TW202210197A - Friction stir welding adapter having a static shaft shoulder system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a friction stir welding adapter having a static shaft shoulder system, which includes a head seat assembly, a friction stir welding tool holder and a static shaft shoulder assembly. The static shaft shoulder assembly has a pin hole and a shaft shoulder. A pin of the friction stir welding tool holder can be exposed from the pin hole. The friction stir welding tool holder forms a relative rotation relationship with the static shaft shoulder assembly during friction stir welding, so that it reduces the friction between the shaft shoulder and the workpiece surfaces and thus reduces the heat input during friction stir welding.

Description

Friction stir welded joint with static shoulder system

The present invention relates to a friction stir welding joint with a static shoulder system.

The friction stir welding technology converts the mechanical kinetic energy of the tool head into thermal energy by rubbing the tool head between the two workpieces, so that the friction part of the two workpieces is plastically deformed due to heat, so that the two workpieces are achieved by material stirring. combined purpose. Among them, how to provide a good static shaft shoulder system is considered by those skilled in the art.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a friction stir welding joint with a static shoulder system.

In order to achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a friction stir welding head with a static shaft shoulder system, which is provided for installation on a machining shaft of a machine tool and used for friction stir welding of two workpieces. The friction stir welding It includes a tool feeding process, a welding process and a tool retracting process. The machining shaft has a rotating spindle and a spindle frame for accommodating the rotating spindle. The friction stir welding head includes: a head-seat group for being fixedly connected to the main shaft frame, the head-seat group has a head-seat accommodating cavity; a friction stir welding tool handle, which is accommodated in the head seat accommodating cavity and is connected to the rotating spindle, and the friction stir welding tool handle has a tool that is driven to rotate by the rotating spindle; A static shaft shoulder assembly is arranged on the side of the head seat group away from the main shaft frame, the static shaft shoulder assembly has a knife hole and a shaft shoulder surrounding the knife hole, and the shaft shoulder is used at least in the welding process pressed against the two workpieces, and the static shoulder assembly allows a part of the tool to be exposed from the tool hole at least during the feeding process and the welding process; Wherein, the friction stir welding tool handle forms a relative rotation relationship with the static shaft shoulder assembly during friction stir welding.

Since the static shaft shoulder assembly is not driven by the rotating spindle during friction stir welding, during friction stir welding, the tool rotates alone, and the shoulder and the workpiece surface only slide relative to each other, so the friction between the shoulder and the workpiece surface can be reduced. , reducing heat input during friction stir welding.

Please refer to FIGS. 1 to 9, which are one embodiment of the friction stir welding head (hereinafter referred to as the welding head) of the present invention. The welding head can be installed on the machining shaft of the machine tool to perform friction stir welding on two workpieces. The machining shaft has a rotating spindle 1 and a spindle frame 2 for accommodating the rotating spindle 1. The welding head includes a head seat group 200, a Static shaft shoulder assembly 300, one friction stir welding handle 400 (hereinafter referred to as welding handle), one ball bearing bush 10, at least one ball bearing 20, at least one piston spring 30, at least one piston 40, at least one first guide post 50. At least one first linear bearing 60, at least one second guide post 70, at least one second linear bearing 80, a linear bearing fixing ring 90, a guide post fixing ring 100, a first heat insulation ring 110, a The second thermal insulation ring 115 and a fluid parameter sensor 120 .

The head seat group 200 is for fixing on the main shaft frame 2, and a head seat accommodating cavity is enclosed inside the head seat group 200. The head seat group 200 includes a head seat 210, a head seat flange 220 and a piston fixing plate 230. The head seat 210 is used for fixing Connected to the spindle frame 2 , the head seat flange 220 is disposed at one end of the head seat 210 away from the spindle frame 2 . For the convenience of assembly, the head base 210 can be further divided into an upper head base 211 and a lower head base 212. The upper head base 211 is provided with oil pressure pipelines and cooling pipelines, and the lower head base 212 roughly defines the head base accommodating cavity side profile.

The static shaft shoulder assembly 300 is disposed on the side of the head seat group 200 away from the main shaft frame 2 in a relatively axially displaceable manner. More specifically, the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 is embedded in the head seat flange in a relatively axially displaceable manner 220, the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 has a knife hole 301, a shaft shoulder 302 surrounding the knife hole 301, a gas nozzle disk 303 surrounding the shaft shoulder 302, and at least one gas nozzle 304 formed in the gas nozzle disk 303, wherein the shaft shoulder 302 is more protruding than the gas nozzle plate 303 and can press against the workpiece during friction stir welding. More specifically, the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 includes a tool retraction pressure ring 310 and a static shaft shoulder ring 320. The tool retraction pressure ring 310 is disposed on the side of the head seat group 200 away from the main shaft frame 2, and the static shaft shoulder ring 320 The knife hole 301 , the shaft shoulder 302 , the gas nozzle plate 303 and the gas nozzle 304 are formed on the static shaft shoulder ring 320 , which is connected to the retracting pressure ring 310 but not in direct contact with the head seat set 200 .

The welding handle 400 is accommodated in the head seat accommodating cavity and is connected to the rotating spindle 1 . One end of the handle cone 410 is connected to the rotating spindle 1 and is provided with a pull rod bolt 411, the handle cone 410 has a cone accommodating cavity, and the cone accommodating cavity has a spline sliding section 412, an adjacent spline sliding section 412 The bushing accommodating section 413 of the connecting section 412 and a first keying groove 414 formed in the bushing accommodating section 413; for the purposes of cooling and tool handle control, a cone flow channel 415 is also formed in the tool handle cone 410, The cone runner 415 has a valve 416, and the cone runner 415 can be introduced into a gas flow during friction stir welding. The torque transmission system 420 includes a spline bushing 421 , a first parallel key 422 , a spline shaft 423 , a spring seat 424 , a second parallel key 425 and a tool locking ring 426 . The spline bushing 421 is accommodated in the bushing accommodating section 413 . The spline bushing 421 has a bushing outer surface 4211 and a bushing keying groove 4212 formed on the bushing outer surface 4211 . The first parallel key 422 is keyed between the handle cone 410 and the spline bushing 421 and is accommodated in the first keying groove 414 and the bushing keying groove 4212 for connecting the handle cone 410 and the spline bushing Torque is transmitted between the sleeves 421 . The spline shaft 423 is axially slidable and is keyed to the spline bushing 421 . The spline shaft 423 has a spline head end 4231 that can slide axially on the spline slidable section 412 and a spline head end 4231 . The spline end 4232 is not accommodated in the spline bush 421 and has a spline connection groove 4233 formed thereon. The spring seat 424 has a spring seat accommodating cavity and a second keying groove 4241 formed in the spring seat accommodating cavity. The spring seat accommodating cavity is used for accommodating a part of the spline shaft 423 . The second parallel key 425 is keyed between the spline shaft 423 and the spring seat 424 and is accommodated in the spline key groove 4233 and the second key groove 4241 for connecting the spline shaft 423 and the spring seat 424 transfer torque. The tool locking ring 426 is fixed on the spring seat 424 and has a tool accommodating groove 4261 . A first cooling channel 427 is also formed in the torque transmission system 420 , the first cooling channel 427 extends through the spline shaft 423 , the spring seat 424 and the tool locking ring 426 , and the gas nozzle 304 of the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 communicated with the first cooling channel 427 . The handle spring 430 is arranged between the handle cone 410 and the spring seat 424 , and is mainly used to provide the forge force required for friction stir welding. The cutter 440 is disposed in the cutter accommodating groove 4261 and has a machining end protruding from the cutter accommodating groove 4261 , and a part of the cutter 440 can protrude from the cutter hole 301 of the stationary shaft shoulder assembly 300 . Through the torque transmission system 420 , the torque can be transmitted from the handle cone 410 to the cutter 440 , while allowing the spline shaft 423 , the spring seat 424 , the cutter locking ring 426 and the cutter 440 to be axially displaced relative to the handle cone 410 .

The valve body 450 is arranged on the spline shaft 423 to be linked with the cutter 440 and selectively seals the valve 416; when the valve body 450 closes the valve 416, the cone flow channel 415 cannot communicate with the first cooling flow channel 427; When the valve 416 is not closed by the body 450, the conical flow channel 415 is communicated with the first cooling flow channel 427, so that the gas flow can flow through the conical flow channel 415, the first cooling flow channel 427 and ejected from the gas nozzle 304 in sequence. , the fluid parameter sensor 120 is used to sense the change of the fluid parameter of the gas flow in the flow channel, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling and control of the tool handle. The detailed principle will be described later. The fluid parameter sensor 120 can be located anywhere that can sense the fluid parameters of the gas flow, for example, it can be located in the cone flow channel, the first cooling flow channel, or even in the inner gas flow channel of the machining shaft upstream of the cone flow channel , as long as a change in a fluid parameter of the gas flow can be sensed, and the fluid parameter may be air pressure and/or flow rate.

The ball bearing bushing 10 is arranged in the accommodating cavity of the head seat, and the ball bearing 20 is arranged between the ball bearing bushing 10 and the welding tool handle 400 to transmit force therebetween. More specifically, a ball bearing accommodating cavity is formed between the ball bearing bushing 10 and the spring seat 424 , and the ball bearing 20 is arranged in the ball bearing accommodating cavity for transmission between the ball bearing bushing 10 and the spring seat 424 The force, such as the axial upset force generated by the compression of the handle spring 430, is transmitted.

The piston 40 is arranged between the head seat group 200 and the static shaft shoulder assembly 300, and the length of the piston 40 in the axial direction of the welding tool handle 400 is variable, thereby allowing the static shaft shoulder assembly 400 to be axially displaced relative to the welding tool handle 400, and The shoulder 302 is allowed to press against the workpiece. More specifically, one end of the piston 40 is set on the piston fixing plate 230 and is connected with the hydraulic pipeline of the upper part of the head seat 211 , and the axial length is changed by hydraulic driving, and the other end of the piston 40 is set on the retracting pressure ring 310 .

The number of the first guide post 50 is the same as that of the first linear bearing 60 . The first guide post 50 extends in the axial direction and passes through the first linear bearing 60 . The first guide post 50 is connected to the head seat 210 and the head seat method. Between the flanges 220 , during friction stir welding, the force borne by the welding head is transmitted to the spindle frame 2 through the head seat 210 .

The number of the second guide post 70 is the same as that of the second linear bearing 80 . The second guide post 70 extends in the axial direction and passes through the second linear bearing 80 . The second guide post 70 is connected to the guide post positioning ring 100 and the static shaft shoulder. Between the assemblies 300, the arrangement of the second guide post 70 and the second linear bearing 80 allows the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 to be displaced smoothly in the axial direction. The guide post positioning ring 100 can be used to locate the second guide post, and second It can be used to limit the stroke of 300 axial displacement of the static shaft shoulder assembly, and has the function of stroke limit protection.

The linear bearing fixing ring 90 has at least one first bearing hole 91 , at least one second bearing hole 92 and a piston hole 93 . The linear bearing fixing ring 90 is fixed on the periphery of the ball bearing bush 10 for positioning the first and second linear bearings. Bearings 60, 80 and transmit force. The first linear bearing 60 is arranged in the first bearing hole 91 , the second linear bearing 80 is arranged in the second bearing hole 92 , and the piston 40 is inserted through the piston through hole 93 . The piston spring 30 is arranged between the piston 40 and the linear bearing fixing ring 90 to push the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 to the direction of the machining axis when the piston 40 is not working. Among them, the lateral force and lateral force on the tool during welding can be transmitted to the first and second linear bearings 60 and 80, and the first and second guide posts 50 and 70 through the ball bearing 20 and the ball bearing bushing 10. It is then transmitted to the main shaft frame 2 through the head base flange 220 and the head base 210, so as to protect the torque transmission system and avoid damage.

The first heat insulation ring 110 is arranged between the retracting pressure ring 310 and the static shaft shoulder ring 320, the second heat insulating ring 115 is arranged between the retracting pressure ring 310 and the ball bearing bushing 10, the first and second spacers are The thermal conductivity of the heat rings 110 and 115 is lower than the thermal conductivity of the retracting pressure ring 310 , the static shaft shoulder ring 320 and the ball bearing bushing 10 , so as to reduce the transfer of heat energy to the inside of the welding head. The first and second heat insulation rings 110 and 115 can form a good heat insulation system to avoid overheating damage to the bearing-related components. Besides, there is a second cooling flow channel 95 between the linear bearing fixing ring 90 and the ball bearing bushing 10, that is, the second cooling flow channel 95 surrounds the outer periphery of the ball bearing bushing 10; that is, The first and second cooling channels form a cooling system, which can also be used to avoid overheating damage to bearing-related components.

In the above welding head there is a system of static shoulders. Since the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 will not be driven to rotate by the rotating spindle 1 during friction stir welding, during friction stir welding, the tool 440 rotates alone, and the shoulder 302 and the workpiece surface only slide relative to each other, thus reducing the amount of friction between the shoulder and the workpiece. Friction with workpiece surface, reducing heat input during friction stir welding.

There is a retraction system in the above welding head. Generally speaking, friction stir welding includes a feeding process, a welding process and a tool retracting process; during the feeding process and the welding process, the tool 440 can be exposed from the tool hole 301 of the stationary shaft shoulder ring 320 and begin to weld the workpiece. The piston spring 30 will pull up the retracting pressure ring 310 and use the second guide post 70 and the second linear bearing 80 to allow the static shaft shoulder ring 320 to not rotate but to slide up and down axially; in the retracting process, the machining axis starts Move away from the workpiece and drive the tool 440 to start withdrawing from the workpiece. At this time, if the shaft shoulder does not press against the workpiece, an exit hole will be formed at the position where the tool 440 exits the workpiece after the tool is withdrawn, and the exit hole needs to be repaired later. , or the part where the exit hole needs to be cut off. In the present invention, because the piston 40 is provided, during the tool retracting process, the piston 40 can be driven by hydraulic pressure to start working, so that the shoulder 302 of the static shoulder ring 320 keeps pressing against the workpiece when the tool 440 is retracted, and this action It can ensure that no exit hole is generated on the surface of the workpiece after the tool is retracted, thereby improving the quality of welding.

In the above welding head there is an upsetting force transmission system. During welding, the tip of the tool 440 will pierce the workpiece, and the tool handle spring 430 will be compressed to provide the upsetting force required for welding. Since the torque transmission system of the present invention allows the tool 440 to slide up and down axially, even if the workpiece surface is not flat, the tool 440 and the shaft shoulder 302 can follow the workpiece surface well, and since the upsetting force is controlled by the handle spring 430 Therefore, when the tool follows the surface of the workpiece, the elastic force of the handle spring 430 will only change slightly, without causing a huge change or disappearance of the upsetting force, thereby overcoming the problem of affecting the welding quality due to the uneven surface of the workpiece.

In the above welding head there is a gas valve switch system. The present invention has a valve body 450 that is linked with the cutter 440, so when the tip of the cutter 440 penetrates the workpiece and retracts axially, the valve body 450 leaves the original position and no longer closes the valve 416, and due to the relative relationship between the valve body 450 and the valve 416 When the position changes, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the valve 416 will correspondingly change, so that at least one of the first cooling flow channel, the cone flow channel, and even the flow channel upstream of the cone flow channel will change the fluid parameters. The fluid parameter sensor 120 can judge the position where the tip of the tool 440 pierces the workpiece according to the change of the sensed fluid parameter, and adjust the axial displacement of the machining shaft, so that the compression amount of the tool handle spring 430 can be controlled, thereby controlling Upset force required for welding. In addition, since the gas flow will be ejected from the gas nozzle 304 towards the workpiece, when the axial distance between the gas nozzle plate 303 and the workpiece changes during the welding process, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the gas nozzle 304 will also be Therefore, the fluid parameter change in the first cooling channel can be sensed by the fluid parameter sensor 120 , and this method can also allow the control system to judge the depth of infeed.

In addition, due to the integration of the above functions, the welding head of the present invention can be clamped and arranged on the machining axis in a modular manner. For example, when the numerical control machining center performs pin milling, the welding head module is not installed on the machining shaft; when friction stir welding is performed subsequently, the welding head of the present invention can be modularized and automatically clamped and exchanged to achieve The function of automatic mold change for friction stir welding.

1: Rotate the spindle 2: Spindle frame 10: Ball bearing bushing 20: Ball bearing 30: Piston Spring 40: Piston 50: The first guide post 60: The first linear bearing 70: Second guide post 80: Second linear bearing 90: Linear bearing retaining ring 91: The first bearing hole 92: Second bearing hole 93: Piston Perforation 95: Second cooling channel 100: Guide post retaining ring 110: The first heat insulation ring 115: Second thermal insulation ring 120: Fluid parameter sensor 200: Headset 210: Head seat 211: Upper head seat 212: The lower part of the head seat 220: Head seat flange 230: Piston fixed disc 300: Static shaft shoulder assembly 301: Knife hole 302: Shoulder 303: Gas Nozzle Disc 304: Gas Nozzle 310: Retraction ring 320: Static shaft shoulder ring 400: Friction stir welding handle 410: Knife handle cone 411: Tie rod bolt 412: Spline Sliding Section 413: Bushing accommodating section 414: First key slot 415: Cone runner 416: Valve 420: Torque Transmission System 421: Spline Bushing 4211: Bushing outer surface 4212: Bushing key slot 422: First Parallel Key 423: Spline shaft 4231: Spline head end 4232: Spline end 4233: Spline key slot 424: Spring seat 4241: Second key slot 425: Second Parallel Key 426: Tool locking ring 4261: Tool accommodating slot 427: First cooling runner 430: Knife handle spring 440: Knives 450: valve body

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present invention from another angle.

Fig. 3 is an exploded view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present invention, mainly showing the torque transmission system.

FIG. 4 is another exploded view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding head of the present invention, mainly showing the static shaft shoulder system.

FIG. 5 is another exploded view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding head of the present invention, mainly showing the piston, the first guide post and the second guide post, and the friction stir welding tool handle and some components are omitted and not shown.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present invention from another angle.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the welding process of an embodiment of the friction stir welded joint of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tool retracting process of an embodiment of the friction stir welded joint of the present invention.

110: The first heat insulation ring

115: Second thermal insulation ring

200: Headset

300: Static shaft shoulder assembly

301: Knife hole

302: Shoulder

303: Gas Nozzle Disc

304: Gas Nozzle

310: Retraction ring

320: Static shaft shoulder ring

400: Friction stir welding handle

Claims (5)

A friction stir welding head with a static shaft shoulder system is provided for being installed on a machining shaft of a machine tool and used for friction stir welding two workpieces. The machining shaft has a rotating spindle and a spindle frame for accommodating the rotating spindle, and the friction stir welding head includes: a head-seat group for being fixedly connected to the main shaft frame, the head-seat group has a head-seat accommodating cavity; a friction stir welding tool handle, which is accommodated in the head seat accommodating cavity and is connected to the rotating spindle, and the friction stir welding tool handle has a tool that is driven to rotate by the rotating spindle; A static shaft shoulder assembly is arranged on the side of the head seat group away from the main shaft frame, the static shaft shoulder assembly has a knife hole and a shaft shoulder surrounding the knife hole, and the shaft shoulder is used at least in the welding process pressed against the two workpieces, and the static shoulder assembly allows a part of the tool to be exposed from the tool hole at least during the feeding process and the welding process; Wherein, the friction stir welding tool handle forms a relative rotation relationship with the static shaft shoulder assembly during friction stir welding. The friction stir welding and joint having a static shaft shoulder system according to claim 1, wherein the static shaft shoulder assembly can be axially displaced relative to the friction stir welding tool handle and kept pressed against the two workpieces during the tool retracting process . The friction stir welding head with a static shoulder system as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the head seat set comprises a head seat and a head seat flange, the head seat is fixed on the main shaft frame, and the head seat flange is provided with At one end of the head seat away from the main shaft frame, the static shaft shoulder assembly is embedded in the head seat flange. The friction stir welding head with static shoulder system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, further comprising a ball bearing bush and at least one ball bearing, the ball bearing bush is arranged in the head seat accommodating cavity, and the ball bearing is arranged between the ball bearing bush and the friction stir welding handle. The friction stir welding joint with a static shoulder system according to claim 3, further comprising at least one first guide post and at least one first linear bearing, and the number of the first guide post and the first linear bearing is the same, The first guide post extends in the axial direction and passes through the first linear bearing, the first guide post is connected between the head seat and the head seat flange, and the first linear bearing is arranged on the ball bearing between the bushing and the head seat.

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