MHz、40 MHz、60 MHz、100 MHz及162 MHz還有其他頻率。為了調諧電漿,可變化來自第一RF功率源430及第二RF功率源440中之一或二者之RF功率。
第 4 圖顯示根據本技術的一些實施例之處理方法400中之範例操作。可在各種製程腔室(包括上文所述之處理系統232及280)中進行所述方法。方法300可包括在本文所記載之方法操作開始前之一或多個操作,包括前端處理、沉積、蝕刻、拋光、清潔或可在所述操作前進行之任何其他操作。所述方法可包括如圖所示之數個視情況的操作,其可與根據本技術之方法具體相關或無關。舉例而言,為了提供半導體製程之更廣範籌而描述了許多操作,但這些操作對技術而言並非關鍵,或者可藉由將於下文進一步描述之替代方法來進行。
方法400可涉及視情況的操作,以將半導體結構發展為特定製造操作。儘管在一些實施例中可於基底結構上進行方法400,但在一些實施例中,可在其他材料形成或移除後進行方法。舉例而言,可進行任何數目的沉積、遮蔽或移除操作,以於基板上生產任何電晶體、記憶體或其他結構態樣。在一些實施例中,形成於基板上之一或多個結構之特徵可在於低於或約500 °C、低於或約450 °C、低於或約400 °C或更低之熱預算(thermal budget)。因此,可在處於或低於結構性熱預算之溫度下進行方法400及任何後續操作。可將基板設置於基板支撐件上,基板支撐件可安置在半導體製程腔室的處理區域內。可在與可進行方法400的態樣之相同腔室中進行生產下層結構之操作,且亦可在一或多個腔室中進行一或多個操作,所述一或多個腔室位在可進行方法400的操作之腔室位處之類似平台上,或所述一或多個腔室可位在其他平台上。
在一些實施例中,方法400可包括:將一或多種含硼前驅物輸送至基板製程腔室的基板處理區域(405)。範例含硼前驅物可包括含硼及氫化合物(如,硼烷),如硼烷(BH
3)、二硼烷(B
2H
6)或其他多中心鍵結的含硼及氫化合物。額外的範例含硼前驅物可包括含硼及碳化合物,如含硼烴(如,B
x-(C
yH
z)化合物),還有其他有機硼化合物,還有可用於生產含硼材料之任何其他含硼材料。
一或多種含硼前驅物可與至少一種惰性前驅物結合。在一些實施例中,惰性前驅物可作為載體氣體,載體氣體可在含硼前驅物輸送至基板處理區域前與含硼前驅物混合,並有助於攜帶含硼前驅物進入基板處理區域內。在額外實施例中,可藉由獨立於含硼前驅物之通道輸送惰性前驅物,且這兩種類型的前驅物可在基板製程腔室的基板處理區域中結合。在更進一步的實施例中,惰性前驅物既可為含硼前驅物所用之載體氣體,也可為獨立地輸送至基板處理區域之惰性前驅物。範例惰性前驅物包括氦及氬,還有其他惰性前驅物。
已發現到,惰性前驅物對含硼前驅物之相對流速可影響剛沉積的含硼材料之特性,包括表面粗糙度及材料中之應力大小。在一些實施例中,惰性前驅物對含硼前驅物之流速比可大於或約10:1,且可大於或約20:1、大於或約30:1、大於或約40:1、大於或約50:1或更大。用於惰性前驅物之範例流速範圍可包括:超過或約1000 sccm。用於惰性前驅物之額外範例流速範圍可包括:超過或約1500 sccm、超過或約2000 sccm、超過或約2500 sccm、超過或約3000 sccm、超過或約3500 sccm、超過或約4000 sccm、超過或約4500 sccm、超過或約5000 sccm或更大。用於含硼前驅物之範例流速範圍可包括:低於或約50 sccm。額外範例流速範圍可包括:低於或約100 sccm、低於或約75 sccm、低於或約40 sccm、低於或約30 sccm、低於或約20 sccm、低於或約10 sccm、低於或約5 sccm或更低。
已發現當結合高電漿功率時,在基板處理區域中以過量的惰性前驅物稀釋含硼前驅物在基板上形成應力水平降低之剛沉積的含硼材料層(as-deposited layer of boron-containing material)。舉例而言,當與高電漿功率一起提供高度稀釋之前驅物時,可提升電漿密度,其包括更大量的自由基流出物,所述自由基流出物可有助於對沉積膜結構進行改質而不會被併入所形成之膜內。藉由形成偏壓電漿(如從偏壓功率產生電漿而不是將偏壓施加至電容耦合式電漿),並藉由利用高偏壓功率,可在沉積期間提供升高的離子衝擊(ion impact)。當形成電漿之前驅物在這些高功率情況下包括以惰性前驅物進行高度稀釋時,在形成期間升高的轟擊可藉由使含硼晶體的生長速率放緩並增加氫的去除等功效來改良沉積膜結構。
在一些實施例中,可與含硼前驅物及惰性前驅物一起將額外前驅物輸送至基板處理區域。這些額外前驅物可包括一或多種含烴前驅物。在這些實施例中,沉積於基板上之含硼材料可表徵為含硼及碳材料。範例含烴前驅物可包括乙炔(C
2H
2)。額外的範例含烴前驅物可包括:具有通式C
xH
y之烴化合物,其中x的範圍介於1與20之間,且y的範圍介於1與20之間。合適的烴化合物包括,例如:C
3H
6、CH
4、C
4H
8、1,3-二甲基金剛烷、雙環[2.2.1]七-2,5-二烯(2,5-降冰片二烯)、金剛烷(adamantine) (C
10H
16)、降冰片烯(C
7H
10),還有其他烴化合物。在一些實施例中,可將碳對氫比維持在小於或約4:1、小於或約3:1、小於或約2:1、小於或約1:1或更小,這可進一步有助於限制膜形成期間之氫併入。用於含烴前驅物之範例流速範圍可包括:低於或約50 sccm。額外範例流速範圍可包括:低於或約100 sccm、低於或約75 sccm、低於或約40 sccm、低於或約30 sccm、低於或約20 sccm、低於或約10 sccm、低於或約5 sccm或更低。
在進一步的實施例中,額外前驅物可包括含氮前驅物。在這些實施例中,沉積於基板上之含硼材料可表徵為含硼及氮材料,如氮化硼。若亦存在含碳前驅物,則沉積於基板上之含硼材料可表徵為含硼、碳及氮材料。範例含氮前驅物可包括氨(NH
3)、分子氮(N
2)及氧化亞氮(N
2O),還有其他含氮前驅物。用於含氮前驅物之範例流速範圍可包括:低於或約20 sccm。額外範例流速範圍可包括:低於或約100 sccm、低於或約75 sccm、低於或約50 sccm、低於或約40 sccm、低於或約30 sccm、低於或約10 sccm、低於或約5 sccm或更低。
在一些實施例中,也可將含氫前驅物或電漿引入基板處理區域。可使諸如氫氣(H
2)等範例含氫前驅物形成氫自由基,而將氫自由基輸送至基板以與其他電漿流出物及/或沉積材料混合並反應。在亦存在含烴前驅物之一些實施例中,氫自由基可與具有sp
2混成(sp
2hybridization)之碳反應,並將具有sp
2混成之碳轉化為sp
3混成碳。在一些實施例中,可在位於製程腔室外部之遠端電漿系統(RPS)中產生氫自由基並將氫自由基輸送至基板處理區域。
在本技術的實施例中,將前驅物輸送至基板製程腔室,其中基板存在於所述腔室的基板處理區域中。在一些實施例中,可將基板安置於基板處理區域中之基板支撐組件上,且可將基板維持在低於或約50 °C之溫度下。在額外實施例中,可藉由基板製程腔室中之基板支撐組件中之加熱器元件將基板溫度維持在低至約20 °C。在進一步的實施例中,可藉由將冷卻流體輸送至基板支撐組件之冷卻單元將基板溫度維持在低於或約20 °C。額外的基板溫度範圍包括:低於或約40 °C、低於或約30 °C、低於或約20 °C、低於或約10 °C、低於或約0 °C、低於或約 -10 °C、低於或約-20 °C、低於或約-30 °C或更低。
已發現到,當與稀釋含硼前驅物及使用高電漿功率來產生含硼沉積電漿中之至少一者結合時,於含硼材料之沉積期間將基板的溫度維持在低於或約50 °C可形成低粗糙度的低應力層。如上文所記述,當與高電漿功率一起提供高度稀釋之前驅物時,可提升電漿密度,其包括更大量的自由基流出物,所述自由基流出物可有助於對沉積膜結構進行改質而不會被併入所形成之膜內。經改質的膜結構之特徵可在於:降低表面粗糙度之較小的含硼晶體,及降低薄膜應力之較低的氫含量。在低於或約50 °C的基板溫度下之膜形成可減緩含硼晶體的生長速率,並減緩已由增加的惰性前驅物轟擊造成破壞或被阻止更快生長之含硼晶體的再生長。此外,在這些低基板溫度下之膜形成可能有助於形成具有較少氫含量之材料,這與由增加的惰性前驅物轟擊創造之沉積條件互補。
提供於基板處理區域中之範例基板可包括晶態矽(如,Si<100>或Si<111>)、氧化矽、應變矽、矽鍺、經摻雜的或未經摻雜的多晶矽、經摻雜的或未經摻雜的矽基板及經圖案化或未經圖案化的基板、絕緣體上矽 (SOI)、經碳摻雜的氧化矽、 氮化矽、經摻雜的矽、鍺、砷化鎵、玻璃及藍寶石等基底基板,還有其他基底基板材料。範例基板可進一步包括:形成於基底基板上之一或多個材料層。所述一或多個層可包括導電材料層(如,含金屬材料層)、半導體材料層(如,非晶矽層)及絕緣體材料層(如,氮化矽、氧化矽)。在一些實施例中,基板可包括基底基板及多重材料層(如,多於或約48層、多於或約65層、多於或約96層、多於或約128層、多於或約256層或更多),所述多重材料層構成用於諸如3D NAND記憶體結構等應用之膜堆疊。基板可進一步包括基板特徵,如間隙、介層孔(via)、溝槽、階梯,還有其他類型的特徵。基板特徵可直接形成在基底基板中。替代或額外地,基板特徵可形成於沉積在基底基板上之絕緣、導電及/或半導電材料層中,所述層構成基板的一部分。範例基板可採用各種形狀,如圓形、矩形或正方形,且可具有例如,200 mm、300 mm或450 mm之直徑、側邊或對角線尺寸。
在一些實施例中,供應至基板處理區域之前驅物可在基板製程腔室中產生並維持低於或約100毫托的處理壓力。額外的範例處理壓力範圍包括:低於或約1托、低於或約500毫托、低於或約50毫托、低於或約10毫托、低於或約5毫托、低於或約1毫托、低於或約0.1毫托或更低,還有其他壓力範圍。在一些實施例中,藉由降低處理壓力,可藉由增加原子間之平均自由徑(mean-free-path)來增加離子轟擊。這可能會增加碰撞之間的行進距離,而這可能增加膜表面處之能量及轟擊。這可進一步促進氫之減少並增加膜內之改良碳鍵結的形成,所述改良碳鍵結被形成來降低所生成的膜之應力。
方法400的實施例進一步包括將電漿功率輸送至基板處理區域(412)。在一些實施例中,電漿功率可作為偏壓功率輸送,所述偏壓功率源自與靜電吸盤電性接觸之RF功率源,而靜電吸盤與基板電性接觸。如前文所記載,本技術之一些實施例可生成處於高電漿功率下之偏壓電漿,以改良剛沉積的材料之膜特性。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,可在以下輸送功率下生成偏壓電漿:大於或約2000 W、大於或約2500 W、大於或約3000 W、大於或約3500 W、大於或約4000 W、大於或約4500 W或更大。藉由增加電漿功率,這可與增加惰性前驅物輸送一起進行,可生成一定量的來自惰性前驅物之轟擊,這可對沉積材料進行改質而增進碳鍵結並減少氫併入。RF功率源可生成處於以下頻率之功率,例如,約350 KHz至約162 MHz(如,350 KHz、2 MHz、13.56 MHz、27 MHz、40 MHz、60 MHz、100 MHz或162 MHz)。
請參見上文提及之
第 3 圖,在一些實施例中,可藉由靜電吸盤350將RF偏壓功率輸送至基板處理區域中之前驅物,其中從第二RF功率源440供應RF功率給靜電吸盤350。在額外的實施例中,也可由第二RF電極460供應全部或部分的RF偏壓功率,其中第二RF電極460與第一RF功率源430電子通訊,而第一RF功率源430供應偏電壓至第二RF電極460。第一RF功率源430可生成處於以下頻率之功率:從約350 KHz至約100 MHz(如,350 KHz、2 MHz、13.56 MHz、27 MHz、40 MHz、60 MHz或100 MHz)。
在一些實施例中,操作412可進一步包含:施加第二RF偏壓功率至靜電吸盤,以獨立地控制離子密度和離子能量,以調節薄膜應力。第二RF偏壓功率可大於或約10瓦,且可具有大於或約350 KHz的頻率。請參見
第 3 圖,在一些實施例中,透過吸附電極410將第二RF偏壓功率提供至基板391。吸附電極410可與第二RF功率源440電子通訊,而第二RF功率源440供應偏電壓至吸附電極410。可提供大於或約10瓦的功率之第二RF偏壓功率。在一些實施例中,可將RF偏壓功率及第二RF偏壓功率二者輸送至前驅物,以在操作412期間產生電漿。在額外實施例中,可透過吸附電極410將RF偏壓功率輸送至基板,且可透過第二RF電極460輸送第二RF偏壓功率。
在方法400的實施例中,於操作415,輸送至基板處理區域之電漿功率從供應至基板處理區域之前驅物產生沉積電漿。所產生的沉積電漿可包括含硼成分。在一些實施例中,含烴成分及含氮成分中之一或多者也可存在於所產生的電漿中。在一些實施例中,電漿可直接接觸同樣位於基板製程腔室的基板處理區域中之基板。
於操作420,在基板製程腔室中,所產生的電漿於基板上沉積含硼材料。在一些實施例中,含硼材料在小於或約700 Å/分鐘之速率下沉積於基板上。額外的範例沉積速率範圍包括:小於或約600 Å/分鐘、小於或約500 Å/分鐘、小於或約400 Å/分鐘、小於或約300 Å/分鐘、小於或約200 Å/分鐘、小於或約100 Å/分鐘或更小。沉積之材料的量可為具有大於或約10 Å的平均厚度之層。額外的範例平均厚度範圍可包括:大於或約50 Å、大於或約100 Å、大於或約1000 Å、大於或約5000 Å、大於或約10,000 Å、大於或約20,000 Å或更大。
硼併入剛沉積的材料中之量可基於任何併入百分比。舉例而言,剛沉積的材料可包括大於或約5%的硼併入,且在一些實施例中可包括大於或約10%的硼併入、大於或約15%的硼併入、大於或約20%的硼併入、大於或約25%的硼併入、大於或約30%的硼併入、大於或約35%的硼併入、大於或約40%的硼併入、大於或約45%的硼併入、大於或約50%的硼併入、大於或約55%的硼併入、大於或約60%的硼併入、大於或約65%的硼併入、大於或約70%的硼併入、大於或約75%的硼併入、大於或約80%的硼併入、大於或約85%的硼併入、大於或約90%的硼併入、大於或約95%的硼併入或更多。
在本技術的實施例中,剛沉積的含硼材料之特徵可在於減少的氫含量。剛沉積的含硼材料中之範例氫含量範圍可包括:少於或約25莫耳%。剛沉積的材料中之氫含量的額外範例範圍可包括:少於或約20莫耳%、少於或約15莫耳%、少於或約10莫耳%或更少。如上文所記述,材料中之減少的氫含量可有助於降低材料中之應力水平。
在一些實施例中,除了硼之外,剛沉積的材料還可包括碳。剛沉積的材料中之碳的特徵可在於沉積材料中大於或約60%的碳原子為sp
3混成鍵合。sp
3混成碳原子的百分比之額外範例範圍可包括:大於或約40%、大於或約50%、大於或約65%、大於或約70%、大於或約80%、大於或約90%或更大。相較於具有低百分比的sp
3混成碳和高百分比的sp
2混成碳之含硼及碳材料而言,材料中之高百分比的sp
3混成碳可降低材料中之應力水平。增加的具有sp
3混成的碳原子之量使共價成網的碳-碳單鍵(covalently-networked carbon-carbon single bond)之數量增加,而sp
2混成則賦予剛沉積的層更類似石墨之碳特性。相較於類石墨碳,共價成網的碳具有更多碳-碳鍵結長度及強度之同向性分佈,其中平面內鍵結(in-plane bond)比平面外之正交鍵結更短且更強。結果,具有增加數量的sp
3混成碳之含硼及碳層可經沉積而具有比更類石墨層(其含有較大量的sp
2混成碳)更低的應力。
在一些實施例中,可沉積具有低粗糙度之含硼材料。平均表面粗糙度之範例範圍可為:小於或約2 nm、小於或約1.5 nm、小於或約1.0 nm、小於或約0.9 nm、小於或約0.8 nm、小於或約0.7 nm、小於或約0.6 nm、小於或約0.5 nm、小於或約0.4 nm、小於或約0.3 nm、小於或約0.2 nm或更小。此外,在一些實施例中,無論膜厚度如何,均可實質上控制粗糙度。這可避免額外的化學性-機械性拋光操作,因為剛沉積的膜之特徵可在於所示之任何平均粗糙度範圍。此外,剛沉積的含硼層可具有小的粗糙度範圍,如所形成的膜上之最高峰與最低峰之間的差。跨剛沉積的膜之範例粗糙度範圍可為小於或約10 nm,且可為小於或約9 nm、小於或約8 nm、小於或約7 nm、小於或約6 nm、小於或約5 nm、小於或約4 nm、小於或約3 nm、小於或約2 nm、小於或約1 nm或更小。因此,可生成改良的材料,這可提供較習用材料及製程有利之膜及遮罩,還藉由限制或減少製程序中之拋光操作的數量來潛在地減少製造操作。
在額外實施例中,可沉積低應力的含硼材料。低應力材料的特徵在於內部應力水平更接近中性應力(即,0 MPa)。反之,高應力材料的特徵在於內部應力水平顯著地大於0 MPa(即,高度正(拉伸)應力)或顯著地小於0 MPa(即,高度負(壓縮)應力)。高度正應力(可表徵為拉伸應力)可能由材料之膨脹所引起,材料之膨脹在相鄰的基板特徵上產生向外推力。高度負應力(可表徵為壓縮應力)可能由材料之收縮所引起,材料之收縮在相鄰的基板特徵上產生向內拉力。換言之,高應力材料的特徵可在於絕對值顯著地大於0 MPa的應力水平。因此,當材料的特徵在於「大於-1000 MPa」的應力水平時,這是指應力水平的絕對值,且包括如-1500 MPa、-2000 MPa等水平。類似地,當材料的特徵在於「小於-1000 MPa」的應力水平時,這是指更接近中性應力(即,0 MPa)之應力水平,且包括如-500 MPa、-100 MPa等水平,但不會擴展到大於或約1000 MPa的正值。
剛沉積的含硼材料之實施例的特徵可在於:小於或約-500 MPa或更高的應力水平。額外的範例應力值範圍可包括:小於或約-400 MPa、小於或約-300 MPa、小於或約-200 MPa、小於或約-100 MPa、小於或約-50 MPa及小於或約-10 MPa或更小。這些低應力含硼材料可沉積在多重堆疊的膜層上並作為高選擇性硬遮罩,以圖案化蝕刻膜層內之深的高深寬比通道及觸點。含硼材料中之低應力在下方基板特徵(如膜堆疊)上產生可使基板特徵彎折、破裂和失效之應力較小。
本技術的實施例亦可影響剛沉積的含硼材料之額外特性。舉例而言,剛沉積的含硼材料之實施例的特徵可在於:大於或約150 GPa的楊氏模數,且特徵可在於:大於或約160 GPa、大於或約170 GPa、大於或約180 GPa、大於或約190 GPa、大於或約200 GPa或更大的模數。
方法400的實施例也可包括:將含硼材料形成為硬遮罩層之可選的操作(425)。操作可包括:在含硼硬遮罩中形成圖案,用於對下方基板中之基板特徵進行圖案化蝕刻。舉例而言,可在剛沉積的含硼層中形成開口,以將下方基板暴露於乾式蝕刻(如,電漿蝕刻),乾式蝕刻在基板中形成深的(如,大於或約1 µm)高深寬比(如,大於或約50:1的AR)通道或觸點。
方法400中描述之實施例可形成剛沉積的低粗糙度、低應力含硼材料。這些含硼材料的特徵可在於:不需要額外處理操作來使沉積材料的膜層平順即可達成之剛沉積的低粗糙度。含硼材料的特徵亦可在於:不需要額外處理操作來降低沉積層中之應力即可達成之剛沉積的低應力。在一些實施例中,含硼材料的特徵可在於:高光學透明度及高選擇性,這使得所述材料非常適合作為,例如,硬遮罩來圖案化蝕刻下方基板特徵。舉例而言,這些硬遮罩可用於圖案化蝕刻高深寬比(HAR)基板特徵,如3D NAND元件。本技術的實施例包括在基板上提供剛沉積態(as-deposited state)之含硼硬遮罩。
在前文描述中,出於解說之目的,已經闡述了諸多細節以便提供對本技術之各種實施例的理解。然而,對於本案所屬技術領域中具通常知識者將顯而易見的是,可在沒有這些細節中的某些細節或在有額外細節的情況下實踐某些實施例。
在已揭示若干實施例之後,本案所屬技術領域中具通常知識者將認識到,在不偏離實施例之精神的情況下可使用各種修改、替代構造及等效物。另外,為了避免不必要地混淆本技術,未描述若干已熟知的製程及元件。因此,上文描述不應視為限制本技術之範疇。
在提供一範圍之值之情況下,除非本文另有明確指定,應理解亦特定地揭示彼範圍之上限與下限之間的每一中間值,精確度為至下限單位的最小分位。將涵蓋在陳述範圍中之任一陳述值或未陳述的中間值與在彼陳述範圍中之任一其他陳述值或中間值之間的任何較窄範圍。此等較小範圍之上限及下限可獨立地包括於該範圍中或排除於該範圍之外,且在界限中任一者、沒有任一界限或兩界限皆包括於該等較小範圍中之每一範圍亦涵蓋於本技術內,所述每一範圍受所陳述範圍中任何特定排除之界限管轄。在所陳述範圍包括該等限制中一者或兩者之情況下,亦包括排除彼等包括之限制中一者或兩者之範圍。
如本文及隨附申請專利範圍中所使用,除非本文另有明確指定,否則單數形式「一(a)」、「一(an)」及「該(the)」包括複數參照。因此,例如,參照「一前驅物」包括複數個此類前驅物,且參照「該層」包括參照一或多種層及本案所屬技術領域中具通常知識者所知之等效物,等等。
又,當在本案說明書中及下文申請專利範圍中使用字彙「包含(comprise)」、「包含(comprising)」、「含有(contain)」「包括(include)」及「包括(including)」時,意欲指定陳述之特徵、整數、部件或操作之存在,但該等字彙不排除一或多個其他特徵、整數、部件、操作、動作或群組之存在或添加。
100:處理系統
102:前開式統一傳送盒
104:機械手臂
106:低壓保持區
108a~108f:製程腔室
109a~109c:串聯區塊
110:第二機械手臂
200:製程腔室
201:側壁
202:真空泵
206:
210:控制器
212:中央處理單元(CPU)
214:輔助電路
216:記憶體
218:訊號匯流排
220:氣體分佈組件
222:底壁
224:頂壁
226:基板處理區域
228:孔
230:氣體控制板
232:基板處理系統
238:匹配網路
240:RF功率源
246:基板支撐組件
250:靜電吸盤
260:軸桿
270:加熱器單元
272:溫度感測器
280:基板處理系統
282:電極
290:基板
291:頂表面
292:
306:加熱器功率源
310:控制器
346:基板支撐組件
350:靜電吸盤
360:
370:加熱器單元
390:基板
391:基板
392:上表面
410:吸附電極
412:吸附功率源
414:RF濾波器
416:
420:功率施加系統
430:第一RF功率源
440:第二RF功率源
450:感測器元件
460:第二RF電極
400:方法
405,412,415,420,425:操作
透過參考說明書的其餘部份及圖式,可進一步瞭解本文揭露之技術的本質與優點。
第1圖繪示根據本技術的一些實施例之範例處理系統的頂視圖。
第2A圖繪示根據本技術的一些實施例之範例半導體製程腔室的示意性剖面視圖。
第2B圖繪示根據本技術的一些實施例之另一個範例半導體製程腔室的示意性剖面視圖。
第3圖繪示根據本技術的一些實施例之範例基板支撐件及靜電吸盤的示意性剖面視圖。
第4圖繪示根據本技術的一些實施例之半導體製造方法中的操作。
以示意方式包括數個圖式。應理解到,該等圖式僅用於說明之目的,且除非特別說明是按比例繪示,否則不應被視為按比例繪示。此外,作為示意圖,該等圖式用於幫助理解,且相較於現實的表現,可能不包括所有態樣或資訊,且出於說明之目的,可能包括誇大的材料。
在附圖中,類似的部件及/或特徵可以具有相同的元件符號。進一步而言,同類的各部件可透過在元件符號後加上字母(該字母區別類似部件)加以區別。若在說明書中僅使用第一元件符號,則該描述適用於具有相同第一元件符號之任何一個相似部件,無論第二符號為何。
國內寄存資訊(請依寄存機構、日期、號碼順序註記)
無
國外寄存資訊(請依寄存國家、機構、日期、號碼順序註記)
無
400:方法
405,412,415,420,425:操作
Claims (20)
- 一種半導體處理方法,包含以下步驟: 將包含一含硼前驅物之一沉積前驅物輸送至一半導體製程腔室的一處理區域; 在該半導體製程腔室的該處理區域內形成該沉積前驅物之一電漿;以及 在該半導體製程腔室的該處理區域內之一基板上沉積一含硼材料,其中該基板之特徵在於:低於或約50°C的一溫度。
- 如請求項1所述之半導體處理方法,其中該方法進一步包含以下步驟:將一惰性前驅物輸送至該半導體製程腔室的該處理區域,其中該惰性前驅物對該沉積前驅物之一流速比為大於約10:1。
- 如請求項2所述之半導體處理方法,其中該惰性前驅物包含氦或氬中之至少一者。
- 如請求項1所述之半導體處理方法,其中該半導體製程腔室之特徵在於:小於或約100毫托之一壓力。
- 如請求項1所述之半導體處理方法,其中該沉積前驅物進一步包含一含硼前驅物。
- 如請求項1所述之半導體處理方法,其中該沉積前驅物進一步包含一含矽前驅物或一含氮前驅物中之至少一者。
- 如請求項1所述之半導體處理方法,其中該含硼材料包含以下至少一者:碳化硼、氮化硼、氮化碳硼、含硼矽、含硼氧化矽、硼和含硼氧化矽或含硼氮化矽。
- 如請求項1所述之半導體處理方法,其中該電漿係在大於2000瓦之一偏壓功率下形成之一偏壓電漿。
- 一種半導體處理方法,包含以下步驟: 將包含一含硼前驅物之一沉積前驅物輸送至一半導體製程腔室的一處理區域; 對設置於該半導體製程腔室的該處理區域內之一基板施加一偏壓功率,其中該偏壓功率係大於或約3000瓦; 在該半導體製程腔室的該處理區域內形成該沉積前驅物之一電漿;以及 於該基板上沉積一含硼材料。
- 如請求項9所述之半導體處理方法,其中該基板之特徵在於:低於或約50°C之一溫度。
- 如請求項9所述之半導體處理方法,其中該沉積前驅物進一步包含一惰性前驅物。
- 如請求項11所述之半導體處理方法,其中該惰性前驅物對該含硼前驅物之一流速比係大於或約10:1。
- 如請求項9所述之半導體處理方法,其中該偏壓功率係大於或約4000瓦。
- 一種半導體製造方法,包含以下步驟: 將一含硼前驅物輸送至一半導體製程腔室的一處理區域; 在該半導體製程腔室的該處理區域內形成該含硼前驅物之一電漿;以及 於設置在該半導體製程腔室的該處理區域內之一基板上沉積一含硼材料,其中該含硼材料之特徵在於:小於或約2 nm之一剛沉積的表面粗糙度(as-deposited surface roughness)。
- 如請求項14所述之半導體處理方法,其中該基板之特徵在於:低於或約50°C之一溫度。
- 如請求項14所述之半導體處理方法,其中該處理方法進一步包含以下步驟: 將一惰性前驅物輸送至該半導體製程腔室的該處理區域,其中該惰性前驅物對該含硼前驅物之一流速比係大於約10:1;以及 於該含硼材料之沉積期間對該基板施加一偏壓功率,其中該偏壓功率係大於或約3000瓦。
- 如請求項14所述之半導體處理方法,其中該含硼材料之特徵在於:小於或約-500 MPa之一剛沉積的應力(as-deposited stress)。
- 如請求項14所述之半導體處理方法,其中該含硼材料進一步包含碳原子,且其中大於或約60%的該碳原子具有sp 3混成鍵(hybridized bond)。
- 如請求項14所述之半導體處理方法,其中該含硼材料包含少於或約25莫耳%的氫。
- 如請求項14所述之半導體處理方法,其中該含硼材料包含以下至少一者:碳化硼、氮化硼、氮化碳硼、含硼矽、含硼氧化矽、硼和含硼氧化矽或含硼氮化矽。
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US6808748B2 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-10-26 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Hydrogen assisted HDP-CVD deposition process for aggressive gap-fill technology |
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US10297459B2 (en) * | 2013-09-20 | 2019-05-21 | Lam Research Corporation | Technique to deposit sidewall passivation for high aspect ratio cylinder etch |
US10170324B2 (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2019-01-01 | Lam Research Corporation | Technique to tune sidewall passivation deposition conformality for high aspect ratio cylinder etch |
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