TW202045742A - 接合線 - Google Patents

接合線 Download PDF

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TW202045742A
TW202045742A TW109108188A TW109108188A TW202045742A TW 202045742 A TW202045742 A TW 202045742A TW 109108188 A TW109108188 A TW 109108188A TW 109108188 A TW109108188 A TW 109108188A TW 202045742 A TW202045742 A TW 202045742A
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wire
bonding
coating layer
bonding wire
heat treatment
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TW109108188A
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TWI853006B (zh
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山田隆
西林景仁
榛原照男
小田大造
江藤基稀
小山田哲哉
小林孝之
宇野智裕
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日商日鐵新材料股份有限公司
日商日鐵化學材料股份有限公司
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01L24/42Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L24/44Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
    • H01L24/45Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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    • B21C1/00Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B21C37/04Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
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Abstract

本發明提供一種於使用金屬被覆Al接合線之半導體裝置進行動作之高溫狀態下,充分地獲得接合線之接合部之接合可靠性的金屬被覆Al接合線。該接合線之特徵在於具有:包含Al或Al合金之芯線、及於該芯線之外周之包含Ag、Au或含有其等之合金的被覆層,於與線軸為垂直方向之芯材剖面中,相對於線長度方向之角度差為15°以下之結晶方位<111>之方位比率為30~90%。較佳為線之表面粗糙度Rz為2 μm以下。

Description

接合線
本發明係關於一種接合線,特別是關於一種於Al芯線之表面具有被覆層之金屬被覆Al接合線。
於半導體裝置中,藉由接合線連接形成於半導體元件上之電極與引線框架或基板上之電極之間。作為使用於接合線之材質,於超LSI(Large Scale Integration,大規模積體電路)等積體電路半導體裝置中使用金(Au)或銅(Cu),另一方面,於功率半導體裝置中主要使用鋁(Al)。例如,於專利文獻1中,表示有於功率半導體模組中使用300 μm
Figure 02_image001
之鋁接合線(以下稱為「Al接合線」)之例。又,於使用Al接合線之功率半導體裝置中,作為接合方法,與半導體元件上之電極之連接及與引線框架或基板上之電極之連接均使用楔形接合。
Al接合線較Au接合線廉價,但於高濕度下變得容易氧化而劣化,故而需要昂貴之真空或封入有惰性氣體之封裝體,無法使用廉價之樹脂封裝體。又,使用Al接合線之功率半導體裝置多用作空調或太陽光發電系統等大電力設備、車載用半導體裝置。於該等半導體裝置中,Al接合線之接合部暴露於100~300℃之高溫。於使用僅包含高純度之Al之材料作為Al接合線之情形時,線於此種溫度環境下容易軟化,故而難以於高溫環境下使用。於專利文獻2中,記載有金被覆鋁接合線之製造方法。藉由對鋁接合線被覆金,亦可應用於成本較低之樹脂封裝體,雖然為鋁線,但亦可實現球形接合。
於製造接合線時,使用模具進行伸線處理。對於Al或Al合金接合線亦相同。於使用模具對Al或Al合金接合線進行伸線時,由於Al、Al合金為軟質,故而因由模具導致之磨耗產生鋁之磨耗粉。因該磨耗粉而存在於此後伸線之線表面產生瑕疵、或軸上偏芯等問題。如專利文獻2所記載,藉由於Al線之表面被覆Au,從而因Au較Al硬質而能夠防止產生伸線時之磨耗粉。
於專利文獻3中,揭示有一種具有包含Al或Al合金之芯線之接合線,具有被覆芯線之被覆層A,構成被覆層A之金屬包含Mo、Nb、Cr、Co、Ti、Zr、Ta、Fe或其等之合金。藉由具有被覆層A,於使用模具進行伸線時,不會產生因磨削導致之磨耗粉。進而,於使用於廉價之樹脂封裝體時,Au被覆會發生Al芯線之腐蝕,與此相對,作為被覆金屬使用Mo等之結果,Al芯線不會發生腐蝕。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]
[專利文獻1]日本專利特開2002-314038號公報 [專利文獻2]日本專利特開平8-241907號公報 [專利文獻3]日本專利特開2014-82369號公報
[發明所欲解決之問題]
即便為如專利文獻1、2中記載之使用具有被覆層之Al接合線之半導體裝置,亦存在如下情形:於半導體裝置進行動作之高溫狀態下,無法充分地獲得接合線之接合部之接合可靠性。
本發明之目的在於提供一種於使用金屬被覆Al接合線之半導體裝置進行動作之高溫狀態下,充分地獲得接合線之接合部之接合可靠性的金屬被覆Al接合線。 [解決問題之技術手段]
即,本發明之主旨如下。 [1]一種接合線,其特徵在於具有:包含Al或Al合金之芯線、及於該芯線之外周之包含Ag、Au或含有其等之合金的被覆層,於對與線軸為垂直方向之芯材剖面測定結晶方位之結果中,線長度方向之結晶方位中之相對於線長度方向之角度差為15°以下之結晶方位<111>的方位比率為30~90%。 [2]如[1]記載之接合線,其特徵在於:線之表面粗糙度Rz為2 μm以下。 [3]如[1]或[2]記載之接合線,其特徵在於:上述被覆層之厚度為1~100 nm。 [4]如[1]至[3]中之任一項記載之接合線,其特徵在於:線之線徑為50~600 μm。 [發明之效果]
本發明之接合線具有包含Al或Al合金之芯線、及該芯線之外周之包含Ag、Au或含有其等之合金的被覆層,於垂直於線長度方向之剖面中,結晶<111>方位與線長度方向之角度差為15°以內之結晶之方位比率為30~90%,藉此於使用該接合線之半導體裝置進行動作之高溫狀態下,充分地獲得接合線之接合部之接合可靠性。
本發明以如下金屬被覆Al接合線為對象:其具有包含Al或Al合金之芯線(以下亦簡稱為「Al芯線」)、及該芯線之外周之包含Ag、Au或含有其等之合金的被覆層(以下亦簡稱為「Ag、Au被覆層」)。
本發明之接合線具有包含Al或Al合金之芯線作為芯線。於使用Al之情形時,芯線之Al含量為99.9質量%以上。於使用Al合金之情形時,使用Al-Si、Al-Fe等合金,Al合金之情形時之Al含量為90質量%以上。構成芯線之含有成分除上述Al或構成Al合金之成分以外,含有不可避免之雜質。 存在因製造接合線時之熱處理而於被覆層與芯線之交界形成被覆層金屬與芯線金屬之擴散區域的情形。於擴散區域中,自被覆層側朝向中心,被覆層金屬含量逐漸減少,並且芯線金屬含量逐漸增加。於本發明中,將芯線金屬含量成為50 at%之位置定義為被覆層與芯線之交界。於芯線與被覆層之交界形成有上述擴散區域之情形時,在芯線中之該擴散區域內,於芯線中含有被覆層之成分,其含量為50 at%以下。
構成被覆層之含有成分為Ag、Au或含有其等之合金,於該含有成分中包含不可避免之雜質。藉由使用Ag、Au或含有其等之合金作為構成被覆層之含有成分,接合性良好,獲得高接合強度。於設為包含Ag或Au之合金之情形時,合金中之Ag或Au之含量設為50質量%以上,作為合金成分,可包含Al。於芯線與被覆層之交界形成有上述擴散區域之情形時,在被覆層中之該擴散區域內,於被覆層中含有芯線之成分,其含量為50 at%以下。
專利文獻1中記載之發明藉由使用Au被覆Al接合線,從而亦可應用於成本較低之樹脂封裝體,雖然為Al線,但亦可實現球形接合。又,專利文獻2中記載之發明於具有包含Mo等之被覆層之Al接合線中,在使用模具進行伸線時,不產生因磨削導致之磨耗粉,進而,即便使用於廉價之樹脂封裝體,Al芯線亦不發生腐蝕。
於使用Ag或Au被覆Al接合線之半導體裝置中,發現若使半導體裝置於高溫狀態下長時間進行動作,則接合線之接合部之接合強度下降之現象,即判明無法充分地獲得接合可靠性。若觀察高溫長時間動作後之半導體裝置之接合線剖面,則推斷因高溫環境而發生再結晶,結晶粒徑變大,又,下文敍述之結晶<111>方位比率減少,故而線強度較初始下降,由此於接合界面發生剝離現象,接合部之可靠性下降。
與此相對,本發明於Al芯線之外周具有Ag、Au被覆層之金屬被覆Al接合線中,在對與線軸為垂直方向之芯材剖面測定結晶方位之結果中,線長度方向之結晶方位中之相對於線長度方向之角度差為15°以下之結晶方位<111>的方位比率(以下亦簡稱為「結晶<111>方位比率」)設為30~90%。藉此,於高溫環境下長時間持續使用半導體裝置時,亦能夠於高溫長時間動作後之半導體裝置中確保接合部之可靠性。以下,詳細地進行說明。
對高溫長時間歷程後之接合部可靠性評估試驗進行說明。 作為使用之金屬被覆Al接合線,準備Au被覆Al接合線與Ag被覆Al接合線。被覆層之被覆厚度均設為50 nm。伸線後之線之線徑為200 μm。於伸線步驟之中途實施熱處理或者不實施,於實施熱處理之情形時,將冷卻條件設為緩冷與急冷兩種,對伸線後之線實施調質熱處理。藉由變動伸線中途之熱處理條件與伸線後之調質熱處理條件,使結晶<111>方位比率進行各種變更。
於半導體裝置中,半導體晶片與接合線之間之第1接合部、外部端子與接合線之間之第2接合部均設為楔形接合。
藉由功率循環試驗進行高溫長時間歷程。功率循環試驗係對接合有Al接合線之半導體裝置反覆進行加熱與冷卻。加熱係花費2秒加熱至半導體裝置中之接合線之接合部之溫度成為140℃,此後,花費5秒冷卻至接合部之溫度成為30℃。將該加熱、冷卻之循環反覆進行20萬次。
於上述高溫長時間歷程後,測定第1接合部之接合剪切強度,進行接合部可靠性之評估。其結果,於結晶<111>方位比率為30~90%時(本發明條件),被覆Au與被覆Ag之任一者之接合部剪切強度與初始比較均為90%以上,能夠充分地確保接合部之可靠性。與此相對,於偏離上述本發明條件之情形時,接合部剪切強度與於初始比較為未達50%,接合部之可靠性不充分。
<<線之結晶<111>方位比率>> 於本發明中,在對與線軸為垂直方向之芯材剖面測定結晶方位之結果中,線長度方向之結晶方位中之相對於線長度方向之角度差為15°以下之結晶方位<111>的方位比率(結晶<111>方位比率)為30~90%。此處,所謂與線軸為垂直方向之芯材剖面係指垂直於接合線長度方向之剖面(C剖面)。於測定結晶<111>方位比率時,可使用EBSD(Electron Back Scatter Diffraction Patterns,電子背向散射繞射)。將與線軸為垂直方向之芯材剖面(垂直於接合線長度方向之剖面)設為檢查面,利用附屬於裝置之解析軟體,藉此能夠算出結晶<111>方位比率。對於該方位比率之算出法,將以僅測定區域內之能夠以可靠度為基準鑑定之結晶方位之面積為總體算出的<111>方位之面積比例設為結晶<111>方位比率。於求出方位比率之過程中,除無法測定結晶方位之部位,或者即便能夠測定,方位解析之可靠度亦較低之部位等除外來進行計算。 若結晶<111>方位比率為90%以下,則因伸線時之調質熱處理引起之再結晶適度地進行,線軟化,能夠防止接合時之晶片破裂之發生、接合部之接合性之下降、高溫長時間使用時之可靠性之下降等。另一方面,若結晶<111>方位比率未達30%,則表示線之再結晶過度地進行,接合部之可靠性下降,高溫長時間使用時之可靠性下降。 藉由在線之伸線過程中進行熱處理,在熱處理後進行急冷,從而具有適當之被覆厚度與伸線後之調質熱處理相輔相成,能夠將垂直於線長度方向之剖面的結晶<111>方位比率設為30~90%。結晶<111>方位比率較佳為40%以上,進而較佳為50%以上。又,結晶<111>方位比率較佳為80%以下,進而較佳為70%以下。
<<線之表面粗糙度>> 於本發明中,較佳為線之表面粗糙度Rz為2 μm以下。於線表面形成包含Ag、Au或含有其等之合金之被覆層後進行伸線,將被覆層之厚度設為1 nm以上,藉此能夠將表面粗糙度Rz設為2 μm以下。藉由將表面粗糙度Rz設為2 μm以下,能夠提高接合時之與電極之接合性。表面粗糙度Rz係JIS(Japanese Industrial Standard,日本工業標準)B 0601-2001中規定之最大高度Rz。可利用非接觸之超深度形狀測定顯微鏡根據線之長度方向之粗糙度進行評估。
<<被覆層之厚度>> 於本發明之金屬被覆Al接合線中,被覆層之厚度較佳為1~100 nm。藉此,於使用模具進行伸線時,不產生因磨削導致之磨耗粉,能夠充分地發揮防止模具磨耗之惡化,並且使線之表面粗糙度Rz下降之效果。 若被覆層厚度過薄,則無法發揮藉由形成被覆層實現之效果,模具磨耗惡化,線之表面粗糙度惡化,其結果,接合時之與電極之接合性亦惡化。若被覆層之厚度為1 nm以上,則能夠發揮本發明之被覆層之作用效果。若被覆層之厚度為10 nm以上,則更佳,若為20 nm以上,則進而較佳。 另一方面,若被覆層之厚度過厚,則伸線時之阻力較小,Al芯線之加工度變小,因此線之<111>方位比率下降。若被覆層之厚度為100 nm以下,則能夠發揮本發明之被覆層之作用效果。若被覆層之厚度為40 nm以下,則更佳,若為30 nm以下,則進而較佳。 於將下文敍述之線直徑設為D(μm)時,被覆層之厚度d(nm)較佳為超過0.02D,更佳為0.03D以上、0.04D以上或0.05D以上。又,被覆層之厚度d(nm)較佳為0.2D以下,更佳為0.18D以下、0.16D以下或0.15D以下。特別是若線直徑D(μm)與被覆層厚度d(nm)滿足0.05D≤d≤0.15D之關係,則能夠格外明顯地享受藉由形成被覆層實現之上述效果,故而較佳。
<<線直徑>> 於本發明中,較佳為接合線直徑為50~600 μm。於功率系器件中流通大電流,故而通常使用50 μm以上之線,但若超過600 μm,則處理變難或打線接合機不對應,故而使用600 μm以下之線。
<<線成分>> 本發明之Al接合線可應用純Al、Al合金之任一種。作為Al合金,可將Fe、Si等設為添加元素,例如可列舉Al-Fe合金、Al-Si合金,Al含量較佳為95質量%以上、96質量%以上、97質量%以上、98質量%以上或98.5質量%以上。作為Al合金之較佳例,可列舉Al-0.5質量%Fe合金、Al-1質量%Si合金。
<<接合線之製造方法>> 首先,於按照芯線之組成稱取高純度之Al(純度99.99%以上)及添加元素原料作為起始原料後,在高真空下、或者氮氣或Ar等惰性環境下加熱該起始原料進行熔解,藉此獲得含有特定之成分且剩餘部分為Al及不可避免之雜質之錠。使用金屬製之模具對該錠進行伸線至最終所需之芯線之直徑。
作為於芯線之表面形成被覆層之方法,可利用電解鍍覆、無電解鍍覆、蒸鍍法等,就生產性之觀點而言,利用電解或無電解鍍覆於工業上最佳。對於在芯線之表面覆著被覆層之階段,最佳為於錠之階段覆著,但亦可於芯線之中途階段伸線至特定之線徑,於確認到產生因模具導致之Al磨耗粉後之階段覆著,伸線至最終線徑。
本發明之接合線除常規方法之壓延與伸線加工以外,於伸線中途進行熱處理與此後之急冷處理。熱處理可於線徑為1 mm左右之階段進行。伸線中之熱處理條件較佳為設為600~640℃、2~3小時。熱處理後之急冷處理係於水中進行急冷。藉由在伸線中途進行此種熱處理與此後之急冷,與線之被覆層膜厚不過厚相輔相成,能夠於下述調質熱處理後將結晶<111>方位比率設為本發明之範圍內。
若不進行熱處理,則於下述調質熱處理後,結晶<111>方位比率偏離上限。特別是於被覆層之膜厚較薄之情形時較為明顯。又,於即便進行熱處理但將冷卻條件設為緩冷之情形時、或於熱處理溫度過高之情形時,在下述調質熱處理後,結晶<111>方位比率偏離下限。特別是於被覆層之膜厚較厚之情形時較為明顯。
於伸線加工中與伸線加工後之一者或兩者中進行調質熱處理。越提高調質熱處理之溫度且增長時間,則越能夠降低結晶<111>方位比率。可於熱處理溫度250~350℃之範圍、熱處理時間5~15秒之範圍內以實現較佳之結晶<111>方位比率的方式選擇調質熱處理條件。 [實施例]
作為接合線之原材料,分別準備純度為99.99質量%以上之素材作為使用於芯線之Al、使用於被覆層之Au、Ag。藉由加熱Al進行熔解來鑄造錠,藉由電解鍍覆方法於該線表面形成被覆層。此後,進行伸線,並且進行伸線中之熱處理及伸線後之調質熱處理來製作表1所示之最終線徑的接合線,將被覆層控制成實施例記載之厚度。
對於伸線中之熱處理,於線徑為800 μm之階段進行熱處理,於本發明例中設為620℃、3小時、急冷(水冷),於比較例1~4中將冷卻條件設為緩冷(空冷),於比較例5、6中設為未進行熱處理。又,伸線後之調質熱處理條件係將標準條件設為270±10℃之範圍、10秒,對於本發明例No.19、20(被覆層之厚度厚於本發明之較佳範圍),為了調整結晶<111>方位比率,將調質熱處理條件設為溫度低於標準條件。
製成之接合線之被覆層之厚度係藉由ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma,感應耦合電漿)分析測定平均膜厚。將被覆層之金屬種類與厚度分別記載於表1。
結晶<111>方位比率(於垂直於線長度方向之剖面中,結晶<111>方位與線長度方向之角度差為15°以內之結晶之方位比率)之測定係於垂直於接合線長度方向之剖面進行藉由EBSD進行之測定,利用附屬於裝置之解析軟體,藉此按照上述程序算出結晶<111>方位比率。
線之表面粗糙度Rz係基於JIS B 0601-2001之規定利用非接觸之超深度形狀測定顯微鏡來作為線的長度方向之粗糙度進行評估。
模具磨耗之評估係藉由測定線之線徑之增大量而進行。於將特定之長度之線伸線後測定線之線徑,確認線徑較目標線徑增大何種程度,按照線徑增大之程度由大到小之順序評估為◎、○、△。
接合線之連接使用市售之楔形接合機。評估用樣品使用於銅基板上安裝SiC晶片而成者。於SiC晶片上,預先自SiC晶片側蒸鍍形成鈦、鎳、鋁,分別將厚度設為0.1、2、4 μm。
藉由楔形接合性評估接合線之接合性。具體而言,對剪切強度進行評估。對於剪切強度,沿垂直於線之方向對楔形接合之狀態之接合線施加剪切應變,記錄直至斷裂前之最大強度。若為初始接合強度之95%以上,則設為◎,若為90%~95%,則設為○,若為70%~90%,則設為△,均設為合格。將未達70%設為不合格。
藉由功率循環試驗進行高溫長時間歷程。功率循環試驗係對接合有Al接合線之半導體裝置反覆進行加熱與冷卻。加熱係花費2秒加熱至半導體裝置中之接合線之接合部之溫度成為140℃,此後,花費5秒冷卻至接合部之溫度成為30℃。將該加熱、冷卻之循環反覆進行20萬次。 於經過上述高溫長時間後,測定第1接合部之接合剪切強度,進行接合部可靠性之評估。剪切強度測定係作為與接合部之初始剪切強度之比較而進行。將初始接合強度之95%以上設為◎,將90%~95%設為○,將70%~90%設為△,將未達70%設為×而記載於表1之「可靠性試驗」欄。將◎與○設為合格,除此之外設為不合格。
[表1]
   No. 線規格 線結晶組織 線品質 備註 (熱處理條件)
線徑 (μm) 被覆層之厚度 (nm) <111>方位比率 (%) 表面粗糙度Rz (μm) 模具磨耗 接合性 可靠性試驗
Ag Au
本 發 明 例 1 50 10 0 33 1.5   
2 50 5 0 50 1.8   
3 50 1 0 86 1.1   
4 50 0 10 31 1.7   
5 50 0 5 53 1.1   
6 50 0 1 90 1.3   
7 200 40 0 32 1.8   
8 200 20 0 51 1.0   
9 200 1 0 89 1.7   
10 200 0 40 31 1.7   
11 200 0 20 52 1.3   
12 200 0 1 87 1.8   
13 600 100 0 32 1.4   
14 600 50 0 52 1.7   
15 600 1 0 88 1.6   
16 600 0 100 33 1.8   
17 600 0 50 51 1.1   
18 600 0 1 86 1.9   
19 200 120 0 32 1.5 調質熱處理低溫
20 200 0 120 34 1.7 同上
21 200 0.5 0 88 2.3   
22 200 0 0.5 79 2.5   
比 較 例 1 200 120 0 29 1.5 伸線中熱處理後緩冷
2 200 0 120 28 1.7 同上
3 200 100 0 26 1.2 × 同上
4 200 0 100 27 1.4 × 同上
5 200 1 0 93 1.8 × 無伸線中熱處理
6 200 0 1 91 1.9 × 同上
將結果示於表1。對偏離本發明範圍之數值標註有下劃線。
本發明例No.1~22係結晶<111>方位比率均處於本發明範圍內,模具磨耗、接合性、可靠性試驗均為良好之結果。本發明例No.1~18特別是被覆層之厚度處於本發明之較佳範圍內,可靠性試驗均良好。進而,本發明例No.2、5、8、11、14、17係被覆層之厚度與結晶<111>方位比率處於更佳之範圍內,模具磨耗、接合性、可靠性試驗均能夠獲得◎之評估。 本發明例No.19、20係被覆層之厚度厚於本發明之較佳條件,將調質熱處理設為溫度低於標準條件而將結晶<111>方位比率設為本發明範圍內,但接合性評估結果為△。 對於被覆層之厚度低於較佳下限之No.21、22,模具磨耗、表面性狀與接合性之評估結果為△。
比較例No.1、2係被覆層之厚度厚於本發明之較佳條件,將調質熱處理仍設為標準條件,故而結晶<111>方位比率偏離本發明範圍之下限,可靠性試驗結果為△(不合格),並且接合性為△。 比較例No.3、4係將伸線中之熱處理後之冷卻條件設為緩冷(空冷),故而結晶<111>方位比率偏離本發明範圍之下限,可靠性試驗結果為×,並且模具磨耗、接合性均為△。 比較例No.5、6未進行伸線中之熱處理,故而結晶<111>方位比率偏離本發明範圍之上限,可靠性試驗結果為×,並且模具磨耗、接合性之評估結果均為△。

Claims (4)

  1. 一種接合線,其特徵在於具有:包含Al或Al合金之芯線、及於該芯線之外周之包含Ag、Au或含有其等之合金的被覆層,於對與線軸為垂直方向之芯材剖面測定結晶方位之結果中,線長度方向之結晶方位中之相對於線長度方向之角度差為15°以下之結晶方位<111>的方位比率為30~90%。
  2. 如請求項1之接合線,其中線之表面粗糙度Rz為2 μm以下。
  3. 如請求項1之接合線,其中上述被覆層之厚度為1~100 nm。
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項之接合線,其中線之線徑為50~600 μm。
TW109108188A 2019-03-13 2020-03-12 接合線 TWI853006B (zh)

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