TW201927404A - 觸媒及其製造方法、以及合成燃氣之製造方法 - Google Patents
觸媒及其製造方法、以及合成燃氣之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201927404A TW201927404A TW106144822A TW106144822A TW201927404A TW 201927404 A TW201927404 A TW 201927404A TW 106144822 A TW106144822 A TW 106144822A TW 106144822 A TW106144822 A TW 106144822A TW 201927404 A TW201927404 A TW 201927404A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- patent application
- phosphorus
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical class [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003703 phosphorus containing inorganic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical group OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- SJHCUXCOGGKFAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl phosphite Chemical compound CC(C)OP(OC(C)C)OC(C)C SJHCUXCOGGKFAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFFAFBPZFGAMJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxy-4,6-dimethylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1B(O)O UFFAFBPZFGAMJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISTJMQSHILQAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pentanol Chemical compound CCC(O)C(C)C ISTJMQSHILQAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKFAKIIOVBHXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(O)(O)O.P(OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)O Chemical compound P(O)(O)O.P(OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)O UKFAKIIOVBHXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXYHXVIURNMBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Si].[Ca] Chemical compound [P].[Si].[Ca] BXYHXVIURNMBJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BVXOPEOQUQWRHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCOP([O-])OCCCC BVXOPEOQUQWRHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound CCO[P+](=O)OCC LXCYSACZTOKNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZHYKKAKFWLGJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP([O-])OC CZHYKKAKFWLGJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUMNEOGIHFCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl phosphite Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP([O-])OC1=CC=CC=C1 KUMNEOGIHFCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000014 iron salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQKYHDHLEMEVDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo-bis(phenylmethoxy)phosphanium Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CO[P+](=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 RQKYHDHLEMEVDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XTTGYFREQJCEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCOP(OCCCC)OCCCC XTTGYFREQJCEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphite Chemical compound COP(OC)OC CYTQBVOFDCPGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QOPBTFMUVTXWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCOP(OCCC)OCCC QOPBTFMUVTXWFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/185—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/1853—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals with iron, cobalt or nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/8892—Manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/04—Sulfides
- B01J27/043—Sulfides with iron group metals or platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/182—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/187—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with manganese, technetium or rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0209—Impregnation involving a reaction between the support and a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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Abstract
本揭露提供一種觸媒、觸媒製造方法、以及合成燃氣之製造方法。該觸媒的組成符合以下條件(1)或條件(2):(1)4wt%至6wt.%的矽、5wt.%至10wt.%的磷、25wt.%至35wt.%的鈣、8wt.%至21wt.%的鐵、36wt.%至41wt.%的氧、以及0.1wt.%至5wt.%的鎂、鋁、錳、或其組合,以該觸媒之總重為基準;以及,(2)3wt.%至6wt.%的鋁、6wt.%至8wt.%的矽、12wt.%至16wt.%的磷、28wt.%至32wt.%的鈣、38wt.%至50wt.%的氧、以及0.1wt.%至3wt.%的鎂、硫、鉀、鈦、錳、鐵、或其組合,以該觸媒之總重為基準。
Description
本揭露關於一種觸媒及其製造方法、以及合成燃氣之製造方法。
隨著經濟的快速發展,石油資源的枯竭、環境污染和全球暖化的加劇,亟需尋找高能量密度、環保、可持續發展的新能源體系。因此,由生物質(biomass)氣化所產生的合成氣作為替代能源也越來越受到關注。
然而,在使用傳統流體化床反應裝置中從生物質製造合成氣的過程中,同時會產生焦炭(char)、灰分(ash)及焦油(tar)等副產物,導致氣化轉化效率降低。此外,合成氣中所含的副產物會引起後續下游過程和設備的結垢、堵塞。例如冷凝的焦油會造成氣體清潔設備嚴重結垢、進入發電機組的焦油會妨礙合成氣應用的運行、且焦油與冷凝水混合後也易造成困難的水處理問題。
因此,業界需要一種新穎的觸媒作為流體化床床質,以降低副產物,提昇氣化轉化效率。
根據本揭露實施例,本揭露提供一種觸媒,其中該觸媒的組成符合以下條件(1)或條件(2):(1)4wt.%至6wt.%的矽、5wt.%至10wt.%的磷、25wt.%至35wt.%的鈣、8wt.%至21wt.%的鐵、36wt.%至41wt.%的氧、以及0.1wt.%至5wt.%的鎂、鋁、錳、或其組合,以該觸媒之總重為基準;以及,(2)3wt.%至6wt.%的鋁、6wt.%至8wt.%的矽、12wt.%至16wt.%的磷、28wt.%至32wt.%的鈣、38wt.%至50wt.%的氧、以及0.1wt.%至3wt.%的鎂、硫、鉀、鈦、錳、鐵、或其組合,以該觸媒之總重為基準。
根據本揭露實施例,本揭露提供一種上述觸媒的製造方法,包括:將一工業副產品含浸於一溶液中,得到一混合物,其中該溶液包括一含磷化合物溶於一溶劑中,其中該含磷化合物包括含磷之無機酸、含磷之鹽類、含磷之酯類、或上述之組合;對該混合物進行烘乾以移除溶劑,得到一固體;以及,對所得固體進行一煅燒製程,得到本揭露所述觸媒。
根據本揭露其他實施例,本揭露提供一種合成燃氣之製造方法,包括將本揭露所述觸媒置於一反應器中;提供一碳源於該反應器及通入一氣體;以及,進行一加熱步驟以經由該觸媒將該碳源轉換成一合成燃氣。
本揭露實施例提供一種觸媒及其製造方法、以及合成燃氣之製造方法。根據本揭露實施例,本揭露所述之觸媒可例如為一具有矽、磷、及鈣的複合氧化物(silicon-phosphorus-calcium-containing composite oxide),該觸媒可進一步包含鋁、鎂、硫、鉀、鈦、錳、鐵、或其組合。由於本揭露所述觸媒具有特定組成及比例,當置於反應裝置(例如流體化床,作為床質材料)進行合成燃氣製程時,可降低合成燃氣的副產物含量(例如焦油)、以及提升碳氫化合物轉化效率。此外,本揭露所述觸媒可利用大量且廉價的工業副產品來進行製備,因此可大幅降低合成燃氣製程成本。
根據本揭露實施例,本揭露提供一種觸媒,其中該觸媒的組成符合以下條件(1)或條件(2):(1)4wt.%至6wt.%的矽、5wt.%至10wt.%的磷、25wt.%至35wt.%的鈣、8wt.%至21wt.%的鐵、36wt.%至41wt.%的氧、以及0.1wt.%至5wt.%的鎂、鋁、錳、或其組合,以該觸媒之總重為基準;以及,(2)3wt.%至6wt.%的鋁、6wt.%至8wt.%的矽、12wt.%至16wt.%的磷、28wt.%至32wt.%的鈣、38wt.%至50wt.%的氧、以及0.1wt.%至3wt.%的鎂、硫、鉀、鈦、錳、鐵、或其組合,以該觸媒之總重為基準。
根據本揭露實施例,本揭露觸媒所包含的矽、磷、鈣、鐵、鋁、鎂、鉀、鈦、及/或錳係以氧化物(例如氧化矽、五氧化二磷、氧化鈣、氧化鐵、氧化鋁、氧化鎂、氧化鉀、氧化
鈦、及/或氧化錳)的形式存在,因此本揭露觸媒係為一複合氧化物。根據本揭露實施例,若本揭露觸媒包含硫時,本揭露觸媒中的金屬成份可以硫化物形成存在。
根據本揭露實施例,本揭露觸媒的組成係符合條件(1),其中磷的重量(W1)與矽、鈣、及鐵的總重(W2)之比值(W1/W2)係0.1至0.2(例如0.11、0.12、0.13、0.14、0.15、0.16、0.17、0.18、或0.19),及/或磷的重量(W1)與氧的重量(W3)之比值(W1/W3)係0.1至0.27(例如0.11、0.12、0.13、0.14、0.15、0.16、0.17、0.18、0.19、0.20、0.21、0.22、0.23、0.24、0.25、或0.26)。若磷的含量過低時,則無法促進觸媒內電子/電洞對(electron/hole pair)分離及產生有效電偶極矩,導致氣化轉化效率降低。反之,若磷的含量過高時,則易導致觸媒表面空乏區(depletion region)過窄,所產生之電子/電洞對(electron/hole pair)容易再結合,導致氣化轉化效率降低。
根據本揭露實施例,本揭露觸媒的組成係符合條件(2),其中磷的重量(W1)與矽、鈣、及鐵的總重(W2)之比值(W1/W2)係0.3至0.4(例如0.31、0.32、0.33、0.34、0.35、0.36、0.37、0.38、或0.39),及/或磷的重量(W1)與氧的重量(W3)之比值(W1/W3)係0.3至0.4(例如0.31、0.32、0.33、0.34、0.35、0.36、0.37、0.38、或0.39)。若磷的含量過低時,則無法促進觸媒內電子/電洞對(electron/hole pair)分離及提供有效電偶極矩,導致無法穩定自由基中間產物,故氣化轉化效率降低。反之,若磷的含量過高
時,則易導致觸媒表面的空乏區(depletion region)過窄,電子/電洞對容易再結合,同樣造成無法提供有效電偶極矩及穩定自由基中間產物,導致氣化轉化效率降低。
根據本揭露實施例,本揭露觸媒的比表面積可為10m2/g至100m2/g,例如20m2/g、30m2/g、40m2/g、50m2/g、60m2/g、70m2/g、80m2/g、或90m2/g。
根據本揭露實施例,本揭露提供一種觸媒的製備方法,可使用大量且廉價的工業副產品(例如含鐵、鈣、鎂、矽、及/或鋁等金屬成分)經含磷液溶改質及鍛燒後所得。根據本揭露實施例,該觸媒的製備方法包括以下步驟。首先,將一工業副產品含浸於一溶液中,得到一混合物,其中該溶液包括一含磷化合物溶於一溶劑中,其中該含磷化合物包括含磷之無機酸、含磷之鹽類、含磷之酯類、或上述之組合。接著,對該混合物進行烘乾以移除溶劑,得到一固體。接著,對所得固體進行一煅燒製程,得到本揭露所述觸媒。
值得注意的是,如果以鹽酸或硫酸取代本揭露所述含磷液溶來對該工業副產品進行改質,則所得觸媒應用於合成燃氣製程時,會有產生含氯或含硫等物質造成氣體汙染。此外,若以有機酸(例如甲酸、或乙酸)取代本揭露所述含磷液溶來對該工業副產品進行改質,仍無法有效提昇所得觸媒之氣化轉化效率。
根據本揭露某些實施例,在將該工業副產品含浸於
該溶液中得到該混合物後,可利用過濾法、潷析法(decantation)或更藉由一磁力分選法(magnetic sorting)將該混合物分離成一低密度部份及一高密度部份,以及取該低密度部份或該高密度部份之一者進行烘乾以移除溶劑,得到該固體。根據本揭露實施例,以該混合物的高密度部份進行烘乾及煅燒所得之觸媒,其具有較高之鐵及錳含量。
根據本揭露實施例,該工業副產物可為煉鋼爐石(steel slags)。此外,根據本揭露實施例,該工業副產品不含鎳、及/或鉻,因此所得觸媒不含鎳、及/或鉻,不會產成有害廢棄物污染問題。在此,工業副產品不含鎳(或鉻)係指鎳(或鉻)元素在該工業副產品中的含量為0或小於等於約0.01wt.%,以該工業副產品總重為基準。
根據本揭露實施例,該工業副產品的組成符合以下條件(1)或條件(2):(1)4wt.%至6wt.%的矽、5wt.%至10wt.%的磷、25wt.%至35wt.%的鈣、8wt.%至21wt.%的鐵、36wt.%至41wt.%的氧、以及0.1wt.%至5wt.%的鎂、鋁、錳、或其組合,以該觸媒之總重為基準;以及,(2)3wt.%至6wt.%的鋁、6wt.%至8wt.%的矽、12wt.%至16wt.%的磷、28wt.%至32wt.%的鈣、38wt.%至50wt.%的氧、以及0.1wt.%至3wt.%的鎂、硫、鉀、鈦、錳、鐵、或其組合,以該觸媒之總重為基準。
根據本揭露實施例,該工業副產品的組成符合條件
(1),且該含磷化合物與該工業副產品的重量比為1:10至1:5(例如1:9、1:8、1:7、或1:6)。此外,該工業副產品的組成符合條件(2),且該含磷化合物與該工業副產品的重量比為1:5至1:2(例如1:4、或1:3)。
根據本揭露實施例,該含磷化合物可為含磷之無機酸,例如係磷酸、亞磷酸、次磷酸、或多聚磷酸。
根據本揭露實施例,該含磷化合物可為含磷之鹽類,例如磷酸鹽、亞磷酸鹽、次磷酸鹽、或多聚磷酸鹽。舉例來說,該含磷之鹽類可為含磷之鉀鹽、含磷之鋁鹽、含磷之鐵鹽、含磷之鎂鹽、含磷之鈣鹽、含磷之鈦鹽、或含磷之錳鹽。
根據本揭露實施例,該含磷化合物可為含磷之酯類,例如磷酸酯、亞磷酸酯、或次磷酸酯。舉例來說,該含磷之酯類可為亞磷酸二甲酯(dimethyl phosphite)、亞磷酸二乙酯(diethyl phosphite)、亞磷酸二丙酯(dipropyl phosphite)、亞磷酸二異丙酯(diisopropyl phosphite)、亞磷酸二丁酯(dibutyl phosphite)、亞磷酸三甲酯(trimethyl phosphite)、亞磷酸三乙酯(triethyl phosphite)、亞磷酸三丙酯(tripropyl phosphite)、亞磷酸三異丙酯(triisopropyl phosphite)、亞磷酸三丁酯(tributyl phosphite)、亞磷酸二苯酯(diphenyl phosphite)、亞磷酸二苄酯(dibenzyl phosphite)、磷酸三甲酯(trimethyl phosphate)、磷酸三乙酯(triethyl phosphate)、或磷酸三苯酯(triphenyl phosphate)。
根據本揭露實施例,該溶劑可為水、四氫呋喃、異
丙醇、甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、二噁烷、或丙酮。根據本揭露實施例,該溶液(包括該含磷化合物及溶劑)的固含量可為50%至85%。根據本揭露實施例,在進行含浸步驟時,該工業副產品係完全浸泡於該溶液中,且在充分攪拌後,得到該混合物。
根據本揭露實施例,該煅燒製程的製程溫度可為約300℃至800℃,例如400℃、500℃、600℃、或700℃。此外,該煅燒製程之製程時間可為30分鐘至6小時,例如1小時、2小時、3小時、4小時、或5小時。
根據本揭露實施例,本揭露提供一種合成燃氣之製造方法,包括將上述觸媒置於一反應器中。接著,提供一碳源於該反應器中。接著,進行一加熱步驟,將該碳源經由該觸媒轉換成一合成燃氣。根據本揭露實施例,該碳源經由該觸媒轉換成該合成燃氣時,可通入一載氣,其中該載氣包含氮氣、或惰性氣體。
根據本揭露實施例,在將該觸媒置於該反應器之前,可先對該觸媒進行一破碎篩選處理,以使得該觸媒之粒徑介於50μm至1,000μm之間,例如介於50μm至700μm之間、或200μm至1000μm之間。
根據本揭露實施例,該反應器可例如為固定式反應器、流體化床式反應器、挾帶床式反應器、或雙床式反應器。根據本揭露實施例,該碳源可為生物質(biomass),例如稻稈、木屑、稻殼、或煤炭。
根據本揭露實施例,該加熱步驟溫度係600℃至1000例如600℃、700℃、800℃、或900℃。根據本揭露實施例,該觸媒與該碳源之重量比可為1:1至5:1,例如:1:2、1:3、或1:4。
根據本揭露實施例,該合成燃氣之熱值範圍為3-18MJ/Nm3。舉例來說,該合成燃氣包括氫氣(H2)、一氧化碳(CO)、甲烷(CH4)、或上述之組合。
根據本揭露實施例,使用本揭露觸媒之合成燃氣製造方法,可具有氣化轉化效率介於約25%至58%,例如46%、47%、48%、49%、50%、51%、52%、53%、54%、55%、56%、57%、58%、或59%。根據本揭露實施例,可以熱導氣相層析儀(gas chromatograph with thermal conductivity detector、GC/TCD)分析所得合成燃氣的熱值,而該氣化轉化效率之定義為:(所得合成燃氣之熱值/碳源之熱值)x 100%。
為了讓本揭露之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易懂,下文特舉數實施例,作詳細說明如下:
觸媒的製備:
實施例1:
首先,將100重量份爐石粉(1)(由中聯資源股份有限公司製造)(以X光螢光分析儀(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer、XRF)分析該爐石粉的組成成份,結果如表1所示)含浸於一溶液中,其中該溶液包含1.47重量份之磷酸以及20重量份的水。於室
溫下攪拌4小時後,利用磁力分選將溶液中低密度部份(易懸浮)和高密度部份(易沉降)分離,並將高密度部份以105℃烘乾除水後,得到一固體。接著,將以400℃鍛燒該固體3小時,得到觸媒(1)。以X光螢光分析儀(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer、XRF)分析觸媒(1)的組成成份,結果如表1所示。
實施例2:
依實施例1所述觸媒(1)的製備方式進行,除了將溶液中1.47重量份之磷酸增加至14.7重量份。於室溫下攪拌4小時後,利用磁力分選將溶液中低密度部份和高密度部份分離,並將高密度部份以105℃烘乾除水後,得到一固體。接著,將以400℃鍛燒該固體3小時,得到觸媒(2)。以X光螢光分析儀(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer、XRF)分析觸媒(2)的組成成份,結果如表1所示。
實施例3:
依實施例1所述觸媒(2)的製備方式進行,除了選用低密度部份以105℃烘乾除水後,得到一固體。接著,將以400℃鍛燒該固體3小時,得到觸媒(3)。以X光螢光分析儀(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer、XRF)分析觸媒(3)的組成成份,結果如表1所示。
實施例4:
依實施例1所述觸媒(1)的製備方式進行,除了將溶液中1.47重量份之磷酸增加至25重量份。於室溫下攪拌4小時
後,利用磁力分選將溶液中低密度部份和高密度部份分離,並將高密度部份以105℃烘乾除水後,得到一固體。接著,將以400℃鍛燒該固體3小時,得到觸媒(4)。以X光螢光分析儀(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer、XRF)分析觸媒(4)的組成成份,結果如表1所示。
實施例5:
依實施例1所述觸媒(1)的製備方式進行,除了將溶液中1.47重量份之磷酸增加至40重量份。於室溫下攪拌4小時後,利用磁力分選將溶液中低密度部份和高密度部份分離,並將高密度部份以105℃烘乾除水後,得到一固體。接著,將以400℃鍛燒該固體3小時,得到觸媒(5)。以X光螢光分析儀(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer、XRF)分析觸媒(5)的組成成份,結果如表1所示。
實施例6:
首先,將100重量份爐石粉(2)(由中聯資源股份有限公司製造)(以X光螢光分析儀(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer、XRF)分析該爐石粉的組成成份,結果如表2所示)含浸於一溶液中,其中該溶液包含1.47重量份之磷酸以及20重量份的水。於室溫下攪拌4小時後,利用磁力分選將溶液中低密度部份(易懸浮)和高密度部份(易沉降)分離,並將高密度部份以105℃烘乾除水後,得到一固體。接著,將以400℃鍛燒該固體3小時,得到觸媒(6)。以X光螢光分析儀(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer、XRF)分析觸媒(6)的組成成份,結果如表2所示。
實施例7:
依實施例6所述觸媒(6)的製備方式進行,除了將溶液中1.47重量份之磷酸增加至14.7重量份。於室溫下攪拌4小時後,利用磁力分選將溶液中低密度部份和高密度部份分離,並將高密度部份以105℃烘乾除水後,得到一固體。接著,將以400℃鍛燒該固體3小時,得到觸媒(7)。以X光螢光分析儀(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer、XRF)分析觸媒(7)的組成成份,結果如表2所示。
實施例8:
依實施例6所述觸媒(6)的製備方式進行,除了將溶液中1.47重量份之磷酸增加至25重量份。於室溫下攪拌4小時後,利用磁力分選將溶液中低密度部份和高密度部份分離,並
將高密度部份以105℃烘乾除水後,得到一固體。接著,將以400℃鍛燒該固體3小時,得到觸媒(8)。以X光螢光分析儀(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer、XRF)分析觸媒(8)的組成成份,結果如表2所示。
實施例9:
依實施例6所述觸媒(6)的製備方式進行,除了將溶液中1.47重量份之磷酸增加至40重量份。於室溫下攪拌4小時後,利用磁力分選將溶液中低密度部份和高密度部份分離,並將高密度部份以105℃烘乾除水後,得到一固體。接著,將以400℃鍛燒該固體3小時,得到觸媒(9)。以X光螢光分析儀(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer、XRF)分析觸媒(9)的組成成份,結果如表2所示。
比較例1:
首先,將100重量份爐石粉(1)含浸於一溶液中,其
中該溶液包含0.6重量份之甲酸以及20重量份的水。於室溫下攪拌4小時後,利用磁力分選將溶液中低密度部份(易懸浮)和高密度部份(易沉降)分離,並將高密度部份以105℃烘乾除水後,得到一固體。接著,將以400℃鍛燒該固體3小時,得到觸媒(10)。
比較例2:
依比較例1所述觸媒(10)的製備方式進行,除了將溶液中0.6重量份之甲酸增加至4.4重量份。於室溫下攪拌4小時後,利用磁力分選將溶液中低密度部份和高密度部份分離,並將高密度部份以105℃烘乾除水後,得到一固體。接著,將以400℃鍛燒該固體3小時,得到觸媒(11)。
合成燃氣的製備:
提供一高週波加熱固定床式氣化反應器。將觸媒樣品及柳桉木生質物(觸媒樣品及柳桉木生質物的重量比為4:1)混合並置於該高週波加熱固定床氣化反應器的固定承盤中。接著,導入載氣(N2、流量為80mL/min至200mL/min)於高週波加熱固定床氣化反應器中。接著,利用高週波加熱裝置快速將反應器升溫至850度,並於反應器出口端收集合成燃氣。利用熱導氣相層析儀(gas chromatograph with thermal conductivity detector、GC/TCD)分析所得合成燃氣的熱值,並計算出氣化轉化效率。在此,分別以爐石粉(1)、石英砂(由Sigma-Aldrich販售)、及觸媒(1)至觸媒(11)作為觸媒樣品,以上述步驟進行合成燃氣的製備,並量測氣化轉化效率,結果如表3所示。
由表3可知,實施例2所得之觸媒所達到的氣化轉化效率係為石英砂(傳統流化床床質主要組成物)的氣化轉化效率兩倍以上。因此,本揭露所述具有特定組成及比例的觸媒,當置於反應裝置進行合成燃氣製程時,確實可降低合成燃氣的副產物含量,進一步提升碳氫化合物轉化效率。
雖然本揭露已以數個實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本揭露,任何本技術領域中具有通常知識者,在不脫離
本揭露之精神和範圍內,當可作任意之更動與潤飾,因此本揭露之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
Claims (24)
- 一種觸媒,其中該觸媒的組成符合以下條件(1)或條件(2):(1)4wt.%至6wt.%的矽、5wt.%至10wt.%的磷、25wt.%至35wt.%的鈣、8wt.%至21wt.%的鐵、36wt.%至41wt.%的氧、以及0.1wt.%至5wt.%的鎂、鋁、錳、或其組合,以該觸媒之總重為基準;以及(2)3wt.%至6wt.%的鋁、6wt.%至8wt.%的矽、12wt.%至16wt.%的磷、28wt.%至32wt.%的鈣、38wt.%至50wt.%的氧、以及0.1wt.%至3wt.%的鎂、硫、鉀、鈦、錳、鐵、或其組合,以該觸媒之總重為基準。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之觸媒,其中該觸媒的組成符合條件(1),且磷的重量(W1)與矽、鈣、及鐵的總重(W2)之比值(W1/W2)係0.1至0.2。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之觸媒,其中該觸媒的組成符合條件(1),且磷的重量(W1)與氧的重量(W3)之比值(W1/W3)係0.1至0.27。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之觸媒,其中該觸媒的組成符合條件(2),且磷的重量(W1)與矽、鈣、及鐵的總重(W2)之比值(W1/W2)係0.3至0.4。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之觸媒,其中該觸媒的組成符合條件(2),且磷的重量(W1)與氧的重量(W3)之比值(W1/W3) 係0.3至0.4。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之觸媒,其中該觸媒的比表面積係10m2/g至100m2/g。
- 一種觸媒的製造方法,包括:將一工業副產品含浸於一溶液中,得到一混合物,其中該溶液包括一含磷化合物溶於一溶劑中,其中該含磷化合物包括含磷之無機酸、含磷之鹽類、含磷之酯類、或上述之組合;對該混合物進行烘乾以移除溶劑,得到一固體;以及對所得固體進行一煅燒製程,得到申請專利範圍第1項所述觸媒。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中該工業副產物係煉鋼爐石(steel slags)。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中該工業副產品不含鎳。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中該工業副產品不含鉻。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中該工業副產品的組成符合以下條件(1)或條件(2):(1)4wt.%至6wt.%的矽、5wt.%至10wt.%的磷、25wt.%至35wt.%的鈣、8wt%至21wt.%的鐵、36wt.%至41wt.%的氧、以及0.1wt.%至5wt.%的鎂、鋁、錳、或其組合,以該觸媒之總重為基準;以及 (2)3wt.%至6wt.%的鋁、6wt.%至8wt.%的矽、12wt.%至16wt%的磷、28wt.%至32wt.%的鈣、38wt.%至50wt.%的氧、以及0.1wt.%至3wt.%的鎂、硫、鉀、鈦、錳、鐵、或其組合,以該觸媒之總重為基準。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中該工業副產品的組成符合條件(1),且該含磷化合物與該工業副產品的重量比為1:10至1:5。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中該工業副產品的組成符合條件(2),且該含磷化合物與該工業副產品的重量比為1:5至1:2。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中該含磷之無機酸係磷酸、亞磷酸、次磷酸、或多聚磷酸。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中該含磷之鹽類係磷酸鹽、亞磷酸鹽、次磷酸鹽、或多聚磷酸鹽。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中該含磷之酯類係磷酸酯、亞磷酸酯、或次磷酸酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中該溶劑係水、四氫呋喃、異丙醇、甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、二噁烷、或丙酮。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中該煅燒製程之溫度係300至800℃。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中 該煅燒製程之時間係30分鐘至6小時。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述之觸媒的製造方法,其中在將該工業副產品含浸於該溶液中得到該混合物後,更包括:經由過濾法、潷析法或磁力分選法(magnetic sorting)將混合物分離成一低密度部份及一高密度部份;以及取該低密度部份或該高密度部份之一者進行烘乾以移除溶劑,得到該固體。
- 一種合成燃氣之製造方法,包括:將申請專利範圍第1項所述之觸媒置於一反應器中;導入一碳源於該反應器中;以及進行一加熱步驟將該碳源以經由該觸媒轉換成一合成燃氣。
- 如申請專利範圍第21項所述之合成燃氣之製造方法,其中該加熱步驟溫度介於600-1000℃之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第21項所述之合成燃氣之製造方法,其中該觸媒與該碳源之重量比介於1:1至5:1之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第21項所述之合成燃氣之製造方法,其中該合成燃氣包括H2、CO、CH4、或上述之組合。
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