TWI761949B - Friction stir welding adapter and tool holder having a spindle torque transmission system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a friction stir welding adapter having a spindle torque transmission system, which includes a friction stir welding tool holder connected to rotating spindle. The tool holder is provided with a tool holder cone, a spline bushing, a first parallel key, a spline shaft, a spring seat, a second parallel key and a tool locking ring to transmit the torque to a pin while allowing the pin to be axially movable relative to the tool holder cone. The invention also discloses a friction stir welding tool holder having the spindle torque transmission system.

Description

Friction stir welding head and welding tool holder with spindle torque transmission system

The invention relates to a friction stir welding head and a welding tool handle with a main shaft torque transmission system.

The friction stir welding technology converts the mechanical kinetic energy of the tool head into thermal energy by rubbing the tool head between the two workpieces, so that the friction part of the two workpieces is plastically deformed due to heat, so that the two workpieces are achieved by material stirring. combined purpose.

During friction stir welding, if the surfaces of the two workpieces are not flat, it may cause a huge change or disappearance of the upsetting force, resulting in defective products. How to make the tool follow the surface of the workpiece as much as possible, and at the same time have a good torque load, it is really important. considered by those skilled in the art.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a friction stir welding head/welding tool holder which allows a slight axial displacement of the tool and has good torsional load during friction stir welding.

In order to achieve the above and other objects, the present invention provides a friction stir welding head with a main shaft torque transmission system, which is provided for a machining shaft of a machine tool, the machining shaft has a rotating main shaft and a accommodating rotating main shaft. Spindle frame, the friction stir welding head includes a head seat group and a friction stir welding tool handle, the head seat group is fixed on the spindle frame and has a head seat accommodating cavity, and the friction stir welding tool handle is accommodated in the head seat accommodating cavity and supplies Attached to the rotating spindle, the friction stir welding tool holder consists of: A knife handle cone, one end of which is connected to the rotating spindle, and the other end is formed with a cone accommodating cavity, the cone accommodating cavity has a spline sliding section and a bushing adjacent to the spline sliding section an accommodating section and a first keying groove formed in the lining accommodating section; a spline lining, accommodating in the lining accommodating section, the spline lining has a lining outer surface and a A bushing keying groove on the outer surface of the bushing; a first parallel key, keyed between the handle cone and the spline bushing and accommodated in the first keying groove and the bushing keying The groove is used to transmit the torque between the handle cone and the spline bushing; a spline shaft can be axially slidably threaded through and keyed to the spline bushing, and the spline shaft has a spline head end and a spline tail end that can slide axially on the spline sliding section, the spline tail end is not accommodated in the spline bushing and forms a spline key groove; a spring seat with a spring seat accommodating cavity and a second keying groove formed in the spring seat accommodating cavity, the spring seat accommodating cavity is used for accommodating a part of the spline shaft; a first Two parallel keys are keyed between the spline shaft and the spring seat and are accommodated in the spline key groove and the second key groove for connecting the spline shaft and the spring seat between the spline shaft and the spring seat. a tool locking ring, fixed on the spring seat and having a tool accommodating groove; and a tool, disposed in the tool accommodating groove and having a machining end protruding from the tool accommodating groove; wherein , the spline shaft center, the spring seat, the tool locking ring and the tool can be axially displaced relative to the tool handle cone.

In order to achieve the above and other objects, the present invention also provides a The friction stir welding tool handle of the force transmission system is a rotating spindle for connecting to a machining shaft of a machine tool. The friction stir welding tool handle includes: a tool handle cone, one end of which is connected to the rotating spindle, and the other end forms a There is a cone accommodating cavity, the cone accommodating cavity has a spline sliding section, a bushing accommodating section adjacent to the spline sliding section, and a first key connection formed in the bushing accommodating section a groove; a spline bushing, accommodated in the bushing accommodating section, the spline bushing has a bushing outer surface and a bushing keying groove formed on the outer surface of the bushing; a first parallel key , keyed between the handle cone and the spline bushing and accommodated in the first keying groove and the bushing keying groove for transmission between the handle cone and the spline bushing Torsional force; a spline shaft center, axially slidable through and keyed to the spline bushing, the spline shaft center has a spline head end that can slide axially on the spline sliding section and a spline end, the spline end is not accommodated in the spline bush and forms a spline key slot; a spring seat has a spring seat accommodating cavity and a spring seat formed in the spring seat The second key groove of the accommodating cavity, the spring seat accommodating cavity is used for accommodating a part of the spline shaft; a second parallel key is keyed between the spline shaft and the spring seat and accommodated in the spline keying groove and the second keying groove for transmitting torque between the spline shaft and the spring seat; a tool locking ring is fixed on the spring seat and has a a tool accommodating groove; and a tool, disposed in the tool accommodating groove and having a machining end protruding from the tool accommodating groove; wherein, the spline shaft center, the spring seat, the tool locking ring and the The tool can be displaced axially relative to the handle cone.

In this way, since the axial displacement is allowed between the tool and the cone of the tool holder, when the workpiece surface is not flat, the tool will be able to better follow the workpiece surface, and the torque transmission system used The system can load a large torsion force, and can be applied to the joining technology of various metals and alloys.

1: Rotate the spindle

2: Spindle frame

10: Ball bearing bushing

20: Ball bearing

30: Piston Spring

40: Piston

50: The first guide post

60: The first linear bearing

70: Second guide post

80: Second linear bearing

90: Linear bearing retaining ring

91: The first bearing hole

92: Second bearing hole

93: Piston Perforation

95: Second cooling channel

100: Guide post retaining ring

110: The first heat insulation ring

115: Second thermal insulation ring

120: Fluid parameter sensor

200: Headset

210: Head seat

211: Upper head seat

212: The lower part of the head seat

220: Head seat flange

230: Piston fixed disc

300: Static shaft shoulder assembly

301: Knife hole

302: Shoulder

303: Gas Nozzle Disc

304: Gas Nozzle

310: Retraction ring

320: Static shaft shoulder ring

400: Friction stir welding handle

410: Knife handle cone

411: Tie rod bolt

412: Spline Sliding Section

413: Bushing accommodating section

414: First key slot

415: Cone runner

416: Valve

420: Torque Transmission System

421: Spline Bushing

4211: Bushing outer surface

4212: Bushing key slot

422: First Parallel Key

423: Spline shaft

4231: Spline head end

4232: Spline end

4233: Spline key slot

424: Spring seat

4241: Second key slot

425: Second Parallel Key

426: Tool locking ring

4261: Tool accommodating slot

427: First cooling runner

430: Knife handle spring

440: Knives

450: valve body

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present invention from another angle.

Fig. 3 is an exploded view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present invention, mainly showing the torque transmission system.

FIG. 4 is another exploded view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding head of the present invention, mainly showing the static shaft shoulder system.

FIG. 5 is another exploded view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding head of the present invention, mainly showing the piston, the first guide post and the second guide post, and the friction stir welding tool handle and some components are omitted and not shown.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the friction stir welding joint of the present invention from another angle.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the welding process of an embodiment of the friction stir welded joint of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tool retracting process of an embodiment of the friction stir welded joint of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding tool handle of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is an exploded view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding tool handle of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the friction stir welding tool handle of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a cross-section of the welding process of one embodiment of the friction stir welding knife handle of the present invention face diagram.

Please refer to FIGS. 1 to 9, which are one embodiment of the friction stir welding head (hereinafter referred to as the welding head) of the present invention. The welding head can be installed on the machining shaft of the machine tool to perform friction stir welding on two workpieces. The machining shaft has a rotating spindle 1 and a spindle frame 2 for accommodating the rotating spindle 1. The welding head includes a head seat group 200, a Static shaft shoulder assembly 300, one friction stir welding handle 400 (hereinafter referred to as welding handle), one ball bearing bush 10, at least one ball bearing 20, at least one piston spring 30, at least one piston 40, at least one first guide post 50. At least one first linear bearing 60, at least one second guide post 70, at least one second linear bearing 80, a linear bearing fixing ring 90, a guide post fixing ring 100, a first heat insulation ring 110, a The second thermal insulation ring 115 and a fluid parameter sensor 120 .

The head seat group 200 is for fixing on the main shaft frame 2, and a head seat accommodating cavity is enclosed inside the head seat group 200. The head seat group 200 includes a head seat 210, a head seat flange 220 and a piston fixing plate 230. The head seat 210 is used for fixing Connected to the spindle frame 2 , the head seat flange 220 is disposed at one end of the head seat 210 away from the spindle frame 2 . For the convenience of assembly, the head base 210 can be further divided into an upper head base 211 and a lower head base 212. The upper head base 211 is provided with oil pressure pipelines and cooling pipelines, and the lower head base 212 roughly defines the head base accommodating cavity side profile.

The static shaft shoulder assembly 300 is disposed on the side of the head seat group 200 away from the main shaft frame 2 in a relatively axially displaceable manner. More specifically, the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 is embedded in the head seat flange in a relatively axially displaceable manner 220, the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 has a knife hole 301, a shaft shoulder 302 surrounding the knife hole 301, a gas nozzle disk 303 surrounding the shaft shoulder 302, and at least one gas nozzle 304 formed in the gas nozzle disk 303, wherein the shaft shoulder 302 is more protruding than the gas nozzle plate 303 and can press against the workpiece during friction stir welding. More specifically, the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 includes a tool retraction pressure ring 310 and a static shaft shoulder ring 320. The tool retraction pressure ring 310 is disposed on the side of the head seat group 200 away from the main shaft frame 2, and the static shaft shoulder ring 320 is connected to the retracting pressure ring 310 but not in direct contact with the head seat group 200, The knife hole 301 , the shoulder 302 , the gas nozzle plate 303 and the gas nozzle 304 are formed on the stationary shoulder ring 320 .

The welding handle 400 is accommodated in the head seat accommodating cavity and is connected to the rotating spindle 1 . One end of the handle cone 410 is connected to the rotating spindle 1 and is provided with a pull rod bolt 411, the handle cone 410 has a cone accommodating cavity, and the cone accommodating cavity has a spline sliding section 412, an adjacent spline sliding section 412 The bushing accommodating section 413 of the connecting section 412 and a first keying groove 414 formed in the bushing accommodating section 413; for the purposes of cooling and tool handle control, a cone flow channel 415 is also formed in the tool handle cone 410, The cone runner 415 has a valve 416, and the cone runner 415 can be introduced into a gas flow during friction stir welding. The torque transmission system 420 includes a spline bushing 421 , a first parallel key 422 , a spline shaft 423 , a spring seat 424 , a second parallel key 425 and a tool locking ring 426 . The spline bushing 421 is accommodated in the bushing accommodating section 413 . The spline bushing 421 has a bushing outer surface 4211 and a bushing keying groove 4212 formed on the bushing outer surface 4211 . The first parallel key 422 is keyed between the handle cone 410 and the spline bushing 421 and is accommodated in the first keying groove 414 and the bushing keying groove 4212 for connecting the handle cone 410 and the spline bushing Torque is transmitted between the sleeves 421 . The spline shaft 423 is axially slidable and is keyed to the spline bushing 421 . The spline shaft 423 has a spline head end 4231 that can slide axially on the spline slidable section 412 and a spline head end 4231 . The spline end 4232 is not accommodated in the spline bush 421 and has a spline connection groove 4233 formed thereon. The spring seat 424 has a spring seat accommodating cavity and a second keying groove 4241 formed in the spring seat accommodating cavity. The spring seat accommodating cavity is used for accommodating a part of the spline shaft 423 . The second parallel key 425 is keyed between the spline shaft 423 and the spring seat 424 and is accommodated in the spline key groove 4233 and the second key groove 4241 for connecting the spline shaft 423 and the spring seat 424 transfer torque. The tool locking ring 426 is fixed on the spring seat 424 and has a tool accommodating groove 4261 . A first cooling channel 427 is also formed in the torque transmission system 420 , the first cooling channel 427 extends through the spline shaft 423 , the spring seat 424 and the tool locking ring 426 , and the gas nozzle 304 of the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 communicated with the first cooling channel 427. The handle spring 430 is disposed between the handle cone 410 and the spring seat 424, and is mainly used to provide the forge force required for friction stir welding. The cutter 440 is disposed in the cutter accommodating groove 4261 and has a machining end protruding from the cutter accommodating groove 4261 , and a part of the cutter 440 can protrude from the cutter hole 301 of the stationary shaft shoulder assembly 300 . Through the torque transmission system 420 , the torque can be transmitted from the handle cone 410 to the cutter 440 , while allowing the spline shaft 423 , the spring seat 424 , the cutter locking ring 426 and the cutter 440 to be axially displaced relative to the handle cone 410 .

The valve body 450 is arranged on the spline shaft 423 to be linked with the cutter 440 and selectively seals the valve 416; when the valve body 450 closes the valve 416, the cone flow channel 415 cannot communicate with the first cooling flow channel 427; When the valve 416 is not closed by the body 450, the conical flow channel 415 is communicated with the first cooling flow channel 427, so that the gas flow can flow through the conical flow channel 415, the first cooling flow channel 427 and ejected from the gas nozzle 304 in sequence. , the fluid parameter sensor 120 is used to sense the change of the fluid parameter of the gas flow in the flow channel, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling and control of the tool handle. The detailed principle will be described later. The fluid parameter sensor 120 can be located anywhere that can sense the fluid parameters of the gas flow, for example, it can be located in the cone flow channel, the first cooling flow channel, or even in the inner gas flow channel of the machining shaft upstream of the cone flow channel , as long as a change in a fluid parameter of the gas flow can be sensed, and the fluid parameter may be air pressure and/or flow rate.

The ball bearing bushing 10 is arranged in the accommodating cavity of the head seat, and the ball bearing 20 is arranged between the ball bearing bushing 10 and the welding tool handle 400 to transmit force therebetween. More specifically, a ball bearing accommodating cavity is formed between the ball bearing bushing 10 and the spring seat 424 , and the ball bearing 20 is arranged in the ball bearing accommodating cavity for transmission between the ball bearing bushing 10 and the spring seat 424 The force, such as the axial upset force generated by the compression of the handle spring 430, is transmitted.

The piston 40 is arranged between the head seat group 200 and the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 , and the length of the piston 40 in the axial direction of the welding tool handle 400 is variable, thereby allowing the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 to be axially positioned relative to the welding tool handle 400 move and allow the shoulder 302 to press against the workpiece. More specifically, one end of the piston 40 is set on the piston fixing plate 230 and is connected with the hydraulic pipeline of the upper part of the head seat 211 , and the axial length is changed by hydraulic driving, and the other end of the piston 40 is set on the retracting pressure ring 310 .

The number of the first guide post 50 is the same as that of the first linear bearing 60 . The first guide post 50 extends in the axial direction and passes through the first linear bearing 60 . The first guide post 50 is connected to the head seat 210 and the head seat method. Between the flanges 220 , during friction stir welding, the force borne by the welding head is transmitted to the spindle frame 2 through the head seat 210 .

The number of the second guide post 70 is the same as that of the second linear bearing 80 . The second guide post 70 extends in the axial direction and passes through the second linear bearing 80 . The second guide post 70 is connected to the guide post fixing ring 100 and the static shaft shoulder. Between the assemblies 300, the arrangement of the second guide post 70 and the second linear bearing 80 can allow the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 to be displaced smoothly in the axial direction, and the guide post fixing ring 100 can be used to locate the second guide post, and secondly. It can be used to limit the stroke of 300 axial displacement of the static shaft shoulder assembly, and has the function of stroke limit protection.

The linear bearing fixing ring 90 has at least one first bearing hole 91 , at least one second bearing hole 92 and a piston hole 93 . The linear bearing fixing ring 90 is fixed on the periphery of the ball bearing bush 10 for positioning the first and second linear bearings. Bearings 60, 80 and transmit force. The first linear bearing 60 is arranged in the first bearing hole 91 , the second linear bearing 80 is arranged in the second bearing hole 92 , and the piston 40 is inserted through the piston through hole 93 . The piston spring 30 is arranged between the piston 40 and the linear bearing fixing ring 90 to push the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 to the direction of the machining axis when the piston 40 is not working. Among them, the lateral force and lateral force on the tool during welding can be transmitted to the first and second linear bearings 60 and 80, and the first and second guide posts 50 and 70 through the ball bearing 20 and the ball bearing bushing 10. It is then transmitted to the main shaft frame 2 through the head base flange 220 and the head base 210, so as to protect the torque transmission system and avoid damage.

The first heat insulation ring 110 is arranged between the retracting pressure ring 310 and the static shaft shoulder ring 320, the second heat insulating ring 115 is arranged between the retracting pressure ring 310 and the ball bearing bushing 10, the first and second spacers are Conduction of thermal rings 110, 115 The thermal coefficient is lower than the thermal conductivity of the retracting pressure ring 310 , the static shaft shoulder ring 320 and the ball bearing bushing 10 , so as to reduce the transfer of heat energy to the inside of the welding head. The first and second heat insulation rings 110 and 115 can form a good heat insulation system to avoid overheating damage to the bearing-related components. Besides, there is a second cooling flow channel 95 between the linear bearing fixing ring 90 and the ball bearing bushing 10, that is, the second cooling flow channel 95 surrounds the outer periphery of the ball bearing bushing 10; that is, The first and second cooling channels form a cooling system, which can also be used to avoid overheating damage to bearing-related components.

In the above welding head there is a system of static shoulders. Since the static shaft shoulder assembly 300 will not be driven to rotate by the rotating spindle 1 during friction stir welding, during friction stir welding, the tool 440 rotates alone, and the shoulder 302 and the workpiece surface only slide relative to each other, thus reducing the amount of friction between the shoulder and the workpiece. Friction with workpiece surface, reducing heat input during friction stir welding.

There is a retraction system in the above welding head. Generally speaking, friction stir welding includes a feeding process, a welding process and a tool retracting process; during the feeding process and the welding process, the tool 440 can be exposed from the tool hole 301 of the stationary shaft shoulder ring 320 and begin to weld the workpiece. The piston spring 30 will pull up the retracting pressure ring 310 and use the second guide post 70 and the second linear bearing 80 to allow the static shaft shoulder ring 320 to not rotate but to slide up and down axially; in the retracting process, the machining axis starts Move away from the workpiece, and drive the tool 440 to start withdrawing from the workpiece. At this time, if the shoulder does not press against the workpiece, an exit hole will be formed at the position where the tool 440 exits the workpiece after the tool is withdrawn, and the exit hole needs to be repaired later. , or the part where the exit hole needs to be cut off. In the present invention, because the piston 40 is provided, during the tool retracting process, the piston 40 can be driven by hydraulic pressure to start working, so that the shoulder 302 of the static shoulder ring 320 keeps pressing against the workpiece when the tool 440 is retracted, and this action It can ensure that no exit hole is generated on the surface of the workpiece after the tool is retracted, thereby improving the quality of welding.

In the above welding head there is an upsetting force transmission system. During welding, the tip of the tool 440 will penetrate the workpiece, and the tool handle spring 430 will be compressed to provide the upsetting force required for welding, the upsetting force The size can be controlled by the amount of compression of the handle spring 430. Since the torque transmission system of the present invention allows the tool 440 to slide up and down axially, even if the workpiece surface is not flat, the tool 440 and the shaft shoulder 302 can follow the workpiece surface well, and since the upsetting force is controlled by the handle spring 430 Therefore, in the process of the tool following the workpiece surface, the elastic force of the handle spring 430 will only change slightly, without causing a huge change or disappearance of the upsetting force, thereby overcoming the problem of affecting the welding quality due to the uneven surface of the workpiece.

In the above welding head there is a gas valve switch system. The present invention has a valve body 450 that is linked with the cutter 440, so when the tip of the cutter 440 penetrates the workpiece and retracts axially, the valve body 450 leaves the original position and no longer closes the valve 416, and due to the relative relationship between the valve body 450 and the valve 416 When the position changes, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the valve 416 will correspondingly change, so that at least one of the first cooling flow channel, the cone flow channel, and even the flow channel upstream of the cone flow channel will change the fluid parameters. The fluid parameter sensor 120 can determine the position where the tip of the tool 440 pierces the workpiece according to the change of the sensed fluid parameter, and adjust the axial displacement of the machining shaft, so that the compression amount of the tool handle spring 430 can be controlled, thereby controlling Upset force required for welding. In addition, since the gas flow will be ejected from the gas nozzle 304 towards the workpiece, when the axial distance between the gas nozzle disc 303 and the workpiece changes during the welding process, the pressure loss of the gas flow through the gas nozzle 304 will also change , so that the fluid parameter change in the first cooling channel can be sensed by the fluid parameter sensor 120 , and this method can also allow the control system to judge the depth of the feed.

In addition, due to the integration of the above functions, the welding head of the present invention can be clamped and arranged on the machining axis in a modular manner. For example, when the numerical control machining center performs pin milling, the welding head module is not installed on the machining shaft; when friction stir welding is performed subsequently, the welding head of the present invention can be modularized and automatically clamped and exchanged to achieve The function of automatic mold change for friction stir welding.

Please refer to FIGS. 10 to 13, which are one embodiment of the welding tool handle of the present invention. The welding tool handle 400 can be installed on the machining shaft of the machine tool for friction stir welding of two workpieces. The machining axis has a rotating spindle 1 and a spindle frame 2 for accommodating the rotating spindle 1 .

The welding handle 400 is for connecting to the rotating spindle 1 , and has a handle cone 410 , a torque transmission system 420 , at least one handle spring 430 , a tool 440 , a valve body 450 and a fluid parameter sensor 120 . One end of the handle cone 410 is connected to the rotating spindle 1 and is provided with a pull rod bolt 411, the handle cone 410 has a cone accommodating cavity, and the cone accommodating cavity has a spline sliding section 412, an adjacent spline sliding section 412 The bushing accommodating section 413 of the connecting section 412 and a first keying groove 414 formed in the bushing accommodating section 413; for the purposes of cooling and tool handle control, a cone flow channel 415 is also formed in the tool handle cone 410, The cone runner 415 has a valve 416, and the cone runner 415 can be introduced into a gas flow during friction stir welding. The torque transmission system 420 includes a spline bushing 421 , a first parallel key 422 , a spline shaft 423 , a spring seat 424 , a second parallel key 425 and a tool locking ring 426 . The spline bushing 421 is accommodated in the bushing accommodating section 413 . The spline bushing 421 has a bushing outer surface 4211 and a bushing keying groove 4212 formed on the bushing outer surface 4211 . The first parallel key 422 is keyed between the handle cone 410 and the spline bushing 421 and is accommodated in the first keying groove 414 and the bushing keying groove 4212 for connecting the handle cone 410 and the spline bushing Torque is transmitted between the sleeves 421 . The spline shaft 423 is axially slidable and is keyed to the spline bushing 421 . The spline shaft 423 has a spline head end 4231 that can slide axially on the spline slidable section 412 and a spline head end 4231 . The spline end 4232 is not accommodated in the spline bush 421 and has a spline connection groove 4233 formed thereon. The spring seat 424 has a spring seat accommodating cavity and a second keying groove 4241 formed in the spring seat accommodating cavity. The spring seat accommodating cavity is used for accommodating a part of the spline shaft 423 . The second parallel key 425 is keyed between the spline shaft 423 and the spring seat 424 and is accommodated in the spline key groove 4233 and the second key groove 4241 for connecting the spline shaft 423 and the spring seat 424 transfer torque. The tool locking ring 426 is fixed on the spring seat 424 and has a knife hole 301, a knife accommodating groove 4261, a shaft shoulder 302 surrounding the knife hole 301, a gas nozzle plate 303 surrounding the shaft shoulder 302, and at least one formed in the gas Gas nozzles 304 of nozzle disk 303 . A first cooling system is also formed in the torque transmission system 420 The flow channel 427 and the first cooling flow channel 427 extend through the spline shaft 423 , the spring seat 424 and the tool locking ring 426 , and the gas nozzle 304 is communicated with the first cooling flow channel 427 . The handle spring 430 is disposed between the handle cone 410 and the spring seat 424, and is mainly used to provide the forge force required for friction stir welding. The cutter 440 is disposed in the cutter accommodating groove 4261 and has a machining end protruding from the cutter accommodating groove 4261 , and a part of the cutter 440 can protrude from the cutter hole 301 . Through the torque transmission system 420 , the torque can be transmitted from the handle cone 410 to the cutter 440 while allowing the axial displacement of the spline shaft 423 , the spring seat 424 , the cutter locking ring 426 and the cutter 440 relative to the handle cone 410 .

The valve body 450 is arranged on the spline shaft 423 to be linked with the cutter 440 and selectively seals the valve 416; when the valve body 450 closes the valve 416, the cone flow channel 415 cannot communicate with the first cooling flow channel 427; When the valve 416 is not closed by the body 450, the conical flow channel 415 is communicated with the first cooling flow channel 427, so that the gas flow can flow through the conical flow channel 415, the first cooling flow channel 427 and ejected from the gas nozzle 304 in sequence. , the fluid parameter sensor 120 is used to sense the change of the fluid parameter of the gas flow in the flow channel, so as to achieve the purpose of cooling and control of the tool handle. The detailed principle will be described later. The fluid parameter sensor 120 can be located anywhere that can sense the fluid parameters of the gas flow, for example, it can be located in the cone flow channel, the first cooling flow channel, or even in the inner gas flow channel of the machining shaft upstream of the cone flow channel , as long as changes in fluid parameters of the gas flow can be sensed.

There is an upsetting force transmission system in the above welding handle. During welding, the tip of the tool 440 will pierce the workpiece, and the tool handle spring 430 will be compressed to provide the upsetting force required for welding. Since the torque transmission system of the present invention allows the tool 440 to slide up and down axially, even if the workpiece surface is not flat, the tool 440 and the shaft shoulder 302 can follow the workpiece surface well, and since the upsetting force is controlled by the handle spring 430 Therefore, in the process of the tool following the workpiece surface, the elastic force of the handle spring 430 will only change slightly, without causing a huge change or disappearance of the upsetting force, thereby overcoming the problem of affecting the welding quality due to the uneven surface of the workpiece.

There is an air valve switch system in the above welding handle. The present invention has a valve body 450 that is linked with the cutter 440, so when the tip of the cutter 440 penetrates the workpiece and retracts axially, the valve body 450 leaves the original position and no longer closes the valve 416, and due to the relative relationship between the valve body 450 and the valve 416 When the position changes, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the valve 416 will correspondingly change, so that at least one of the first cooling flow channel, the cone flow channel, and even the flow channel upstream of the cone flow channel will change the fluid parameters. The fluid parameter sensor 120 can determine the position where the tip of the tool 440 pierces the workpiece according to the change of the sensed fluid parameter, and adjust the axial displacement of the machining shaft, so that the compression amount of the tool handle spring 430 can be controlled, thereby controlling Upset force required for welding. In addition, since the gas flow will be ejected from the gas nozzle 304 towards the workpiece, when the axial distance between the gas nozzle plate 303 and the workpiece changes during the welding process, the pressure and flow rate of the gas flow through the gas nozzle 304 will also be Therefore, the fluid parameter change in the first cooling channel can be sensed by the fluid parameter sensor 120 , and this method can also allow the control system to judge the depth of infeed.

In addition, due to the integration of the above multiple functions, the welding tool holder of the present invention can be clamped and arranged on the machining shaft in a modular manner. For example, when the numerical control machining center performs pin milling, the welding tool holder module is not installed on the machining shaft; when friction stir welding is performed subsequently, the welding tool holder of the present invention can be modularized and automatically clamped and exchanged to achieve The function of automatic mold change for friction stir welding.

110: The first heat insulation ring 115: Second thermal insulation ring 200: Headset 300: Static shaft shoulder assembly 301: Knife hole 302: Shoulder 303: Gas Nozzle Disc 304: Gas Nozzle 310: Retraction ring 320: Static shaft shoulder ring 400: Friction stir welding handle

Claims (9)

A friction stir welding head with a main shaft torque transmission system is provided for being installed on a machining shaft of a machine tool, the machining shaft has a rotating main shaft and a headstock for accommodating the rotating main shaft, and the friction stir welding head comprises: a head base set for being fixed on the main shaft frame, the head base set has a head base accommodating cavity; and A friction stir welding tool handle, accommodated in the head seat accommodating cavity and connected to the rotating spindle, the friction stir welding tool handle includes: A handle cone, one end of which is connected to the rotating spindle, the handle cone has a cone accommodating cavity, and the cone accommodating cavity has a spline sliding section and a lining adjacent to the spline sliding section a sleeve accommodating section and a first keying groove formed in the bushing accommodating section; a spline bushing, accommodated in the bushing accommodating section, the spline bushing has a bushing outer surface and a bushing keying groove formed on the outer surface of the bushing; A first parallel key is keyed between the handle cone and the spline bushing and accommodated in the first keying groove and the bushing keying groove for connecting the handle cone and the spline Transfer torque between bushings; A spline shaft is axially slidably threaded through and keyed to the spline bushing, the spline shaft has a spline head end that can slide axially on the spline slidable section and a spline head The end of the spline, the end of the spline is not accommodated in the spline bush and forms a spline connection groove; a spring seat, which has a spring seat accommodating cavity and a second keying groove formed in the spring seat accommodating cavity, and the spring seat accommodating cavity is used for accommodating a part of the spline shaft; A second parallel key is keyed between the spline shaft and the spring seat and accommodated in the spline key groove and the second key groove for connecting the spline shaft and the spring Transfer torque between seats; a tool locking ring fixed on the spring seat and having a tool accommodating groove; and a tool, disposed in the tool accommodating groove and having a machining end protruding from the tool accommodating groove; Wherein, the spline shaft center, the spring seat, the tool locking ring and the tool can be axially displaced relative to the tool handle cone. The friction stir welding joint with a spindle torque transmission system according to claim 1, wherein the friction stir welding tool handle further comprises at least one handle spring, which is arranged between the handle cone and the spring seat. The friction stir welding head with a main shaft torque transmission system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a static shaft shoulder assembly disposed on a side of the head seat group away from the main shaft frame, the static shaft shoulder assembly having a knife hole and A shoulder surrounds the hole, the stationary shoulder assembly allows a portion of the tool to emerge from the hole, and the friction stir welding tool handle is rotatable relative to the stationary shoulder assembly. The friction stir welding head with a spindle torque transmission system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the friction stir welding tool handle further comprises a valve body and a first cooling channel flowing through the spline shaft, the spring seat and the tool lock Fixing ring, the knife handle cone has a cone flow channel, the cone flow channel has a valve, the valve body is arranged on the spline shaft and selectively closes the valve, when the valve body closes the valve, the cone The body flow channel cannot communicate with the first cooling flow channel, and when the valve body does not close the valve, the cone flow channel communicates with the first cooling flow channel. The friction stir welding joint with a main shaft torque transmission system as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a fluid parameter sensor, when the relative position between the valve body and the valve changes, the pressure of the gas flow through the valve and the The flow rate will be changed accordingly, so that at least one of the cone flow channel and the first cooling flow channel will produce a change in a fluid parameter, and the fluid parameter sensor is used for sensing the change in the fluid parameter. A friction stir welding tool holder with a spindle torque transmission system for connecting to a rotating spindle of a machining shaft of a machine tool, the friction stir welding tool holder comprising: A handle cone, one end of which is connected to the rotating spindle, the handle cone has a cone accommodating cavity, and the cone accommodating cavity has a spline sliding section and a lining adjacent to the spline sliding section a sleeve accommodating section and a first keying groove formed in the bushing accommodating section; a spline bushing, accommodated in the bushing accommodating section, the spline bushing has a bushing outer surface and a bushing keying groove formed on the outer surface of the bushing; A first parallel key is keyed between the handle cone and the spline bushing and accommodated in the first keying groove and the bushing keying groove for connecting the handle cone and the spline Transfer torque between bushings; A spline shaft is axially slidably threaded through and keyed to the spline bushing, the spline shaft has a spline head end that can slide axially on the spline slidable section and a spline head The end of the spline, the end of the spline is not accommodated in the spline bush and forms a spline connection groove; a spring seat, which has a spring seat accommodating cavity and a second keying groove formed in the spring seat accommodating cavity, and the spring seat accommodating cavity is used for accommodating a part of the spline shaft; A second parallel key is keyed between the spline shaft and the spring seat and accommodated in the spline key groove and the second key groove for connecting the spline shaft and the spring Transfer torque between seats; a tool locking ring fixed on the spring seat and having a tool accommodating groove; and a tool, disposed in the tool accommodating groove and having a machining end protruding from the tool accommodating groove; Wherein, the spline shaft center, the spring seat, the tool locking ring and the tool can be axially displaced relative to the tool handle cone. The friction stir welding tool holder with a spindle torque transmission system as claimed in claim 6, further comprising at least one tool handle spring, which is arranged between the tool handle cone and the spring seat. The friction stir welding tool holder with a spindle torque transmission system as claimed in claim 6, further comprising a valve body and a first cooling flow channel flowing through the spline shaft, the spring seat and the tool locking ring, the tool holder cone The body has a cone flow channel, the cone flow channel has a valve, the valve body is arranged on the spline shaft center and selectively closes the valve, when the valve body closes the valve, the cone flow channel and the first A cooling flow channel cannot communicate with each other. When the valve body does not close the valve, the cone flow channel communicates with the first cooling flow channel. The friction stir welding tool holder with a spindle torque transmission system as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a fluid parameter sensor, when the relative position between the valve body and the valve changes, the pressure of the gas flow through the valve and the The flow rate will be changed accordingly, so that at least one of the cone flow channel and the first cooling flow channel will produce a change in a fluid parameter, and the fluid parameter sensor is used for sensing the change in the fluid parameter.

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