TW202033222A - 作為新穎藥物遞送平台之基於大分子前藥之熱敏性可注射凝膠 - Google Patents
作為新穎藥物遞送平台之基於大分子前藥之熱敏性可注射凝膠 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申請案揭示了包含藥物分子與水溶性聚合載劑之結合物的基於前藥之熱敏性凝膠(「ProGel」),其能夠受控制地釋放藥物分子至個體之組織中。亦揭示了ProGel-藥物結合物用於治療各種疾病或病症之用途及製備其之方法。
Description
本發明係關於一種作為前藥之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其可溶於水且可在高溫下形成水凝膠以使得原料藥可以受控制地方式局部釋放。
關節炎為包括超過100種不同形式之關節炎及相關疾病之關節病理學病狀。發炎性關節炎及骨關節炎為關節炎之兩種最常見形式。類風濕性關節炎(RA)為發炎性關節炎之原型形式,其影響1-2%世界人口。儘管RA療法已有重大進展,但患者仍繼續經受顯著疼痛、功能限制及失能。骨關節炎(OA)為關節炎之最常見形式,其在美國影響超過2500萬個體,且約27%患有OA之成人有嚴重關節疼痛(Barbour, K.E.等人, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2017.66
(9): 第246頁)。與關節炎相關之疼痛及活動限制為在關節炎患者中工作失能、睡眠障礙、抑鬱及焦慮之關鍵促成因素(Sharma, A.等人, Open Access Rheumatology: research and reviews, 2016.8
: 第103頁)。疼痛可為慢性的或可隨機械負載或運動而起始(Glyn-Jones, S.等人, The Lancet, 2015.386
(9991): 第376-387頁;Malfait, A.-M.及Schnitzer, T.J., Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 2013.9
(11): 第654頁)。在膝蓋中,疼痛可來源於多個來源,包括滑膜及脂肪墊發炎、半月板擠壓及退化及韌帶及囊病變,在該等來源中存在大量疼痛感受器以將信號傳輸至脊髓之背根神經節(McDougall, J.J.等人,.
The Anatomical Record: An Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists, 1997.248
(1): 第29-39頁)。新證據表明,軟骨下神經分佈(subchondral innervation)亦可促成關節炎疼痛(Goldring, S.R.及Goldring, M.B., Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 2016.12
(11): 第632頁;Zhu, S.等人, The Journal of clinical investigation, 2019.129
(3))。發炎性細胞介素及趨化細胞素(Richter, F.等人, Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2010.62
(12): 第3806-3814頁;Brenn, D., F. Richter及H.G. Schaible, Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2007.56
(1): 第351-359頁;Richter, F.等人, Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2012.64
(12): 第4125-4134頁)、神經肽(Woolf, C.J.等人, Neuroscience, 1994.62
(2): 第327-331頁)及前列腺素為介導關節炎疼痛之生物化學環境之組分(Miller, R.J.等人, 2009, 417-449)。關節炎為美國成人中失能之主要原因(Barbour, K.E.等人, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 2017.66
(9): 第246頁)。據估計,每年由於關節炎而損失1.809億個工作日。在2014年,估計診斷患有關節炎及關節疼痛之人之總醫療成本為6268億美元。當前,不存在已顯示治癒關節炎之各種形式中之任一者的經批准療法,且對於靶向受影響之關節之新療法或藥物遞送系統仍存在重大未滿足的需求,該等新穎療法或藥物遞送系統可減少引起功能缺失及失能之疼痛及發炎。
就OA而言,當前建議之關節疼痛及發炎治療包括經口非類固醇消炎藥(NSAID)、關節內(IA)注射糖皮質激素(GC)、辣椒鹼(capsaicin)或度洛西汀(duloxetine)。NSAID發揮其消炎及鎮痛作用之機制可歸因於前列腺素產生酶、環加氧酶(COX)之抑制。儘管仍無GC如何減少關節炎關節疼痛之全面解釋,但大量證據表明,IA投與GC提供緩解疼痛及發炎之有效短期策略。當前可用之GC之相對較短作用持續時間、重複注射之需要及GC相關不良副作用為其臨床效用及功效之主要侷限性。(Fraioli, A.等人, BioMed Research International, 2018)。
大分子前藥,尤其基於N
-(2-羥丙基)-甲基丙烯醯胺(HPMA)共聚物之彼等大分子前藥已廣泛用於遞送用於治療癌症之化學治療劑。(Duncan, R., Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2003,2
(5), 347)。許多所開發之前藥已經評價,其中若干種已批准用於臨床用途(Ekladious, I.等人, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2019,18
(4), 273-294)。大多數此等前藥為合成水溶性大分子,其全身性投與以受益於增強滲透及滯留(Enhanced Permeability and Retention,EPR)效應,以用於被動腫瘤靶向(Fang, J.等人, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2011,63
(3), 136-151;Maeda, H., Advances in Enzyme Regulation, 2001,41
(1), 189-207)。在發炎性疾病之情況下,吾人已展示,吾人此前開發之大分子前藥,經由吾人稱為「經由滲漏血管結構之外滲及發炎性細胞介導之隔離
」(Extravasation through Leaky Vasculature and Inflammatory cell-mediated Sequestration
,ELVIS)之機制,被動靶向至關節發炎部位,引起持久之消炎及疾病改善效應,並且毒性大大降低(Liu, X.-M.等人, Pharmaceutical Research, 2008,25
(12), 2910-2919;Ren, K.K., Clinical immunology,160
(1), 71-81;Quan, L.-D.等人, Arthritis Research & Therapy, 2010,12
(5), R170;Yuan, F.等人, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2012,64
(12), 1205-1219;Ren, K.等人, Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2011,8
(4), 1043-1051)。
傳統上,水溶性聚合藥物結合物(或大分子前藥)在癌症及發炎性疾病之治療中廣泛用於靜脈內輸注(Kopeček, J.等人, Journal of Controlled Release, 2001,74
(1-3), 147-158;Sirova, M.等人, Pharmaceutical Research, 2010,27
(1), 第200頁)。已利用HPMA共聚物作為水溶性藥物載劑以全身性遞送疏水性化合物幾十年。歸因於淋巴引流(lymphatic drainage) (其將最終使前藥返回至全身循環)之存在,此等藥物結合物尚未廣泛地作為用於持續局部療法之藥物積存物來進行研究。分子量之顯著增加可延遲前藥自注射部位排出,但亦顯著增加其血清半衰期且阻礙腎清除,從而引起前藥之廣泛脫靶分佈及相關毒性。因此,需要新穎藥物遞送系統來克服此等問題。
本發明提供一種新穎藥物遞送系統,以使用新穎ProGel技術來滿足上述需求且解決目前可用之糖皮質激素之關節內注射之侷限性,從而更有效且安全地管理尤其關節炎疼痛及發炎。
在一個態樣中,本發明提供一種熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其包含共價鍵結於水溶性聚合物載劑之疏水性藥物分子部分,其中聚合物-藥物結合物在第一溫度下可溶於水,且可在高於該第一溫度之第二溫度下形成前藥水凝膠(ProGel),其中聚合物-藥物結合物具有取決於選自由以下組成之群的條件之相轉移圖:藥物分子部分之含量、聚合物載劑之構築、聚合物載劑之分子量及結合物之濃度,及其組合。
在一些實施例中,熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物中之聚合物載劑包含複數個重複單元(A)及複數個重複單元(B)以形成聚合物主鏈,該等重複單元(A)及(B)之側鏈附接至該聚合物主鏈:,
其中:
R1
及R2
獨立地為H、甲基或鹵素;
R3
為經一個、兩個或三個OH基團取代之C1-C8烷基;
X為藥物分子或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之部分;
L為經由Y使該藥物分子部分X共價連接至該聚合物主鏈之連接基團;
Y為官能基,其與該藥物分子部分X之一部分或該連接基團部分L之一部分一起形成酸不穩定官能基,該酸不穩定官能基可在生理或病理條件下水解以釋放該藥物分子;
及
Z為NH或O。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種醫藥組合物,其包含根據本文所揭示之任何實施例的熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物及一或多種醫藥學上可接受之載劑及賦形劑。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種治療疾病或病症之方法,其包含向需要治療之個體投與治療有效量之根據本文所揭示之任何實施例的熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物或其醫藥組合物,其中該疾病或病症在適用時為類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎、軟組織(例如肌腱、韌帶、滑液囊)發炎及/或損傷、牙周骨質流失、局部感染及組織膿腫、延遲骨折癒合、神經病症(例如創傷性腦損傷、帕金森氏病(Parkinson's disease)等)、惡性腫瘤(例如肝、肺、腦腫瘤或癌轉移等)、局部疼痛(例如顳頜關節疼痛、牙痛、背痛、手術後疼痛等)、聽覺損失、缺血性心臟病、異位骨化、整形外科關節植入物鬆動、生殖功能障礙、高風險妊娠之激素投藥或皮膚衰老。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種治療疾病或病症之方法,其包含向需要治療之個體投與治療有效量之根據本文所揭示之任何實施例的兩種或更多種ProGel-藥物結合物,或其醫藥組合物,以便達成協同效應,其中兩種或更多種ProGel-藥物結合物視情況組合成一種注射配方。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供根據本文所揭示之任何實施例的熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物之用途,其用於製造用於治療疾病或病症之藥劑(例如基於熱感應凝膠之藥物遞送調配物)
在另一態樣中,本發明提供製備熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物之方法。
在許多其他益處中,使用本發明之藥物釋放更精確地受到控制。藥物自習知熱感應水凝膠遞送系統之釋放主要係經由表面侵蝕、擴散或兩者之組合。在ProGel之情況下,在聚合前藥自ProGel表面釋放之後,母體藥物經由局部病理生理學因素(例如低pH值、高酶活性)自聚合前藥釋放。母體藥物亦可在前藥經具有高吞噬細胞潛力之細胞(例如,發炎性細胞)內化之後自聚合前藥釋放。內化之後,前藥螯合於細胞內溶酶體區室中,其後母體藥物經由溶酶體因素(例如低pH值、還原環境、高酶活性)釋放。自ProGel釋放且自局部活化過程逃逸之聚合前藥可經由淋巴系統快速排出且返回至循環,該聚合前藥經由腎快速自循環清除。
鑒於以下實施方式、實例及申請專利範圍,本發明之其他態樣及優勢對於一般技術者將更加顯而易見。
相關申請案之交叉參考
本申請案根據35 U.S.C. § 119(e)主張2018年10月26日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第62/751,119號之優先權,其揭示內容以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
聯邦政府獎助研究或開發之聲明
本發明係在政府支持下,在由美國國立衛生研究院(the United States National Institutes of Health)授予之批准號R01 AI119090下進行。美國政府享有本發明之某些權利。
本發明係基於具有高Dex含量之N
-(2-羥丙基)甲基丙烯醯胺(HPMA)共聚物-地塞米松(dexamethasone,Dex)結合物之熱感應特性之意外發現所作出。
具體言之,當HPMA共聚物-Dex結合物中之地塞米松(Dex)含量提高至異常之高水準(≥19重量%)且聚合前藥濃度維持等於或大於12.5 w/v%時,水溶性聚合前藥展現熱感應相轉移行為。其在低於12℃下為自由流動水性溶液,但當溫度升高至高於28℃時形成水凝膠。儘管先前已描述具有熱感應特性之多種聚合物,但此為熱感應且在高溫下形成水凝膠之水溶性聚合前藥設計之第一個實例。(參見Ruel-Gariépy, E.及J.-C. Leroux, European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2004.58
(2): 第409-426頁;Jeong, B.等人, Journal of Controlled Release, 2000.63
(1): 第155-163頁;Jeong, B., S等人, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2012.64
: 第154-162頁)。為了與先前用於描述全身性投與之HPMA共聚物-Dex結合物之P-Dex (Dex含量≤10重量%)之命名法區分開來,此處將局部投與之具有異常高Dex含量(≥19重量%)之新穎HPMA共聚物-Dex結合物命名為「Dex
之基於前
藥之水凝膠 (Pro
drug-based hydrogel
forDex)
」或「ProGel-Dex
」。相應地命名其他ProGel-藥物結合物。
在一個態樣中,本發明提供一種熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其包含共價鍵結於水溶性聚合物載劑之疏水性藥物分子部分,其中聚合物-藥物結合物在第一溫度下可溶於水,且可在高於該第一溫度之第二溫度下形成前藥水凝膠(ProGel),其中聚合物-藥物結合物具有取決於選自由以下組成之群的條件之相轉移圖:藥物分子部分之含量、聚合物載劑之構築、聚合物載劑之分子量及結合物之濃度,及其組合。
在一些實施例中,熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物中之聚合物載劑為合成不可降解聚合物,其選自由以下組成之群:N-(2-羥丙基)-甲基丙烯醯胺(HPMA)共聚物、聚乙二醇、聚噁唑啉及水溶性共聚物,其包含一或多種選自由以下組成之群之單體:N-(2-羥丙基)甲基丙烯醯胺、N-異丙基丙烯醯胺、丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺、N-乙烯吡咯啶酮、乙酸乙烯酯、2-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基葡糖苷、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基膦酸、苯乙烯磺酸、順丁烯二酸、氯化2-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基三甲基銨、氯化甲基丙烯醯胺基丙基三甲基銨、甲基丙烯醯膽鹼甲基硫酸酯、N-羥甲基丙烯醯胺、氯化2-羥基-3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲基銨、溴化2-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基三甲基銨、溴化2-乙烯基-1-甲基吡啶鎓、溴化4-乙烯基-1-甲基吡啶鎓、伸乙亞胺、(N-乙醯基)伸乙亞胺、(N-羥乙基)伸乙亞胺、烯丙胺及其組合。
在一些實施例中,熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物中之聚合物載劑為可生物降解聚合物,其選自由以下組成之群:聚葡萄胺糖、玻尿酸、聚麩胺酸、聚天冬胺酸、聚葡萄糖、澱粉、海藻酸酯、明膠、三仙膠、果膠、角叉菜膠、瓜爾膠、纖維素醚(例如羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC)、羥丙基纖維素(HPC)、羥乙基纖維素(HEC)及羧甲基纖維素鈉(Na-CMC))。
在一些實施例中,熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物中之聚合物載劑有時較佳為包含N-(2-羥丙基)甲基丙烯醯胺單體單元之共聚物。
在一些實施例中,熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物中之聚合物載劑包含複數個重複單元(A)及複數個重複單元(B)以形成聚合物主鏈,該等重複單元(A)及(B)之側鏈附接至該聚合物主鏈:,
其中:
R1
及R2
獨立地為H、甲基或鹵素;
R3
為經一個、兩個或三個OH基團取代之C1-C8烷基;
X為藥物分子或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之部分;
L為經由Y使該藥物分子部分X共價連接至該聚合物主鏈之連接基團;
Y為官能基,其與該藥物分子部分X之一部分或該連接基團部分L之一部分一起形成酸不穩定官能基,該酸不穩定官能基可在生理條件下水解以釋放該藥物分子;
及
Z為NH或O。
在一些實施例中,在熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物中之聚合物載劑之重複單元(A)及重複單元(B)中:
R1
及R2
各自為H或甲基;
R3
為經一個或兩個OH基團取代之C2-C5烷基;
L為-[NH(CH2)iC(O)]j-、-NH(CH2)k-、-NH(CH2)k-T-(CH2)p-、-NH(CH2)kNHC(O)-、-NH(CH2)kNH-(CH2)p-T-(CH2)q-C(O)-或-NH(CH2)kNHC(O)-(CH2)p-T-(CH2)q-C(O)-,其中T為C6-C10伸芳基、C3-C8伸環烷基、5至10員伸雜芳基或5至10員伸雜環烷基,其中i為選自1至6之整數;j為選自1至4之整數;k為選自1至10之整數;p為0、1、2或3;且q為0、1、2或3;
Y為O、NH或NH-N= (其中「=」為雙鍵);及
Z為NH。
在一些實施例中,在聚合物載劑中之重複單元(B)之連接基團L中:
i為1或2;
i為1、2或3;
k為選自1至6之整數
p為0、1或2;
q為0、1或2。
在一些實施例中,在熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物中之聚合物載劑之重複單元(B)中::
L為-[NHCH2C(O)]j-、-NH(CH2)k、-NH(CH2)k-T-CH2-或-NH(CH2)kNHC(O)-T-C(O)-,其中T在每次出現時獨立地為C6-C10伸芳基或5至10員伸雜芳基;j為2或3;且k為2、3或4。
在一些實施例中,有時較佳地,在熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物中之聚合物載劑之重複單元(A)及重複單元(B)中:
R1
及R2
各自為甲基;
R3
為-CH2CH(OH)CH3;
L為-NHCH2C(O)NHCH2C(O)-、-NH(CH2)3-、或;
Y為O、NH或NH-N=;及
Z為NH。
在一些實施例中,在熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物中,藥物分子係選自由以下組成之群:糖皮質激素(例如皮質醇或氫皮質酮、皮質酮、潑尼松(prednisone)、潑尼龍(prednisolone)、甲基潑尼龍(methylprednisolone)、倍他米松(betamethasone)、曲安西龍(triamcinolone)、氟氫皮質酮乙酸酯等)、非類固醇消炎藥(NSAID) (例如阿司匹靈(Aspirin)、布洛芬(Ibuprofen)、吲哚美辛(Indomethacin)、吡羅昔康(Piroxicam)、甲芬那酸(Mefenamic acid)、羅美昔布(Lumiracoxib)、利克飛龍(Licofelone)、青藤鹼(Sinomenine)等)、鎮痛劑(例如氫嗎啡酮(hydromorphone)、羥考酮(oxycodone)、青藤鹼、辣椒鹼(capsaicin)、樹脂毒素(resiniferatoxin)等)、骨合成代謝劑(例如GSK抑制劑、丹參酮IIA (tanshinone IIA)、士他汀(statin)、前列腺素E1、E2及前列腺素EP受體促效劑等)、抗氧化劑(例如丹參酮IIA、薑黃素、維生素E、芹菜素(apigenin)等)、抗癌劑(例如太平洋紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、喜樹鹼(camptothecin)、歐洲紫杉醇(docetexal)、小紅莓(doxorubicin)、激酶路徑抑制劑(例如細胞質酪胺酸激酶)、甲胺喋呤等)、激素(例如睪固酮、雌二醇、孕酮等)及抗生素(例如氟喹諾酮、巨環內酯、頭孢菌素及共有抗氧化劑及抗菌活性之芹菜素等)。
在一些實施例中,有時較佳地,在熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物中,藥物分子係選自由以下組成之群:地塞米松、丹參酮IIA、孕酮、雌二醇、薑黃素、氫嗎啡酮、青藤鹼及芹菜素。
在一些實施例中,有時較佳地,在熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物中之聚合物載劑之重複單元(A)及重複單元(B)中:
該重複單元(A)為具有下式之結構的N-(2-羥丙基)甲基丙烯醯胺單體:;及
該重複單元(B)具有選自由以下組成之群的結構: 。
在一些實施例中,有時較佳地,在熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物中,複數個重複單元(A)為n,且複數個重複單元(B)為m;且聚合物-藥物結合物具有選自由以下組成之群的式: ,
其中n及m分別指示該聚合物-藥物結合物中該等重複單元(A)及(B)之總數;且其中該等重複單元(A)及該等重複單元(B)以任何次序配置,以使得該聚合物-藥物結合物維持熱感應特性。
在一些實施例中,有時較佳地,熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物為聚合物-地塞米松結合物(ProGel-Dex),其中Dex含量在約15至40重量%範圍內,ProGel-Dex濃度在約10至50 w/v%範圍內,且ProGel-Dex分子量在約1至45 kDa範圍內。
在一些實施例中,有時較佳地,熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物為聚合物-丹參酮IIA結合物(ProGel-Tan),其中ProGel-Tan包含約12至40重量%範圍內之丹參酮IIA;其中ProGel-Tan濃度在約10至50 w/v%範圍內;且ProGel-Tan分子量在約1至45 kDa範圍內。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種醫藥組合物,其包含根據本文所揭示之任何實施例的熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物及一或多種醫藥學上可接受之載劑及賦形劑。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種治療疾病或病症之方法,其包含向需要治療之個體投與治療有效量之根據本文所揭示之任何實施例的熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物或其醫藥組合物,其中該疾病或病症在適用時為類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎、軟組織(例如肌腱、韌帶、滑液囊)發炎及/或損傷、牙周骨質流失、局部感染及組織膿腫、延遲骨折癒合、神經病症(例如創傷性腦損傷、帕金森氏病等)、惡性腫瘤(例如肝、肺、腦腫瘤或癌轉移等)、局部疼痛(例如顳頜關節疼痛、牙痛、背痛、手術後疼痛等)、聽覺損失、缺血性心臟病、異位骨化、整形外科關節植入物鬆動、生殖功能障礙、高風險妊娠之激素投藥或皮膚衰老。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種治療疾病或病症之方法,其包含向需要治療之個體投與治療有效量之根據本文所揭示之任何實施例的兩種或更多種ProGel-藥物結合物,或其醫藥組合物,以便達成協同效應,其中兩種或更多種ProGel-藥物結合物視情況組合成一種注射配方。
在一個實施例中,ProGel-藥物結合物係選自由以下組成之群:ProGel-抗生素、ProGel-消炎劑及ProGel-骨合成代謝劑,且其組合在一起成為用於治療牙周炎及相關骨質流失之單一ProGel調配物。
在另一實施例中,ProGel-藥物結合物為組合成一種用於治療疼痛,諸如背痛等之單一ProGel調配物的ProGel-類鴉片及ProGel-消炎劑。
在另一實施例中,一或多種ProGel-藥物結合物係經由關節內、皮內、腹膜內、肌肉內、玻璃體內、陰道內、顱內、硬膜外、心內或肌肉骨胳軟組織(例如肌腱、韌帶、滑液囊)投與,其中ProGel之負載保留在組織部位,例如皮下組織處以緩慢釋放活性藥物。
在另一實施例中,一或多種ProGel-藥物結合物係調配成可施用至開放傷口或手術區域,或施用至例如濕疹、牛皮癬等之發炎部位之發炎皮膚的噴霧。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供根據本文所揭示之任何實施例的熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物之用途,其用於製造用於治療選自由以下組成之群的疾病或病症之藥劑(例如基於熱感應凝膠之藥物遞送調配物):類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎、軟組織(例如肌腱、韌帶、滑液囊)發炎及/或損傷、牙周骨質流失、局部感染及組織膿腫、延遲骨折癒合、神經病症(例如創傷性腦損傷、帕金森氏病等)、惡性腫瘤(例如肝、肺、腦腫瘤或癌轉移等)、局部疼痛(例如顳頜關節疼痛、牙痛、背痛、手術後疼痛等)、聽覺損失、缺血性心臟病、異位骨化、整形外科關節植入物鬆動、生殖功能障礙、高風險妊娠之激素投藥及皮膚衰老等。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種合成熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物之方法,其包含以下步驟:(a)經由連接基團使單體與藥物分子共價偶合;及(b)使步驟(a)之單體與包含極性官能基之第二單體共聚合以形成聚合物-藥物結合物。
在另一態樣中,本發明提供一種合成熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物之方法,其包含以下步驟:(a')使包含極性官能基之單體與包含連接基團部分之第二單體共聚合以形成共聚物;及(b')經由連接基團使共聚物與藥物分子反應以形成聚合物-藥物結合物。
在一些實施例中,製備聚合物-藥物結合物ProGel-Dex之方法包含以下步驟:(a)使OH受保護之地塞米松衍生物與肼反應以形成地塞米松腙衍生物;(b)使步驟(a)之地塞米松衍生物與N-甲基丙烯基-二甘胺酸反應以形成具有MA-Gly-Gly-NHN=Dex之式的單體-Dex結合物;及(c)使單體-Dex結合物與包含一或多種極性官能基之第二單體共聚合,以使得共聚物-Dex結合物具有熱感應特性。
在一些實施例中,本發明提供製備如實質上所描述及展示之根據任何實施例的熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物之方法。
除非特別定義,否則本申請案中之任何術語將採用如由一般技術者所理解之一般含義。
如本文所用,除非上下文另外明確指示,否則單數形式「一(a)」、「一(an)」及「該」包括複數個參考物,且反之亦然。
除非另外說明,否則本說明書及申請專利範圍中所用之術語具有下文所描述之含義。
「烷基」係指包括C1
-C12
直鏈及分支鏈基團之飽和脂族烴基。較佳地,烷基為具有1至8個、有時更佳1至6個、有時甚至更佳1至4個碳原子之烷基。代表性實例包括(但不限於)甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、正戊基或其類似物。
「伸烷基」係指二價烷基。實例包括亞甲基(-CH2
-)、伸乙基(-CH2
CH2
-)或其類似物。
「芳基」係指具有完全共軛π電子系統之全碳單環或多環稠環。較佳地,芳基含有6至10個碳,諸如苯基及萘基,且更佳地苯基。
「伸芳基」係指二價芳基,例如1,4-伸苯基、1,2-伸苯基。
「環烷基」係指具有3至8個碳原子,較佳3至6個碳原子之飽和單環烴基。單環環烷基之代表性實例包括(但不限於)環丙基、環丁基、環戊基及環己基或其類似物。
「伸環烷基」係指二價環烷基,例如1,4-伸環己基、1,2-伸環丙基或其類似物。
「鹵素」係指氟、氯、溴或碘原子,有時較佳氯或氟,且有時更佳氯。
「雜環基」係指3至10員飽和及/或部分不飽和單環或多環烴基,其具有一或多個選自由N、O及S(O)m (其中m為0、1或2)組成之群之雜原子作為環原子,但在環中不包括-O-O-、-O-S-或-S-S-,剩餘環原子為C。較佳地,雜環基為5至10員,具有1至3個雜原子;更佳5至6員,具有1至2個雜原子。單環雜環基之代表性實例包括(但不限於)吡咯啶基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、嗎啉基或其類似物。
「伸雜環基」係指二價雜環基,其具有兩個共價鍵結至分子中之其他基團的不同環碳原子。
「雜芳基」係指具有1至3個選自由O、S及N組成之群之雜原子作為環原子,且具有5至10個環原子,較佳為5或6員之芳基系統,例如噻二唑基、吡唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、噻唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、吡咯基、N-烷基吡咯基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、咪唑基、四唑基或其類似物。
「伸雜芳基」係指二價雜芳基,其具有兩個共價鍵結至分子中之其他基團的不同環碳原子。
「醫藥組合物」係指本發明中所描述之化合物中之一或多者與諸如生理學上/醫藥學上可接受之載劑及賦形劑之其他化學組分的混合物。醫藥組合物之目的為促進向生物體投與化合物,其有利於活性成分之吸收且因此顯示生物活性。
在熱感應ProGel-藥物結合物中,藥物部分可以游離酸、游離鹼或「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」形式存在。
「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」係指本發明之化合物之鹽,此類鹽在用於哺乳動物時為安全且有效的且具有相應之生物活性。通常用於形成醫藥學上可接受之鹽之酸包括無機酸,諸如鹽酸、氫溴酸、氫碘酸、硫酸、磷酸、二硫化氫;以及有機酸,諸如對甲苯磺酸、水楊酸、酒石酸、雙酒石酸、抗壞血酸、順丁烯二酸、苯磺酸、反丁烯二酸、葡糖酸、葡糖醛酸、甲酸、麩胺酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、乳酸、草酸、對溴苯磺酸、碳酸、丁二酸、檸檬酸、苯甲酸、乙酸;及相關無機及有機酸。
醫藥學上可接受之鹽之陽離子包括(但不限於)鋰、鈉、鉀、鈣、鎂及鋁;以及無毒性四級胺陽離子,諸如銨、四甲銨、四乙銨、甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、二乙胺、乙胺、三丁胺、吡啶、N,N-二甲基苯胺、N-甲基哌啶及N-甲基嗎啉。
如本文所用,術語「治療有效量」係指足以展示有意義之患者益處之各活性組分之總量。當應用於單獨投藥之個別活性成分時,術語僅指該成分。當應用於組合時,術語係指無論連續或同時以組合方式投與皆產生治療效果的活性成分之組合量。
如本文所用,術語「醫藥學上可接受」係指在合理醫療判斷之範疇內,滿足合理的益處/風險比之適用於與患者之組織接觸而無過量毒性、刺激、過敏反應或其他問題或併發症,且對其預期用途有效的彼等化合物、材料、組合物及/或劑型。
術語「個體」或「患者」包括人類及其他哺乳動物兩者,尤其家畜,例如狗、貓、馬或其類似物。
術語「治療」係指:(i)抑制疾病、病症或病狀,亦即遏制其發展;及(ii)緩解疾病、病症或病狀,亦即使得疾病、病症及/或病狀消退。此外,本發明之化合物可用於其預防性作用,其用於預防疾病、病症或病狀出現在可能易患疾病、病症及/或病狀,但尚未診斷為患病的個體中。
熟習此項技術者應熟知,藥物之劑量視多種因素而定,該等因素包括(但不限於)以下因素:特定化合物之活性;患者之年齡、重量、一般健康、狀態、飲食;投與時間;投與途徑;排泄速率;藥物組合及其類似物。
如本文所用,術語「約」一般包括指示數目之至多加或減10%。舉例而言,「約10%」可指示9%至11%之範圍,且「約20」可意謂18至22。有時較佳地,術語「約」包括指示值之至多加或減5%。
如本文中所揭示,提供多個數值範圍。應瞭解,除非上下文另外明確指示,否則亦特別揭示在彼範圍上限與下限之間的各插入值,精確至下限單位之十分位。
ProGel技術為可遞送多種類別之藥物的平台技術。除Dex以外,吾人已合成熱感應HPMA共聚物-抗氧化劑(亦即,薑黃素及丹參酮)結合物(ProGel-薑黃素、ProGel-Tan)、HPMA共聚物-激素(亦即,孕酮及雌激素)結合物(ProGel-Pro、ProGel-雌激素)、HPMA共聚物-抗微生物劑/抗氧化劑(亦即,芹菜素)結合物(ProGel-芹菜素基)及HPMA共聚物類鴉片(亦即,氫嗎啡酮) (ProGel-HMP)。此等聚合前藥皆展示在高溫下形成水凝膠之熱感應功能。在具有不同藥物組成之ProGel之製備中,除使用中性HPMA共聚物作為藥物載劑以外,帶正電聚葡萄胺糖及帶負電玻尿酸亦可充當親水性聚合物載劑。
與其他熱敏性水凝膠相比,ProGel提供各種額外優勢。ProGel平台最佳適合於藥物負載能力之修飾。根據下文展示之ProGel-Dex之相轉移圖,ProGel可在廣泛範圍之藥物負載及聚合前藥濃度下形成。特別言之,因為ProGel之熱感應功能係基於疏水性藥物分子之共價引入,所以ProGel藥物負載能力較高。舉例而言,ProGel-Dex調配物可具有約50 mg/mL Dex含量。此能力擴寬了在有限注射空間之情況下水凝膠用於局部注射之效用。如下文所示,臨床前資料展示60 µL ProGel-Dex保留在關節炎大鼠之滑液腔中1個月。
相比於習知水溶性聚合前藥,ProGel技術在其靶向特異性方面亦為有利的。對於全身性投與之聚合前藥,其對於實體腫瘤及發炎部位之被動靶向分別由公認EPR及ELVIS機制管理。需要高分子量來實現高血清半衰期及對於病理學部位之更顯著被動靶向。此所需高分子量之結果為前藥對於單核吞噬細胞系統(MPS)之脫靶分佈。在ProGel之情況下,前藥之分佈僅由注射位置來確定,且前藥之持續局部存在係因為ProGel形成實體上保留在注射部位之凝膠的能力。歸因於熱感應凝膠形成,甚至具有極低分子量之聚合前藥亦可在注射部位保持延長之時間。如光學成像資料中所示,一旦自ProGel釋放,低分子量聚合前藥(約5 kDa)經由腎快速清除而無MPS螯合作用。
已將基於水溶性聚合物(例如HPMA共聚物、PEG、聚葡萄胺糖、玻尿酸等)之大分子前藥作為奈米藥物廣泛使用,以改良許多不同疾病(包括癌症及發炎性病變)之治療。其提供以下優點:改良母體藥物之水溶性、對於腫瘤及/或發炎之被動靶向、在循環中之穩定性及延長半衰期,以及定點及病理生理學因素驅動之藥物活化。
此等前藥之所有先前效用係呈待以靜脈內、皮下、腹膜內或肌肉內注射形式投與之常規液體調配物形式。其經設計為全身性投藥。因此,此等聚合前藥必須具有高度水溶性。微胞化及聚集之存在可干擾前藥活化。在注射部位處沈澱或膠凝對於其預期全身性施用為非所要的。就吾人所知而言,尚未有關於此等聚合前藥在高溫下膠凝之任何報導。此係因為此等前藥之疏水性藥物含量始終維持在相對較低水準,以便達成良好水溶性。舉例而言,對於作為治療發炎性關節炎之全身性療法研發的原始HPMA共聚物-地塞米松結合物(P-Dex),Dex含量始終保持在小於12莫耳%以提供良好水溶性,且避免分子內/間微胞化或聚集。
對於新發明之基於大分子前藥之熱敏性可注射凝膠或ProGel,其預期應用為用於局部治療性干預。此等前藥之通用化學結構類似於由相同共聚單體組成之常規水溶性聚合前藥。但熱敏性凝膠前藥之疏水性藥物含量必須增加以產生適當兩親媒性特性,其將產生在低溫下前藥之良好水溶性且使得其在高溫下相轉移為水凝膠。如以下實例圖2中所示,對於HPMA共聚物-地塞米松結合物,吾人發現當Dex含量介於17至22莫耳%之間,且水中之大分子前藥濃度>15重量%時,其在低溫下形成透明自由流動溶液,但當溫度高於室溫時可形成凝膠。
由於在較高濃度下具有較高疏水性藥物含量之聚合前藥之相轉移特性,其可直接在疾病病理學之已知部位處活體內投與。在投與後,膠凝過程將前藥實體上局部截留在組織內,產生前藥積存物。前藥隨後藉由間質液經由稀釋/活化/溶解過程自凝膠表面緩慢釋放。若需要調節前藥釋放速率,則可系統地調節藥物含量及前藥濃度。冰墊施用亦可局部施用以降低組織溫度以便降低凝膠黏度且增加前藥釋放。
不同於其中低分子量藥物實體上截留於凝膠內之習知基於熱敏性凝膠之藥物遞送系統,在新穎基於前藥之熱敏性凝膠(吾人將其指定為「ProGel」)中,藥物分子以化學方式與水溶性聚合載劑結合。此不僅提供藥物釋放之更好控制,且亦將藥物之細胞進入模式自擴散變化為吞噬作用/巨胞飲作用,其使得前藥之細胞進入具有細胞選擇性。僅具有高吞噬/微胞飲能力之彼等細胞(例如,發炎性細胞)將能夠內化自凝膠表面釋放之聚合前藥。
重要的是,由於熱感應膠凝特性,前藥之局部滯留不需要前藥具有高分子量。因此,吾人能夠設計具有低分子量(亦即約5 kDa)之聚合前藥,其將使得一旦藥物溶解且遷移至循環中,前藥可經由腎快速清除。此新穎策略將避免單核吞噬細胞系統(MPS,包括肝及脾)之細胞對聚合前藥之潛在螯合,由此降低非預期脫靶毒性之風險。
本發明中所描述之基於大分子前藥之熱敏性可注射凝膠為新穎平台技術,其可廣泛應用於基本上所有基於水溶性聚合物之前藥結合物。對於合成不可降解聚合載劑系統,此包括(但不限於) HPMA共聚物、聚乙二醇、聚噁唑啉或其他水溶性共聚物,其中聚合物包含一或多種選自由以下組成之群的單體:N-(2-羥丙基)甲基丙烯醯胺、N-異丙基丙烯醯胺、丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺、N-乙烯吡咯啶酮、乙酸乙烯酯、2-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基葡糖苷、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基膦酸、苯乙烯磺酸、順丁烯二酸、氯化2-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基三甲基銨、氯化甲基丙烯醯胺基丙基三甲基銨、甲基丙烯醯膽鹼甲基硫酸酯、N-羥甲基丙烯醯胺、氯化2-羥基-3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲基銨、溴化2-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基三甲基銨、溴化2-乙烯基-1-甲基吡啶鎓、溴化4-乙烯基-1-甲基吡啶鎓、伸乙亞胺、(N-乙醯基)伸乙亞胺、(N-羥乙基)伸乙亞胺、烯丙胺及其組合。對於可生物降解之聚合載劑系統,此可包括(但不限於)聚葡萄胺糖、玻尿酸、聚麩胺酸、聚天冬胺酸、聚葡萄糖、澱粉、海藻酸酯、明膠、三仙膠、果膠、角叉菜膠、瓜爾膠、纖維素醚(例如羥丙基甲基纖維素或HPMC、羥丙基纖維素或HPC、羥乙基纖維素或HEC、羧甲基纖維素鈉或Na-CMC)。
如下文實例中所示,地塞米松(Dex)為吾人使用之第一模型有效負載藥物。將熱感應HPMA共聚物-地塞米松結合物指示為「ProGel-Dex」。存在包括(但不限於)以下之廣泛之額外藥物有效負載候選物:糖皮質激素(例如皮質醇或氫皮質酮、皮質酮、潑尼松、潑尼龍、甲基潑尼龍、倍他米松、曲安西龍、氟氫皮質酮乙酸酯等)、非類固醇消炎藥(NSAID) (例如阿司匹靈、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、吡羅昔康、甲芬那酸、羅美昔布、利克飛龍、青藤鹼等)、鎮痛劑(例如氫嗎啡酮、羥考酮、青藤鹼、辣椒鹼、樹脂毒素等)、骨合成代謝劑(例如GSK抑制劑、丹參酮IIA、士他汀、前列腺素E1、E2及前列腺素EP受體促效劑等)、抗氧化劑(例如丹參酮IIA、薑黃素、維生素E、芹菜素等)、抗癌藥(例如太平洋紫杉醇、喜樹鹼、歐洲紫杉醇、小紅莓、激酶路徑抑制劑(例如細胞質酪胺酸激酶)、甲胺喋呤等)、激素(例如睪固酮、雌二醇、孕酮等)及抗生素(例如氟喹諾酮、巨環內酯、頭孢菌素及共有抗氧化劑及抗菌活性之芹菜素等)。 作為基於前藥之熱敏性凝膠開發之此等藥物中之一些如下作為實例展示。除類風濕性關節炎及骨關節炎以外,其他類別之疾病亦可受益於此獨特基於前藥熱感應凝膠之藥物遞送調配物。此等疾病包括(但不限於):軟組織(例如肌腱、韌帶、滑液囊)發炎及/或損傷、牙周骨質流失、局部感染及組織膿腫、延遲骨折癒合、神經病症(例如創傷性腦損傷、帕金森氏病等)、惡性腫瘤(例如肝、肺、腦腫瘤或癌轉移等)、局部疼痛(例如顳頜關節疼痛、牙痛、背痛、手術後疼痛等)、聽覺損失、缺血性心臟病、異位骨化、整形外科關節植入物鬆動、生殖功能障礙、高風險妊娠之激素投藥、皮膚衰老等。
吾人認為此新穎ProGel平台藥物遞送技術將改變當前之遞送範例,且具有顯著改良局部遞送治療劑之持續性、功效及安全性之極大前景。以下非限制性實例進一步說明本發明之某些態樣。
實例
1.實例 1 合成 Dex 單體 (
MA-Gly-Gly-NHN=Dex) 流程 1.
合成MA-Gly-Gly-NHN=Dex
將Gly-Gly-OH (13.2 g,100 mmol)溶解於水(50 mL)中且接著將溶液冷卻至0℃。將甲基丙烯醯氯(10.4 g,100 mmol)及NaOH (50 mL,2 M)逐滴添加至溶液中。添加之後,在室溫下攪拌反應混合物1小時,隨後用濃鹽酸酸化至pH 2且形成緻密白色沈澱。收集固體且藉由熱水洗滌直至濾液為中性為止。在真空下乾燥粗固體產物且藉由重複結晶(乙醇/水=50/50)進一步純化,得到白色晶體(4.9 g,25%)。
1
H NMR: (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.55 (br, 1H), 8.16 (t,J
= 5.8 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (t,J
= 5.8 Hz, 1H), 5.74 (s, 1H), 5.37 (s, 1H), 3.76 (s, 2H), 3.75 (s, 2H), 1.87 (s, 3H);13
C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 171.6, 169.8, 168.1, 139.9, 120.2, 42.6, 41.1, 18.9。
將地塞米松(11.76 g,30 mmol)及咪唑(4.08 g,60 mmol)溶解於無水DMF (90 mL)中且藉由冰浴將溶液冷卻至0℃。添加TBSCl (4.95 g,33 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌溶液1小時且隨後使其升至室溫持續3小時。添加乙酸乙酯(200 mL)且隨後用飽和鹽水(200 mL,且隨後150 mL×4)洗滌溶液。隨後經Na2
SO4
乾燥有機相且隨後移除溶劑,得到粗產物(15.1 g)。
1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ (ppm) = 7.28 (d,J
= 10.2 Hz, 1H), 6.22 (d,J
= 10.2 Hz, 1H), 6.00 (s, 1H), 5.29 (s, 1H), 4.97 (s, 1H), 4.78 (d,J
= 19.1 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (d,J
= 19.1 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (d,J
= 9.4 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (m, 1H), 2.61 (td,J
= 13.6 Hz, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 2.36 (m, 2H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 1H), 1.62 (q,J
= 11.8 Hz, 1H), 1.48 (s, 3H), 1.41 (d,J
= 13.5 Hz, 1H), 1.33 (m, 1H), 1.06 (m, 1H), 0.88 (s, 9H), 0.87 (s, 3H), 0.74 (d,J
= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 0.04 (s, 3H), 0.03 (s, 3H)。
13
C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ (ppm) = 209.19, 185.45, 167.20, 152.94, 129.17, 124.29, 101.38 (d,J C-F
= 174 Hz), 90.52, 70.84 (d,J C-F
= 36.9 Hz), 68.14, 48.13 (d,J C-F
= 22.5 Hz), 47.65, 36.03, 35.33, 33.82 (d,J C-F
= 19.3 Hz), 32.09, 30.46, 27.42, 25.97, 23.08 (d,J C-F
= 5.5 Hz), 18.34, 16.86, 15.38, -4.89, -5.04。
MS (ESI): m/z = 507.2 (M + H+
),計算值506.3。
隨後將粗產物溶解於含單水合肼(6.0 g,120 mmol)之甲醇(120 mL)溶液中,且隨後添加乙酸(0.9 g,15 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌溶液4小時。添加乙酸乙酯(200 mL)且隨後用飽和鹽水(150 mL×3)洗滌溶液。經Na2
SO4
乾燥有機相且隨後移除溶劑,得到殘餘物。急驟管柱層析(乙酸乙酯:己烷=1:1至2:1),得到產物(7.78 g)。產率:49.9%。回收一些化合物2 (5.53 g)。
1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ (ppm) = 6.72 (d,J
= 10.4 Hz, 0.37H), 6.43 (s, 0.63H), 6.30 (s, 1.94H), 6.28 (d,J
= 10.4 Hz, 0.37H), 6.04 (d,J
= 10.1 Hz, 0.63H), 5.99 (d,J
= 10.1 Hz, 0.63H), 5.04 (d,J
= 13.2 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (s, 1H), 4.78 (d,J
= 19.1 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (d,J
= 19.1 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (br, 1H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.56 (td,J
= 13.1 Hz,, 4.7 Hz, 0.63H), 2.45 (td,J
= 13.1 Hz,, 4.7 Hz, 0.37H), 2.24 (m, 1H), 2.12 (m, 3H), 1.66 (m, 0.63H), 1.61 (m, 0.37H), 1.59 (m, 1H), 1.38 (s, 3H), 1.36 (d,J
= 13.5 Hz, 1H), 1.29 (m, 1H), 1.05 (m, 1H), 0.88 (s, 9H), 0.85 (s, 3H), 0.77 ((d,J
= 7.1 Hz, 3H), 0.04 (s, 3H), 0.03 (s, 3H)。
13
C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ (ppm) = 209.27, 170.49, 150.62, 143.85, 139.98, 139.89, 138.18, 132.13, 127.68, 121.60, 116.04, 110.69, 100.36 (d,J C-F
= 171.6 Hz), 100.16 (d,J C-F
= 172.2 Hz), 90.63, 90.57, 69.74 (J
= 37.5 Hz), 69.67 (d,J C-F
= 37.1 Hz), 68.15, 59.91, 47.62, 47.60, 47.00, 46.85, 46.82, 46.65, 43.76, 36.16, 36.08, 35.31, 34.19 (d,J C-F
= 19.6 Hz), 34.13 (d,J C-F
= 19.6 Hz), 32.06, 30.94, 29.88, 27.47, 25.97, 25.07 (d,J C-F
= 4.6 Hz), 24.63(d,J C-F
= 4.6 Hz), 20.93, 18.35, 16.90, 15.40, 14.25, -4.89, -5.03。
MS (ESI): m/z = 521.2 (M + H+
),計算值520.3。
在0℃下將MA-Gly-Gly-OH (60 mg,0.3 mmol)、DCC (82.4 mg,0.4 mmol)及Et3
N (60 mg,0.6 mmol)溶解於無水DMF (3 mL)中。攪拌溶液15分鐘且隨後添加化合物3 (130 mg,0.25 mmol)。使溶液升至室溫且攪拌隔夜。添加乙酸乙酯(50 mL)且隨後用飽和鹽水(50 mL×4)洗滌溶液。經Na2
SO4
乾燥有機相且隨後移除溶劑。藉由管柱層析(乙酸乙酯:MeOH=15:1)純化殘餘物,得到產物4 (106 mg)。產率60.4%。
1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ (ppm) = 10.93 (s, 0.23H), 10.85 (s, 0.30H), 10.50 (s, 0.12H), 10.49 (s, 0.23H), 8.21 (t,J
= 4.2 Hz, 0.35H), 8.19 (t,J
= 5.7 Hz, 0.65H), 8.10 (t,J
= 4.9Hz, 0.37H), 7.89 (t,J
= 5.4 Hz, 0.57H), 7.02 (d,J
= 10.6 Hz, 0.24H), 6.93 (d,J
= 10.2 Hz, 0.13H), 6.79 (s, 0.32H), 6.68 (s, 0.31H), 6.62 (t,J
= 10.5 Hz, 0.25H), 6.46 (d,J
= 11.1 Hz, 0.23H), 6.43 (d,J
= 11.2 Hz, 0.36H), 6.28 (t,J
= 10.2 Hz, 0.23H), 6.22 (d,J
= 10.1 Hz, 0.32H), 6.00 (s, 0.15H), 5.96 (s, 0.25H), 5.74 (s, 1H), 5.38 (s, 1H), 5.16 (m, 1H), 4.95 (s, 1H), 4.77 (d,J
= 19.0 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (m, 2.29H), 3.86 (m, 0.78H), 3.78 (dd,J
= 14.7 Hz, 5.8Hz, 2H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 0.62H), 2.25 (m, 1.78H), 2.11 (m, 2.47H), 1.87 (s, 3.2H), 1.71 (m, 1.08H), 1.58 (m, 1.09H), 1.41 (m, 4.20H), 1.31 (m, 1.14H), 1.06 (m, 1.10H), 0.88 (s, 9H), 0.84 (s, 3H), 0.78 (d,J
= 7.1 Hz, 3.26H)。
13
C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ (ppm) = 209.27, 170.60, 170.57, 170.50, 169.63, 169.43, 167.93, 167.82, 165.62, 165.53, 157.41, 157.02, 152.24, 151.46, 146.77, 146.31, 144.12, 143.95, 143.17, 139.69, 139.62, 126.60, 120.58, 120.00, 119.90, 117.07, 116.63, 111.61, 111.44, 101.47 (d,J C-F
= 173 Hz), 101.42 (d,J C-F
= 173 Hz), 100.08 (d,J C-F
= 173 Hz), 100.03 (d,J C-F
= 173 Hz), 90.63, 90.56, 79.37, 70.08 (d,J C-F
= 36.9 Hz), 68.19, 59.95, 47.43 (d,J C-F
= 22.8 Hz), 47.27 (d,J C-F
= 22.8 Hz), 43.68, 42.64, 42.50, 41.56, 40.70, 36.15, 36.08, 35.36, 34.10 (d,J C-F
= 21.4 Hz), 34.03 (d,J C-F
= 19.4 Hz), 32.10, 31.06, 31.01, 30.13, 29.97, 27.50, 27.44, 24.42 (d,J C-F
= 4.9 Hz), 24.06 (d,J C-F
= 4.5 Hz), 23.98(d,J C-F
= 4.7 Hz), 20.94, 18.76, 18.73, 18.36, 16.90, 15.42, 15.40, 14.28, -4.86, -5.01。
MS (ESI): m/z = 703.3 (M + H+
),計算值702.38。
將化合物4 (70 mg,0.1 mmol)溶解於THF (5 ml)中且接著添加TBAF (0.2 mL,1 M),在室溫下攪拌溶液15分鐘。添加乙酸乙酯(50 mL)且隨後用飽和鹽水(50 mL×4)洗滌溶液。經Na2
SO4
乾燥有機相且移除溶劑。藉由管柱層析(乙酸乙酯:MeOH=10:1)純化殘餘物,得到產物5 (MA-Dex) 48 mg,產率:81.6%。
1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ (ppm) = 10.92 (s, 0.21H), 10.84 (s, 0.32H), 10.50 (s, 0.13H), 10.50 (s, 0.23H), 8.21 (t,J
= 4.2 Hz, 0.31H), 8.18 (t,J
= 5.7 Hz, 0.67H), 8.10 (t,J
= 4.9Hz, 0.40H), 7.88 (t,J
= 5.4 Hz, 0.57H), 7.02 (d,J
= 10.6 Hz, 0.22H), 6.93 (d,J
= 10.2 Hz, 0.12H), 6.78 (s, 0.34H), 6.68 (s, 0.38H), 6.62 (d,J
= 10.4 Hz, 0.23H), 6.47 (d,J
= 11.1 Hz, 0.25H), 6.43 (d,J
= 11.2 Hz, 0.36H), 6.27 (t,J
= 10.2 Hz, 0.25H), 6.22 (d,J
= 10.1 Hz, 0.35H), 6.00 (s, 0.12H), 5.96 (s, 0.22H), 5.74 (s, 1H), 5.37 (s, 1H), 5.14 (m, 1H), 4.93 (s, 1H), 4.67 (br, 1H), 4.49 (d,J
= 19.2 Hz, 1H), 4.14 (m, 2.05H), 4.07 (d,J
= 19.2 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (m, 0.90H), 3.79 (dd,J
= 14.9 Hz, 5.7Hz, 2H), 2.93 (m, 1H), 2.60 (m, 0.60H), 2.50 (m, 1.12H), 2.25 (m, 1.80H), 2.13 (m, 2.25H), 1.87 (s, 3.2H), 1.71 (m, 1.04H), 1.59 (m, 1.11H), 1.42 (m, 4.37H), 1.31 (m, 1.79H), 1.06 (m, 1.15H), 0.88 (s, 9H), 0.84 (s, 3.61H), 0.787 (d,J
= 7.0 Hz, 3.34H)。
13
C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ (ppm) = 211.47, 170.63, 170.60, 169.71, 169.52, 168.02, 167.91, 165.74, 165.66, 162.62, 157.56, 157.15, 152.37, 151.56, 146.89, 146.44, 144.26, 144.06, 143.25, 139.77, 139.72, 139.66, 139.12, 117.11, 116.67, 111.69, 111.49, 100.93 (d,J C-F
= 172.9 Hz), 100.88 (d,J C-F
= 172.9 Hz), 100.75 (d,J C-F
= 174.7 Hz), 100.72 (d,J C-F
= 173.9 Hz), 90.48, 90.42, 70.18 (d,J C-F
= 35.9 Hz), 66.55, 60.02, 53.07, 47,69 47.47 (d,J C-F
= 22.8 Hz), 47.33 (d,J C-F
= 22.8 Hz), 43.70, 42.71, 42.56, 41.64, 40.76, 36.16, 36.09, 35.16, 34.12 (d,J C-F
= 20.5 Hz), 34.08 (d,J C-F
= 20.5 Hz), 32.24, 31.08 (br), 30.18, 30.03, 28.18, 27.55, 24.45 (d,J C-F
= 5.0 Hz), 24.09 (d,J C-F
= 5.9 Hz), 21.34, 20.99, 20.14, 18.79, 18.77, 16.91, 15.54, 15.52, 14.32, 14.07。
MS (ESI): m/z = 589.1 (M + H+
),計算值588.3。
2.合成 ProGel-Dex
將HPMA (400 mg,2.79 mmol)、MA-Gly-Gly-NHN=Dex (256.7 mg,0.44 mmol)溶解於甲醇(5 mL)中,隨後添加引發劑2,2'-偶氮二異丁腈(AIBN,38.8 mg,0.24 mmol)及RAFT試劑S,S'-雙(α, α'-二甲基-α''-乙酸)-三硫代碳酸酯(CTA,37.1 mg,0.13 mmol),溶液用氬氣吹掃且在50℃下聚合2天。所得聚合物首先在LH-20管柱上純化以移除未反應之低分子量化合物,且隨後透析。將聚合物溶液凍乾以獲得最終ProGel-Dex。 流程 2
.合成ProGel-Dex
實例 2
3.合成 ProGel- 丹參酮 流程 3
.合成ProGel-丹參酮(ProGel-Tan)
將HPMA (500 mg,3.49 mmol)及MA-Gly-Gly-NHNH2
(134 mg,0.63 mmol)在玻璃安瓿中溶解於甲醇(5 mL)中,且向此溶液中添加引發劑2,2'-偶氮二(異丁腈) (AIBN,37.5 mg,0.23 mmol)及RAFT試劑S,S'-雙(α,α'-二甲基-α''-乙酸)-三硫代碳酸酯(CTA,35.8mg,0.13 mmol)。用氬氣吹掃溶液,將其用火焰密封且在50℃下聚合48小時。所得聚合物首先在LH-20管柱上純化以移除未反應之低分子量化合物,且獲得所要產物。所得共聚物(530 mg)及丹參酮(184 mg,0.63 mmol)接著溶解於甲醇(6 mL)中。將三氟乙酸(0.2 mL)作為催化劑添加至反應溶液中。溶液再次用氬氣吹掃且在70℃下在不存在光之情況下回流12小時。蒸發反應溶劑之後,藉由LH-20管柱純化ProGel-Tan產物。
實例 3
4.合成 ProGel- 薑黃素 流程 4
.合成N-(3-疊氮基丙基)甲基丙烯醯胺
將3-氯丙基-1-胺鹽酸鹽(1.0 g,7.75 mmol)溶解於10.0 mL H2
O中,且向此溶液中添加疊氮化鈉(3.8 g,58.5 mmol),在80℃下攪拌溶液隔夜。隨後將反應物冷卻至0℃且添加KOH以將pH值調節至11,分離有機層且用EA (30 mL×2)萃取水相。經無水MgSO4
乾燥合併之有機溶液。過濾且移除溶劑之後,獲得呈無色油狀物之3-疊氮基丙-1-胺(465 mg),其可未經進一步純化即用於下一步驟。 流程 5
.合成可發生點擊反應之薑黃素衍生物
在0℃下,向3-疊氮基丙-1-胺(500 mg,5 mmol)於無水DCM中之溶液中添加三乙胺(1.01 g,10 mmol)且攪拌溶液10分鐘。逐滴添加甲基丙烯醯氯(572 mg,5.5 mmol)且藉由TLC監測反應且進行隔夜直至3-疊氮基丙-1-胺完全消失。藉由水淬滅反應且用DCM(20 mL×3)萃取產物。合併之有機相用5% HCl (水溶液)及鹽水洗滌,且接著經Na2
SO4
乾燥。在過濾之後,移除溶劑。藉由急驟管柱層析(MeOH/DCM=1:10)純化殘餘物,得到相應產物。1
H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3
) δ (ppm) = 6.08 (s, 1H), 5.68 (s, 1H), 5.34 (s, 1H), 3.42-3.37 (m, 4H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.86-1.82 (m, 2H)。
合成 2-(3,5- 雙 ((E)-4- 羥基 -3- 甲氧基苯乙烯基 )-1H- 吡唑 -1- 基 ) 乙酸乙酯
。將薑黃素(500 mg,1.36 mmol)、2-肼基乙酸乙酯鹽酸鹽(420 mg,2.72 mmol)、三乙胺(0.375 mL,2.72 mmol)及TFA (0.05 mL,0.68 mmol)溶解於無水甲苯(10 mL)中。在回流下攪拌溶液3小時且藉由TLC監測直至起始材料完全消失。隨後將反應混合物冷卻至室溫,添加水且用DCM (20 mL×3)萃取,合併之有機溶液用5% HCl (水溶液)洗滌且經Na2
SO4
乾燥。在過濾之後,移除溶劑且藉由急驟管柱層析(MeOH/DCM=1:40)純化殘餘物,得到呈黃色固體之相應產物(380 mg,產率:62%)。1
H NMR (500MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) = 7.22 (d,J
= 1.35 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d,J
= 1.35 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.04 (m, 1H), 7.02-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.98-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.93-6.92 (m, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 6.77 (dd,J
= 10.1, 7.75 Hz, 2H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 4.16 (q,J
= 7.05 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 1.21 (t, J=7.15Hz, 3H).13
C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 168.7, 150.5, 148.3, 147.7, 147.2, 143.8, 132.7, 130.2, 128.9, 128.5, 121.2, 120.5, 118.2, 116.0, 112.1, 110.8, 110.1, 99.1, 61.5, 56.2, 56.1, 50.8, 14.5。
合成 2-(3,5- 雙 ((E)-4- 羥基 -3- 甲氧基苯乙烯基 )-1H- 吡唑 -1- 基 ) 乙酸
。將酯(180 mg,0.4 mmol)溶解於混合溶液(甲醇/H2
O=4 mL/4 mL)中。添加KOH (112 mg,2.0 mmol)且在室溫下攪拌溶液隔夜。藉由TLC監測反應。將溶液濃縮至2 mL且用HCl溶液酸化至pH=2,且隨後用DCM (20 mL×3)萃取。合併之有機相經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,濃縮且藉由急驟管柱層析(MeOH/DCM/HOAc=1:5:0.05)純化,得到相應產物(150 mg,產率:89%)。1
H NMR (500MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) = 7.22 (d,J
= 1.1 Hz 1H), 7.15 (d,J
= 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.06-6.89 (m, 6H), 6.79-6.76 (m, 3H), 4.97 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 6H);13
C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 168.2, 149.8, 148.3, 147.7, 147.1, 143.4, 132.1, 129.7, 129.1, 128.6, 121.1, 120.3, 118.5, 116.1, 112.6, 110.6, 110.1, 98.9, 56.2, 56.1, 51.9。
合成 2-(3,5- 雙 ((E)-4- 羥基 -3- 甲氧基苯乙烯基 )-1H- 吡唑 -1- 基 )-N-( 丙 -2- 炔 -1- 基 )
。將酸(60 mg,0.142 mmol)溶解於無水DMF (2 mL)中,接著添加DIPEA (36.7 mg,0.284 mmol)及HATU (81 g,0.213 mmol)。在室溫下在暗處攪拌反應混合物5分鐘,且隨後添加丙-2-炔-1-胺(15.6 mg,0.284 mmol)。在室溫下在暗處保持反應隔夜直至起始材料完全消失。隨後溶液中添加水,且隨後用EA (20 mL×3)萃取。合併之有機溶液用鹽水洗滌且經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,濃縮且藉由急驟管柱層析(MeOH/DCM=1:10)純化,得到呈黃色固體之相應產物(43 mg,66%)。δ1
H NMR (500MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) = 8.63 (t,J
=7.25 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d,J
= 1.1 Hz 1H), 7.16 (d,J
= 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.08-6.81 (m, 6H), 6.79-6.76 (m, 3H), 4.94 (s, 2H), 3.92 (s, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.16 (s, 1H);13
C NMR (125 MHz, DMSO) δ 167.2, 150.2, 148.3, 147.7, 147.1, 143.9, 132.3, 129.9, 129.0, 128.6, 121.2, 120.4, 118.4, 116.0, 112.6, 110.6, 110.1, 98.9, 81.2, 73.8, 73.3, 56.2, 56.1, 51.8, 28.6。 流程 6
.合成ProGel-薑黃素
HPMA (200 mg,1.39 mmol)及AzMA (73.5 mg,0.437 mmol)在玻璃安瓿中溶解於甲醇(2 mL)中,且隨後添加引發劑2,2'-偶氮二(異丁腈) (AIBN,16.2 mg,0.098 mmol)及RAFT試劑S,S'-雙(α,α'-二甲基-α''-乙酸)-三硫代碳酸酯(CTA,15.4 mg,0.055 mmol)。用氬氣吹掃溶液,火焰密封且在55℃下攪拌48小時。溶液首先在LH-20管柱上純化以移除未反應之低分子量化合物,得到所要產物。將所得共聚物(100 mg)、炔烴(161 mg,0.44 mmol)及五水合硫酸銅(55 mg,0.22 mmol)添加至第三丁醇(4 mL)及水(4 mL)之混合溶液中。在溶液用氬氣鼓泡5分鐘之後,添加L-抗壞血酸鈉鹽(87 mg,0.44 mmol)。在氬氣下在室溫下攪拌溶液48小時。添加EDTA二鈉及NaHCO3
且透析溶液24小時,且隨後凍乾。將粗化合物溶解於甲醇中且藉由LH-20管柱純化,得到最終產物。
實例 4
5.合成 ProGel- 芹菜素 流程 7
.合成可發生點擊反應之芹菜素
將芹菜素(200 mg,0.74 mmol)溶解於DMF (3 mL)中,且隨後添加K2
CO3
(102 mg,0.74 mmol)及溴乙酸乙酯(124 mg,0.74 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌混合物隔夜。隨後用水淬滅反應且用EA (20 mL×3)萃取溶液。有機相經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,濃縮,且藉由急驟管柱層析(MeOH/DCM=1:50)純化,得到相應產物(130 mg,產率:50%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ (ppm) = 12.96 (s, 1H), 10.39 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d,J
= 8.75 Hz, 2H), 7.09 (d,J
= 8.75 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (s,1H), 6.80 (d,J
= 2.05 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d,J
= 2.05 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (s, 2H), 4.18 (q, 2H), 1.23 (t,J
= 7.1 Hz, 3H)。
將酯(100 mg,0.28 mmol)溶解於混合溶液(甲醇/H2
O=4 mL/4 mL)中。添加K2
CO3
(193 mg,1.4 mmol)且在70℃下攪拌溶液3小時。藉由TLC監測反應且進行直至起始材料完全消失。隨後將溶液濃縮至2 mL且用HCl溶液酸化至pH=2,用DCM (10 mL×3)萃取混合物。有機相經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,濃縮,且藉由急驟管柱層析(MeOH/DCM/HOAc=1:5:0.05)純化,得到相應產物(83 mg,產率:90%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ 12.95 (s, 1H), 10.50 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d,J
= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (d,J
=8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.75 (d,J
=1.75 Hz, 1H), 6.37 (d,J
= 1.75 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (s, 2H)。
將酸(150 mg,0.46 mmol)溶解於無水DMF (4 mL)中,且隨後添加DIPEA (119 mg,0.92 mmol)及HATU(350 g,0.92 mmol)。攪拌溶液5分鐘,添加丙-2-炔-1-胺(50.6 mg,0.92 mmol)且攪拌溶液隔夜直至起始材料完全消失。添加水且溶液用EA (20 mL×3)萃取,且合併之有機溶液用鹽水洗滌。有機相經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾,濃縮且藉由急驟管柱層析(MeOH/DCM=1:10)純化,得到呈黃色固體之相應產物(117 mg,70%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
): δ (ppm) = 12.96 (s, 1H), 10.39 (s, 1H), 8.65 (t,J
= 5.55 Hz, 1H) 7.95 (d,J
= 8.75 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (d,J
= 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.78 (d,J
= 2.1 Hz, 1H,), 6.41 (d,J
= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 3.17 (s, 2H)。 流程 8
.合成ProGel-芹菜素
6.合成 ProGel- 芹菜素
HPMA (200 mg,1.39 mmol)及AzMA (73.5 mg,0.437 mmol)在玻璃安瓿中溶解於甲醇(2 mL)中,隨後添加引發劑2,2'-偶氮二(異丁腈) (AIBN,16.2 mg,0.098 mmol)及RAFT試劑S,S'-雙(α,α'-二甲基-α''-乙酸)-三硫代碳酸酯(CTA,15.4 mg,0.055 mmol)。用氬氣吹掃溶液,火焰密封且在55℃下攪拌48小時。溶液首先藉由LH-20管柱純化以移除未反應之低分子量化合物。將所得共聚物(100 mg)、炔烴(202 mg,0.44 mmol)及五水合硫酸銅(55 mg,0.22 mmol)添加至第三丁醇(4 mL)及水(4 mL)之混合溶液中。在溶液用氬氣鼓泡5分鐘之後,添加L-抗壞血酸鈉鹽(87 mg,0.44 mmol)。在氬氣下在室溫下攪拌溶液48小時。添加EDTA二鈉及NaHCO3
且透析溶液24小時,且隨後凍乾。將粗化合物溶解於甲醇中且藉由LH-20管柱純化,得到經純化之ProGel-芹菜素。
實例 5
7.合成 ProGel- 雌二醇 流程 9
.合成ProGel-雌二醇
將MA-Gly-Gly-OH (200 mg,1 mmol)及雌二醇(272 mg,1 mmol)溶解於無水DMF (5 mL)中。使溶液冷卻至0℃且隨後添加DCC (309 mg,1.5 mmol)及DMAP (24 mg,0.2 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌溶液5小時。添加乙酸乙酯(100 mL)且用鹽水(50 ml×4)洗滌溶液。有機相接著經硫酸鈉乾燥且隨後移除溶劑。藉由管柱層析純化殘餘物,得到產物(350 mg)。
1
H NMR: (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) = 8.37 (t,J
= 5.8Hz, 1H), 8.21 (t,J
= 5.9Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d,J
= 8.5Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d,J
= 8.5Hz, 1H), 5.75 (s, 1H), 5.38 (s, 1H), 4.52 (d,J
= 4.8Hz, 1H), 4.08 (d,J
= 5.8 Hz, 2H), 3.79 (d,J
= 5.9Hz, 2H), 3.54 (m, 1H), 2.79 (m, 2H), 2.29 (d,J
= 11.9Hz, 1H), 2.17 (t,J
= 10.6Hz, 1H), 1.88 (s, 3H), 1.86 (m, 3H), 1.71 (m, 1H), 1.60 (m, 1H), 1.0 -1.40 (m, 7H), 0.67 (s, 3H)。
將HPMA (120 mg,0.84 mmol)、MA-Gly-Gly-雌二醇(53 mg,0.12 mmol)、AIBN (0.81 mg,0.0050 mmol)及CTA (1.38 mg,0.0050 mmol)在安瓿中溶解於無水DMF (1.24 mL)中。在用氬氣吹掃1分鐘之後,將安瓿密封且置於63℃下之油浴中48小時。溶液接著藉由LH-20純化,得到產物。在0℃下使用4 mL水溶解產物。凍乾之後,獲得42 mg最終產物。
實例 6
8.合成 ProGel- 孕酮 流程 10
.合成ProGel-孕酮
將APMA-TERE-OMe (化合物1,912 mg,3 mmol)溶解於甲醇(10 mL)中,添加KOH (0.5 mL,10 M)及水(2 mL)。在室溫下攪拌溶液隔夜。接著移除溶劑且接著將殘餘物溶解於甲醇(10 mL)中且用濃縮氯化氫溶液中和至pH=1。接著再次移除溶劑且藉由管柱層析純化殘餘物,得到產物2 (840 mg,96%)。
將孕酮(化合物2,628 mg,2 mmol)溶解於甲醇(10 mL)中且將溶液冷卻至0℃。添加NaBH4
(152 mg,4 mmol)。在0℃下攪拌溶液2小時。添加乙酸乙酯(100 mL)且用鹽水(80 mL×3)洗滌。有機相經Na2
SO4
乾燥且移除溶劑,得到產物3 (620 mg)。
1
H NMR: (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) = 5.17 (s, 1H), 4.53 (d,J
= 5.6Hz, 1H), 4.07 (d,J
= 5.6Hz, 1H), 3.90 (m, 1H), 3.46 (m, 1H), 2.14 (m, 2H), 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.61 (m, 1H), 1.53 (m, 2H), 1.0-1.4 (m, 9H), 0.98 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s, 3H), 0.90 (m, 1H), 0.81 (m, 1H), 0.69 (s, 3H), 0.67 (m, 1H)
13
C NMR: (125 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) = 144.5, 125.5, 68.48, 66.19, 57.87, 55.52, 54.50, 42.22, 36.96, 35.59, 35.55, 33.11, 31.84, 29.28, 25.47, 24.37, 23.95, 20.64, 18.72,12.20
隨後將粗產物溶解於無水二氯甲烷(20 mL)中。添加MnO2
(2.6 g,30 mmol)且攪拌溶液隔夜。在過濾之後,隨後濃縮溶液且藉由管柱層析純化,得到產物4 (570 mg,產率:對於兩個步驟90.7%)。
1
H NMR: (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) = 5.65 (s, 1H), 3.65 (m, 1H), 2.35 (m, 2H), 2.21 (m, 1H), 2.06 (dt,J
= 12.8Hz, 3.3Hz), 1.95(dt,J
= 13.2Hz, 3.3Hz), 1.77 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.65 (m, 6H), 1.27 (q,J
= 9.0Hz, 1H), 1.16 (d,J
= 5.5Hz, 1H), 1.12 (s, 3H), 1.10 (m, 1H), 1.07 (d,J
= 6.1Hz, 1H), 0.96 (m, 2H), 1.13 (td,J
= 11.4Hz, 3.9Hz, 1H), 0.73 (s, 3H),
13
C NMR: (125 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ (ppm) = 199.54, 171.48, 123.65, 70.24, 58.21, 55.25, 53.73, 42.25, 39.51, 38.53, 35.58, 35.35, 33.85, 32.79, 31.97, 25.49, 24.34, 23.64, 20.80, 17.28, 12.29
將化合物4 (1.58 g,5 mmol)及單水合肼(1.5 g)溶解於甲醇(20 mL)中。在室溫下攪拌溶液1小時。添加乙酸乙酯(100 mL)且用鹽水(50 mL×4)洗滌溶液。隨後經Na2
SO4
乾燥有機相且隨後移除溶劑。藉由管柱層析純化殘餘物,得到產物5 (1.08 g)。
將化合物5 (330 mg,1 mmol)、DCC (309 mg,1.5 mmol)、HOBt水合物(306,2 mmol)及Et3
N (202 mg,2 mmol)溶解於DMF (10 mL)中且接著將溶液冷卻至0℃。添加化合物1且在0℃下攪拌溶液4小時。添加乙酸乙酯(100 mL)且用鹽水(60 mL×4)洗滌溶液。隨後經Na2
SO4
乾燥有機相且移除溶劑。藉由管柱層析純化殘餘物,得到產物5 (282 mg)。
將化合物6 (280 mg,0.47 mmol)及Et3
N (237 mg,5 mmol)溶解於二氯甲烷及DMSO之溶液(6 mL,5:1)中。添加SO3
吡啶(224 mg,1.41 mmol)。攪拌溶液2小時且藉由Na2
S2
O3
溶液淬滅。添加乙酸乙酯(50 mL)且用鹽水(40 mL×4)洗滌溶液。隨後經Na2
SO4
乾燥有機相且移除溶劑。藉由管柱層析純化殘餘物,得到產物7 (162 mg)。
將HPMA (80 mg,0.56 mmol)及化合物7 (48 mg,0.079 mmol)、AIBN (1.40 mg,0.0086 mmol)及CTA (2.39 mg,0.0086 mmol)在安瓿中溶解於甲醇(1.1 mL)中。在用氬氣吹掃1分鐘之後,將安瓿密封且置於63℃下之油浴中48小時。溶液接著藉由LH-20純化,得到最終產物(86 mg)。
實例 7
9.合成 ProGel- 青藤鹼 流程 11
.合成ProGel-青藤鹼
將HPMA (600 mg,4.19 mmol)、APMA-對苯二甲酸酯-OMe (219 mg,0.72 mmol)、CTA (46.3 mg,0.16 mmol)及AIBN (48.4 mg,0.30 mmol)溶解於甲醇(6 mL)中。隨後將溶液轉移至安瓿中且藉由氬氣鼓泡1分鐘。隨後密封安瓿且置於加熱油浴(55℃)中。攪拌溶液48小時。在藉由LH-20分離且凍乾之後,獲得聚合物(640 mg)。
將聚合物(320 mg)及單水合肼(300 mg)溶解於甲醇(10 mL)中且攪拌隔夜。移除溶劑且藉由LH-20純化殘餘物。 凍乾產物,得到醯肼聚合物(260 mg)。
將含醯肼HPMA共聚物(100 mg)、HOAc (4 mg)及青藤鹼(200 mg)溶解於甲醇(2 mL)中且攪拌40小時。 接著過濾溶液且藉由LH-20純化濾液以移除小分子。凍乾之後,獲得110 mg產物。
實例 8
10.合成 ProGel- 氫嗎啡酮 流程 12
.合成ProGel-氫嗎啡酮
將含醯肼HPMA共聚物(100 mg)、HOAc (3 mg)及氫嗎啡酮(100 mg)溶解於甲醇(2 mL)中且攪拌40小時。接著過濾溶液且藉由LH-20純化濾液以移除小分子。凍乾之後,獲得105 mg產物。
ProGel-Dex 表徵
使用配備有多角度散射(Multi Angle Light Scattering,MALS,Wyatt)之ÄKTA pure快速蛋白質液相層析(fast protein liquid chromatography,FPLC)系統之尺寸排阻層析法(SEC,Superdex 75 10/300 GL,移動相30%乙腈於1×PBS中)及Optilab T-rEX折射率偵測器(Wyatt)測定共聚物之重量平均分子量(Mw
)及多分散性指數(PDI)。為了定量ProGel-Dex中之Dex含量,共聚物(2 mg/mL)在含0.2 N HCl之50%甲醇中水解隔夜。所得溶液使用含0.2 N NaOH之50%甲醇中和,且在Agilent 1260 Infinity II HPLC系統上基於Dex標準曲線用反相分析型C18
管柱(InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC-C18,4.6×250 mm,2.7 µm,移動相,乙腈/水4:6;偵測,UV 240 nm;流動速率,1 mL/min;注射體積,10 μL)分析。一式三份地進行分析。使用Excel獲得平均值及標準差。
動態光散射用於表徵流體動力學直徑(Dh
)及使用Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS之潛在變化。將ProGel-Dex以200 mg/mL溶解於ddH2
O中。在4℃、8℃及12℃下一式三份地以90°角測定聚合組合體(例如微胞)之直徑。在量測之前將溫度設定為15分鐘平衡時間。藉由Zetasizer軟體版本7.12分析資料。
測定 ProGel-Dex 之 溶膠 - 凝膠相轉移溫度
使用小瓶標記方法(vial titling method)量測具有不同參數(Dex含量及ProGel-Dex濃度)之ProGel-Dex之相轉移溫度。(Kashyap, N.等人,Design and evaluation of biodegradable, biosensitive in situ gelling system for pulsatile delivery of insulin.
Biomaterials, 2007.28
(11): 第2051-2060頁)。將含有ProGel-Dex之玻璃小瓶置放於裝備有水循環泵,以用於均勻地增加溫度之冷水浴中。將精確度為0.1℃之溫度計浸沒在玻璃小瓶中且測定各ProGel-Dex之相轉移溫度。
流變特性表徵
使用流變儀(具有20 mm平行盤之DHR-2,TA Instrument,USA)評估ProGel-Dex之流變行為。以10 rad/s之固定頻率及0.5%應變以及0.5℃/min之加熱速率進行振盪溫度勻變(4℃至40℃)。流變參數在線性黏彈範圍(LVR)內。在30℃及10 rad/s下進行振盪應變掃描(0.01%至100%)。在30℃下進行流動剪切率掃描(flow shear rate sweep) (0.006-1000 1/s)。所有樣品厚度均為500 μm。膠凝溫度(Tgel
)是指在溫度勻變實驗期間儲存模數(G')第一次等於損耗模數(G'')時的溫度。將剪切屈服應力定義為在振盪應變掃描實驗期間G'等於G''時之應力。在剪切率掃描實驗下測定黏度。
表徵 ProGel-Tan
為了測定聚合物中丹參酮IIA之含量,吾人使用UV-Vis光譜法分析含量。吾人選擇480 nm作為波長,因為在此波長下不會偵測到聚合物載劑之UV吸收。基於丹參酮單體之標準曲線測定丹參酮含量。
在不同pH值(4.5、6.0及7.4)下評價ProGel-Tan活體外釋放速率。在第1天、第2天、第4天、第7天、第14天及第30天測定所釋放之丹參酮濃度。
多關節性佐劑誘導之關節炎 (AA) 大鼠模型
使用來自Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA, USA)之雄性Lewis大鼠(175−200 g)建立AA大鼠模型。簡言之,在大鼠尾巴底部,大鼠經由皮下注射接受一種佐劑混合物,其含有經加熱殺滅之結核分支桿菌(mycobacterium tuberculosis) (H37RA,1 mg)及N,N-二十八烷基-N',N'-雙(2-羥乙基)-1,3-丙二胺(LA,5 mg)於石蠟油(100 µL)中。自免疫接種後第11天觀測發炎關節。在第14天達到發炎平線區的所建立之AA大鼠隨後隨機分成3組:1。生理鹽水治療組(208.3 µL/kg);2。ProGel-Dex治療組(20 w/v%於生理鹽水中,Dex之劑量當量=10 mg/kg,208.3 µL/kg);3。淨Dex治療組(地塞米松磷酸鈉63.4 mg/mL於生理鹽水中,Dex等效劑量:10 mg/kg,208.3 µL/kg)。在誘導後第14天,所有治療經由單一關節內注射至右踝中。將額外一組健康大鼠用作陰性對照組。自第11天每天監測關節發炎及體重變化。
單關節性佐劑誘導之關節炎 (MAA) 大鼠模型
雄性Lewis大鼠(175-200 g)係購自Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA)。如先前所描述建立單關節性佐劑誘導之關節炎(Weber, L.等人,The Development of a Macromolecular Analgesic for Arthritic Pain.
Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2019)。簡言之,大鼠以一週時間間隔在其背部之不同部位皮下接受兩次佐劑免疫接種。佐劑混合物含有甲基化牛血清白蛋白(mBSA,2 mg/mL,於水中,0.25 mL)及經加熱殺滅之結核分支桿菌(H37RA,2 mg/mL,於石蠟油中,0.25 mL)。在第二次免疫接種之後兩週,大鼠在其右膝關節中接受mBSA (10 g/L,於水中,50 µL)之追加i.a. (關節內)注射。當藉由存在關節腫脹確認右膝關節中關節炎發作時,在追加注射之第二天起始治療。在第0天將已患有關節炎之大鼠隨機分配至以下治療組:1。生理鹽水治療組(208.3 µL/kg);2。ProGel-Dex治療組(20 w/v%於生理鹽水中,Dex之劑量當量=10 mg/kg,208.3 µL/kg);3。淨Dex治療組(地塞米松磷酸鈉63.4 mg/mL於生理鹽水中,Dex等效劑量:10 mg/kg,208.3 µL/kg)。包括相配之健康對照組大鼠。使用數位游標測徑規來量測大鼠膝關節之寬度。量測以下疼痛相關行為:能力喪失測試及施壓量測(pressure application measurement,PAM)。每週經由尾動脈收集血液樣品且分析CBC、肝及腎功能測試。將血清樣品自全血樣品分離且在-20℃下儲存以便進一步評價。在第21天處死大鼠。收集組織/器官(心、腎、肝、脾、肺、腎上腺),稱重且固定於經中和之福馬林(formalin)中以用於未來毒性評價。亦收集後腿且固定於經中和之福馬林中以用於進一步微米級CT分析及形態分析。
單碘乙酸酯 (MIA) 誘導之骨關節炎模型誘導
來自Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA)之九週齡CD-1小鼠用於MIA模型。在麻醉下,小鼠經由關節內注射在右膝關節接受單碘乙酸酯(MIA,每隻小鼠0.3 mg/10 µL)。為了得到MIA之較佳分散,將膝關節人工地延伸且彎曲30秒。MIA模型在MIA注射後第二天建立。隨後將小鼠隨機分配至以下治療組:1。生理鹽水治療組(416.6 µL/kg);2。ProGel-Dex治療組(20 w/v%於生理鹽水中,Dex之劑量當量=20 mg/kg,416.6 µL/kg);3。淨Dex治療組(地塞米松磷酸鈉63.4 mg/mL於生理鹽水中,Dex等效劑量:20 mg/kg,416.6 µL/kg)。額外小鼠用作健康對照組。使用數位游標測徑規來量測膝關節寬度。量測以下疼痛相關行為:能力喪失測試及施壓量測。安樂死之後,經由心臟穿刺收集血液樣品以進行CBC、肝及腎功能測試。將血清樣品自血液樣品之其餘部分分離且在-20℃下儲存以便進一步評價。
ProGel-Dex 生物分佈
經IRDye 800CW標記之ProGel-Dex (ProGel-Dex-IRDye)與ProGel-Dex混合且在第0天向MAA大鼠(n=5)投與(IRDye劑量=4.5×10−7 mol IRDye/kg,Dex等效劑量=10 mg/kg)。隨後在麻醉下在指定時間點,用Xenogen IVIS Spectrum活體內系統對大鼠成像。用以下條件捕捉影像:激發:778 nm (過濾:745 nm);發射:794 nm (過濾:800 nm);曝光時間:2 s;視野:24.5 cm;併像因子(binning factor):8;f值:2。接著使用Living Image 4.5軟體(PerkinElmer Inc.)分析所捕捉之影像。
靜態重量分佈
為測試治療之鎮痛作用,使用能力喪失測試儀量測大鼠與小鼠之後肢之間的靜態重量分佈,該能力喪失測試儀由兩個能夠量測動物置於各後肢之體重的力換能器組成。將動物置放於設備上,其後爪位於兩個力換能器中心,且經3秒之時段計算以公克為單位之平均體重分佈。 負重評分表示為經由同側肢置放之重量對比經由對側肢及同側肢置放之重量總和的比率,其中50%之比率由跨越兩個後肢相同之重量分佈產生。在模型建立之前、藥物投與之前及治療後每日量測重量分佈。
機械痛覺過敏
利用施壓量測(PAM)測試大鼠之機械痛覺過敏。PAM設備由安裝於裝配至操作者拇指之單元上的力換能器組成。拇指單元連接至含有控制面板及數位讀取顯示器之記錄基座單元。設備具有範圍為0-1500 g之力換能器,且圓形接點之直徑為5 mm。鑒於裝置表面積為19.6 mm2
,輕柔地但牢固地固持住動物,且將操作者拇指單元置放於小鼠膝關節之一側且食指在另一側。在最大5 s之測試持續時間下,以約300公克/秒之速率將逐漸增加之擠壓力施加在關節上。 在儀器之校準之後,數位螢幕上顯示所施加之力(以公克為單位)且記錄。當動物縮回其肢體或展示不適或痛苦之行為跡象,諸如停止移動鬍鬚或扭動時,確定測試終點。記錄在即將縮回肢體之前所施加之峰值力,且將此值指定為肢體縮回臨限值(limb withdrawal threshold,LWT),其用於評估各組中之疼痛水準。
微米級 CT 分析
為評價投藥之後ProGel-Dex之治療效果及潛在毒性,自實驗大鼠及小鼠分離及固定整個腿部及腰椎骨以進行微米級CT (skyscan 1172,bruker)分析。對於小鼠骨骼,將掃描參數設定成55 kV、181 µA、8.88 µm、0.5 mm鋁過濾、0.4旋轉步長、平均4幀及180°掃描。對於大鼠骨骼,將掃描參數設定成70 kV、141 µA、13.47 µm、0.5 mm鋁過濾、0.4旋轉步長、平均6幀及180°掃描。在各條件下掃描兩根標準羥磷灰石鈣棒,以充當用於骨礦物質密度(BMD)計算之標準物。使用NRecon軟體(skyscan)重建資料集且使用CTAn軟體分析。所有資料集在分析之前重新對準及3D配準。選擇第5腰椎或遠端股骨中之小樑骨作為相關區域以評價地塞米松之潛在副作用。分析跟骨或關節軟骨下骨骼以評價治療功效。分析小樑骨之骨礦物質密度(BMD)、小樑數目(Tb.N)及骨體積百分比(BV/TV)。
ProGel-Tan 促進 延遲骨折 恢復
將7週齡CD-1小鼠隨機分組至健康對照組、生理鹽水治療延遲骨折恢復組及ProGel-Tan治療延遲骨折恢復組中。在骨折之前持續3週經口投與潑尼松(12 mg/kg,每日)以誘導骨質疏鬆,以用於延遲骨折恢復模型之第一步驟。如先前所描述建立小鼠股骨閉合骨折模型。麻醉之後,用碘墊擦洗右腿以準備手術。切開3 mm內側髕旁切口。使髕骨脫臼,以暴露股骨髁。使用25號針在髁間窩處將孔鑽入股骨髓腔中。將25號針插入至髓腔中,以穩定即將發生之骨折。將髕骨復位,且使用5-0不可吸收縫線閉合切口。隨後用3點彎曲裝置在右股骨中產生閉合骨幹骨折。此方法產生最少粉碎及髓內釘之最小成角。在骨折後立即對動物進行放射攝影以驗證已產生骨幹中部骨折,且接著每週進行放射攝影直至將動物安樂死。
骨折三天後,將ProGel-Tan-IRDye水凝膠(20% w/v,100微升/小鼠)局部給與至ProGel-Tan治療組中之骨折部位,同時給與在生理鹽水治療組中之小鼠生理鹽水。在注射藥物之前及之後立即進行LICOR成像。在第1、2、3、5、7、14、21、28及56天,獲取影像以評估水凝膠自骨折部位之清除率。
結果 ProGel-Dex 表徵
ProGel-Dex具有6.79 kDa之重量平均分子量(Mw
)以及1.006 PDI。ProGel-Dex之地塞米松含量為242.7±1.3 mg/g。吾人已合成不同地塞米松含量聚合物ProGel-Dex-低(202.0±4.0 mg/g)及ProGel-Dex-高(279.7±0.7),以用於溶膠-凝膠相轉移表徵。
ProGel-Dex溶液(20 w/v%於ddH2
O中)之平均流體動力學直徑(Dh
) (數量尺寸分佈)在4℃下為23.12 nm,且隨著溫度增加,在8℃下增加至31.58 nm、在12℃下增加至53.38 nm且在16℃下增加至77.85 nm,符合微胞之溫度依賴性聚集(圖1)。當溫度達到高於16℃時,ProGel-Dex之溶液變得混濁,符合大型組合體之形成,該溶液不再適用於進一步光散射分析。然而,當ProGel-Dex溶液濃度製備為10 w/v%及30 w/v%時,在所有所分析溫度下觀測到具有非均質平均流體動力學直徑(Dh
)之溶液變得不穩定。
ProGel-Dex 之 溶膠 - 凝膠相轉移圖
將ProGel-Dex、ProGel-Dex-低及ProGel-Dex-高溶解於300 µL蒸餾水中以製備不同濃度溶液。在4℃下在水浴中培育ProGel-Dex樣品且使溫度逐漸增加。使用具有0.1℃精確度之數位溫度計監測溫度。藉由小瓶倒轉方法以及2℃逐步增加測定轉變溫度。將小瓶倒轉15秒;且若不存在可見溶液流動性,則認為已發生膠凝。記錄膠凝溫度且在圖2中繪製相轉移圖。
流變特性表徵
在30℃下在流動剪切率掃描(0.0001至1000 1/s)實驗中測定黏度。0.0025 1/s剪切率下之黏度為21845.5 Pa.s。在10 rad/s之頻率下在應變掃描(0.01至100%)期間獲得屈服應力。屈服應力為51.4064 Pa。在振盪溫度勻變實驗中測定膠凝溫度點。膠凝溫度在10 rad/s之頻率及0.5%應變下為21.892℃ (參見圖3)。G'及G''之另一交叉記錄在33.492℃處,其中發生膠體脫水收縮。當向上移動幾何結構時,在水凝膠上方觀測到存在透明流體之薄層,其與在相轉移實驗中所觀測到之現象相關。
治療性評價 AA 模型
光學成像展現在發炎膝中注射4週後之經IRDye 800CW標記的ProGel之滯留(圖4)。在非目標器官/組織中,除在腎中之極低含量外,不能偵測到經IRDye 800CW標記之ProGel-Dex之分佈(圖5),符合所預期之低關節外前藥暴露及前藥之腎清除率。
關於治療效果,ProGel-Dex治療之動物展示發炎的顯著消退,如藉由發炎踝直徑減少所指示(圖6)。
MAA 模型
ProGel-Dex展示在MAA大鼠中持續之消炎作用,其引起關節腫脹之改善(圖7)。PAM (圖8)及能力喪失測試(圖9)符合關節疼痛之快速消退(3天),且此作用在投與ProGel-Dex之後持續至多28天。右股骨之二級骨鬆質之微米級CT分析展示ProGel-Dex治療之動物中骨微型架構之保存(圖10)。來自四組(健康,用Dex治療,用ProGel-Dex治療,及用生理鹽水治療)之MAA膝關節之代表性微米級CT影像展示於圖11中。
MIA 模型
ProGel-Dex治療在投與後3天內改善單碘乙酸酯誘導之骨關節炎(MIA)小鼠之關節發炎(圖12)且減少關節疼痛,且此作用持續至多28天(圖13)。基於膝關節之重構代表性微米級CT影像,ProGel-Dex治療引起關節周圍之骨結構之保存(圖14)。
ProGel 安全性評價 AA 模型
在所有模型中未偵測到回應於ProGel-Dex關節內沈積之急性發炎反應跡象。基於AA模型中之微米級CT分析,腰椎骨中不存在GC誘導之骨質減少的證據(圖15)。
MAA 模型
進行全面血液學及肝及腎分析以評估ProGel-Dex之安全性。ProGel-Dex治療未展示對血液學概況或肝及腎功能概況之顯著毒性作用(圖16及圖17)。 相較於其他治療組,在用ProGel-Dex治療之MAA大鼠中觀測到顯著較低的腎上腺重量(圖18)。
MIA 模型
在安樂死之後分析血液學及肝及腎功能測試。血液學及肝及腎功能概況展示在ProGel-Dex治療組中無顯著毒性證據(圖19及圖20)。
在用ProGel-Dex治療之MIA小鼠中之腎上腺重量中未觀測到統計學上顯著之差異(圖21)。
ProGel-Tan 表徵
ProGel-Tan之丹參酮含量為160 mg/g。當溫度升高時,ProGel-Tan形成水凝膠。對於具有20% w/v濃度之ProGel-Tan,其黏度在35℃下顯著提高。接著在37℃下形成水凝膠。對於具有25% w/v濃度之ProGel-Tan,其黏度在30℃下提高,且在35℃下形成水凝膠(圖22)。
在pH 4.5下,釋放速率相對較快,平均約每天1.4%,而在pH 6.0下,釋放速率為每天約0.6% (圖23)。在pH 7.4下,釋放慢得多,其中一個月僅釋放5% Tan。此證實了對pH值敏感之腙鍵作為連接基團之有效性。
圖24及圖25展現骨痂內注射之ProGel-Tan在骨痂注射部位處保持了至少1個月。除了在肝中之可偵測存在以外,在所有其他器官/組織檢查中,ProGel-Tan信號較低。
骨痂區域之放射攝影分析及定量評估證明,相比於在生理鹽水治療之小鼠中之延遲恢復,健康動物及用ProGel-Tan治療之動物均具有時間上類似之恢復過程(圖26及圖27)。
總之,用ProGel-Dex及ProGel-Tan進行之活體內研究有說服力地證實,ProGel技術平台作為局部定點遞送媒劑在包括發炎性關節炎、OA及骨折恢復之病理性病狀的範圍中具有廣泛效用。吾人將ProGel前藥之功效歸因於其在局部注射部位形成凝膠,且以便凝膠充當用於歷時延長時段之持續活性藥物釋放的積存物之獨特能力。重要的是,此作用機制引起全身性藥物分佈顯著降低,因此避免潛在之部位外非目標器官毒性。
出於所有目的,本文中所引用之所有參考文獻均以全文引用之方式併入本文中。雖然已在以上實例中描述若干實施例,但一般技術者將理解,可在不脫離如由以下申請專利範圍所定義的本發明精神及範疇的情況下在其中在形式上及細節上作出各種改變。
圖1說明在不同溫度下ProGel-Dex水溶液之DLS曲線。一式三份地進行量測。
圖2說明ProGel-Dex相轉移圖。
圖3說明在溫度勻變(在0.5℃/min下4-50℃)期間使用0.5%之應變及10 rad/s之頻率作為記錄之溫度的函數之儲存模數G'及損耗模數G''。G'及G''在21.892℃及33.492℃處交叉。
圖4為展示來自經IRDye 800CW標記之ProGel在關節炎關節中注射後4週之強NIR信號的光學影像。
圖5說明非目標器官組織中之經IRDye 800CW標記之ProGel-Dex之生物分佈。除了注射ProGel之關節炎關節之外,僅在腎中觀測到低水準之信號,符合前藥之腎清除率。
圖6說明在佐劑誘導之多發性關節炎大鼠模型中,ProGel-Dex之關節內注射提供關節炎之30天持續改善。
圖7說明單關節性佐劑誘導之關節炎(MAA)大鼠模型中之膝關節直徑變化。
圖8說明單關節性佐劑誘導之關節炎(MAA)大鼠模型中之來自PAM測試之機械縮回臨限比率(mechanical withdrawal threshold ratio)。
圖9說明單關節性佐劑誘導之關節炎(MAA)大鼠模型中之來自能力喪失測試(incapacitance test)之負重評分。
圖10說明來自不同治療組之大鼠之右股骨之二級骨鬆質(紅色標記)之骨形態測定參數的微米級CT分析(**,P≤0.01;***,P≤0.001;****,P≤0.0001)。
圖11說明來自各組之MAA膝關節之代表性微米級CT影像。
圖12說明單碘乙酸酯誘導之骨關節炎(MIA)小鼠模型中之膝關節直徑變化。
圖13說明來自單碘乙酸酯誘導之骨關節炎(MIA)小鼠模型中之能力喪失測試之負重評分。
圖14說明來自MIA小鼠之各治療組之代表性3-D重構膝關節。經ProGel-Dex治療之小鼠展現相較於健康組類似的結構特徵,同時生理鹽水組展現廣泛骨侵蝕。在經Dex治療之動物中亦發現骨損壞。
圖15說明腰椎體之微米級CT分析,其展示相比於劑量當量淨Dex治療組及生理鹽水對照組顯著較高之BV/TV。(*,P≤0.05)。
圖16說明來自不同治療組之MAA大鼠在投藥後不同時間點之肝及腎功能概況。(*,P≤0.05;**,P≤0.01;***,P≤0.001;****,P≤0.0001)。
圖17說明來自不同治療組之MAA大鼠在投藥後不同時間點之血液學概況。(*,P≤0.05;**,P≤0.01;***,P≤0.001;****,P≤0.0001)。
圖18說明在安樂死時所量測之來自不同治療組之MAA大鼠器官重量。(*,P≤0.05;**,P≤0.01;***,P≤0.001;****,P≤0.0001)。ProGel-Dex治療組展現降低之腎上腺重量。
圖19說明來自不同治療組之MIA小鼠之血液學概況。(*,P≤0.05)。
圖20說明來自不同治療組之MIA小鼠之肝及腎功能概況。(*,P≤0.05;**,P≤0.01;***,P≤0.001;****,P≤0.0001)。
圖21說明在安樂死時所量測之來自不同治療組之MIA小鼠之腎上腺重量。(*,P≤0.05;**,P≤0.01;***,P≤0.001;****,P≤0.0001)。
圖22說明20% ProGel-Tan (左)及25% ProGel-Tan (右)之水凝膠形成。
圖23說明Tan自ProGel-Tan之活體外釋放。
圖24說明在骨痂內注射後骨折部位處ProGel-Tan之持續存在。
圖25說明不同器官中之ProGel-Tan水凝膠之離體觀測。
圖26說明來自不同治療組之骨折骨痂組織之X射線影像。
圖27說明骨痂區域之定量X射線影像分析。
Claims (26)
- 一種熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其包含共價鍵結於水溶性聚合物載劑之疏水性藥物分子部分,其中該聚合物-藥物結合物在第一溫度下可溶於水,且可在高於該第一溫度之第二溫度下形成前藥水凝膠(ProGel),其中該聚合物-藥物結合物具有取決於選自由以下組成之群的條件之相轉移圖:該藥物分子部分之含量、該聚合物載劑之構築、該聚合物載劑之分子量及該結合物之濃度,及其組合。
- 如請求項1之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其中該聚合物載劑為合成不可降解聚合物,其選自由以下組成之群:N -(2-羥丙基)-甲基丙烯醯胺(HPMA)共聚物、聚乙二醇、聚噁唑啉及水溶性共聚物,其包含一或多種選自由以下組成之群之單體:N-(2-羥丙基)甲基丙烯醯胺、N-異丙基丙烯醯胺、丙烯醯胺、N,N-二甲基丙烯醯胺、N-乙烯吡咯啶酮、乙酸乙烯酯、2-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基葡糖苷、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基膦酸、苯乙烯磺酸、順丁烯二酸、氯化2-甲基丙烯醯氧乙基三甲基銨、氯化甲基丙烯醯胺基丙基三甲基銨、甲基丙烯醯膽鹼甲基硫酸酯、N-羥甲基丙烯醯胺、氯化2-羥基-3-甲基丙烯醯氧基丙基三甲基銨、溴化2-甲基丙烯醯氧基乙基三甲基銨、溴化2-乙烯基-1-甲基吡啶鎓、溴化4-乙烯基-1-甲基吡啶鎓、伸乙亞胺、(N-乙醯基)伸乙亞胺、(N-羥乙基)伸乙亞胺、烯丙胺及其組合。
- 如請求項1之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其中該聚合載劑為可生物降解聚合物,其選自由以下組成之群:聚葡萄胺糖、玻尿酸、聚麩胺酸、聚天冬胺酸、聚葡萄糖、澱粉、海藻酸酯、明膠、三仙膠、果膠、角叉菜膠、瓜爾膠、纖維素醚(例如羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC)、羥丙基纖維素(HPC)、羥乙基纖維素(HEC)及羧甲基纖維素鈉(Na-CMC))。
- 如請求項1之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其中該聚合載劑為包含N-(2-羥丙基)甲基丙烯醯胺單體單元之共聚物。
- 如請求項5之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其中: R1 及R2 各自為H或甲基; R3 為經一個或兩個OH基團取代之C2 -C5 烷基; L為-[NH(CH2 )i C(O)]j -、-NH(CH2 )k -、-NH(CH2 )k -T-(CH2 )p -、-NH(CH2 )k NHC(O)-、-NH(CH2 )k NH-(CH2 )p -T-(CH2 )q -C(O)-或-NH(CH2 )k NHC(O)-(CH2 )p -T-(CH2 )q -C(O)-,其中T為C6 -C10 伸芳基、C3 -C8 伸環烷基、5至10員伸雜芳基或5至10員伸雜環烷基,其中i為選自1至6之整數;j為選自1至4之整數;k為選自1至10之整數;p為0、1、2或3;及q為0、1、2或3; Y為O、NH或NH-N= (其中「=」為雙鍵);及 Z為NH。
- 如請求項6之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其中: i為1或2; i為1、2或3; k為選自1至6之整數 p為0、1或2; q為0、1或2。
- 如請求項5至7中任一項之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其中: L為-[NHCH2 C(O)]j -、-NH(CH2 )k 、-NH(CH2 )k -T-CH2 -或-NH(CH2 )k NHC(O)-T-C(O)-,其中T在每次出現時獨立地為C6 -C10 伸芳基或5至10員伸雜芳基;j為2或3;且k為2、3或4。
- 如請求項1至9中任一項之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其中該藥物分子係選自由以下組成之群:糖皮質激素(例如皮質醇或氫皮質酮、皮質酮、潑尼松(prednisone)、潑尼龍(prednisolone)、甲基潑尼龍(methylprednisolone)、倍他米松(betamethasone)、曲安西龍(triamcinolone)、氟氫皮質酮乙酸酯等)、非類固醇消炎藥(NSAID) (例如阿司匹靈(Aspirin)、布洛芬(Ibuprofen)、吲哚美辛(Indomethacin)、吡羅昔康(Piroxicam)、甲芬那酸(Mefenamic acid)、羅美昔布(Lumiracoxib)、利克飛龍(Licofelone)、青藤鹼(Sinomenine)等)、鎮痛劑(例如氫嗎啡酮(hydromorphone)、羥考酮(oxycodone)、青藤鹼、辣椒鹼(capsaicin)、樹脂毒素(resiniferatoxin)等)、骨合成代謝劑(例如GSK抑制劑、丹參酮IIA (tanshinone IIA)、士他汀(statin)、前列腺素E1、E2及前列腺素EP受體促效劑等)、抗氧化劑(例如丹參酮IIA、薑黃素、維生素E、芹菜素(apigenin)等)、抗癌劑(例如太平洋紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、喜樹鹼(camptothecin)、歐洲紫杉醇(docetexal)、小紅莓(doxorubicin)、激酶路徑抑制劑(例如細胞質酪胺酸激酶)、甲胺喋呤等)、激素(例如睪固酮、雌二醇、孕酮等)及抗生素(例如氟喹諾酮、巨環內酯、頭孢菌素及共有抗氧化劑及抗菌活性之芹菜素等)。
- 如請求項1至9中任一項之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其中該藥物分子係選自由以下組成之群:地塞米松、丹參酮IIA、孕酮、雌二醇、薑黃素、氫嗎啡酮、青藤鹼及芹菜素。
- 如請求項13之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其為聚合物-地塞米松結合物(ProGel-Dex),其中Dex含量在約15至40重量%範圍內,該ProGel-Dex濃度在約10至50 w/v%範圍內,且該ProGel-Dex分子量在約1至45 kDa範圍內。
- 如請求項13之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物,其為聚合物-丹參酮IIA結合物(ProGel-Tan),其中該ProGel-Tan包含約12至40重量%範圍內之丹參酮IIA;其中ProGel-Tan濃度在約10至50 w/v%範圍內;且該ProGel-Tan分子量在約1至45 kDa範圍內。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至15中任一項之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物及一或多種醫藥學上可接受之載劑及賦形劑。
- 一種治療疾病或病症之方法,其包含向需要治療之個體投與治療有效量之如請求項1至15中任一項之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物或如請求項16之醫藥組合物,其中該疾病或病症在適用時為類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎、軟組織(例如肌腱、韌帶、滑液囊)發炎及/或損傷、牙周骨質流失、局部感染及組織膿腫、延遲骨折癒合、神經病症(例如創傷性腦損傷、帕金森氏病(Parkinson's disease)等)、惡性腫瘤(例如肝、肺、腦腫瘤或癌轉移等)、局部疼痛(例如顳頜關節疼痛、牙痛、背痛、手術後疼痛等)、聽覺損失、缺血性心臟病、異位骨化、整形外科關節植入物鬆動、生殖功能障礙、高風險妊娠之激素投藥或皮膚衰老。
- 一種治療疾病或病症之方法,其包含向需要治療之個體投與治療有效量之如請求項1至15中任一項之兩種或更多種ProGel-藥物結合物,或如請求項16之醫藥組合物,以便達成協同效應,其中該兩種或更多種ProGel-藥物結合物視情況組合成一種注射配方。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中該等ProGel-藥物結合物係選自由以下組成之群:ProGel-抗生素、ProGel-消炎劑及ProGel-骨合成代謝劑,且其組合在一起成為用於治療牙周炎及相關骨質流失之單一ProGel調配物。
- 如請求項18之方法,其中該等ProGel-藥物結合物為組合成一種用於治療疼痛,諸如背痛等之單一ProGel調配物的ProGel-類鴉片及ProGel-消炎劑。
- 如請求項17至20中任一項之方法,其中該(等)ProGel-藥物結合物係經由關節內、皮內、腹膜內、肌肉內、玻璃體內、陰道內、顱內、硬膜外、心內或肌肉骨胳軟組織(例如肌腱、韌帶、滑液囊)投與,其中該ProGel之負載保留在組織部位,例如皮下組織處以緩慢釋放活性藥物。
- 如請求項17至20中任一項之方法,其中該(等)ProGel-藥物結合物係調配成可施用至開放傷口或手術區域,或施用至例如濕疹、牛皮癬等之發炎部位之發炎皮膚的噴霧。
- 一種如請求項1至15中任一項之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物之用途,其用於製造用於治療選自由以下組成之群的疾病或病症之藥劑(例如基於熱感應凝膠之藥物遞送調配物):類風濕性關節炎、骨關節炎、軟組織(例如肌腱、韌帶、滑液囊)發炎及/或損傷、牙周骨質流失、局部感染及組織膿腫、延遲骨折癒合、神經病症(例如創傷性腦損傷、帕金森氏病等)、惡性腫瘤(例如肝、肺、腦腫瘤或癌轉移等)、局部疼痛(例如顳頜關節疼痛、牙痛、背痛、手術後疼痛等)、聽覺損失、缺血性心臟病、異位骨化、整形外科關節植入物鬆動、生殖功能障礙、高風險妊娠之激素投藥及皮膚衰老等。
- 一種合成聚合物-藥物結合物之方法,其包含以下步驟:(a)經由連接基團使單體與藥物分子共價偶合;及(b)使步驟(a)之該單體與包含極性官能基之第二單體共聚合;或替代地,(a')使包含極性官能基之單體與包含連接基團部分之第二單體共聚合以形成共聚物;及(b')經由該連接基團使該共聚物與藥物分子反應以形成聚合物-藥物結合物。
- 如請求項24之方法,其中該聚合物-藥物結合物為ProGel-Dex,該方法包含以下步驟:(a)使OH受保護之地塞米松衍生物與肼反應以形成地塞米松腙衍生物;(b)使步驟(a)之該地塞米松衍生物與N-甲基丙烯基-二甘胺酸反應以形成具有MA-Gly-Gly-NHN=Dex之式的單體-Dex結合物;及(c)使該單體-Dex結合物與包含一或多種極性官能基之第二單體共聚合,以使得該共聚物-Dex結合物具有熱感應特性。
- 一種製備如請求項1至15中任一項之熱感應聚合物-藥物結合物的方法,如實質上所描述及展示。
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