TW202200573A - 噁唑啶酮化合物及其做為抗菌劑之使用方法 - Google Patents
噁唑啶酮化合物及其做為抗菌劑之使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於式I之噁唑啶酮化合物:
Description
本發明係關於一種噁唑啶酮化合物,其可用於治療細菌感染,尤其分枝桿菌感染。本發明亦關於噁唑啶酮化合物用於治療分枝桿菌感染,諸如由結核分枝桿菌(Mycobacteria tuberculosis
)引起之感染的使用方法。
分枝桿菌屬(Mycobacterium)為細菌屬,其既非真正的革蘭氏陽性亦非真正的革蘭氏陰性,包括引起結核病(結核分枝桿菌)及麻風病(麻風分枝桿菌(M . leprae
))之病原體。特別是結核病(TB),儘管可利用諸如異菸肼(isoniazide)及利福平(rifampin)之抗TB藥物,但仍視為世界上最致命的疾病之一。根據世界衛生組織,在2018年,有1000萬新的TB病例及150萬TB死亡。參見世界衛生組織發佈的2019年全球結核病報告。使TB流行複雜化的為多重耐藥性菌株之上升趨勢及與HIV之致命關聯。HIV陽性且感染TB之人罹患活動性TB之可能性為HIV陰性之人的30倍,且全世界每三個患有HIV/AIDS之人中就有一人因TB死亡。參見例如Kaufmann等人,Trends Microbiol
. 1: 2-5 (1993)及Bloom等人,N . Engl . J . Med
. 338: 677-678 (1998)。
在困擾AIDS患者之機會性感染中,愈來愈多地發現除結核分枝桿菌以外的分枝桿菌。來自鳥-胞內分枝桿菌複合體(M. avium-intracellulare
complex,MAC)之生物體,尤其血清型四及八,佔AIDS患者分枝桿菌分離株之68%。發現大量MAC(每公克組織多達1010個耐酸桿菌),因此,受感染AIDS患者之預後不佳。
噁唑啶酮為一類含有2-噁唑啶酮之化合物,其為含有氮及氧之5員環,用作抗微生物劑。參見例如WO 2009157423。一般而言,已知噁唑啶酮為單胺氧化酶抑制劑且具有針對革蘭氏陽性微生物之活性。WO 2006022794;Suzuki等人,Med . Chem . Lett .
4:1074-1078 (2013);Yang等人,J . Med . Chem .
58:6389-6409 (2015);Shaw等人, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1241:48-70 (2011)。另外,PCT公開案第WO2017/070024號揭示用於治療結核病之噁唑啶酮抗生素。
數種噁唑啶酮抗生素已經批准或正在進行臨床試驗,用於治療革蘭氏陽性細菌感染,諸如耐甲氧西林之金黃色葡萄球菌。噁唑啶酮抗生素之實例包括利奈唑胺(linezolid) (Zyvox™, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY)及特地唑胺(tedizolid) (Sivextro™, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, NJ)。特地唑胺用於治療由特定易感革蘭氏陽性細菌引起之急性細菌性皮膚及皮膚結構感染。利奈唑胺適用於治療由革蘭氏陽性微生物之易感菌株引起的數種感染,包括醫院內肺炎、複雜性皮膚及皮膚結構感染及社區獲得性肺炎。另外,其已在臨床試驗中針對多重耐藥性(MDR)及廣泛耐藥性(XDR)結核分枝桿菌(Mtb)之治療加以測試。Lee等人,N. Engl. J. Med
367: 1508-18 (2012)。儘管在治療此等疾病方面具有臨床功效,但長期使用利奈唑胺與不良事件相關,包括骨髓抑制(包括貧血及白血球減少症) (Hickey等人, Therapy 3(4):521-526 (2006)、神經病變及血清素症候群。假設此等不良事件與粒線體蛋白質合成之抑制相關。Flanagan等人,Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
59(1):178-185 (2015)。
研發比經批准之噁唑啶酮更安全但至少同樣有效的噁唑啶酮抗生素將極大地有益於Mtb患者。
本發明亦關於一種用於治療個體之細菌感染,尤其結核分枝桿菌感染之醫藥組合物,其包含式I之噁唑啶酮化合物及/或醫藥學上可接受之載劑、稀釋劑或賦形劑。
式I化合物及/或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽可用於例如抑制結核分枝桿菌之生長及/或治療或預防患者之結核病。不受任何特定理論束縛,咸信使用本發明之噁唑啶酮化合物治療結核病可能比已知噁唑啶酮化合物(諸如利奈唑胺)引起更少的骨髓抑制,因為其與粒線體蛋白質合成之高度抑制不相關及/或在針對結核分枝桿菌之效力與粒線體蛋白質合成之抑制之間具有更高的分離度。另外,本文所述之化合物展現藥物動力學概況,結合其針對結核分枝桿菌之效力,比已知噁唑啶酮更可能在人類中以合理劑量提供一日一次(QD)給藥。另外,基於本文所述之化合物之藥物動力學概況,相比於已知噁唑啶酮,在給藥後24小時,本文所述之化合物更可能在其最大濃度與最小濃度之間具有較小差異,其可使得Mtb治療中之功效與潛在不良作用之間更好地分離。
本發明亦關於1)治療需要治療之個體之結核病的方法,其包含向個體投與有效量之式I之噁唑啶酮化合物;及2)式I之噁唑啶酮化合物用於治療結核病之用途。
本發明之實施例、子實施例及特徵在本文中進一步描述或將自隨後描述、實例及隨附申請專利範圍顯而易見。
最初研發噁唑啶酮以用於治療革蘭氏陽性細菌感染,尤其耐甲氧西林之金黃色葡萄球菌感染。如實例中所示,式I之噁唑啶酮化合物之活體外測試揭露此化合物在抑制結核分枝桿菌之生長方面具有極佳效力,但與粒線體蛋白質合成之高度抑制不相關。因此,預期式I化合物及/或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽可用於治療結核分枝桿菌(Mtb),但不會導致與噁唑啶酮利奈唑胺相關之副作用,諸如骨髓抑制。因此,式I化合物作為Mtb治療劑將具有優於利奈唑胺及類似物之顯著優勢。
參考關於式I化合物之不同實施例,具體包括式I化合物及視情況存在之式I化合物之醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
本發明之其他實施例包括以下:
(a) 一種醫藥組合物,其包含有效量之如本文所定義之式I化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
(b) (a)之醫藥組合物,其進一步包含第二化合物,其中第二化合物為抗生素。
(c) (b)之醫藥組合物,其中第二化合物係選自由以下組成之群:乙胺丁醇(ethambutol)、吡𠯤甲醯胺(pyrazinamide)、異菸肼、左氧氟沙星(levofloxacin)、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)、加替沙星(gatifloxacin)、氧氟沙星(ofloxacin)、卡納黴素(kanamycin)、阿米卡星(amikacin)、卷麴黴素(capreomycin)、鏈黴素(streptomycin)、乙硫異菸胺(ethionamide)、丙硫異菸胺(prothionamide)、環絲胺酸(cycloserine)、特立齊酮(terididone)、對胺基水楊酸、氯法齊明(clofazimine)、克拉黴素(clarithromycin)、阿莫西林-克拉維酸(amoxicillin-clavulanate)、普托馬尼(pretomanid)、貝達喹啉(bedaquiline)、GSK 3036656、M72/AS01E疫苗、吉波達星(gepotidacin)、硫乙醯唑(thiacetazone)、美羅培南-克拉維酸(meropenem-clavulanate)、TBA-7371 (癸異戊烯磷醯基-β-D-核糖2'-氧化酶(DprE1)抑制劑)、來自Otsuka Pharmaceutical之OPC-167832、來自Qurient Co., Ltd之Telacebec (Q203)及硫利達嗪(thioridazine)。
(d) 一種醫藥組合物,其包含(i)式I化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,及(ii)第二化合物,其中第二化合物為抗生素,其中式I化合物及第二化合物各自以使得組合有效治療或預防細菌感染之量採用。
(e) (d)之組合,其中第二化合物係選自由以下組成之群:乙胺丁醇、吡𠯤甲醯胺、異菸肼、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、加替沙星、氧氟沙星、卡納黴素、阿米卡星、卷麴黴素、鏈黴素、乙硫異菸胺、丙硫異菸胺、環絲胺酸、特立齊酮、對胺基水楊酸、氯法齊明、克拉黴素、阿莫西林-克拉維酸、普托馬尼、貝達喹啉、GSK 3036656、M72/AS01E疫苗、吉波達星、硫乙醯唑、美羅培南-克拉維酸、TBA-7371 (癸異戊烯磷醯基-β-D-核糖2'-氧化酶(DprE1)抑制劑)、來自Otsuka Pharmaceutical之OPC-167832、來自Qurient Co., Ltd之Telacebec (Q203)及硫利達嗪。
(f) 一種用於治療個體之細菌感染的方法,其包含向需要此類治療之個體投與有效量之式I化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
(g) 一種用於預防及/或治療細菌感染之方法,其包含向需要此類治療之個體投與有效量之式I化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
(h) 一種用於治療細菌感染之方法,其包含向需要此類治療之個體投與治療有效量之(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)或(e)之組合物。
(i) 如(f)、(g)或(h)中所闡述之治療細菌感染之方法,其中該細菌感染係由於結核分枝桿菌引起。
(j) 一種用於預防及/或治療分枝桿菌感染之方法,其包含向需要此類治療之個體投與有效量之組合物,該組合物包含式I化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
(k) 如(j)中所闡述之治療分枝桿菌感染之方法,其中該分枝桿菌感染係由於結核分枝桿菌引起。
(l) 如(j)中所闡述之治療分枝桿菌感染之方法,其中該組合物為(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)或(e)之組合物。
本發明亦包括式I化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,(i)用於醫療或治療細菌感染,尤其分枝桿菌感染,(ii)作為藥物用於醫療或治療細菌感染,尤其分枝桿菌感染,或(iii)用於製備(或製造)用於醫療或治療細菌感染,尤其分枝桿菌感染之藥物。在此等用途中,本發明化合物可視情況與一或多種第二治療劑組合使用,該等第二治療劑包括乙胺丁醇、吡𠯤甲醯胺、異菸肼、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、加替沙星、氧氟沙星、卡納黴素、阿米卡星、卷麴黴素、鏈黴素、乙硫異菸胺、丙硫異菸胺、環絲胺酸、特立齊酮、對胺基水楊酸、氯法齊明、克拉黴素、阿莫西林-克拉維酸、普托馬尼、貝達喹啉、GSK 3036656、M72/AS01E疫苗、吉波達星、硫乙醯唑、美羅培南-克拉維酸、TBA-7371 (癸異戊烯磷醯基-β-D-核糖2'-氧化酶(DprE1)抑制劑)、來自Otsuka Pharmaceutical之OPC-167832、來自Qurient Co., Ltd之Telacebec (Q203)及硫利達嗪。
本發明之額外實施例包括上文(a)-(l)中所闡述之醫藥組合物、組合及方法以及前一段落中所闡述之用途,其中所採用之本發明化合物為上述實施例、子實施例、類別或子類別中之一者的化合物。在此等實施例中,該化合物可視情況以醫藥學上可接受之鹽的形式使用。
在上文所提供之化合物及鹽之實施例中,應理解各實施例可與一或多種其他實施例組合,達到此類組合提供穩定化合物或鹽且與實施例之描述相符的程度。應進一步理解,上文(a)至(l)提供之組合物及方法之實施例應理解為包括化合物及/或鹽之所有實施例,包括由實施例之組合產生之此類實施例。
本發明之額外實施例包括前述段落中所闡述之醫藥組合物、組合、方法及用途中之每一者,其中所採用之本發明化合物或其鹽為實質上純的。關於包含式I化合物或其鹽及醫藥學上可接受之載劑及視情況選用之一或多種賦形劑的醫藥組合物,應理解術語「實質上純」係關於式I化合物或其鹽本身;亦即組合物中活性成分之純度。
定義及縮寫
本文所用之術語具有其普通含義,且此類術語之含義在其每次出現時均為獨立的。儘管如此,除非另有說明,否則以下定義適用於整個本說明書及申請專利範圍。化學名稱、通用名稱及化學結構可互換使用以描述同一結構。若使用化學結構與化學名稱提及化合物且結構與名稱存在分歧,則以結構為準。除非另外指明,否則無論術語是否單獨或與其他術語組合使用,此等定義均適用。
「抗生素」係指降低微生物之活力或抑制微生物之生長或增殖的化合物或組合物。片語「抑制生長或增殖」意謂使世代時間(亦即,細菌細胞分裂或種群加倍所需之時間)增加至少約2倍。較佳抗生素為可使世代時間增加至少約10倍或更多(例如至少約100倍或甚至無限,如同全部細胞死亡)之抗生素。如本發明中所用,抗生素進一步旨在包括抗微生物劑、抑菌劑或殺菌劑。
在修飾物質或組合物之數量(例如kg、L或當量),或物理性質之值,或表徵製程步驟之參數的值(例如進行製程步驟之溫度)或其類似物時,「約」係指可能發生的數值量的變化,例如經由物質或組合物之製備、表徵及/或使用中涉及之典型量測、處理及取樣程序;經由此等程序中之無意誤差;經由用於製備或使用組合物或進行程序之成分的製造、來源或純度差異;及其類似物。在某些實施例中,「約」可意指適當單位之±0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0或5.0之變化。在某些實施例中,「約」可意指±1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、10%或20%之變化。
「耐藥性」結合分枝桿菌,意謂不再對至少一種先前有效的藥物敏感的分枝桿菌;其已發展出抵禦至少一種先前有效藥物之抗生素攻擊的能力。耐藥性菌株可將該抵禦能力傳遞給其後代。該耐受性可歸因於細菌細胞中之隨機基因突變,其改變對單一藥物或對不同藥物之敏感性。
「結核病」包含通常與包含結核分枝桿菌複合體之分枝桿菌物種引起之感染相關的疾病狀態。術語「結核病」亦與除結核分枝桿菌(MOTT)以外之分枝桿菌引起之分枝桿菌感染相關。其他分枝桿菌物種包括鳥-胞內分枝桿菌、堪薩斯分枝桿菌(M . kansarii
)、偶發分枝桿菌(M . fortuitum
)、龜分枝桿菌(M . chelonae
)、麻風分枝桿菌、非洲分枝桿菌(M . africanum
)、田鼠分枝桿菌(M . microti
)、鳥分枝桿菌副結核亞種(M . avium paratuberculosis
)、胞內分枝桿菌(M . intracellulare
)、瘰鬁分枝桿菌(M . scrofulaceum
)、蟾蜍分枝桿菌(M . xenopi
)、海洋分枝桿菌(M . marinum
)及潰瘍分枝桿菌(M . ulcerans
)。
本發明之另一實施例為如最初所定義或如前述實施例、子實施例、態樣、類別或子類別中之任一者中所定義的式I化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中該化合物或其鹽呈實質上純的形式。如本文所用,「實質上純」意謂適合地至少約60重量%,通常至少約70重量%,較佳至少約80重量%,更佳至少約90重量%(例如約90重量%至約99重量%),甚至更佳至少約95重量%(例如約95重量%至約99重量%,或約98重量%至100重量%),且最佳至少約99重量%(例如100重量%)之含有式I化合物或式I鹽之產物(例如自得到該化合物或鹽之反應混合物分離之產物)由該化合物或鹽組成。化合物及鹽之純度水準可使用諸如薄層層析、凝膠電泳、高效液相層析及/或質譜分析之標準分析方法來測定。若採用超過一種分析方法且該等方法在測定的純度水準方面存在實驗上之顯著差異,則以提供最高純度水準之方法為準。100%純度之化合物或鹽為如藉由標準分析方法所測定不含可偵測雜質的化合物或鹽。關於具有一或多個不對稱中心且可以立體異構體混合物形式存在之本發明化合物,實質上純的化合物可為實質上純的立體異構體混合物或實質上純的個別非對映異構體或對映異構體。
在式I化合物中,原子可展現其天然同位素豐度,或者一或多個原子可人工增濃原子序數相同但原子質量或質量數與自然界中主要存在之原子質量或質量數不同的特定同位素。本發明意欲包括式I化合物之所有適合的同位素變體。舉例而言,氫(H)之不同同位素形式包括氕(1
H)及氘(2
H或D)。氕為自然界中發現之主要氫同位素。氘之富集可提供某些治療優勢,諸如延長活體內半衰期或降低劑量需求,或可提供可用作表徵生物樣品之標準物的化合物。式I內之同位素富集化合物無需過度實驗即可藉由熟習此項技術者熟知的習知技術或藉由與本文實例中所述之方法類似的方法,使用適當同位素富集試劑及/或中間物來製備。
術語「化合物」係指游離化合物,及在其穩定之情況下,其任何水合物或溶劑合物。水合物為與水複合之化合物,且溶劑合物為與有機溶劑複合之化合物。
如上文所指出,本發明化合物可以醫藥學上可接受之鹽形式使用。應理解,如本文所用,本發明化合物亦可包括醫藥學上可接受之鹽,以及當其用作游離化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之前體或在其他合成操作中使用時,不屬於醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
術語「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」係指具有母體化合物之效用且不在生物學或其他方面不合意(例如對其接受者既無毒性亦無其他有害性)的鹽。術語「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」係指由醫藥學上可接受之無毒鹼或酸(包括無機或有機鹼及無機或有機酸)製備之鹽。術語「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」內所涵蓋之鹼性化合物之鹽係指本發明化合物之無毒鹽,其一般藉由使游離鹼與適合有機或無機酸反應來製備。本發明之鹼性化合物的代表性鹽包括但不限於以下:乙酸鹽、抗壞血酸鹽、己二酸鹽、海藻酸鹽、天冬胺酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、硫酸氫鹽、酒石酸氫鹽、硼酸鹽、溴化物、丁酸鹽、樟腦酸鹽、樟腦磺酸鹽(camphorsulfonate)、樟腦磺酸鹽(camsylate)、碳酸鹽、氯化物、克拉維酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、環戊烷丙酸鹽、二乙基乙酸鹽、二葡糖酸鹽、二鹽酸鹽、十二烷基磺酸鹽、乙二胺四乙酸鹽、乙二磺酸鹽、依託酸鹽、乙磺酸鹽(esylate)、乙磺酸鹽(ethanesulfonate)、甲酸鹽、反丁烯二酸鹽、葡庚糖酸鹽、葡糖庚酸鹽、葡萄糖酸鹽、麩胺酸鹽、甘油磷酸鹽、乙醇醯胺基苯胂酸鹽、半硫酸鹽、庚酸鹽、己酸鹽、己基間苯二酚酸鹽、海卓胺、氫溴酸鹽、鹽酸鹽、2-羥基乙磺酸鹽、羥基萘甲酸鹽、碘化物、異菸酸鹽、異硫代硫酸鹽、乳酸鹽、乳糖酸鹽、月桂酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、杏仁酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、甲基溴化物、甲基硝酸鹽、甲基硫酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、黏酸鹽、2-萘磺酸鹽、萘磺酸鹽、菸鹼酸鹽、硝酸鹽、N-甲基葡糖胺銨鹽、油酸鹽、草酸鹽、雙羥萘酸鹽(恩波酸鹽)、棕櫚酸鹽、泛酸鹽、果膠酸鹽、過硫酸鹽、磷酸鹽/二磷酸鹽、庚二酸鹽、苯基丙酸鹽、聚半乳糖醛酸鹽、丙酸鹽、水楊酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、硫酸鹽、次乙酸鹽、丁二酸鹽、單寧酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、茶氯酸鹽、硫代氰酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽、三乙碘化物、三氟乙酸鹽、十一烷酸鹽、戊酸鹽及其類似物。此外,在本發明化合物攜帶酸性部分時,其適合的醫藥學上可接受之鹽包括但不限於衍生自無機鹼之鹽,包括鋁鹽、銨鹽、鈣鹽、銅鹽、三價鐵鹽、二價鐵鹽、鋰鹽、鎂鹽、三價錳鹽、二價錳鹽、鉀鹽、鈉鹽、鋅鹽及其類似鹽。尤其較佳為銨鹽、鈣鹽、鎂鹽、鉀鹽及鈉鹽。衍生自醫藥學上可接受之有機無毒鹼之鹽包括一級胺、二級胺及三級胺、環胺、二環己基胺及鹼性離子交換樹脂之鹽,諸如精胺酸、甜菜鹼、咖啡鹼、膽鹼、N,N'-二苯甲基乙二胺、二乙胺、2-二乙胺基乙醇、2-二甲胺基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙胺、乙二胺、N-乙基嗎啉、N-乙基哌啶、還原葡糖胺、葡糖胺、組胺酸、海卓胺、異丙胺、離胺酸、甲基還原葡糖胺、嗎啉、哌𠯤、哌啶、多元胺樹脂、普魯卡因(procaine)、嘌呤、可可豆鹼、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺、緩血酸胺及其類似物。此外,包括的鹼性含氮基團可經諸如以下之試劑四級銨化:低碳烷基鹵化物,諸如甲基、乙基、丙基及丁基氯化物、溴化物及碘化物;二烷基硫酸鹽,如二甲基、二乙基、二丁基及二戊基硫酸鹽;長鏈鹵化物,諸如癸基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基及硬脂基氯化物、溴化物及碘化物;芳烷基鹵化物,如苯甲基及苯乙基溴化物;及其他。
此等鹽可藉由已知方法獲得,例如藉由將本發明化合物與當量的含有所需酸、鹼或其類似物之溶液混合,且隨後藉由過濾鹽或蒸餾掉溶劑來收集所需鹽。本發明化合物及其鹽可與諸如水、乙醇或丙三醇之溶劑形成溶劑合物。根據側鏈之取代基的類型,本發明化合物可同時形成酸加成鹽及與鹼之鹽。
如上文所闡述,本發明包括醫藥組合物,其包含本發明之式I化合物、視情況存在之一或多種其他活性組分及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。載劑之特徵將視投與途徑而定。「醫藥學上可接受」意謂醫藥組合物之成分必須彼此相容,不會干擾活性成分之有效性,且對其接受者無害(例如無毒性)。因此,除抑制劑以外,根據本發明之組合物可含有稀釋劑、填充劑、鹽、緩衝劑、穩定劑、增溶劑及此項技術中熟知之其他材料。
亦如上文所闡述,本發明包括一種用於治療細菌感染之方法,其包含向需要此類治療之個體投與治療有效量之式I化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。如本文所用,術語「個體」(或者,「患者」)係指已成為治療、觀察或實驗對象之動物,較佳哺乳動物,最佳人類。關於式I化合物之術語「投與(administration)」及其變化形式(例如「投與(administering)」化合物)意謂向需要治療之個體提供該化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。當化合物或其鹽與一或多種其他活性劑組合提供時,「投與」及其變化形式各自理解為包括在同一時間或在不同時間提供化合物或其鹽及其他藥劑。當同時投與組合之藥劑時,其可在單一組合物中一起投與或其可分開投與。應理解,活性劑之「組合」可為含有所有活性劑之單個組合物或各自含有一或多種活性劑之多個組合物。在兩種活性劑之情況下,組合可為包含兩種試劑之單個組合物或各自包含一種試劑之兩個獨立組合物;在三種活性劑之情況下,組合可為包含全部三種試劑之單個組合物、各自包含一種試劑之三個獨立組合物或兩個組合物,其中一個包含兩種試劑且另一個包含第三試劑;等等。
本發明之組合物及組合以有效量適合地投與。如本文所用,關於式I化合物之術語「有效量」意謂足以引起殺菌或抑菌作用之活性化合物的量。在一個實施例中,有效量為「治療有效量」,意謂可克服細菌耐藥性且足以抑制細菌複製及/或導致細菌殺死之活性化合物的量。當活性化合物(亦即活性成分)以鹽形式投與時,提及活性成分之量係指化合物之游離酸或游離鹼形式。
本發明組合物之投與適合地為非經腸、經口、舌下、經皮、局部、鼻內、氣管內、眼內或直腸內,其中組合物使用此項技術中熟知之調配方法進行適當調配以藉由所選途徑投與,包括例如Remington - The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 第21版, 2006中之第39章、第41章、第42章、第44章及第45章中所述的用於製備及投與調配物之方法。在一個實施例中,本發明化合物在醫院環境中靜脈內投與。在另一個實施例中,投與為以錠劑或膠囊或其類似物形式經口投與。本發明化合物及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的劑量可在廣泛界限內變化且在各特定情況下,自然應針對個別病況及欲控制之病原體進行調整。一般而言,對於治療細菌感染之用途,日劑量可在0.005 mg/kg至100 mg/kg、0.01 mg/kg至10 mg/kg、0.05 mg/kg至5 mg/kg、0.05 mg/kg至1 mg/kg之間。
在一些實施例中,本發明化合物之日劑量可在0.005 mg/kg至100 mg/kg、0.01 mg/kg至10 mg/kg、0.05 mg/kg至5 mg/kg、0.05 mg/kg至1 mg/kg之間。在一些實施例中,本發明化合物之日劑量可在1 mg/kg至5 mg/kg之間。在一些實施例中,本發明化合物之日劑量可在2 mg/kg至5 mg/kg之間。在一些實施例中,本發明化合物之日劑量可為約2.1至4.3 mg/kg。
在一些實施例中,本發明化合物以用於經口、靜脈內、肌肉內、經鼻或局部投與之醫藥調配物形式提供。因此,在一些實施例中,調配物可以諸如但不限於錠劑、膠囊、液體(溶液或懸浮液)、栓劑、軟膏、乳膏或氣溶膠之劑型製備。在一些實施例中,當前所揭示之主題提供此類化合物及/或調配物,其已凍乾且可復原形成醫藥學上可接受之調配物,以例如藉由靜脈內或肌肉內注射投與。
本發明化合物之靜脈內投與可藉由用可接受之溶劑復原化合物之粉末形式來進行。適合之溶劑包括例如生理食鹽水溶液(例如0.9%氯化鈉注射液)及無菌水(例如無菌注射用水、具有對羥基苯甲酸甲酯及對羥基苯甲酸丙酯之抑菌注射用水或具有0.9%苯甲醇之抑菌注射用水)。化合物之粉末形式可藉由對化合物進行γ照射或藉由凍乾化合物溶液來獲得,之後粉末可在室溫或低於室溫下儲存(例如在密封小瓶中)直至其復原。復原IV溶液中之化合物之濃度可例如在約0.1 mg/mL至約20 mg/mL範圍內。
在一些實施例中,本發明化合物以用於一日一次(QD)給藥之醫藥調配物形式提供。在其他實施例中,本發明化合物以用於一日一次(QD)或更少給藥之醫藥調配物形式提供。在一些實施例中,本發明化合物以用於一日一次(QD)經口給藥之醫藥調配物形式提供。在其他實施例中,本發明化合物以用於一日一次(QD)或更少經口給藥之醫藥調配物形式提供。
當前所揭示之主題的方法可用於治療此等病況,因為該等方法抑制病況之發作、增長或擴散,引起病況消退,治癒病況,或以其他方式改善罹患病況或處於罹患病況之風險下之個體的總體健康狀況。因此,根據當前所揭示之主題,術語「治療(treat)」、「治療(treating)」及其文法變化形式以及片語「治療方法」意欲涵蓋任何所需的治療性干預,包括但不限於用於治療個體之現有感染的方法,及用於預防(亦即防止)諸如已暴露於如本文所揭示之微生物或預期會暴露於如本文所揭示之微生物之個體感染的方法。
可藉由本發明化合物治療之感染可由多種微生物引起,包括真菌、藻類、原蟲、細菌及病毒。在一些實施例中,感染為細菌感染。可藉由本發明之方法治療之例示性微生物感染包括但不限於由以下中之一或多者引起的感染:金黃色葡萄球菌、糞腸球菌(Enterococcus faecalis
)、炭疽芽孢桿菌(Bacillus anthracis
)、鏈球菌屬(Streptococcus
)物種(例如化膿性鏈球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes
)及肺炎鏈球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae
))、大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli
)、綠膿桿菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa
)、洋蔥伯克氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia
)、變形桿菌屬(Proteus
)物種(例如奇異變形桿菌(Proteus mirabilis
)及普通變形桿菌(Proteus vulgaris
)、肺炎克雷伯氏桿菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae
)、鮑氏不動桿菌(Acinetobacter baumannii
)、嗜麥芽窄食單胞菌(Strenotrophomonas maltophillia
)、結核分枝桿菌、牛分枝桿菌(Mycobacterium bovis
)、結核病複合體之其他分枝桿菌及非結核分枝桿菌(NTM),包括潰瘍分枝桿菌。
在某些實施例中,可藉由本發明化合物治療之感染可由多種非結核分枝桿菌引起。此類非結核分枝桿菌包括超過150種不同的、包括臨床上最相關的NTM物種:膿腫分枝桿菌(Mycobacterium abscessus
)、鳥分枝桿菌複合體(MAC)及堪薩斯分枝桿菌。
在某些實施例中,感染為革蘭氏陽性細菌之感染。在一些實施例中,感染係選自分枝桿菌感染、炭疽芽孢桿菌感染、糞腸球菌感染及肺炎鏈球菌感染。
在一些實施例中,預防性投與式I化合物以預防或降低以下中之一者之發病率:(a)處於感染風險下之個體的結核分枝桿菌感染;(b)結核分枝桿菌感染復發;及(c)其組合。在一些實施例中,投與式I化合物以治療現有結核分枝桿菌感染。在一些實施例中,投與式I化合物以治療結核分枝桿菌之多重耐藥性菌株(亦即對兩種或更多種先前已知之抗結核藥物,諸如異菸肼、乙胺丁醇、利福平、卡納黴素、卷麴黴素、利奈唑胺及鏈黴素具有耐受性之菌株)之感染。在一些實施例中,式I化合物對結核分枝桿菌之最低抑制濃度(MIC)為25 μg/mL或更低。在一些實施例中,投與式I化合物以治療結核分枝桿菌之多重耐藥性菌株之感染。
因此,當前所揭示之主題的方法可用於治療結核病,因為該等方法抑制TB感染之發作、增長或擴散,引起TB感染之消退,治癒TB感染,或以其他方式改善罹患結核病或處於結核病風險下之個體的總體健康狀況。
罹患結核分枝桿菌或其他結核相關感染之個體可經由多種技術來確定,例如痰塗片、胸部X射線、結核菌素皮膚測試(亦即Mantoux測試或PPD測試)及/或其他臨床症狀之存在(例如胸痛、咳血、發熱、盜汗、食慾不振、疲勞等)。必要時,細菌RNA、DNA或蛋白質可自咸信罹患TB之個體分離且經由此項技術中已知的方法進行分析,並與細菌RNA、DNA或蛋白質之已知核酸或胺基酸序列進行比較。
在一些實施例中,式I化合物對結核分枝桿菌之最低抑制濃度(MIC)為25 μg/mL或更低。MIC可經由此項技術中已知的方法測定,如Hurdle等人, 2008,J . Antimicrob . Chemother .
62:1037-1045中所述。
在一些實施例中,本發明之方法進一步包含向個體投與額外治療化合物。在一些實施例中,本發明化合物在一或多種額外治療化合物之前、之後或同時向個體投與。在一些實施例中,額外治療化合物為抗生素。在一些實施例中,額外治療化合物為抗結核治療劑。在一些實施例中,額外治療化合物選自包含以下之群:異菸肼、乙胺丁醇、利福平、卡納黴素、卷麴黴素、利奈唑胺及鏈黴素。
因此,在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種組合,其包含式I化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽以及一或多種額外治療劑。此類一或多種額外治療劑之實例為抗結核劑,其包括但不限於阿米卡星、胺基水楊酸、卷麴黴素、環絲胺酸、乙胺丁醇、乙硫異菸胺、異菸肼、卡納黴素、吡𠯤甲醯胺、利福黴素(諸如利福平、利福噴丁(rifapentine)及利福布汀(rifabutin))、鏈黴素、克拉黴素、阿奇黴素(azithromycin)、噁唑啶酮及氟喹諾酮(fluoroquinolone) (諸如氧氟沙星、環丙沙星、莫西沙星及加替沙星)。此類化學療法係由治療醫師使用較佳藥物組合之判斷來確定。用於治療非耐藥性結核分枝桿菌感染之「一線」化學治療劑包括異菸肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、鏈黴素及吡𠯤甲醯胺。用於治療對一或多種「一線」藥物表現出耐藥性之結核分枝桿菌感染的「二線」化學治療劑包括氧氟沙星、環丙沙星、乙硫異菸胺、胺基水楊酸、環絲胺酸、阿米卡星、卡納黴素及卷麴黴素。除前述以外,存在許多自臨床研究中出現的新的抗結核治療劑,其亦可作為一或多種額外治療劑與式I化合物組合使用,包括但不限於TMC-207、OPC-67683、PA-824、LL-3858及SQ-109。
因此,可與式I化合物組合之其他抗生素為例如利福平;異菸肼;吡𠯤甲醯胺;阿米卡星;乙硫異菸胺;莫西沙星;乙胺丁醇;鏈黴素;對胺基水楊酸、氯法齊明、克拉黴素、阿莫西林-克拉維酸、普托馬尼、貝達喹啉、GSK 3036656、M72/AS01E疫苗、吉波達星、硫乙醯唑、美羅培南-克拉維酸、TBA-7371 (癸異戊烯磷醯基-β-D-核糖2'-氧化酶(DprE1)抑制劑)、來自Otsuka Pharmaceutical之OPC-167832、來自Qurient Co., Ltd之Telacebec (Q203)及硫利達嗪;喹啉酮/氟喹諾酮,諸如氧氟沙星、環丙沙星、司帕沙星(sparfloxacin);大環內酯(macrolide),諸如克拉黴素、氯法齊明、阿莫西林與克拉維酸;利福黴素;利福布汀;利福噴丁。
在另一態樣中,一或多種額外治療劑為例如可用於治療哺乳動物之結核病的藥劑、治療性疫苗、抗細菌劑、抗病毒劑;用於治療HIV/AIDS之抗生素及/或藥劑。此類治療劑之實例包括異菸肼(INH)、乙胺丁醇、利福平、吡𠯤甲醯胺、鏈黴素、卷麴黴素、環丙沙星及氯法齊明。
在一個態樣中,一或多種額外治療劑為治療性疫苗。因此,式I化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽可與針對分枝桿菌感染之疫苗接種,尤其針對結核分枝桿菌感染之疫苗接種結合投與。現有的針對分枝桿菌感染之疫苗包括卡介苗(BCG)。當前處於開發中的用於治療、預防或改善分枝桿菌感染之疫苗包括:以重組方式表現額外抗原、細胞介素及其他旨在提高功效或安全性之藥劑的經修飾之BCG菌株;表現比BCG更類似於結核分枝桿菌之抗原組合的減毒分枝桿菌;及次單位疫苗。次單位疫苗可以一或多種個別蛋白質抗原,或多種蛋白質抗原(其中任一者可視情況有佐劑)之一或多種融合物的形式投與,或以編碼一或多種個別蛋白質抗原,或編碼多種蛋白質抗原之一或多種融合物之多核苷酸的形式投與,諸如在多核苷酸在表現載體中投與的情況下。次單位疫苗之實例包括但不限於:M72,一種衍生自抗原Mtb32a及Mtb39之融合蛋白;HyVac-1,一種衍生自抗原85b及ESAT-6之融合蛋白;HyVac-4,一種衍生自抗原85b及Tb10.4之融合蛋白;MVA85a,一種表現抗原85a之經修飾之痘瘡病毒Ankara;及Aeras-402,表現衍生自抗原85a、抗原85b及Tb10.4之融合蛋白的腺病毒35。
本文所採用之縮寫包括以下:
ACN = 乙腈;CBZ-Cl=氯甲酸苯甲酯;CDCl3
= 氘化氯仿;DCM = 二氯甲烷;DIAD=重氮二甲酸二異丙酯,DIEA= N,N-二異丙基乙胺;DMF = N,N-二甲基甲醯胺;DMSO = 二甲亞碸;Et = 乙基;EtOAc = 乙酸乙酯;EtOH=乙醇;GFP=綠色螢光蛋白;HATU= (1-[雙(二甲胺基)亞甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸鹽),HET=雜環;H2
= 氫氣,HPLC = 高效能液相層析;LC-MS = 液相層析/質譜分析;Me = 甲基;MeOH = 甲醇;MIC = 最低抑制濃度;MW = 分子量;MS = 質譜分析;Mtb=結核分枝桿菌;Pd-C = 鈀/碳;RT = 室溫;TB=結核病;TEA =三乙胺;TFA = 三氟乙酸;THF = 四氫呋喃;及TBDMS=第三丁基二甲基矽烷基。
用於製造式 I 化合物之方法 :
式I化合物可根據以下反應方案或其修改,使用易於獲得之起始物質、試劑及習知合成程序來製備。在此等反應中,亦可利用本身為一般熟習此項技術者已知但未更詳細地提及之變化形式。根據以下反應方案,替代合成路徑及類似結構對於熟習有機合成技術者將為顯而易見的。
實例實例 1 合成 ({( 5S )- 3 -[ 4 -( 1 , 1 - 二側氧基 - 1λ6 - 硫代嗎啉 - 4 - 基 )- 3 , 5 - 二氟苯基 ]- 2 - 側氧基 - 1 , 3 - 噁唑啶 - 5 - 基 } 甲基 ) 胺基甲酸甲酯 步驟 A : 合成 4 -( 2 , 6 - 二氟 - 4 - 硝基苯基 ) 硫代嗎啉
將N
,N
-二異丙基乙胺(8.81 mL,50.8 mmol)及硫代嗎啉(1.75 g,16.9 mmol)添加至1,2,3-三氟-5-硝基苯(3.0 g,16.9 mmol)於DMF (30 mL)中之溶液中。使反應混合物升溫至80℃且攪拌2小時。冷卻反應混合物,添加水(20 mL),且用乙酸乙酯(3×30 mL)萃取所得混合物。合併之有機層用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌且經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且在減壓下濃縮濾液,得到純度足以用於下一步驟之標題化合物。1
H NMR (400 MHz, CD3
Cl) δ 7.82-7.74 (m, 2 H), 3.59-3.57 (m, 4 H), 2.78-2.75 (m, 4 H)。
步驟 B : 合成 3 , 5 - 二氟 - 4 -( 硫代嗎啉 - 4 - 基 ) 苯胺
將鐵(2.64 g,47.3 mmol)、氯化銨(2.53 g,47.3 mmol)及水(10 mL)添加至4-(2,6-二氟-4-硝基苯基)硫代嗎啉(4.1 g,15.8 mmol)於乙醇(30 mL)中之溶液中。使反應混合物升溫至70℃且攪拌3小時。冷卻反應混合物且在減壓下濃縮。將殘餘物溶解於乙酸乙酯(50 mL)中且經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且在減壓下濃縮濾液,得到純度足以用於下一步驟中之標題化合物。MS (ESI)m/z
: 230.8 [M+H+
]。
步驟 C : 合成 [ 3 , 5 - 二氟 - 4 -( 硫代嗎啉 - 4 - 基 ) 苯基 ] 胺基甲酸苯甲酯
將碳酸氫鈉(2.48 g,29.5 mmol)於水(20 mL)中之溶液添加至3,5-二氟-4-(硫代嗎啉-4-基)苯胺(3.4 g,14.8 mmol)於丙酮(20 mL)中之溶液中,且將反應混合物冷卻至0℃。添加氯甲酸苯甲酯(3.02 g,17.7 mmol),且使反應混合物升溫至環境溫度並攪拌3小時。在減壓下濃縮反應混合物,且將殘餘物溶解於乙酸乙酯中並用水洗滌。經硫酸鈉乾燥有機層,過濾,且在減壓下濃縮濾液,得到純度足以用於下一步驟中之標題化合物。MS (ESI)m/z
: 365.3 [M+H+
]。
步驟 D : 合成 N -({( 5S )- 3 -[ 3 , 5 - 二氟 - 4 -( 硫代嗎啉 - 4 - 基 ) 苯基 ]- 2 - 側氧基 - 1 , 3 - 噁唑啶 - 5 - 基 } 甲基 ) 乙醯胺
在0℃下將甲醇(0.89 mL,22 mmol)及第三丁醇鋰(5.27 g,65.9 mmol)添加至[3,5-二氟-4-(硫代嗎啉-4-基)苯基]胺基甲酸苯甲酯(8.0 g,22 mmol)於四氫呋喃(80 mL)中之溶液中,且使反應混合物攪拌1小時。添加乙酸(2S
)-1-乙醯胺-3-氯丙烷-2-基酯(8.50 g,43.9 mmol),且使反應混合物升溫至環境溫度並攪拌16小時。藉由添加HCl水溶液(1 M)將反應混合物調節至約pH 6且在減壓下濃縮。用二氯甲烷(3×30 mL)萃取殘餘物,且合併之有機層經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且在減壓下濃縮濾液。殘餘物藉由矽膠管柱層析,用1:50至100:0之乙酸乙酯:石油醚之梯度溶離來純化,得到標題化合物。MS (ESI)m/z
: 371.9 [M+H+
]。
步驟 E : 合成 N -({( 5S )- 3 -[ 4 -( 1 , 1 - 二側氧基 - 1λ6 - 硫代嗎啉 - 4 - 基 )- 3 , 5 - 二氟苯基 ]- 2 - 側氧基 - 1 , 3 - 噁唑啶 - 5 - 基 } 甲基 ) 乙醯胺
在0℃下將過硫酸氫鉀(3.10 g,5.05 mmol)於水(15 mL)中之溶液添加至N
-({(5S
)-3-[3,5-二氟-4-(硫代嗎啉-4-基)苯基]-2-側氧基-1,3-噁唑啶-5-基}甲基)乙醯胺(1.5 g,4.04 mmol)於甲醇(25 mL)中之溶液中,且使反應混合物升溫至環境溫度並攪拌4小時。添加亞硫酸鈉飽和水溶液(20 mL)且在減壓下濃縮混合物。用二氯甲烷(3×30 mL)萃取殘餘物且合併之有機層經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且在減壓下濃縮濾液,獲得純度足以用於下一步驟之標題化合物。MS (ESI)m/z
: 404.1 [M+H+
]。
步驟 F : 合成 4 -{ 4 -[( 5S )- 5 -( 胺基甲基 )- 2 - 側氧基 - 1 , 3 - 噁唑啶 - 3 - 基 ]- 2 , 6 - 二氟苯基 }- 1λ6 - 硫代嗎啉 - 1 , 1 - 二酮
將水(3 mL)及濃HCl水溶液(12 N,3 mL)添加至N
-({(5S
)-3-[4-(1,1-二側氧基-1λ6
-硫代嗎啉-4-基)-3,5-二氟苯基]-2-側氧基-1,3-噁唑啶-5-基}甲基)乙醯胺(1.6 g,3.97 mmol)於甲醇(12 mL)中之溶液中。使反應混合物升溫至70℃且攪拌1.5天。冷卻反應混合物且在減壓下濃縮,得到純度足以用於下一步驟之標題化合物。MS (ESI)m/z
: 361.8 [M+H+
]。
步驟 G : 合成 ({( 5S )- 3 -[ 4 -( 1 , 1 - 二側氧基 - 1λ6 - 硫代嗎啉 - 4 - 基 )- 3 , 5 - 二氟苯基 ]- 2 - 側氧基 - 1 , 3 - 噁唑啶 - 5 - 基 } 甲基 ) 胺基甲酸甲酯
在0℃下將N
,N
-二異丙基乙胺(0.196 ml,1.13 mmol)及氯甲酸甲酯(0.032 mL,0.415 mmol)添加至4-{4-[(5S
)-5-(胺基甲基)-2-側氧基-1,3-噁唑啶-3-基]-2,6-二氟苯基}-1λ6
-硫代嗎啉-1,1-二酮(150 mg,0.377 mmol)於二氯甲烷(2 mL)中之溶液中。使反應混合物升溫至環境溫度且攪拌1小時。在減壓下濃縮反應混合物,且殘餘物藉由製備型HPLC用15:85至45:55之乙腈:含有0.1%三氟乙酸之水之梯度溶離來純化,得到標題化合物。MS (ESI)m/z
: 419.9 [M+H+
]。1
H NMR (DMSO-d6
, 400 MHz): δ 7.52-7.50 (m, 1 H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 2 H), 4.74-4.71 (m, 1 H), 4.11-4.07 (m, 1 H), 3.75-3.71 (m, 1 H), 3.54 (s, 3 H), 3.48-3.40 (m, 4 H), 3.35-3.34 (m, 2 H), 3.23-3.22 (m, 4 H)。
生物分析結核分枝桿菌 ( Mtb ) 生長分析
在pH 6.8下,在兩種活體內相關碳源葡萄糖及膽固醇上評定結核分枝桿菌(Mtb)生長之抑制。對於葡萄糖作為碳源,培養基由補充有4 g/L葡萄糖、0.08 g/L NaCl、5 g/L BSA部分V及0.05%泰洛沙泊(tyloxapol)之Middlebrook 7H9培養液組成。對於膽固醇作為碳源,培養基由補充有97 mg/L膽固醇、0.08 g/L NaCl、5 g/L BSA部分V及0.05%泰洛沙泊之Middlebrook 7H9培養液組成。在篩選之前,表現綠色螢光蛋白之Mtb
(Mtb
-GFP;H37Rv pMSP12::GFP)預適應於補充有牛血清白蛋白及泰洛沙泊之Middlebrook 7H9-培養液基質中之相關碳源上生長。將細菌以每孔24 µL體積約2×104
個活躍生長的細胞分配至384孔微量滴定盤中。微量滴定盤預先分配有0.2 µL化合物、二甲亞碸(陰性對照)或利福平(25 µM;陽性對照)。將細胞暴露於50 μM至0.049 μM之化合物之2倍連續稀釋液。在一些實驗中,以較低濃度測試化合物。在7天生長期後藉由使用分光光度計量測螢光來評估生長抑制。在陰性對照孔中,細胞在讀數時仍活躍地生長。抑制95%細菌生長所需之測試化合物之最低濃度定義為MITC95。所有研究均在BSL3設施中進行。
粒線體蛋白質合成分析
在HepG2細胞中藉由比較氧化磷酸化酶複合體之兩個次單元,亦即複合體IV之次單元I (COX-I)及複合體II之70 kDa次單元(SDH-A)之含量來評定粒線體蛋白質合成之抑制。COX-I為粒線體DNA編碼的且SDH-A為細胞核DNA編碼的。將HepG2細胞以8,000個細胞/孔接種於96孔膠原蛋白塗佈盤中,且暴露於100 μM至6.25 μM之化合物之2倍連續稀釋液。在使用如由製造商所描述之套組(ab110217 MitoBiogenesis In Cell ELISA Kit, Abcam, Cambridge, MA)評定蛋白質含量之前,將微量滴定盤培育大致5個複製週期(4天)。粒線體蛋白質合成之抑制表示為COX-1與SDH-A含量之比率及COX-1與總活細胞量之比率(藉由Janus Green (JG)染色來確定)。
實例 | Mtb Cho MITC95_µM | Mtb Glu MITC95_µM | MPS IC50 _µM |
1 | 1.16 | 0.71 | 98 |
利奈唑胺 | 3.14 | 4.58 | 8 |
藥物動力學實驗大鼠 IV 及 PO 單一實驗
藉由經口投與及IV投與研究確定大鼠關於清除率、分佈體積、半衰期及經口生體可用率之血漿藥物動力學參數。4隻通常重225-260公克之雄性大鼠在給藥之前禁食隔夜。視所用劑量而定,藉由添加至媒劑中來製備用於經口及IV給藥之化合物。對於典型製劑,將1 mg/mL (IV)或1.5 mg/mL (經口)之測試化合物添加至包含20%二甲亞碸(DMSO)、60%聚乙二醇400 (PEG400)及20%水之媒劑中。靜脈內(IV)調配物經由預先插管之頸靜脈向兩隻大鼠投與,且經口劑量經由經口管飼向兩隻大鼠投與。通常對於IV在給藥前、給藥後2、8、15、30分鐘、1、2、4、6及8小時,對於經口給藥在給藥前、15、30分鐘、1、2、4、6、8小時,藉由預先插管之動脈採集血液。將樣品採集於K2
EDTA管中,在冰上儲存且離心。將血漿轉移至微量滴定盤中且在-70℃下儲存直至分析。血漿樣品使用蛋白質沈澱法提取,且藉由液相層析分離,接著進行質譜偵測(LC-MS/MS),使用各化合物之標準曲線來分析。藉由非房室方法計算IV及經口給藥資料之血漿藥物動力學參數。經口生體可用率確定為在經口給藥與IV給藥後劑量標準化之血漿曲線下面積(AUC)的比率。
大鼠 IV 盒實驗
自IV盒投與研究確定大鼠關於清除率、分佈體積、半衰期及平均滯留時間(MRT)之血漿藥物動力學參數。兩隻通常重225-260公克之雄性大鼠在給藥之前禁食隔夜。視所用劑量而定,藉由添加至媒劑中來製備用於IV給藥之化合物。對於典型製劑,將1 mg/mL (IV)之多達5種測試化合物添加至包含20%二甲亞碸(DMSO)、60%聚乙二醇400 (PEG400)及20%水之媒劑中。IV調配物經由預先插管之頸靜脈向兩隻大鼠投與。通常在給藥前、給藥後2、8、15、30分鐘、1、2、4、6及8小時,藉由預先插管之動脈採集血液。將樣品採集於K2
EDTA管中,在冰上儲存且離心。將血漿轉移至微量滴定盤中且在-70℃下儲存直至分析。血漿樣品使用蛋白質沈澱法提取,且藉由液相層析分離,接著進行質譜偵測(LC-MS/MS),使用各化合物之標準曲線來分析。藉由非房室方法計算血漿藥物動力學參數。
狗 IV 及 PO 單一實驗
藉由經口投與及IV投與研究確定狗關於清除率、分佈體積、半衰期、平均滯留時間(MRT)及經口生體可用率之血漿藥物動力學參數。四隻通常重8-12公斤之雄性狗在給藥之前禁食隔夜。視所用劑量而定,藉由添加至媒劑中來製備用於經口及IV給藥之化合物。對於典型製劑,將1 mg/mL (IV)或1.5 mg/mL (經口)之測試化合物添加至包含20%二甲亞碸(DMSO)、60%聚乙二醇400 (PEG400)及20%水之媒劑中。IV調配物經由隱靜脈或頭靜脈向兩隻狗投與,且經口劑量經由經口管飼向兩隻狗投與。通常對於IV在給藥前、給藥後2、8、15、30分鐘、1、2、4、6、8及24小時,對於經口給藥在給藥前、15、30分鐘、1、2、4、6、8及24小時,藉由頭靜脈或頸靜脈採集血液。將樣品採集於K2
EDTA管中,在冰上儲存且離心。將血漿轉移至微量滴定盤中且在-70℃下儲存直至分析。血漿樣品使用蛋白質沈澱法提取,且藉由液相層析分離,接著進行質譜偵測(LC-MS/MS),使用各化合物之標準曲線來分析。藉由非房室方法計算IV及經口給藥資料之血漿藥物動力學參數。經口生體可用率確定為在經口給藥與IV給藥後劑量標準化之血漿曲線下面積(AUC)的比率。
狗 IV 盒實驗
自IV盒投與研究確定狗關於清除率、分佈體積、半衰期及平均滯留時間(MRT)之血漿藥物動力學參數。兩隻通常重8-12公斤之雄性狗在給藥之前禁食隔夜。視所用劑量而定,藉由添加至媒劑中來製備用於IV給藥之化合物。對於典型製劑,將1 mg/mL (IV)之多達5種測試化合物添加至包含20%二甲亞碸(DMSO)、60%聚乙二醇400 (PEG400)及20%水之媒劑中。IV調配物經由隱靜脈或頭靜脈向兩隻狗投與。通常在給藥前、給藥後2、8、15、30分鐘、1、2、4、6、8及24小時,藉由頭靜脈或頸靜脈採集血液。將樣品採集於K2
EDTA管中,在冰上儲存且離心。將血漿轉移至微量滴定盤中且在-70℃下儲存直至分析。血漿樣品使用蛋白質沈澱法提取,且藉由液相層析分離,接著進行質譜偵測(LC-MS/MS),使用各化合物之標準曲線來分析。藉由非房室方法計算血漿藥物動力學參數。
血漿蛋白結合實驗
化合物與大鼠及狗之血漿蛋白的結合係藉由在37℃下在2.5 µM之測試化合物存在下對適當物種血漿進行平衡透析4小時來確定。使血漿樣品沈澱且藉由離心分離。藉由質譜偵測(LC-MS/MS),使用各化合物之標準曲線分析上清液。根據以下計算未結合化合物之分率:
未結合分率(fu
) = 峰面積比緩衝液
/峰面積比血漿
其中
峰面積比緩衝液
= 緩衝液中分析物/內標之峰面積比
峰面積比血漿
= 血漿中分析物/內標之峰面積比
實例 | 大鼠Cl (mL/min/kg) | 大鼠Vd,ss (L/kg) | 大鼠MRT (h) | 大鼠fu | 狗Cl (mL/min/kg) | 狗Vd,ss (L/kg) | 狗MRT (h) | 狗fu |
1 | 8.5 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 0.42 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 12.6 | 0.69 |
PCT公開案第WO2017/070024號揭示用於治療結核病之噁唑啶酮抗生素。與早先揭示之類似物、包含其之醫藥組合物及其在療法中之用途相比,本文所述之化合物具有高度有利的藥物動力學特性。PCT公開案第WO2017/070024號中所揭示之噁唑啶酮抗生素的藥物動力學特性展示於下表中:
來自WO2017/070024之實例編號 | 結構 | 大鼠Cl (mL/min/kg) | 大鼠Vd,ss (L/kg) | 大鼠MRT (h) | 大鼠fu |
48 | 85 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 0.83 | |
59 | 43 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.57 |
來自WO2017/070024之實例編號 | 結構 | 狗Cl (mL/min/kg) | 狗Vd,ss (L/kg) | 狗MRT (h) | 狗fu |
48 | 18 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.87 | |
59 | 53 | 4.2 | 1.3 | 0.81 |
如上表中所示,式I化合物之藥物動力學概況與在合理劑量下QD給藥之可能性更好地相關。
Claims (18)
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含治療有效量之如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
- 一種如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的用途,其用於製造供治療細菌感染用之藥物。
- 一種如請求項2之醫藥組合物之用途,其用於製造供治療細菌感染用之藥物。
- 如請求項3或4之用途,其中該細菌感染係由於結核分枝桿菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis )引起。
- 如請求項3或4之用途,其中該藥物用於經口、非經腸或局部投與。
- 如請求項5之用途,其中該結核分枝桿菌為耐藥性分枝桿菌菌株。
- 如請求項3或4之用途,其中該藥物進一步包含第二治療劑或與第二治療劑組合使用以治療結核分枝桿菌。
- 如請求項8之用途,其中該第二治療劑係選自由以下組成之群:乙胺丁醇(ethambutol)、吡𠯤甲醯胺(pyrazinamide)、異菸肼(isoniazid)、左氧氟沙星(levofloxacin)、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)、加替沙星(gatifloxacin)、氧氟沙星(ofloxacin)、卡納黴素(kanamycin)、阿米卡星(amikacin)、卷麴黴素(capreomycin)、鏈黴素(streptomycin)、乙硫異菸胺(ethionamide)、丙硫異菸胺(prothionamide)、環絲胺酸(cycloserine)、特立齊酮(terididone)、對胺基水楊酸、氯法齊明(clofazimine)、克拉黴素(clarithromycin)、阿莫西林-克拉維酸(amoxicillin-clavulanate)、普托馬尼(pretomanid)、貝達喹啉(bedaquiline)、GSK 3036656、吉波達星(gepotidacin)、硫乙醯唑(thiacetazone)、美羅培南-克拉維酸(meropenem-clavulanate)、TBA-7371 (癸異戊烯磷醯基-β-D-核糖2'-氧化酶(DprE1)抑制劑)、來自Otsuka Pharmaceutical之OPC-167832、來自Qurient Co., Ltd之Telacebec (Q203)及硫利達嗪(thioridazine)。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含治療有效量之如請求項10之化合物及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
- 一種如請求項10之化合物之用途,其用於製造供治療細菌感染用之藥物。
- 一種如請求項11之醫藥組合物之用途,其用於製造供治療細菌感染用之藥物。
- 如請求項12或13之用途,其中該細菌感染係由於結核分枝桿菌引起。
- 如請求項12或13之用途,其中該藥物用於經口、非經腸或局部投與。
- 如請求項14之用途,其中該結核分枝桿菌為耐藥性分枝桿菌菌株。
- 如請求項12或13之用途,其中該藥物進一步包含第二治療劑或與第二治療劑組合使用以治療結核分枝桿菌。
- 如請求項17之用途,其中該第二治療劑係選自由以下組成之群:乙胺丁醇、吡𠯤甲醯胺、異菸肼、左氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、加替沙星、氧氟沙星、卡納黴素、阿米卡星、卷麴黴素、鏈黴素、乙硫異菸胺、丙硫異菸胺、環絲胺酸、特立齊酮、對胺基水楊酸、氯法齊明、克拉黴素、阿莫西林-克拉維酸、普托馬尼、貝達喹啉、GSK 3036656、吉波達星、硫乙醯唑、美羅培南-克拉維酸、TBA-7371 (癸異戊烯磷醯基-β-D-核糖2'-氧化酶(DprE1)抑制劑)、來自Otsuka Pharmaceutical之OPC-167832、來自Qurient Co., Ltd之Telacebec (Q203)及硫利達嗪。
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CN118317771A (zh) * | 2021-11-30 | 2024-07-09 | 曼金德公司 | 用于局部治疗布鲁里溃疡中的溃疡分枝杆菌的制剂和方法 |
EP4296674A1 (en) | 2022-06-20 | 2023-12-27 | Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier | Innovative molecules decreasing virulence of mycobacterium for the treatment of tuberculosis |
WO2024035618A1 (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Llc | Processes for preparing oxazolidinone compounds |
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CN1221548C (zh) * | 1999-12-21 | 2005-10-05 | 法玛西雅厄普约翰美国公司 | 含有砜亚氨基官能团的噁唑烷酮 |
PE20020044A1 (es) * | 2000-06-16 | 2002-01-30 | Upjohn Co | Tiazina oxazolidinona |
AR031135A1 (es) * | 2000-10-10 | 2003-09-10 | Upjohn Co | Composiciones de antibiotico topico para el tratamiento de infecciones oculares |
WO2002032857A1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2002-04-25 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Company | Methods of producing oxazolidinone compounds |
CA2441854A1 (en) * | 2001-02-05 | 2002-09-19 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Company | Composition for rectal delivery of an oxazolidinone antibacterial drug |
GB0108764D0 (en) * | 2001-04-07 | 2001-05-30 | Astrazeneca Ab | Chemical compounds |
JP2005521691A (ja) * | 2002-02-22 | 2005-07-21 | ファルマシア・コーポレーション | シクロデキストリン化合物及び塩化セチルピリジニウムを含有する眼科用抗菌性薬物製剤 |
WO2005113520A1 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2005-12-01 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Company Llc | Substituted 2,3,5-trifluorphenyl oxazolidinones for use as antibacterial agents |
EP1778653A1 (en) | 2004-07-28 | 2007-05-02 | Rib-X Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Biaryl heterocyclic compounds and methods of making and using the same |
WO2006059221A2 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-08 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Company Llc | Topical hydro-alcoholic formulations of oxazolidinone antibacterial agents |
WO2006079896A2 (en) * | 2005-01-27 | 2006-08-03 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Company Llc | Stable polyol formulations of oxazolidinone antibacterial agents |
JPWO2009157423A1 (ja) | 2008-06-24 | 2011-12-15 | 財団法人乙卯研究所 | 縮合環を有するオキサゾリジノン誘導体 |
CA2735229C (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2014-01-28 | Pfizer Inc. | Combination therapy for tuberculosis |
EP2311457A1 (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2011-04-20 | Forschungszentrum Borstel | Pharmaceutical compositions for treating infections with drug resistant mycobacteria |
US10550092B2 (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2020-02-04 | The Global Alliance For Tb Drug Development, Inc. | Substituted phenyloxazolidinones for antimicrobial therapy |
WO2017066964A1 (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2017-04-27 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Oxazolidinone compounds and methods of use thereof as antibacterial agents |
WO2018170664A1 (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2018-09-27 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Oxazolidinone compounds and methods of use thereof as antibacterial agents |
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JP7241984B2 (ja) | 2023-03-17 |
TWI799814B (zh) | 2023-04-21 |
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JP2023507683A (ja) | 2023-02-24 |
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CN115605208A (zh) | 2023-01-13 |
KR20220156577A (ko) | 2022-11-25 |
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PE20230002A1 (es) | 2023-01-05 |
CA3172304A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
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ECSP22073580A (es) | 2022-11-30 |
AU2021239937A1 (en) | 2022-10-06 |
IL296401A (en) | 2022-11-01 |
EP4121058A1 (en) | 2023-01-25 |
CL2022002511A1 (es) | 2023-03-24 |
CO2022013595A2 (es) | 2023-02-16 |
WO2021188606A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 |
US20240208958A1 (en) | 2024-06-27 |
BR112022018674A2 (pt) | 2022-11-01 |
AR121598A1 (es) | 2022-06-22 |
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