CN212217437U - Friction welding equipment - Google Patents
Friction welding equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN212217437U CN212217437U CN202021586430.3U CN202021586430U CN212217437U CN 212217437 U CN212217437 U CN 212217437U CN 202021586430 U CN202021586430 U CN 202021586430U CN 212217437 U CN212217437 U CN 212217437U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the welding technique and specifically relates to a friction welding equipment, including the welding machine frame, rotate in the welding machine frame and be connected with a horizontally main shaft, be provided with rotatory chuck in the one end of main shaft, be provided with the slide rail in the welding machine frame of rotatory chuck one side, be provided with the carriage on the slide rail, be provided with the removal chuck on the carriage, be provided with the upset hydro-cylinder in the welding machine frame of the slide rail one side of keeping away from rotatory chuck. The utility model provides a friction welding equipment and welding method, it can effectively guarantee the straightness that hangs down between two work pieces in the welding process, and machining efficiency is high, environmental protection and energy saving.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the welding technique and specifically relates to a friction welding equipment.
Background
In the prior art, the push rod and the push rod disc on the brake chamber, and the release disc and the release seat are welded by argon arc welding and the like, but the perpendicularity requirements between the push rod and the push rod disc, between the release disc and the release seat are higher, so that the conditions of uneven local stress, uneven welding materials and the like are easily caused in the welding process, the perpendicularity is influenced, and the welding quality and the stability of subsequent use of a product are finally influenced. In addition, the welding mode needs to adopt inert gas protection and the like in the welding process, waste gas is generated, and meanwhile, the welding cost is high and the efficiency is low.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at solving the not enough of above-mentioned technique and providing a friction welding equipment, can promote welding efficiency and precision between push rod dish, push rod or release dish, the release seat.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model relates to a friction welding device, including the welding machine frame, a horizontal main shaft is connected with rotating on the welding machine frame, one end at the main shaft is provided with the rotary chuck, be provided with the driven wheel at the main shaft other end, be provided with the motor on the welding machine frame, the action wheel on the output shaft of motor is connected with the transmission between the driven wheel, be provided with the slide rail in the welding machine frame of rotary chuck one side, be provided with the carriage on the slide rail, be provided with the removal chuck on the carriage, the slip direction of slide rail on the slide rail is unanimous with the axial of main shaft, be provided with the upset hydro-cylinder in the welding machine frame of slide rail one side far away from the rotary chuck, the; the hydraulic station is respectively connected with the rotary chuck, the movable chuck and the upsetting oil cylinder through pipelines, the controller controls the motor and the hydraulic station to act, and the hydraulic oil cooler cools hydraulic oil in the hydraulic station.
Above-mentioned technical scheme, wherein the chuck that forms such as three-jaw or four-jaw that the spin chuck pressed from both sides tightly is carried out for utilizing hydraulic pressure on the current processing machine tool, the utility model discloses in adopt the spin chuck of four arc indent structures formation disc indent, disc indent region is used for centre gripping push rod dish or release dish, then with push rod or release seat centre gripping on moving the chuck, the centre axis coincidence of the central axis of push rod or release seat of centre gripping on moving the chuck and main shaft, and the required welding point of work piece in the spin chuck is located the central axial direction of main shaft, of course, this welding point can also can not be at its center for spin chuck's center. In the welding process, the motor drives the main shaft to rotate, so that the rotary chuck and the workpiece rotate, the upsetting oil cylinder pushes the sliding frame to move towards one side of the rotary chuck, and the workpiece on the movable chuck is in contact extrusion with the workpiece on the rotary chuck, and is welded together after being melted by relative rotation friction heat. Still adopt the hydraulic oil cooler in this scheme, because hydraulic oil is in the cyclic utilization in-process and seasonal temperature difference influence, the too high phenomenon of oil temperature appears, and the use of hydraulic oil cooler can continuously carry out circulative cooling to the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic pressure station, makes its temperature remain at a relatively invariable value throughout, can avoid the production of following phenomenon: 1. the viscosity of the hydraulic oil is reduced along with the rise of the temperature, the working performance of the whole hydraulic system of the equipment is affected, the hydraulic system is unstable, the machining size deviation is caused, system parts are damaged, a motor is burnt due to overheating, the service life of the equipment is shortened, the faults are frequent, and the like. The hydraulic oil cooler can adopt an external circulation industrial precision oil cooler to control the temperature of hydraulic oil, so that the temperature of the hydraulic oil is controlled, and the product quality and the temperature of equipment are more effectively guaranteed.
The structure of the movable chuck comprises a first fixed block and a second fixed block which are arranged on a sliding frame, a gap is formed between the first fixed block and the second fixed block, a fixed die is arranged on the first fixed block in the gap, an inner groove is arranged on the surface of the fixed die facing the second fixed block, a through hole is formed on the surface of the second fixed block facing the first fixed block towards the inner cavity, a movable die is arranged in the through hole in a sliding manner, a clamping oil cylinder is arranged on the second fixed block on the other side, the clamping oil cylinder pushes the movable die to move in the through hole, an inner groove is arranged on the movable die facing one side of the fixed die, the directions of the inner grooves on the movable die and the fixed die are consistent, and the inner grooves are matched with; and the clamping oil cylinder is connected with the hydraulic station. The structure can stably and efficiently clamp the push rod or the release seat, and the positioning is accurate.
A positioning frame is arranged on a sliding frame between a movable chuck and an upsetting oil cylinder, a threaded sleeve is arranged on the positioning frame, an ejecting block is connected in the threaded sleeve through threads, and the end part of a telescopic rod of the upsetting oil cylinder is connected with the positioning frame. The design of the structure can effectively limit the clamping position of the movable chuck on the push rod or the release seat, so that the exposed length of the push rod and the release seat on one side close to the rotary chuck is reasonable and stable, and the stability and the reliability in the subsequent welding process are ensured; and the melting length of the push rod and the release seat in the welding process can be determined more accurately, so that the machining and welding precision is improved.
The welding machine comprises a welding machine frame and a sliding rail, and is characterized in that a first sensor is arranged on the welding machine frame or the sliding rail, a second sensor is arranged on the sliding frame, the first sensor and the second sensor are matched to form a sensor assembly, the sensor assembly is connected with a controller, and the sensor assembly is used for limiting the moving distance of the sliding frame on the sliding rail to one side of a rotary chuck. The design of this structure, the distance that can the forward propelling movement of accurate control carriage to ensure the melting length in the welding process, promote welded accuracy.
An annular protective cover is arranged outside the rotary chuck, the protective cover is fixed on a frame of the welding machine, and the rotary chuck is located in the range of the protective cover. Due to the design of the protective cover, welding slag welded in the rotating process can be prevented from flying out to scald operators, so that the machining operation process is safer.
An air suction pipe is arranged on the welding machine frame on the side edge of the opening of the protective cover, and an air suction machine is arranged on the air suction pipe. The air suction pipe can suck the scorched smell and the like generated in the process of welding out of the workshop, thereby ensuring the good air of the workshop.
The specific working principle is as follows: under the action of constant or increasing pressure and torque, the relative motion between the push rod and the push rod disc/the release disc and the release seat generates friction heat and plastic deformation heat in the friction surface and the area near the friction surface, so that the temperature in the area near the friction surface is raised to a temperature range close to but generally lower than the melting point, the deformation resistance of the material is reduced, the plasticity is improved, the oxide film of the interface is broken, and under the action of top forging pressure, the plastic deformation and the flow are generated along with the material, and the welding is realized through the molecular diffusion and recrystallization of the interface.
Before welding, in a pair of workpieces to be welded, a push rod disc (release disc) is clamped on a rotating chuck and is called a rotating workpiece, and a push rod (release seat) is clamped on a moving chuck and is called a moving workpiece. During welding, the rotating workpiece starts to rotate at a high speed under the driving of the motor, the moving workpiece gradually approaches to the rotating workpiece under the action of axial force, and after the workpieces on two sides are contacted and pressed, a plurality of micro-protrusions on a friction interface are firstly bonded and sheared to generate friction heat. Along with the increase of the actual contact area, the friction torque is rapidly increased, the temperature at the friction interface is also increased, and the friction interface is gradually covered by a layer of high-temperature viscoplastic metal. At this time, the relative movement of the two side workpieces has actually occurred inside the layer of the viscoplastic metal, and the heat generating mechanism has been converted from the initial heat generation by friction to the heat generation by plastic deformation in the viscoplastic metal layer. Under the action of thermal activation, the viscoplastic metal of the layer is dynamically recrystallized, so that the deformation resistance is reduced, and the friction torque is gradually reduced after being increased to a certain degree (front peak torque). Along with the conduction of friction heat to workpieces on two sides, the temperature on two sides of a welding surface is gradually increased, and under the action of axial pressure, metal in a welding area generates radial plastic flow, so that flash is formed, and the axial shortening is gradually increased. Along with the extension of the friction time, the temperature of the friction interface and the friction torque are basically constant, the temperature distribution area is gradually widened, and the flash is gradually increased. At this stage, the friction pressure and the rotational speed are kept constant. When the temperature distribution and deformation of the friction welding zone reach a certain degree, the braking is started, the axial force is rapidly increased to the set upsetting pressure, the axial shortening amount is rapidly increased, the friction pressure is increased along with the reduction of the interface temperature, and the friction torque has a second peak value, namely, the post-peak torque. In the upsetting process and the pressure maintaining process after upsetting, metals at the welding area are firmly welded together through mutual diffusion and recrystallization, so that the whole welding process is completed.
A friction welding method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively clamping the workpiece in a rotating chuck and a moving chuck, and controlling the clamping force of the rotating chuck and the moving chuck on the workpiece to be kept at 25-40KN by a hydraulic station;
(2) the controller is operated to start the motor to drive the main shaft and the rotary chuck to rotate, and the rotating speed is 4000-; (3) the controller controls the hydraulic station to provide pressure for the upsetting oil cylinder, the upsetting oil cylinder drives the sliding frame and the movable chuck to move towards the rotary chuck, and the pressure of the upsetting oil cylinder is kept at 20-30 KN;
(4) when the workpiece on the rotary chuck is contacted with the workpiece on the movable chuck, starting friction heating, and when the friction deformation between the two workpieces reaches 2-2.5mm, stopping the rotation of the motor;
(5) when the rotary chuck is static, the hydraulic station controls the rotary chuck to loosen the workpiece, the upsetting oil cylinder drives the sliding frame to retreat, and then the movable chuck is loosened and taken out of the workpiece.
In the welding process, the friction pressure between the two workpieces is 20-40 KN.
The utility model provides a friction welding equipment, it can effectively guarantee the straightness that hangs down between two work pieces in the welding process, and machining efficiency is high, environmental protection and energy saving.
Simultaneously, the method also has the following advantages:
1. the quality of the welding joint is high and stable. Basically, the yield can reach 100%, and the joint strength generally exceeds that of the parent metal. This is because the weld surface is subjected to the upsetting action of the axial force all the time in the solid phase state throughout the friction welding. In addition, because the mutual friction of the welding surfaces is used as a heat source, the whole surface is heated at the same time, the welding time is extremely short, and the heat affected zone is small; meanwhile, the common defects of cracks, air holes, slag inclusion, incomplete fusion and the like in fusion welding can be completely avoided, and uniform joint quality is obtained.
2. Has wider weldability. It can be used for welding the same metal material, and is especially suitable for welding different metals with different properties. When a certain dissimilar metal is subjected to ordinary fusion welding or flash butt welding, welding cannot be performed or it is difficult to obtain a good quality joint due to the formation of brittle compounds between metals in the joint. When friction welding is employed, the welding temperature can be selected and controlled in a wide range, and the welding time is short, so that the generation of intermetallic brittle compounds can be relatively easily prevented or greatly reduced, thereby obtaining a good welded joint. Therefore, in the application, the material of the push rod is 35# steel, and the material of the push rod disc is SPHC; both the release disc and the release seat are SPHC.
3. The dimensional accuracy and the geometric accuracy of the weldment are high. The friction welder actually behaves as a lathe with a pressing mechanism, which is not difficult to make with sufficient precision and rigidity in terms of the design and manufacturing techniques of modern machine tools. In addition, by adopting a proper control method, the length error of the welded part after welding can be smaller than +/-0.2 mm, and the eccentricity can be within 0.2 mm.
4. The manufacturing cost is reduced. During friction welding, the welding allowance of a weldment is small, the assembly requirement of a welded junction is not high, the welding power is small, and electric energy is saved.
5. The labor condition is good. No spark, arc, harmful gas, vibration, noise, etc.
6. The friction welding is easy to realize full automation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the movable chuck according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described by the following embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the friction welding apparatus described in this embodiment includes a welding machine frame 1, a horizontal main shaft 2 is rotatably connected to the welding machine frame 1, a rotary chuck 3 is disposed at one end of the main shaft 2, a driven wheel 6 is disposed at the other end of the main shaft 2, a motor 7 is disposed on the welding machine frame 1, a driving wheel 8 on an output shaft of the motor 7 is in transmission connection with the driven wheel 6, a slide rail 15 is disposed on the welding machine frame 1 on one side of the rotary chuck 3, a sliding frame 16 is disposed on the slide rail 15, a movable chuck 4 is disposed on the sliding frame 16, a sliding direction of the sliding frame 16 on the slide rail 15 is consistent with an axial direction of the main shaft 2, an upsetting cylinder 5 is disposed on the welding machine frame 1 on one side of the slide rail 15 away from the rotary chuck 3, and the upsetting cylinder; the hydraulic station 9 is respectively connected with the rotary chuck 3, the movable chuck 4 and the upsetting oil cylinder 5 through pipelines, the controller 11 controls the motor 7 and the hydraulic station 9 to act, and the hydraulic oil cooler 10 cools hydraulic oil in the hydraulic station 9.
As shown in fig. 2, the structure of the movable chuck 4 includes a first fixed block and a second fixed block which are arranged on the sliding frame 16, a gap exists between the first fixed block and the second fixed block, a fixed block is arranged on the first fixed block in the gap, an inner groove is arranged on the surface of the fixed block facing the second fixed block, a through hole is formed on the surface of the second fixed block facing the first fixed block to the inner cavity, a movable die is arranged in the through hole in a sliding manner, a clamping oil cylinder is arranged on the second fixed block on the other side, the clamping oil cylinder pushes the movable die to move in the through hole, an inner groove is arranged on the movable die facing the fixed die, the directions of the inner grooves on the movable die and the fixed die are consistent, and the inner grooves are matched with each other; the clamping cylinder is connected with a hydraulic station 9.
A positioning frame 17 is arranged on a sliding frame 16 between the movable chuck 4 and the upsetting oil cylinder 5, a threaded sleeve 18 is arranged on the positioning frame 17, an ejecting block 19 is connected in the threaded sleeve 18 through threads, and the end part of a telescopic rod of the upsetting oil cylinder 5 is connected with the positioning frame 17.
A first sensor 20 is arranged on the welding machine frame 1 or the slide rail 15, a second sensor 21 is arranged on the slide frame 16, the first sensor 20 and the second sensor 21 are matched to form a sensor assembly, the sensor assembly is connected with the controller 11, and the sensor assembly is used for limiting the moving distance of the slide frame 16 on the slide rail 15 to one side of the rotary chuck 3. Wherein the second sensor 21 can be arranged on the carriage 16 by means of a threaded spindle in order to achieve a rational adjustment of the position of the second sensor 21.
An annular protective cover 12 is arranged outside the rotary chuck 3, the protective cover 12 is fixed on the welding machine frame 1, and the rotary chuck 3 is located in the range of the protective cover 12. An air suction pipe 13 is arranged on the welding machine frame 1 on the side of the opening of the protective cover 12, and an air suction fan 14 is arranged on the air suction pipe 13.
Example 2:
the friction welding method described in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
(1) respectively clamping a workpiece in a rotating chuck and a moving chuck, wherein the workpiece clamped in the rotating chuck is a push rod disc or a release disc, the workpiece clamped in the moving chuck is a push rod or a release seat, and a hydraulic station controls the clamping force of the rotating chuck and the moving chuck on the workpiece to be kept at 25 KN;
(2) operating the controller to start the motor to drive the main shaft and the rotating chuck to rotate at 4000 revolutions per minute; (3) the controller controls the hydraulic station to provide pressure for the upsetting oil cylinder, the upsetting oil cylinder drives the sliding frame and the movable chuck to move towards the rotary chuck, and the pressure of the upsetting oil cylinder is kept at 20 KN;
(4) when the workpiece on the rotary chuck is in contact with the workpiece on the movable chuck, starting friction heating, and when the friction deformation between the two workpieces reaches 2mm, stopping the rotation of the motor;
(5) when the rotary chuck is static, the hydraulic station controls the rotary chuck to loosen the workpiece, the upsetting oil cylinder drives the sliding frame to retreat, and then the movable chuck is loosened and taken out of the workpiece.
Example 3:
the friction welding method described in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
(1) respectively clamping a workpiece in a rotating chuck and a moving chuck, wherein the workpiece clamped in the rotating chuck is a push rod disc or a release disc, the workpiece clamped in the moving chuck is a push rod or a release seat, and a hydraulic station controls the clamping force of the rotating chuck and the moving chuck on the workpiece to be kept at 40 KN;
(2) the controller is operated to start the motor to drive the main shaft and the rotary chuck to rotate, and the rotating speed of the motor is 5000 revolutions per minute; (3) the controller controls the hydraulic station to provide pressure for the upsetting oil cylinder, the upsetting oil cylinder drives the sliding frame and the movable chuck to move towards the rotary chuck, and the pressure of the upsetting oil cylinder is kept at 30 KN;
(4) when the workpiece on the rotary chuck is in contact with the workpiece on the movable chuck, starting friction heating, and when the friction deformation between the two workpieces reaches 2.5mm, stopping the rotation of the motor;
(5) when the rotary chuck is static, the hydraulic station controls the rotary chuck to loosen the workpiece, the upsetting oil cylinder drives the sliding frame to retreat, and then the movable chuck is loosened and taken out of the workpiece.
Example 4:
the friction welding method described in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:
(1) respectively clamping a workpiece in a rotating chuck and a moving chuck, wherein the workpiece clamped in the rotating chuck is a push rod disc or a release disc, the workpiece clamped in the moving chuck is a push rod or a release seat, and a hydraulic station controls the clamping force of the rotating chuck and the moving chuck on the workpiece to be kept at 32 KN;
(2) the controller is operated to start the motor to drive the main shaft and the rotary chuck to rotate, and the rotating speed is 4500 rpm; (3) the controller controls the hydraulic station to provide pressure for the upsetting oil cylinder, the upsetting oil cylinder drives the sliding frame and the movable chuck to move towards the rotary chuck, and the pressure of the upsetting oil cylinder is kept at 28 KN;
(4) when the workpiece on the rotary chuck is in contact with the workpiece on the movable chuck, starting friction heating, and when the friction deformation between the two workpieces reaches 2.3mm, stopping the rotation of the motor;
(5) when the rotary chuck is static, the hydraulic station controls the rotary chuck to loosen the workpiece, the upsetting oil cylinder drives the sliding frame to retreat, and then the movable chuck is loosened and taken out of the workpiece.
In the destructive test of the connecting pieces of the push rod and the push rod disc and the connecting pieces of the release disc and the release seat welded in the above embodiments 2, 3 and 4, the strength of the welding positions is greater than that of the materials.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a friction welding equipment, includes the welding machine frame, characterized by: a horizontal main shaft is rotatably connected to a welding machine frame, a rotary chuck is arranged at one end of the main shaft, a driven wheel is arranged at the other end of the main shaft, a motor is arranged on the welding machine frame, a driving wheel on an output shaft of the motor is in transmission connection with the driven wheel, a sliding rail is arranged on the welding machine frame on one side of the rotary chuck, a sliding frame is arranged on the sliding rail, a movable chuck is arranged on the sliding frame, the sliding direction of the sliding frame on the sliding rail is consistent with the axial direction of the main shaft, an upsetting oil cylinder is arranged on the welding machine frame on one side of the sliding rail far away from the rotary chuck, and the; the hydraulic station is respectively connected with the rotary chuck, the movable chuck and the upsetting oil cylinder through pipelines, the controller controls the motor and the hydraulic station to act, and the hydraulic oil cooler cools hydraulic oil in the hydraulic station.
2. A friction welding apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein: the structure of the movable chuck comprises a first fixed block and a second fixed block which are arranged on a sliding frame, a gap is formed between the first fixed block and the second fixed block, a fixed die is arranged on the first fixed block in the gap, an inner groove is arranged on the surface of the fixed die facing the second fixed block, a through hole is formed on the surface of the second fixed block facing the first fixed block towards the inner cavity, a movable die is arranged in the through hole in a sliding manner, a clamping oil cylinder is arranged on the second fixed block on the other side, the clamping oil cylinder pushes the movable die to move in the through hole, an inner groove is arranged on the movable die facing one side of the fixed die, the directions of the inner grooves on the movable die and the fixed die are consistent, and the inner grooves are matched with; and the clamping oil cylinder is connected with the hydraulic station.
3. A friction welding apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: a positioning frame is arranged on a sliding frame between a movable chuck and an upsetting oil cylinder, a threaded sleeve is arranged on the positioning frame, an ejecting block is connected in the threaded sleeve through threads, and the end part of a telescopic rod of the upsetting oil cylinder is connected with the positioning frame.
4. A friction welding apparatus as defined in claim 3 wherein: the welding machine comprises a welding machine frame and a sliding rail, and is characterized in that a first sensor is arranged on the welding machine frame or the sliding rail, a second sensor is arranged on the sliding frame, the first sensor and the second sensor are matched to form a sensor assembly, the sensor assembly is connected with a controller, and the sensor assembly is used for limiting the moving distance of the sliding frame on the sliding rail to one side of a rotary chuck.
5. A friction welding apparatus as set forth in claim 4 wherein: an annular protective cover is arranged outside the rotary chuck, the protective cover is fixed on a frame of the welding machine, and the rotary chuck is located in the range of the protective cover.
6. A friction welding apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein: an air suction pipe is arranged on the welding machine frame on the side edge of the opening of the protective cover, and an air suction machine is arranged on the air suction pipe.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021586430.3U CN212217437U (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Friction welding equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021586430.3U CN212217437U (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Friction welding equipment |
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| CN212217437U true CN212217437U (en) | 2020-12-25 |
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| CN202021586430.3U Active CN212217437U (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Friction welding equipment |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111745290A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-09 | 桐乡辰宇机械有限公司 | Friction welding equipment and welding method |
| CN114346405A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-15 | 清华大学 | Friction welding device for rotary steel rail of intermediate piece |
-
2020
- 2020-08-04 CN CN202021586430.3U patent/CN212217437U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111745290A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-10-09 | 桐乡辰宇机械有限公司 | Friction welding equipment and welding method |
| CN114346405A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-04-15 | 清华大学 | Friction welding device for rotary steel rail of intermediate piece |
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